The Brussels Post, 1915-7-15, Page 6Methods of Killing Poultry
The following article, by T. A. Ben-
son,issued by the Live Steele Branch,
Department of Agriculture, Ottawa,
will be of much' interest to many of
our readers:.
Dielocation.
This method is perhaps the most
popular; and when used on birds to
be sold for immediate consumption
will be found very satisfactory. With
the left hand hold the bird by the lege
anti wings with back upwards. Place
the first finger of the right hand on
the right side of the neck and the re-
maining fingers on the left side;
grasp the head in the hollow of the
hand with the fork of the fingers be-
hind the head where it joins the neck.
Hold the legs against the left hip, and
weight has been attached, All that 18
necessary is to wind the cord once
around the bird's legs and 'throw the
weight over to hold it, securely. Com-
mence by grasping the neck with the
thumb and forefinger of the left hand;
draw the head gently downward,
force the mouth open by pressing on
the side'of the head with the fingers
at.a point near the junction of the
jaws. Place the point of the' knife
well back in the throat, and with a
quick downward sliding motion cut
across from left to right. This sev-
ers
ers the bridge- vein and the bird
bleeds freely. Then place the point of
the knife at the end of the groove in
the upper mandible, holding it in a
lino with the eye, and drive it into
Y�Y
Fig. 1. Correct Method of Holding a Fowl preparatory to Bleeding.
the head near the right thigh or knee,
bend the head back as far as possible
and dislocate the neck with a sudden
pull. A pocket is thus formed to
catch the blood flowing from the bro-
ken blood vessels. Hold the wings
firmly after killing, allow the head to
hang down and commence plucking
immediately.
Bleeding.
Chickens that are to be packed for
export or' placed in cold storage
should be killed by bleeding in the
mouth. Two large blood vessels are
located on either side of the neck and
are connected by a vein, known as the
Cover the chicken with paper, and'
GERMANY IS
NOW f v self-suppoxtfng was never more in-
plata a brick on top to weight it G day N g I'Q tlra tense or extensive than it now is. In
the rural districts, now swept clear of
each chicken in the shaping board �+ '
h last, fthe lower been requisitioned, and are replaced
bride along to hold the row.m poli BUT STILL DETERMINED 10 by oxen and cows. Similarly the sup -
tion, Allow the thicken to remain in• PROSECUTE THE WAR. ply of soldiers remains ahundant•
This year's class of recruits, which
would, in the ordinary course, have
been enrolled next November, has
just been called out• I saw numbers
of them followed to the railway sta-
tions by their parents: and other rela-
tives, marching to the musie of
schoolboy bands and departing with
clown, and one beside it to hold it in �� ARROGANT men of military age, the woman,
other c Continue this ed, placing
as young and' old, have taken their
other chickens are plucked, placing places and aro helped by old men
clop upto themay and boys. Most of the horses have
the brain, at the point
where the base
of the skull joins the spinal column.
Give the blade a quick half turn, thus
destroying the brain tissues. This
causes paralysis, renders the bird
quite insensible and loosens the fea-
thers. The bird should be plucked im-
mediately as it hangs, commencing
with the large wing and tail feathers,
next the feathers on each side of the
breast, then the back, and finishing
with the wings and legs.
Poultry should never be scalded be-
fore plucking, because scalded poultry
always appears dull and unattractive.
Tho skin is often half cooked, and
appears blotched and parched in a
this position for at least six hours,
being sure that they are quite cold -.—.
and dry before being placed in the
Boys From higher Classes of Schools
Are Training to Enter
the Fight.
eases.
Fig. 3. -Diagram of head with lower jaw removed.
Packing.
The best.: material for cases is
either basswood or spruce, and the
typo of case most generally preferred
eled
by the trade is one which holds
single layer of: twelve birds, The fol-
lowing dimensions may be found of
use in having the material cut
size. The figures, given are the inside
measurements in inches.
Thickness of wood—sides, 7/16;.
ends, 9/16.
No. 1.-212/2 x 16 x 4-8/10.
No. 2.-23-3/16 x 16-% x 4-5/16.
No. 3•-24-13/16 x 17-5/16 x 4-%•
No. 5.-261x 18x5r/a.
Case No. 1 is for chickens weighing
(plucked) from 3 to 31 lbs. each.
Case No. 2 is for chickens weighing
(plucked) from 31 to 4 lbs. each.
Case No. 3 is for chickens weighing
(plucked) from 4 to 41 lbs. each.
Case No. 4 is for chickens weighing
(plucked) from 4% to 514 lbs. each. /
The bottom of the case is removed
for packing, the interior is lined with
parchment paper, and the chickens
are placed breasts up so- that when
the case is opened, they appear backs
up. The name and address of the
shipper, the number and grade of the
chickens and the net weight should be
carefully stencilled on the end of the
case.
It is well to keep in mind that uni-
formity and accuracy in grading
count for much in making a sale and
in establishing the reputation of any
particular brand or trade mark.
bridge vein, which takes a slanting
course acroes the base of the head.
As the bird hangs head downwards,
breast towards the operator. The
junction of these veins may be found
On the left side, a little behind the
eye. (Fig. 1.).
In order to operate properly the
birdshould be hung either in a
gpreader or by a cord to which a
very short time. Scalded poultry will
not keep as long as dry picked poul-
try, and does not command as high a
price on the best markets.
As soon as plucked, gently squeeze
the chicken so a to completely empty
the intestines, place its legs along
side the breast, then breast down-
ward, force the chicken down into the
angle of the shaping board.
BRITAIN'S SEA TRAFFIC.
Pressure Relieved on Overcrowded
Port of London.
After nearly a year of almost un-
believable crowding and pressure in
the port of London, the shipping au-
thorities have caught up with the sea
traffic, and during the past week, for
the first time since war begun, not a
single vessel had to be detained in
the lower Thames waiting for a berth
to be cleared in the docks, says a re-
port from London.
Immense new facilities have been
rushed to completion during the past
two months. More than 400,000 front
feet of additional shed space has
been provided. The East India Im- officers. The overbearing Prussian, wee k."
port dock, which will furnish eight spirit seemed to have disappeared. Of- "Yes, helped the lady friend.
new berths for large ocean-going ficers of all ranks behaved like ordin- "Yes, dear,"he help to me dy, friend.
ships, will be opened in August, and ary beings. They mixed with their and in his—his last letter he tells me
the early completion is also promised men in an easy-going, friendly way,
In the following article, an experi-
enced American correspondent gives, soup and apparent gladness. The
a general impression, of the condition boys from the higher classes of the
of Germany to -day. Ile notes a schools are being trained voluntarily
change from the overbearing spirit all over the country.. In the garrison
of Prussianism'. which formerly pre towns there are more soldiers than
wailed among officials and the army, in time of peace. In a small residen-
and, combined with this change, a tial town in the south, the peace gar-
universal determination to prosecute risen of 1,500 had been increased to
the war to a successful issue, however 6,000; and I noticed a similar proper-
long the struggle and however great tion in other places. The Landsturm
the sacrifices: has not yet been called upon for any
At the frontier station our pass- military service proper.
ports were closely scrutinized, and The military resources of Germany
our belongings thoroughly examined. are still enormous. The confidence
We ourselves were searched and of the people isnot, however, based
subjected to a series of oral examina- upon any expectation of great and de -
tions by various officials. In the cisive victories, such as were hoped
crowd were detectives waiting -to note for at the beginning of the war.
the slightest variations in the replies
given to different questioners. We
knew that these detectives had trav-
eled with us and would mix with us
in the train on our way into Germany.
Heligoland Was Once Good Size.
Heligoland, in the North Sea, the
The only striking feature of this formidable German stronghold, is
gradually yielding to Nature's forces,
examination was the joviality with
This famous island, held by England
which it was carried out. A new
from 1807 to 1890, is forty-five miles
spirit seemed to have come over the
erstwhile gruff and rough frontier north-west of the mouths of the Elbe
and Weser, and, though only a rock
officials, The men who examined us
were all Landsturm soldiers from rising 176 feet above the sea, and
less than a third of a mile in area;
some South German district—elderly
men, big -bearded, wearing strange has acquired great importance as .a
old-time uniforms, and armed with German naval bate. Attention has
old -pattern rifles. They behaved as been called to the fact that a map in
though it gave them pleasure to pass the possession of the Geological :So-
us into the Fatherland when once the ciety shows that its circumference in
odious task imposed by superior au- the year 800 was 120 miles. In 1800
thority had been satisfactorily per- the distance around it was forty-five
formed.Imiles, and as early as 1649 it had been
"Well," I said to one official, "I • reduced in area to four square miles.
suppose there will be no further dif-I Erosion by the sea has been .the cause
ficulties in the way of travel, and of the gradual effacement. The wear -
that all the stories told abroad about! ing away has been chiefly fromthe
er n leu les i ,
FROM OLD SCOTLAND
NOTES OF INTEREST FROM HER
BANKS AND BRAES,
What Is Going' On in the Highlands
and Lowlands of Auld
Scotia.
Over 500'employes'of the Edin-
burgh corporation are serving with
the colors. .
From 500 to 600 soldiers stationed
in Kilmarnock have voluntarily signed
the war teetotal pledge.
Pte. W. Hugh of Carnoustie, Fifth
Black Watch Territorials, has been
awarded the D.C.M. for bravery in
the field.
Linlithgow School Board has adopt-
ed a proposal that free books and
stationery be granted in all State-
owned schools:
Damage amounting to several hun-
dreds of pounds was done by an out-
break of fire in the shipbuilding yard
of Caird & Co., Greenock.
Aberdeen Town Council has decided
to engage female laborers to fill
vacancies on the tramway system
caused by men on service.
Damage to the extent of $15,000
was caused by a fire that occurred at
the works of Messrs Rankin & Black-
more, engineers and iron founders,.
ORIGIN OF '
COLLIE DOG LOST;
THE GREEKS APPRECIATED TWd
VALUE OF THESE DOGS.
Probably Not the Direct Descendant '
of the Early Sheep
. Dog,
If ten dog men were asked the clog
whose orien is the easiest to trace
they probably would say that that
breed is the collie. To the casual ob-
server this seems the most natural
answer, but deep and painstaking
study reveals that such is not the
case. The striking similarity between
the collie, especially, the plebeian
branch of the family which generally
goes by the name of shepherd dog,
and his wild cousin the wolf, proba-
bly has done much to foster and
spread the theory that the collie is the
nearest kin of the wild dog.
The collie, the wolf, the jackal, the
husky of the Arctic regions, and the '
semi -domesticated dog of the Ameri-
can Indian, it is true, all bear marked '
resemblance to each other, but be
cause this is so it does not necessar-
ily follow that they are closely re-
lated. This seems to be a delicate
question and one that causes endless
debates, but in the case of the collie
the bulk of the argument seems to be
in the negative.
Collie Is British.
The first authentic work on the
collie came from the Greeks, wha
knew and appreciated the value of
these dogs as aids in the tending of
Greenock. sheep. Neither Greece nor Rome,
The military authorities have now however, has left any . pictures or
taken over the Western District' Hos- drawings of its sheepdogs. Even if
pital of the Glasgow Parish Council they had left records of the appear -
for the accommodation of wounded ance of these dogs it would not have
soldiers. been of any practical use to the collie
Two acres of undergrowth have breeders of to -day. For' the collie is
been burned and a large quantity of undoubtedly of British origin, and
trees, principally Scots firs, damaged has nothing to do with the dogs the
as the result of a serious fire in Rich- Romans used in tending their sheep.
orn Wood, Dalbeattie. • The exact origin of the collie seems
to be an open question.. Some persist
in their claims that he is the direct
descendant of the wild dog. It prob-
ably is tree in that the first dogs were
domesticated for the purpose of tend-
ing the sheep, but that the collie is
the parent root seems more than im-
probable..
lade of food and oth diff'. 1f n, north-eastern side into which Incrsea The death has occurred' at his rest-
Germany are moonshine?" "Ach has cut thirty'miles or more—taus dente in Musselburgh of Major -Gen -
was!" he answered with a broad having been due mainly to the set of
eral C. M. Govan, formerly of the
smile. "We have lots of food, the the currents, but also to the greater Royal Artillery, who served in the.
Crimea, at the age of 88 years.
Progress is being made by the
South Ayrshire Collieries Company in
developing coalfields in the Girvan
Valley, and it is hoped that work will
be found for 200 men at an early date.
Plans have been approved or exten-
sive alterations to the engineering
and foundry department of Messrs.
Archibald Baird & Son, Limited,
Clyde Steel Works, Hamilton, at an
estimated cost of $50,000.
In connection with the departure of
troops from Sterling recently, no
fewer than 2,500 buns, an equal num-
ber of oranges, and as many packets
of chocolates were distributed among
the men.
trains run to the minute, life goes on
as usual, and we welcome strangers
traveling on business, and even tour-
ists. Don't believe the enemy's lies."
Army Changes.
This first experience of Germany
was to some extent typical of theter?"
situation as I saw it during the first' The young wife wiped her eyes and
weeks of my visit. The changed atti- tried to compose herself and be in-
tude of officials, both military and , humanly
calm.
civilian, was most marked. It was "Well,' she began with folded
particularly noticeable among the hands "you know John is away for a
hardness of the rock still left.
Untruthful John.
"Why, my dear," exclaimed the
good friend on finding Mrs. Newwed
in floods of tears, "what is the mat -
of the new refrigerated meat ware-
house at the Royal Albert dock, to
contain 500,000 carcasses.
There is every indication, however,
that even these enlarged facilities
will be pushed to theirutmost ca-
pacity as the autumn comes on. The
autumn and winter are normally the
busiest seasons in all the ports of
which would formerly have been
thought highly detrimental to discip-
line.
When alluding to this change in
conversation with Germans, I was al-
ways told that the German army is
now a real people's army. The war,
I was informed, has played havoc
with the "parade, elements." The
northern Europe. The war situation Guards and other crack regiments
will accentuate the position created have been badly mauled again and
by the ordinary increased flow of again by the enemy. The flower of
business. Moreover, several new' the Junker officers have fallen and;
liners are asking for berths in Lon-
don.
Government purchases of Indian
wheat have commenced to leave In-
dia for London, and large shipments
of timber are promised from Nor-
wegian ports. It is also stated that number of Jews. Besides, the deple-
as soon as the numerous cargoes of tion d the corps of professional of -
supplies for Russia are out of the ficers-has automatically given great -
way at Archangel, that port will be- er importanceto the reserve officers,
gin shipping heavily to London. wlio are now the mainstay of the
More sugar is expected shortly military organization. The whole
from Mauritius to replenish the personnel of the army, officers and
stocks kept in storage along the Lon- men alike, has changed. At many
don waterfront. points of the front, the formations
are composed even of Ersatz re-
serves.
"Thus," a German friend explained
to me, "we have now a class of offi-
cers composed of men who, less than
a year ago, were barristers, teachers,
engineers, and men of business, and
the new soldiers are of the same qual-
ity. The military machine has ac-
quired a somewhat different charac-
ter. It is now the people who are at
war; men taken from their families
and all kinds of civil occupations, not
merely young soldiers without strong
family or civil ties, commanded by
professional leaders forming an ex-
clusive caste."
No Landsturm Yet.
These changes and the earnestness
of the moment have subdued the tone
of Germany; but they have also—at
least up to the present—had the ef-
fect of increasing the internal
strength, the singleness of mind, the
faith in the military power of the
country. Those who have had no ex-
perience of compulsory service can-
not perhaps understand the meaning
of this change.
Yet the significance of the change
should not be misunderstood. The
subdued tone corresponds to a grim
determination to continue the strug-
gle to any length, to endure any
saorifiees'until the end. People long
for peace, certainly, especially in
business circles and among the work-
ing classes; but no one believes that
peace will come soon, and there is
no .question of going back until—in a
phrase which I heard again and again
as a sort of watchword -"the safety
of -the Empire has been secured and
the German nation has vindicated its
rightful position in the world."
The effort to make the cduntry
in their place, able men have been
promoted without much regard for
their previous rank. Even privates
are said to have entered into the
class formerly so circumscribed.
Commissions have been given to a
The great rush of wool ships has
ceased. Foodstuffs in store are
abundant. The stocks of practically
all classes of goods necessary for the
support and comfort of the people
are larger than they were in June,
1914,
The general management of the
Suez Canal is conducted from Paris.
England, France, and Russia pos-
sess about six times as many sub-
marines as Germany.
I!it.ini t •v ✓i/Jii . 111";6'
I'ipl, 3.—A case o
ell dressed poultry, attractively packed,
he gets my photo out and kisses it
every day.'
"But that is nothing for you to cry
about," exclaimed the good friend.
"Yes it is," cried Mrs. Newwed,
bursting into tears rsh, of his
e be
cause I took my p'etuafout
ba -bag before he started ju-just for
a jo-joke and put one of mother's
in its place."
1
The highest altitude ever reached
by an airship is 10,600 feet.
"Khaki" is a Hindustani word, de-
rived from the Persian word "khak,"
meaning earth, or dust.
AN ICE CREAM BRICK
Solves the Difficulty.
C I `TY DAIRY ICE CREAM put up
in attractive boxes is as pop-
ular with the guest as it is
convenient for the hostess:
it is the ideal summer dessert.
For sale by discriminating shopkeepers everywhere.
Look
for
thy, Sign.
TORONTO.
We want an Age t in every town.
Original Shepherd's Dog.
A strong proof that the collie is
the result of the special requirements
under which he has been asked to
work may be seen in the fact that
the sheep dogs of the world show
many different types. In Tibet, for
example, they have big mastiff -like
dogs, which easily can protect their
charges from the attacks of wolves.
The original sheepdog of Great Bri-
tain was something of this kind of a
dog, and many contend that the deer •
-
hound, the Irish Wolfhound, the
otterhound, the sealdog and the collie
all sprang from a common source,
which probably was a broken coated
wolfish dog, more resembling the deer-
hound than the collie of to -day. An-
other popular theory is that the old
English sheepdog, of which there aro
earlier • records than the collie, was
iesponsible for the later breed, the
cross used to produce the collie be-
ing that of the deerhound or grey-
hound. It cin be stated safely the
shepherd dog of Scotland did not as-
sume his present appearance till the
latter part of the seventeenth cen-
tury.
Even the name of this beautiful
breed is of doubtful origin. Cooly,
cooley, colly, coley,colie are all words
which have reference to the color
black, and it but natural to assume
that collie should originally have had
a similar meaning, but exactly how
it came to be applied to this dog has
not been shown. Webster gives collie
as coming from the Gaelic cuilean,
meaning a dog, a puppy, or a whelp.
Even this does not clearly show the
origin, and like the origin of the
breed remains an unsolved problem.
The collie has long been regarded as
one of the most intelligent of all dogs,
and many claim that he should hold
this title undisputed. The stories told
of the almost human intelligence of
this breed seem to have substantial
evidence that the collie uses more
than mere instinct.
London Statue Gift of Kaiser.
It is not generally known that the
statue of King William which stands
outside. (Kensington Palace, London,
was presented to England by the
Kaiser. It bears the following in-
eicription: "William III. of Orange,
King of Great Britain and Ireland,
1689-1,702. Presented by William IIy
German Emperor and Ring of Prus-
sia, to King Edward VII. for the Brit-
ish nation, 1907" .
A very short tinmcago the Kaiser
presented a colossal statue to Nor-
way. This is a statue of Frithjof,
the great Nose hero, who is the
subject of an Icelandic saga assigned
to the fourteenth' century, and relat-
ing his adventures. It 10 designed to
commemorate the Kaiser's, 25th
cruise to the Land of the Midnight
Sun. The figure of the mythical hero.
is forty feet high -about ten feet
shelter titan the Kaiser thinks him-
self—and stands ce a pedestal thiie,f
feet high. 2 dozen men luntheci in
the chest cavity of this coil:vial
Statue whilst it 'was in coarse o$
etc:diem