The Brussels Post, 1912-11-14, Page 6AUDITOR'S STRenk CRITICISMI
REPORT ON TORONTO HYDRO-
ELECTRIC/ COMMISSION.
Civic Official Points Out Apparent
Deficit -Mayor Makes
Reply.
The pity of Toronto auditor's re-
port upon the finances of the Muni-
cipal hydro -Electric Power Com-
mission for the period from June 1,
1911, to June 30, 1912, wee present-
ed to the City Council Oct. 14.
It says that at the close of 1911
an unadjusted balance of $16,-
795.62 was carried forward. How-
ever, it declares that the making
of a good inventory disclosed a
shortage of $113,477,40 between the
amount standing in the books and
the actual amount of stores on
hand. The report declares that it
was apparently decided to charge
the whole of the working deficit on
the books of 1911 to construction ac-
count. "Entries were consequently
made," says the report, "charging
the several construction accounts
with a pro rata percentage of the
total deficit as found amounting to
$117,803.35." This sum, it explains,
is obtained after crediting the in-
come earned during the period, and
in addition to it there is an out-
standing capital charge due the
Provincial Hydro -Electric Power
Commission amounting to $248,245.-
80. The following figures show the
position of the civic plant on Dec.
81, 1911
Cash from pity.•••• •• .,. •$2,400,993 11
Interest etc., charged by city,
carried to debit of capital ex-
penditure ...... ...... 92,198 54
Deficit on operating and goner-
al expenses to date .,•, ...... 117,803 25
Total charge to 31st Decem-
ber, 1911 .. ... $2,610,996 00
Outstanding liabilities:-
IInadjusted items of city ac-
count... 16,795 62
.
Unadjusted stores shortage.. 113,477 40
Due Prov. Hydro-Eleotrlo Com-
Finds a Deficit.
The City Auditor is of the opin-
ion that a portion of the $117,803
should have been carried forward
as a charge against future earnings.
He gives a. general review of the
figures for the six months ending
June 30, 1912. He reaches the con-
clusion that there was a deficit of
$85,642.31 en the operations of the
period. His statement of operat-
ing expenses and earnings is as fol-
lows :-
Wages, material, eto ..., ........$213,674 85
Current, eto. .... .. ... 76,522 61
Carried to credit of depreciation
reserve ........... ....., 35,027 16
Accrued sinking fund (half year) 21.274 28
Interest on bonds and advances
(one-half charged to revenue).. 36,305 92
378,518 83
9382,804 82
Earnings ...... ...... ......... 297,162 51
The auditor calls attention to the
fact that for the half year preceding
June 30, 1912, no amount had been
provided to meet accrued sinking
fund charges, but that an item of
$50,888 had been written into the
balance sheet to cover the amount.
Added to the deficit this made a
total of $136,530 to be carried for-
ward against future earnings. In
addition, $36,305, the remainder of
the interest account, would have to
be added to capital account. The
City Auditor thinks that such items
should be charged directly to rev-
enue. Treating them in this way,
the present position, he says, would
be: -
Total oharge to 31st Deo., 1911
as above . ...... ...2,610,995 00
Oeste from city from 31st Dec.,
1911, to 30th June, 1912 ........ 716,000 00
Int. credited by Com. 72,611 84
Total charge to 30th lune, 1915'.93,398,606 84
summary.
Deficit to 31st Deo., 1911, parried
to capital expen. .. .,.,. .,
Deficit to 30th June, 1915
Accrued sinkingfund at 30th
Juno, unprovded for
Proportion of int. charged to
117,003 35
85,642 31
50,888 07
36,105 92
Net shortage to 30th June, 1912,$ 290,639 66
Outstanding liabilities:--
Unadjnsted items in City
Treasurer's soconnt .... 16,795 62
Shortage, stores account 113,477 40
Prov, Hydro Com. ...•.. 240,246 81
Income Accounts!
A comparison of the principal in-
come accounts for the six months
ending December 31st, 1011, and
80th June, 1912, respectively, is as
follows
378,518 03
1911. 1912.
31et Dec, 30th June.
Com. lighting ., ..$ 57,104 78 $ 68,562 76
Com, power ... 9,277 33 24,574 39
un. bldg. light 636 05 323.34
tun, power .. .. 4,313 00 54,664 06
yy��lun- at )60111405 .. 76,893 90 120,058 50
Mater rents .... ....... 30 00 130 00
$147,254 06 3268,313 03
Sundry credit items ,. 3,542 66 28,849 48
$150,796 62 297.162 61
The City Auditor says that the
system of bookkeeping in use by
thecommission is "cumbersome and
smothered in detail," He thinks
that the volume cif business of the
oivie electric department is, and
has been, over -stated. He believes
that considerable saving could be
made in expense accounts. He
points out that by the close of the
year sinking fund and interest
charges will have to be met out of
earnings. He asks why "renewal
and depreciation funds" and "sink-
ing funds" should be charged.
against the annual mit of the un-
dertakieg, and expresses the opin-
ion that the'syste,m of purchasing
electrloity on the peak, load plan
might well be superseded.
Mayer Makes Reply.
Mayor Geary, speaking of the au-
ditoee remelt, said that the book
keeping system of the civic commis-
sion had been built up under expert
advice after years of experience,
that the department was not over-
staffed, and that the system of pur-
chase of current had been decided
upon by the Hydro -Electric Power
Commission of the province, The
Mayor explained that the unadjust-
ed balance of $16,795 at the close of
1911 represented a difference be-
tween the revenue estimated by the
City Council and the actual rev-
enue, and, in the opinion of the
commission, should not be charged
to it at all. Of the item of $113,477
described as shortage on the stores'
account, the Mayor said that it was
merely a question of bookkeeping.
Certain invoices were charged to
stores, while as a matter of fact the
goods went directly to the job and
were never credited when used. A
great proportion of the amount had
already been traced. The Mayor
said that the sum of $248,245 given
as due the Hydro -Electric Power
Commission of Ontario was not ear -
red. The amount, which referred
to the eastern entrance, represent-
ed claim plus interest to July 1,
1912, not the amount of the claim
on Deo. 31, 1911- The so-called
working deficit of $117,803, he de-
scribed as a technical deficiency
which might properly be included in
the capital cost of the undertaking.
It was due, he believed, to the dis-
organization introduced into the op-
eration service by the concurrent
demands of construction opera-
tions.
Analyses the Deficit.
The Mayor says that the loss for
the quarter ending March 31, 1912,
was $55,768, and the loss for the
quarter ending June 30 was only
$29,873. Of the first quarter's loss,
$17,056 is interest on investment,
$17,065 is written off for deprecia-
tion of the new plant, and $12,639 is
put aside for sinking fund. The
loss for the quarter ending June 30
includes also allowances for inter-
est, depreciation and sinking fund,
Mr. Geary declared that the loss
for the quarter ending September
30, the net loss was only $4,647,
and this, after allowing for inter-
est $20,999, depreciation $19,443,
and sinking fund $15,000. .As a
matter of fact, he said the months
of August and September had eaoh
shown a small profit got by civic
enterprise. The gain, he asserted,
was proceeding and the initial loss
was being made good. Business, he
said, had grown wonderfully. The
city had 12,000 customers and a
plant which could do many times
the business with little additional
cost, even for current. "We carry,"
he declared, "against future profits
the charge for sinking fund prior
to January, 1912, $50,888, and our
deficit for the first nine months of
the first year, which is not an op-
erating year, but rather a year of
construction is $90,290, included in
which is $51,470 depreciation and
$36,381 for sinking funds'
ECONOMY.
"I notice that as soon as you
have smoked a cigar you use the
stump of it to light another. Don't
you think it is harmful to smoke so
continuously 1"
"Well, it may be; but matches
cost money."
"Lion Dogs" from Pekin.
The Pekinese spaniel, or "lion
dog," now so popular among dog
lovers, was formerly an exclusive
possession of China's rulers, and
it was a capital offence to remove
one of the diminutive creatures
from the imperial palace. A pair of
them was taken to Europe after the.
capture of Pekin, in 1860, and from
these and a few others the Ameri-
can specimens of the breed are de-
scended.
tantpie free if yea write Nattonaf Drag
& Chemical Co, of Canada, Limited,,
TOrento,
TORONTO CORRESPONDENCE
1NTERESTINO GOSSIP FROM ONTARIO'S
CAPITAL,
"Abolish the gar" Polley -Mr. Rowell's
New Secretary -The Purity crusade-
The Soolal Evil -American Football.
Air, N. W. Rowell and his supporters do
not accept the result 10 the Boat Sliddlo-
sex bye-cleetion as any fair testof the
ultimate s.rength of the "Abolish the
bar" policy. They maintain that the
constituency merely gave its normal con-
servative majority, that the Liberal Party
wao.odisorgauiaed and rho temperance
forces were unorganized. and that the
cendidato, who was neither a straight
liberal, nor a straight temperance man,
got no effective support from either.
On the other hand, it has to be noted
that East Middlesex is a strongly tem•
norance riding, Evory township but one
in it le uuder local option, sad. that one
has come within seven votes of currying
the bylaw by the neoesoar'y three•fifthe
majority. The aggregate local 03)tion Ma-
jority of the riding is something like
1,100 votes, so that the eloetion of Mr..
Neely, conservative, by over 600 shows
that iu that riding at least the abolish
the bar issue has become more of a
straight party question than Mr. Rowell
Pcan affrovince.ord to have it, if he is to carry the
Interesting Points Arose.
While the bye•election may have had
its abnormal conditions as claimed by
liberals, it at least served to bring to the
trent certain situations whish are bound
to recur in othercounties. The "abolfeh
the bar" candidate wee avowedly not a
teetotaler, personally. For this reason ho
encountered opposition, or at least luke-
warmness, from a large number of aotive
temperance men, The question at once
arises: Is this to be the rule everywhere?
In other words, is every liberal who is
not personally a teetotaler to be inelf-
gible se a party candidate, or if ho be•
comes a candidate le he not to receive
the support of the temperance forces?
This is a far-reaohing question and rue
that will be heard many timers before
the next general election. If it is
answered in the affirmative the effect will
be to oanvert the liberal party into a
straight prohibition pnr.y. Along the
same line was another tendency revealed
in Bast Middlesex, namely, a tendency
for liberal workers as distinguished from
temperance workers to he lukewarm in
the support of an "abolish -the -bar" candi-
date, because ardent temperance men
(who were also Conservatives) insisted in
working and voting the other way. "Why
should we break our nooks for the tean-
perence cause, when temperance men
themselves are workingagainst it?" was
their expressed attitude of mind.
These conditions represent problems that
• Mr. Rowell iu his task hoe to solve. It
may be that they are not capable of so-
lution, or it may be .that a process of
readjustment of dose will -ensue. It 6e
this uncertainty that created a more than
usual interest in tho contest in East Mid-
dlesex. It is perhaps fair to say that a
victory for Mr. Rowell would have indi-
cated that the readjustment had already
begun, and that the Government's 11000M.
!dished
of aise 001 coming,, it has
not yet begun.
Mr. Rowell as a Tactician.
In commotion with the defeat, Mr.
Rowell has come iu for some criticism as
a tactioian. The critics say he should
not have endorsed Mr. Sutherland as a
candidate, and that if a straight liberal
had been nominated, Mr. Sutherland, who
had a personal feud with Mr, Neely, would
still have stayed in the field, thereby in.
creasing the ahanees for the liberal to
have won. But it le probably hie also -
lute sincerity and freedom from politi-
cal intrigue that is Mr. Roweli's strong-
est asset. Hie endorsation of Mr. Suther-
land may indicate that he pate tho
abolish -the -bar platform higher than
party and that when a candidate says he
will support that policy Mr, Rowell at
least propose0 to secant his word.
The Case of North Waterloo.
The result in North Waterloo is consid-
ered to be of leaser significance, At the
same time North Waterloo, while an ex-
treme, le not an isolated example of the
constituency where Mr. Rowell's policy
will scarcely make much headway. but
which will send representatives to the
Legislature just the same.
The announcement that Hr. Rowell has
appointed Mr. Main Johnston as confi-
dential secretary foreshadows new activ-
ity in the process of organizing the Prov
ince along -the line of the new policy.
Mr. Johnston 10 a very young man, but
is a live wire. He will. no doubt, be
heard from in many parts of the Prov-
ince during the next two or three years.
He is a Hamiltonian, just out of College
at Toronto. He is a ready speaker and
writer.
The Purity Crusade.
The crusade of Rev. R. B. St. Clair
against vice is bearing fruit. There aro
those who dislike Mr. St, Clair's methods
and might even hesitate to bo associ-
ated with him on account of the notori.
ety whish might follow, but who have
boon stirred into action by the conditions
disclosed by his revelations.
The teak of the discloser" is always
a distasteful one, but is absolutely essen.
tial before there can be any improvement
in conditions. It is literally true in To-
ronto that half the city does not know
how the other half lives. The ehureh-go•
Mg public knows nothing of the dissipa•
tions and vices of the under world. So
that Mr. St. Clair's acousatione and
revelations came with a shook to a great
many people. When his evidence in one
particular was substantiated by a judge
and otherwise it was inevitable that To.
route the Good should take notice. The
bolding of mass meetings and the forma-
tion of a strong organization composed of
many leading oitieans for the purpose of
carrying on a purity propaganda has
been the result.
In the fight against indecency ou the
stage, particularly in the burlesque thea.
tree, something may bo accomplished. The
i
evil here is open and s capable of sup-
pression. The objeotion that there may
be difference of opinion as to what is in -
donut and what is not does not hold
water. Any man with common sense and
backbone will never be puoslod for a min.
ot.e. The only problem will be to find
eueli a men who will act in the capa-
city of theatre censor. And when there
is any violation of the doceuaios a term
in prison for the actors, actresses and
theatre manager participating in the oa-
ourrence would soon clean up the stage.
The Soolal Evil.
When ft ibmes to the social evil the
r.
problem
Desn teO1e the offia al dousalo from pollee
polios
rem itis a feat that there i ts sort
00
of semi -tolerance pf some dire ratable
houses in Toronto. . That may not be
p
ting it quite fairly for the polka, for
they would say that they proeeoute just
es often as they can get evidence. At
the same time they know of the exist..
encs of those planes -acorea of them. Tho
reformers say; Suppress them entirely.
Objectors say that any more active pro•
retention than is at present carried on
would spread the canker all, over the
city into the best residential districts as
well as She down -town streets now affect-
ed. And even then they say it could not
be effected unless the whole .80,000 houses
In the city were put under police surveil-
lance, These are the two points of view.
Meanwhile, people are aeking if the epi.
thet, .Toronto the Good," isnot in dam,
ger of beim" changed to "Toronto the
Past."
An Amerlean Football Came.
On Thanksgiving Day a Toronto crowd
hod its first opportunityto Roo the Am-
erican game of footballwhen the Indi-
ans from the Car11010 Industrial School,
Pennsylvania, played a varsity 01d Boys
team under American rules. Toronto
scarcely knows whether it likes the Am•
ei'fean game or not, 11 perhaps diff not
help boot self esteem any that the
American Indians simply smothered the
local heroes, which was almost unavold•
able in view of the feet that the local
team was iinairganisod and was unfit.
litter with the American rntce,
At the same time there seems to be a
growing feelingthat something is wrong
with the 00narien game. Tholay is too
tooao, and there is leo little MMain play.
In other words, tt, is unsciontile. Cor.
Vainly gm Americans had Main play down
10 nerfeotioa.When they wont into ac.
tied, they moved like 'olook work, The
*hie! difference from the Canadian game
la that the men carrying the ball may bo
rot d 1 whole of the last o he
wGe U the f 1 f
P t
Y
tram moot h ahead 0 elm.' And they
did Amon hill 05 the near the
Var.
sity mon mould not get Haar too ball.
When they tried to do so they went down
like ten pins.
The Indians elfutted unstinted admire -
tion for their work. Their thief 'men,
Thorpe, is a marvel of physical pollee.
`lou, and the world's champion athlete.
But lierhaps .Canadian football furnish-
es n8 Just es much :fan ae the Americans
get out of their game. With them foot.
ball has beeomo a business. With us it
is still a recreation,
5
NO MORE WINTER COLDS.
Doctor Gives Advice on Important
Subject.
A wall -known physician, Dr, A.
T. Schofield, of London, England,
in a lecture at the Institute of Hy-
giene, on "How to Keep Healthy in
the Winter," gave some valuable
advice on a subject that is of inter-
est to everybody -the cure of an
ordinary cold.
Itis advice was simple and direct.
"To euro a cold," he said, "go into
a room where the temperature is 60
degrees, and stay there tall you are
better,"
According to Dr. Schofield, it is
all a question of keeping waren in
the right way.
This is the wrong way : Keep the
room free from air, stuff up every
crack and crevice, and heat the
house by ordinary fires.
The right way, as recommended
by Dr. Schofield, is to have hot air
pipes in all houses, and wear wool-
len garments next the skin.
Hot air pipes, declared the lec-
turer, warmed and ventilated a
room at the same time, and should
be installed in all workmen's dwell-
ings on the penny -in -the -slot sys-
tem.
"You must be warmdn bed if you
are to keep fit," he added, "and to
that end a hot-water bottle and the
like are excellent things."
Dealing with women's clothes,
Dr• Schofield said that for the first
time in forty years he could speak
in praise of the corset, for modern
corsetmakers were moulding the
corset to the figure, and not cramp-
ing the figure to the corset. An-
other welcome change was that wo-
men now wore wool next their skin,
and fewer voluminous skirts.
A new type of influenza, due to
the fog, which in its symptoms re-
sembles ptomaine poisoning, is oc-
cupying the attention of the London
doctors. One of the densest fogs of
recent years lately enveloped part
of the East End of London. At
noon West Ham was as black as
midnight, and work was temporar-'
ily suspended at the docks. Strange-
ly enough, in the city the sun shone
brightly at times.
"PROUD AND GLAD"
Because Mother Looked So Well
After Quitting Tea and Coffee.
A woman was almost distracted
with dyspepsia and heart trouble.
Like thousands of others, the
drug -caffeine -in coffee was slowly
but steadily undermining her nerv-
ous system and interfering with
natural digestion of food. (Tea is
just as injurious as coffee because
it contains caffeine, the poisonous
drug found in coffee.)
"For 30 years," she writes, "I
have used coffee. Have always
been sickly -had heart trouble and
dyspepsia with ulcers in stomach
and mouth so bad, sometimes, I
was almost distracted and could
hardly eat a thing for a week.
"I could not sleep for nervous-
ness, and when 1 would ]ie dawn at
night I'd belch up coffee and my
heart would trouble me. It was
like poison to me. I was thin -
only weighed 125 lbs., when I quit
coffee and began to use Postum.
"From the first day that belching
and burning in my stomach stop-
ped. I could sleep as soundly as
anyone and, after the first month,
whenever I met any friends they
would ask me what was making tee
so fleshy and looking so well.
"Sometimes, before I could an-
swer quirk enough, one of the chil-
dren or my hush.and would say,
'Why, that is what Postum is doing
for her' -they were all jfo proud
and glad. -
"When I recommended it to any-
one I always tell them to follow
direotione in making Postum, as it
is not good th taste if weak, but
fine when it has the flavor and rich
brown color." Name given by
Canadian Postum Co., Windsor,
Ont.
Read the little book, "The Road
to Wellville," in pkgs. "There's a
reason."
Ever read the above letter? A now one
appears from time to time. They ore
genuine, true, and tun of human Interest,
Too Appropriate.
Binks-I'm getting along fine;
doctor. You need not have stop-
ped in this morning.
Doctor -Oh, I was over to see
,Tones, and 1 thought I'd just drop
in and kill two birds with one
stone.
A Fatal Gift,
"I suppose you use the new tele-
phone your husband bought you a
great deal, don't you?"
Oh, yes; I bought twenty other
things the first day with it."
Self-respect is what wine reaped
festa others.
II IIIQIIIIIIII(IItIi jiO!J QI BIRO I IN •
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NCI
BOER OF DEATHS PER 1000
LIVL'S DIFFER IN QUALITY AS
IN LENGTH.
Life Insurance Companies Figure
the Average Life of Human
Beings.
If you ware told to figure out the
problem of human life and deter-
mine the average age at which men
die you would probably declare it
impossible to do so with any de-
gree of accuracy. But there's
where you are mistaken, for on the
solution of that very problem the
great life insurance companies base
all their financial strength. By
knowing to. a mathematical certain-
ty just how long the average man
will live they are able to Inc an equi-
table rate of insurance and main-
tain sufficient funds to meet all just
claims, and -what is vitally impor-
tant -earn interest meantime, says
the Chicago Tribune,
Contrary to the general belief,
life insurance companies are not
taking any great chances, for all
their calculations and rates are
based on ascertained facts, as re-
vealed by millions of carefully col-
lated cases, showing the average
number of deaths per 1,000 among
various classes. Quoting the rate
for a policy is no blind, haphazard
operation, but one having a sound
acturial basis. For, while indivi-
dual life is ever an uncertain quan-
tity, oolleotive life is subject to a
mysterious law of average, which
enables the companies to transform
into a practical scientific certainty
what would otherwise remain a per-
fect lottery.
These vital statistics are called
mortality tables, of which there are
several. Lives differ in quality as
in length, and there is a great dif-
ference between that of the clergy-
man and the saloonkeeper. There
is also a big difference in the qual-
ity and length of the lives of gro-
cers and opal miners, servant girls
and wives of wealthy mon.
Average Life.
The calculation of your life is
eimple. Let us .suppose you are 30
years old. Deduct that from 80;
then deduct a third from the result.
That makes your expectation of life
approximately 38 years, although
you should live to be 66. Of course,
you may live longer or die sooner.
But this is your average, the basis
of any life -insurance contract.
Insurance oompanies, dealing
with colossal sums, must obviously
make their money work -yield the
maximum of interest, And they
command some of the finest finan-
cial talent available -keen, experi-
enced men, knowing all the mar-
kets, always on the alert for a fi-
nancial bargain. Controlling vast
sums in liquid cash, constantly aug-
mented by current receipts, they
are in the bust position to deal at
the closest prices and at the psycho-
logical moment of depression or
panic. Moreover, they are doubly
strong, because they can always se-
lect their own time, both for buying
and selling. What the power of in-
terest means may be gathered from
two striking foots -ono or two com-
panies can meet all their liabilities
out of their interest fund alone; a
certain big company earns over
$20,000,000 a year in interest alone.
During the last 25 years the pub-
lic has paid abort $2,000,000,000 in
insurance premiums, while the com-
panies have paid their policyholders
about $2.800.000. Whence these
surplus millions? They have re-
sulted from the accumulative poten-
tialities Pf compound interest.
The Colossal Power
of that process is hu.morously illus-
trated by a statement made by an.
insurance expert: "Had my ances-
tors in A,D, 1 invested for me two
cents at five per cont. compound in-
terest, I shoulcl have received in
1910 a little cheque for $75,762,626,-
113,125,000, 000, 000, 000, 000, 000,000."
75,762,626,-113,125,000,000,000,000,000,000,000."
Obviously I leave to hien the re-
sponsibility of these figures, which
I have not checked. Although ie
may be exaggerated, this example
fairly demonstrates the potentiali-
ties of compound interest over long
periods.
The, essence of insurance. is fore -
eight, the adequate provision for
eontiugsneies and oven possible dis-
aster, TIM is why the oompaniet
usnal)y charge in the.ps'ensinnls terl-
leeted an extra a,mouln.t to meet any
Unexpected en,11 on the fund.% and
also for any slight miscalculation
in their estimates. The interest
earned may bo less than antici-
pated; more people may die during
the year than the average indicat-
ed; expenses may be higher. To
asset these possible Circumstances,
the policy is loaded with an extra
amount. More frequently than not
is found that such precautions were
not necessary, but this merely
means that the money is available
for increasing the bonus, reducing
the premiums, or for strengthening
the reserve.
-While the management expenses
of each company must obviously
vary aecording to the class and
magnitude of the business tran-
sacted, and also the financial and
administrative ability of the direc-
tors and officers, it remains true
that the sources of profit aro
Praetically the Sasne,
the amount of interest earned on
the accumulated funds available for
investment, by the working ex-
penses being below what have been
estimated and provided for ; by the
death rate being below the calculat-
ed percentage; by the lapsing and
surrender of a certain proportion of
the contracts.
As regards the policies lapsing,
this occurs when the policyholders'
cireumatanees compel them to cease
paying premiums, taking the actual
surrender value of the policy as se-
curity. Many people suppose that
the companies' interest is to see
policies lapse. They do, of course,
make a profit out of the lapses, but
that is not always very substantial,
certainly not when the lapse occurs
within two or three years of the
issuance of the policy, for the ex-
pense of securing the business, com-
mission, oto., does not leave much
margin.
When the premiums have been
paid for a, considerable time a pol-
icy need not be allowed to lapse,
for its holder can claim a surrender
value, which varies from a third to
half of the total premiums paid.
Of Bourse, th.e terms offered by the
various eompanies differ materially,
but where a man has paid, say, fif-
teen premiums of $75 each, he may
depend upon receiving back from
the $1,715 paid in from $375 to $450
in cash. Or he can accept a fully
paid-up policy for a smaller
amount, so that he will still secure
a proportionate benefit without any
further payment of premiums. One
of the most valuable features of in-
su.ranee is that the companies are
usually able and willing to adapt
their policies to the actual needs of
insurants and on strictly equitable
terms.
4'
Hamilton Scottish societies pro-
pose a monument to Burns.
MISURANCE AGENCY
Spare time and energy invest-
ed in aDIRECT AGENCY will
bring in an Income for life.
No capital required. Previ-
ous experience not necessary.
Apply for an agenby of --
Gresham life Assurance Sooloty
(Funds, 580,000,000. 331stab. 1648)
-and of the --
Dominion Gresham Guarantee
&r Casualty Company
Head Offices for Canada :
802 St. James St., MONTREAL.
-d
st sits
ICNDS constitute a First
Mortgage Investment,
yielding (ram s to 6%, giving
equal security and income
yield, without the trouble and
expanse, incidental to the
drawing of mortgages and
collection of interest.
This is ONE reason why
Banks, Trust •Companies,
Estates, and Public Service
Corporations buy Bonds.
We have on hand, at an
times, WW1( lee suitable for
the safe investment of fends.
J. A. MACKAY & COMPANY
LIMITED
guardian Bldg, Royal Bank Bide.
iviottrRIEAL TORONTO
ntseittottnaninstnicannanannzatancemna
>
"REA.DY, AY; ORADY."
,
This Is Nature's s , 'o
sotto, Says PSDf,
William Stirling.
The average mall's senso of his
own importance will be immensely
luoreased when be reads what Pro-
fessor William Stirling, of Man-
chester, England, University, had
to say about the eontonts of the
body at the opening of the physio-
logy lectures at the university.
The floor of the ordinary dining -
room, for instance, is, in point of
superficial area, a small affair coin -
pared with the area of the lungs
which is exposed to. the air.
"The air cells may amount to
300,000,000," said Professor Stir-
ling, "giving a •superficial area ex-
posed to the air and the blood film
in the inmost recesses of the lungs
equal to 200 square yards, through
which the exchanges of the gases
of the air and .those of the blood
take place."
Every organ in the body bo -
comes a fascinating wonder when
seen through Professor Stirling's
spectacles.
"Each human kidney," he said,
"contains, roughly, 450,000 mioro-
seopic filters, making 900,000 in all
and a corresponding number of
primary drainage tubes, The pig's
kidneys have at least 1,000,000 such
filters.
"In connection with this filter-
ing apparatus in man there are at
least 4,500,000 microscopic vessels
inside the filtering apparatus, and
these in their turn give rise to 11,-
250,000 intraglomerular capillary
vessels through which the filtering
of water takes place.
"A more formidable problem
confronts us. in the study of the
liver -the largest gland in the body,
weighing about 4% pounds on an
average.
"It is an immense aggregation of
cells, arranged in lobules, each lo-
bule being about a millimetre in
diameter, so that there are over
1,100,000 similar chemical factories
united in one great chemical and
metabolic factory, all enclosed with-
in one common capsule.
"The number of cells in the liver
amounts to 350.000.000,000, supplied
by ]00,000,000.000 `Tibular blood ves-
sels, while the capillaries in the
bile drainage system number 700,-
000.000,000.
"The internal combustion princi-
ple is an approach to what obtains
in the animal body. The muscles
are the motor apparatus. In the
motor apparatus itself is generated
the energy for the production of
heat and movement. The blond
stream supplies both the material,
fuel and the energy. and into it are
discharged the waste products and
the superfluous energy which is
nsed to heal other parts of the or-
ganism.
"Moreover, Nature's reserves in
the individual are extraordinary.
Apparently -without the slightest ef-
fort, she can meet the demands
made on her. She can double the
number of beats of the heart, accel-
erate the, respirations, and increase
the supply of the digestive juices to
meet the demands that are made -
often quite unexpectedly. 'Ready,
aye ready!' is Nature's motto."
3t
SOUTH AFRICANS TRAVEL.
People Much Taken With Cheap
Excursions Idea.
Not only is passenger traffic: in-
ereasing in short -distance trains,
but the taking of holiday trips,
lengthy railway journeys to the
coast or from the coast -inland, is
becoming snuoh more common
among among an ever -widening cir-
cle. The passenger traffic between
the Rand and Durban this season
is phenomenal and the excursions
to the Victoria Falls have been ex-
tensively patronized, while week -
week -end visits to places of easy ac-
cess from the larger towns snag now
be regarded as permanently popu-
lar.
There are doubtless many reasons
for this increased desirs for travel
and its gratification, not the least
important being the low rates at
which excursion traffic is now run
and the 'excellent arrangements
ma.cle by the railway administration
for the conveyance and convenience,
of passenger's. -
8'
Counting the Cost.
I ,shovel coal upon the fire,
And mutter as it starts fA burn,
There goes another sixty cents
That I worked mighty hard to
earn.
Bill Was tetchy.
Tall Guest -"Didn't you have a
good time at Bill' -s-nuptials?"
Little Guest -"Naw ! Threw fif-
teen big shoes and didn't hit hien
once.''
Doctor -"Machan, your husband
must have absolute rest," airs.
Chart "Well, (looter, lre,won't lis-
ten to me," Doctor ---"A very geed
beginning, madam, a very good be-
ginning.
Janlrs "I See that young :Noodle
and Miss Sharp have made a, match
of it. He's got no head ab all, but
she's a clever girl," Griggle --y
"Well, you can't' cxjsect a motor
to have two heads to it."
a
w
tC
!'
6'