The Brussels Post, 1924-7-9, Page 7The
Automobile
KIiiIW AUTO UNG -INTO COOi,.
The prinolplo of enghae,creding end
Why it Is necessary for a cooling eye
-
temt1 i properly
in
tem tobe lune on ng P P Y,
every automobile are among the things
motorists should understand. The
automobile engine derives its power
from heat, A =ergs of gasoline,
;nixed with air, le taken into the cyl-
inder of the engine in a comparative-
ly cool state,
In tho cylinder it is compressed and
ignited. As It burns The temperature
is greatly increased and the pressers
in that cylinder 'increases in propor-
tion to the increase in the tempera-
ture,
POWPR. r'o1I DIUVING,
Thus power is derived for driving
the machine, . However, the excessive
temperature, which runs up to about
8,000 Fahrenheit, beats the working
parts of the ongine-.-that is, the pis-
tons and cylinders—to =eh a degree
that unless solve of the heat is dissi-
pated it would be impossible to main-
tain a film of oil between these work-
ing parts. Consequently they would
bind or stick and the engine would
not run.
The metal parts forming the com-
bustion chamber also would get so
hot that the incoming charge of fuel
would be ignited when contracting
with them: If the engine could run
at all under this condition consider-
able power would be lost.
It is necessary, therefore, to carry
of enough heat to keep the working
parts at a temperature that will per-
mit proper lubrication and insure con-
trol of the ignition. On this account
every automobile is provided with a
cooling system.
Two systems of cooling an auto
engine, namely, by air and by water,
are in common use. In the air-cooled
system the heat is carried away from
the cylinders by a steady stream of
air, which is caused to flowover the
cylinders. The efficiency of this op-
eration is increased by providing
many projections or fins on the cylin-
ders, which, in turn, provide a large
area for the air to act upon. Thus
these is ready exit for the heat of the
engine.
While in the water-cooled system
the air carries off the heat as in the
air-cooled system, it does so indirect-
ly. The heat is absorbed from 'the
cylinders bTwater carried in jackets
surrounding the cylinders. The water
then flows to the radiator, where the
air extracts the heat from it.
To maintain a circulation of water
It pump is uually empioyed This
pump takes this water that has boon
i • t end sends it
t the lidera a e
limited E C I
Y
to the radiator. Here it travels
alpassageswh
through Maly small which
are surrounded by air educes: ecu
sequently, they' is a large evil of
surface with which air can Pomp in
eontaet with this water and a fan is
esusily employed to keep the air in
rapid circulation, flinch of the heat
therefore, extracted from the water
and it is possible • to return compara-
tively cool water to the cylinders to
pick op more heat, In this fashion
the sailing process is accomplished.
GR1VTg5T VSPICI414eY,
In order to gperato at its greatest
efficiency the ongine should be rather
waz'm when running, • because what-
ever heat is carried off is not turned
into power, If the engine is over-
cooled its power is decreased, To care
for this matter a car may be provided
with a visible thermometerin its
radiator and with hitters,. by means
of which the amount of air circulation
through the radiator can be eon -
trolled,
A car may be equipped with a ther-
mostat in the water system, which
automatically opens or closes the
shutters as the engine gets too hot
or too cold, Or a thermostat may be
used which operates a valve control-
ling the amount of water or the speed
of the water that flows to the water
jacket,
A modification of the water-cooling
system is the "thermo-siphon" system
in which no pump is used. In this
system the radiator is made larger,
the water jackets surrounding the
cylinders are of greater capacity and
the pipes connecting the two are larg-
er in diameter. This system depends
for its operations upon the principles
that cold water is heavier, than hot and
therefore, the water as it is 'heated
in the water jackets rises, and as it
is cooled in the radiator, falls, all of
which tends to keep it in circulation.
An advantage ofthis system lies
in the fact that the speed of circula-
tion is proportionate to the heat ab-
sorbed from the engine. It, there-
fore, tends to keep the engine at a
more even temperature under all con-
ditions than can be accomplished
through the use of a pump. A dis-
advantage lies in the liability to an
easy stoppage, because there is no
great force to keep the water in cir-
culation.
A recent photograph of Gaston Doumergue, elected president of Prance
by the National assembly,
A Sonnet.
My twilight garden waits Pie Ina hush
More poignant than the silvery lighted
moon,
Or when each plant beconmes a burn-
ing bush .
Reflected from the climbing tide of
noon,
f walk therein, I prop and water them
These miracles in leafy spur aid hood.
Sometimes they seem to brush my gar-
ment's hem
With au unspoken meaning: gratitude,
A sense of homely memories we share,
The days we fought and worsted flood
or drouth,
Our sadness when November stalks
blow bare
Or wiiting winds are sultry from the
south,
A teat—ts' It a finger?--•tduebes me,
As 1 hiove pest, dumb yet remindingiy,
A Kick.
Top Plat Tauarntw-- Soo here, Mite
Nightingale, you've got to stop Sing•
Ing after sun down, or find another
lied"
L_
The Beggar's Journal.
Although It Is common knowledge
that newspapers and weekly journals.
are published for all sorts and classes,
of folk, not many people realize that
'here Is In Parts one daily journal the
circulation of which is confined ex
elusively to mendicants,
Onla limited number of hecto-
graph copies of this journal are issued
for Parisian beggars, who, by the wee.
also have their tabor union, and their
labor dues, like every other trade,
These copies are dietributoci among
the various eistrtet headquarters re
the metropolis.
\Vbat sort or news does the "i3eg-
gers' Journal" contain?: Well, . 1t con-
tains tips of ,tilt sorts for nienciieants,
For One thing, there are dompltite lists
of the baptisms, weddings, and flame'
Sts due to take place cacti day, ea that
t ea floc out whore to go 1t
the Uegg u u l d h
he wants to ply, hie trade successfully,
For the" benefit of ' begging•letter
writers a spoefal'olumn Is set asitia
for noting this arrivals and departures
at per:sone known for 'thotr charitable
tendencies, and inendlcante give each
other useful hints in it seettan set
aside for correspondence.
1f you ever go to Parts end sudden-
ly tlnd yourself besieged with fippti;
catkins by post for ilnanetai 'asstet•
once you may take it as a greet .eou1-
Aliment, It will moan that yon have
been marked drown by those who are
gniultiod to judge as ono of the Gond
Samaritans of Mc world.
Why are we so glacir,,,ollt and take
our turns to prattle, waren so rarely'
We get back to the stronghold of our
silence with an unwounded con-
scienee"?--Thomas A. Kemple.
W- AN THE WORST IS YET TO COME
in V/
Arw'elttny'fah
The Sea's Black Treasure. •
Coal Is one of the countless things
that are lost at sea, especially near
ports. Anda port that is poorly shel-
tered from storms and wind is often
the burying ground of many coal
barges.
Such a spat is Newport, in Narra-
gansett Bay,,Idass, The bay, being ex-
posed, gives little shelter to anion
shipping.
Frequently convoys of coal barges,
bound front Long Island to Newport,
get separated, and one or more are
wrecked in the bay.
But now an enterprising American
sailor is making a profitable living by
retrieving this coal from the .ocean
bed and selling It.
He bought a boat and fitted a spe-
cial boons to the mainmast. At the end
of the boom Is a huge one -ton "orange -
peel" bucket, This type of bucket
has four gigantic fingers, which force
themselves through the coal and then
Close together when drawn up.
Having discovered the spot where a
barge has sunk, this ingenious man
lets down his bucket and dre s up the
coal e, ton at a time until his Oalds are
full.
Coal` is apparently unharmed by Im-
mersion in sea water, and, in fact, it
seems to burn more brightly than or-
dinary coal.
A Child's. Picture -Music.
Music often makes an appeal to
children of a kind that older people
cannot feel at all. -Only recently a
girl of ten or eleven years old, the
daughter of a famous •cartoonist, who
had been through her flrst.eterse with
the classics, as a reward for her indus-
try was presented with a new piece of
music, the back' outside sheet .of
which was, entirely unprinted; a
beautiful white sheet'0f paper. After
a while her silence and apparent ignor-
ing of the new music attracted atten-
tion. Instead of being at the piano
she was sitting at a table and, looking
over her shoulder, her governess dis-
covered the white covering sheet now
full of heads of alt kinds sketched in
a few lines and bearing under each of
them the name of some composer:
Mozart, Haydn, Beethoven, Banh, Men-
delssohn, and so on. And, although'
they were far from being- portraits,
the character of the mesio of each of
them was admirably presented, She
had learnt more about the men them-
selves front their music than she
would have done from a photograph.
Carry'; piece of tough canvas in
your tool box, In an -emergency it1
makes an excellent. patch when dou-
blee twice and caught and held by
ire ritn,
Hunting wvltl a.Sar
era brings
hunter into more :. intimate contact
with nature than hunting with a gun.
Getting, a good picture of -a living•wild.
animal requires so much more skill
than killing it with a bullet that it is
presumptuous to regard heads or pelts
as of equal rank as sporting trophiee
with photographs of menials in their
native wilds,
Why Cigar Smoke is Blue.
Tobacco, when smoked, release& a
certain amount of half -consumed pro -
duet in the term of smoke.
With very good tobacco, either as
cigar, cigarette, or in a pipe, the par-
ticles of thle smoke are inconceivably
tiny, and therefore they oat0h only the
shorter wave -lengths of light. These
wave -lengths are blue, so it follows
Met the smoke of a good cigar, as seen
in bright light, reflects a bluish color.
Cigar smoke, when seen between
the eye and the sun, no longer re-
flects, but shows in its true color as a
sort of dark brown...
It the smoke is taken into the mouth
it cools, and the little particles join In-
to larger ones, so that they no longer
catch the blue waves only but the
whole light, and so appear white or
colorless.
Inferior tobaccos, too, give off larger
particles of smoke, which also fail to
catch the blue waves only.
Bird meters.
The cat is not the only creature that
foretells rain.
Malt birds are restless when a
change in the weather is likely.
Guinea -fowls and peacocks shriek, par-
rots 'whistle mare shrilly thau usual,
and pigeons return to their homes
when rain is exlrected. GuIIs are dis-
turbed and utter mournful cries wean
a,etorm is at hand. _... An old rhyme tells us that fowls
roll in the sand when rain is at hand,
and many country folk get out their
wet -weather garments when they see
their hens gathering together and
trimming their feathers. When ducks
are very busy on the ponds, flying
backwards and .forwards, and splash-
ing large' quantities of water over
their backs, it may be taken for grant-
ed
ranted that rain is hear.
'When a skylark soars very high the
weather is likely to remain fine, and
if swallows in the evening are seen
chasing insects in the heavens rather
than close to the ground the same con-
clusion may be drawn,
Unpolite Debtor.
Dentist's wife' (to husband who .has
been to collect an account for a full
50t of false teeth ): "Well, did he pay
Fee?"
Dentist --"Fay me, Not only did he
refuse to pay Pte, but he actually had
the effrontery to gnash at me ---with
my teeth."
OPEN LETTERS TO A FARMER
By Iter. M. V, Kelly, 0,8,0,
(Continued frena last week)
the city beep eglar Or, the s cevote
sible for each fanjlly beoonles lesel
there s Rend etater e1 r or be-
hind the houteti ohlldren cannot M -
ways be imprisoned; 1t they have
spent the day in it sallool or shop or
oMee, it to Cruelty to close them tip et
homes during the remaining hours;
there le nothing left but the street.
There their recreation meet be taken
with all kinds of company At the pre-
5ent day the house 1s giving place to
tem flat, In a tenement, six or eight
stories high, the family takes a smite
of rooms. These and the use of a
steiz'way leading to tate street are.
positively all they can call their own.
Other families, God knows from where
and with what reputation, are above
and below and across the passage
from them. The very conditions bring
itabout that they spend in their quar-
ters
uareters only the time given to eating and.
sleeping. How is home training to be
carried en, How is family life pos-
sible? Do not think the picture over-
drawn. If you have never been in
New York, for example, it hasprob-
ably not occurred to you that there
aro no resldenoes.there, With the ex-
ception of a few hundred wealthy
families, the entire population of three
or four millions live in data, Do you
tbink young people growing up in aueh
circumstances are likely to be as in-
terested in their home, es affectionate
to ono another, or dutiful to their par-
ente, as watchful over their conduct,
as mindful of God and their own soul,
as regular in their prayers, as issidn-.
ons fe the uses of their time, as select
in their company, as you would wish
to have them?
XL
Home -Life impossible,
It w sa OSMIUM remtn
de1Of a
great blahop that, While all ltfu•ds of
societies come into existence around
as, God Himself had founded only two
Ills olrureb and the family. Next to
Ills eistabltshment of tee Christian
Church comes Fits great week of In'
stituting the Christian hoarse, Ne
other truth Is more generally accepted
titan this. All etasses azul conditions
acknowledge the necessity o1 home
training. No one hesitates to gay that,
without a home influence, aCbools and
colleges are almost ,powerless for
good,
You understand all this thoroughly,
of 000150, but have You realized how
great a difficulty there is in pre:erv-
Ing the advantages of a home in cftles
at all? Perhaps you have heard the
now very common remark that in
thousands and tens of thousands of
oases members of city families trent
their father's house as little more than
a boarding-house. Such a thing as
Wally lite is no longer aimed at by
such people; even under conditions
the most favorable, family life is main -
tabled with the greatest difficulty.
There are a thousand reasons for this.
They are separated luring all the
working hours; when the evening
meal is finished, there is an excuse for
being out again. it is the need of
fresh air, or the temptation to seek
places of amusement, or it 1a frequent-
ing the far -too -frequent social event.
They have been so tittle with their
Parents even as children, that neither
father or mother has gained proper
authority over them; having ceased to
be children, they go out without eon-
suiting their parents' wishes. The
good-natured mother hurrying herself
that sapper may be waiting the mo-
ment they return from work, knowing
full well that just as quickly as the
working clothes can be changed for
something more presentable, they will
be off for the remainder of the even
Ing, is a picture sad to contemplate,
but so terribly ewntnon as to no long-
er horrify nor even surprise anyone.
Much sadder still, and not less com-
mon, is the other story of a mother
watching the late hours go by slowly,
and unable to sleep because that boy
is not yet in. It Is. past midnight anti
she heare every step on the sidewalk,.
because she dares to hope that surely
this is be at last. Night after night
the experience is repeated, but neither
her wishes, her commands, nor her
tears make any change in bis conduct,
In cities, also, conditions of exist-
ence very often make home life im-
possible, In the struggle to get along,
the family are obliged to rent rooms
or keep boarders. Privacy Is done
away witb. The home Is more or less
a public house, With strangers al-
ways among -them, parents cannot
correet or control their children, As
Now, my dear farmer friend, Is not
this something altogether foreign to
your notion of a home. The poorest
cottage in a eatery place assmrse
privacy. Moreover, it is never without
surroundings in which the young may
more in freedom and safety. Usually
the faintly are together at work and
play; their amusements are rarely
abroad; the conscientious father or
mother always know of their where-
abouts. They assemble for prayer, no
less than for msals. Their worldly
interest week, days, as well as their
Sunday church -going, are 10 common.
Are you ready to give up all these
with the prospect of trying to main-
tain a home and family life in the city?
Perhaps you are going to answer:
"Should I decide to move, I shall
cheese a smaller city, where houses
and grounds are always available,"
What guarantee does that give your
children? Will they live and die in
that small city? Will they be allowed -
to live there? Because of the posi-
tion they may ell, a transfer elsewhere
is always a likely prospect. Your own
children may escape a New York city
flat: can you save your grandchildren
from it?
(To be aoutinued).
Chloroform evaporates rapidly;
therefore, a bottle containing it should
be kept tightly corked and placed up-
side down itt a can or box to prevent
the escape of rising fumes and the
overturning ve ruing of the bottle.
Next to Russia and the United
States, Canada has the largest forest
resources in the world. Care is taken
to preserve the timber supply by aero;
plane, scouting', wireless telegraphy,
portable telephones and power pumps,
replanting, prevention of pests, tar-
ot product laboratories, stricter
legislation, and Dominion and .provin-
cial reserves.
-°fins.• / / �•, Z,�,
seeettet{9i w'5bytg i
,A
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Fbb
eat, x
In
e.
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nr `. t;a t, -;
•e/� _plk v u ]pa h�
' Parr Isi'N.w-yy a.•
LOCATION OF WIIANGeL ISLAND
Tin num above Makatea not truly the relative position of iVrangel Is-
land, but also Its strategic lntpor'tanco when airplane andairship trellis "over
the top" between Europe, America tied Asia becomes a commercial reality.
Mrs, William A. Dupuy, first woman broadcaster of news- events, photo-
graphed while broadcasting for the Democratic campaign from WRC, Wash-
ington.
The Listener.
It is the mule I hear through your
strong, lark door that I want; •
Not your tire; not your bread.
I shall not touch your bell, or be an
your clear -stop
If ever yen open to look for me, cr for
another,
1 shall take only what is my awn, and
never when you know;
•
It is the musts I hear through your
strong, dark door that I want,
--Plorence G. Jenuey.i
-1 ^----
A Need Laek to Pick,
The f ah b
/ate J rt Scribner, •a menthes
et the New York her a generation ago,
was totally bald, Speaking to Joseph
ill. Choate one day about the oppioach-
ing marriage of one of the Vanderbilts
to a foreign noblemen, he remarked,
"Mt would be absurd to glve a Vander,
bilt a rectae gift. I should like to find
something, eat intrinsically valuable,
but int -emoting bocauee it is rare,"
"teething easier,'aolm" Itis. Choate
retitled. "Just send her a lock of your
hair,"
Youngest Frenoh Senator,
The yoitagest Prertrh senator, 'e..
'Weenier, just els-cleft for the Gard
17et-artmen 1, oa1t reached' the mini-
mum age lime, 90 lois'"tuoitlis age
"Babies cry for *the annla reason as
young. lambs cry," say., a well-known
doeter; "they 'want their mothers,"
i
i'
1
tar► se
1"I hear Marie is married. ill she
find the ideal she has been looking tar
for Yeats?"
i "No. She's bolting around > harder
luau ever unw."
To An Elder.
What have �
� e ,roe to show
Beside ttght self-content
To prove that 1 should go
The way you went?
11 im your eyes is shown
Tour journey, 1 should say
That Beauty le notknown
_Along that way,
Mavis MacIntosh.
We should not judge of a mri3"s
merit by his good qualities, but by
the use he tan make of them,
WONDERS Qin
WEMEL Y
•
M
Outside the Burma iall at
Wembleyley
Stands a golden flagstaff surmounted
by a gilded cock: nem tIM top of tee
staff, a Strip 11 creanmcolored cloth
fa suspeuclect by a oord, This cloth
shoul.d really be repIicod by to repllea
of a serpent, wliicla has not yet: ar.
rived
Every Burmeao village pos8Oaaea
one of these poles; which aro used as
a refuge by people who believe they
are being attaekd. by•evll spirits, says
en Hoglish writer, It is quite a 0002 -
mon sight in Burma to 5e0 a crowd of
tremblieg natives buddled round the
base of tee village -pore.
Those who have reason to be ape•
Mae frightened of an angry spools
swarm as izigh Pup the pole as they Ma
climb and remain clinging in this on.
comfortable position all night.
How the Snake Charmer' Works,
In moat Oriental cotrntries the snake
Is looked upon with a mixture of fear
and veneration. Time, the Tibetan
:make charmer, who lives close bY, in-
formed me that if he were to kill a
snake hie power over these animals
would be gone for .ever. "But," he
added, with a twinkle in his eye,
"this does not mean that I cannot see
range for their death,"
The snake charmer proceeded to
give me a dentoustration, In his na-
tive country he fo hired by a harassed
landlord to get rid of snakes in the
same way as a rat poisoner is engaged
in England. Armed only with a bas -
bet and hie peculiar reed pipe, he sets
forth into the long grass. As the
snakes leave their lairs and glide to-
wards the music, the snake charmer
seizes them and .puts then, into the
basket. Perhaps twenty or thirty may
be placed to one basket,
Magid
"At the end of the day," concluded
the Tibetan saalee charmer, opening a
basket into which he had previously
placed three formidable looking rep-
tiles, "all happen like this."
The basket was empty.
"Eat each otb.or," explained the
charmer politely, "All fight until
ead."
The snake charmer turned his back
for a moment and miracutouely pro-
duced tbe three reptiles.
"Snakes no kin at Wembley," he
announced with a provoking smile.
"Too expensive:"
Just outside the Burma Hall is a
carved wood building with seven ter-
raced roofs, which houses an image of
Buddha, tbe national god. You can
tell tbat this is the house of a king,
because only royalty may have seven
roofs above their heads.
The main building is also a royal
residence, but a miner hall represents
the home of a lesser nobleman, for it
has only three roofs. The ordinary
man in the street is sliowed only one.
Padlock as Charm.
It is a long way from Burma to ere
geria, but at Wembley one can make
the journey in a few minutes, There
I was allowed. to enter the Native Vil-
lage, which is closed to the general
public. 1 thought at first that I was
paying a visit to some very enlighten-
ed natives, for the way to the various
institutions was pointed cut by neat
English 'sign beards, However, a na-
tive explained to me through an inter-
preter that none of them knew what
the boards were for, but they thought
they looked very pretty.
T notloed that they have adopted one
valuable European invention, Every
door was securely padlocked. One
native, in fact, who had no door to his
house, had taken the precaution to
nail a padlock to the door -post, no
doubt. as a charm against burglars,
•
9 --
Natural Resources Bulletin.
The Natural Resources Intelligence
Service of the Department of the
Interior at Ottawa says:
It has been said that but for the
birds man would soon starve to death,
as insects multiply so rapidly .that
they would early overrun the earth
and devour everything edible. Birds
are the natural enemies of insects,
and as they have voracious
appetites,
ppe .,
they devour a tremendous .quantity
of man's worst enemies,
The fernier, as well as the city resie
dent, is commencing to appreciate
what the birds are doing for him, and
is Iess antagonistic to them. In the
olden days every i'armer had a gun
awaiting the arrival of the birds, and
many of them were shot dew whin
doing the work which the farmer
could not do --saving his food supply.
Have you ever watched a robin on
the lawn, and wondered what he did
with all the insects and worms he
picked up? The robin eats is tcertain
a
seasons of the year about double its
weight in Insects s,nd worms every
.day. His diener hour is continuous,
commencing at sunrise and not finish-
ing until after sunset; he works long
hours, digging and picking, to pro-
vide food for his family. Apart front
its benefit to man as a savior of his
crops, what is more int4erel+titlg than
,to watch the wild birds as they go
from place to plate, from tree to tree,
singing or chirping meanwhile? ' e
birds give their prote'tivo service b
man without charge•—they este np pay
oxe pt to be of alone.. And the .faun-
9r is wise who will let his gun rus'+t
out behind the kitchen door befol ire
turns it upon his best friends—the
birds.
He who ceases -�
t s to peaty ceases ts►
proepen,
•