Loading...
The Brussels Post, 1920-2-19, Page 7e and passengers. It may have a great many more devices of one sort and another, but unless it has the ones enumerated it will not get far, and °minimally you see a •car running / around with little more than the list 1, given. . I - • To phrase your purchase a little 1 differently, you have a (hassle, called in a wagon the running gear, a motor !'. and a body. The chassis is made of angle iron or steel, usually, riveted into a shape designed to carry the ' LI other parts. The steel frame rests upon springs to partly absorb rond ehoeks; the springs bear upon the axles. On the axles are wheels pro- vided with tires to absorb more of the road >hocks. Incidentally you Get Acquaintiel With Your Car, You have just bought the new ear, Mr. Owner, or maybe it was a 11A(.+1 car which you selectedbut, do you know just what it is that you here? If not, you have a lot to learn. Whether it be a limousine or a runabout, itis simply a steel frame on whecils, upon which are placed a molar with devices for connecting it to the rear, or drive, wheels, a fuel tank, an ,Ignielon system and certain levers and pedals to regulate the en. gine speed and a steering wheel and its connectiops. Also there is some sort of a body with seats for driver -.4 • springed crshians to get rid, for com- fort's sake, of more road shocks. The axles, unlike on a wagon, are both fixed rigid, that is neither front nor rear swings for turning. The rear axle is in two parts, revolving in a houeing and joined in the centre byadifferential, differential, a gear device which permits the two parts to turn at dif- fereet ipeeds in turning a corner. This is necessary, since the outer wheel in turring travels a greater distance!, and were there no allow - time for this one or the other rear tirw would drag over the ground and wear. Other 1:ses will bo discussed leer. The differential housing is kept from twisting by n greque tube or rod which is fastened to the frame; to keep the rear axles at right angles to the frame there are radius rods to tie them to the frame. The front axle really is not an axle bet a part of the frame and the axles consist of a sterling knuckle sus- pended in a yoke at the emls of the peendo axle and the evhea' 'urn on tapered spindles forget with the knuckles. The latter ars connected with a tie rod, which makes them act together, and a turn buckle keeps the, wheels approximately parallel. They are not exactly parallel since they, undergather to bring the load over the centre of the knuekle, for • strength, and this calls for a slight foregather, that is, the wheels toe in, to keep them from wobbling too much. 11 brings a slight pressure on each wheel sinVlar to that of the water on the bow of n beat and makes steer- ing easy. .Neither the foregather nor undergather are to be excessive, for thereat; a slight wear occasioned; off - et, however, by the advantages of keeping a straight track. A. steering wheel and mechanism control the front wheels. Brake drums are attached to the rear wheels, with inside and outside bands with appliances to tighten them against the drums, giving friction to slow or stop the car. These are con- nected to levers and pedals for use by the driver. 'WHAT CONSTI- TUTES WEALTH? MONEY IS NOT WEALTH, STRICTLY SPEAKING. Upon the chassis frame forward rests the motor, bolted fast, For- Remedy For Present Scarcity evar oouled motor, with cpnneet- of Wealth Lies in Our Own Hands. ward of this hi the radiator, if it be ing pipes te the motor water jachet, The rolling system may be by pump or theme eapeoe, and in a feet casae It will come tie a taloa in mold ' motors Llre sir cooled, The nim is to people to be told that Money, 415,01 141 ! keep 1/10 motor just cool enough to vast SlltiltIt1015, le not wealth, ; keep the lubricating otil from burning 'Oh" they say, "look ot Sue:ma-so: o n the cylinder walls, I He's a millionaire! Do you mean to I is To supply the a carburetor, which mixes air and i Everybody agrees that the million - motor with fuel there Hay that he isn't a wealthy 1114111?" gasoline in proper proportions, the sere is a wealthy men, but few pegple supply of gasoline ooming by pipe take the trouble to ask why he Is from the fuel tank, the modern wealthy. We not becalm he has a method using a vacuum tank, which, million dollars to his credit at the by suction from the intake manifold, bank. His wealth consists In the draws gasoline from the main tank share he possesses in factory build - and then feeds it by gravity to the ings, in machinery, in ships or vehic- carburetor. Levers give the driver les—all of which by their proper use control of the fuel supply. are yielding annual returns to him. i To lignite the fuel there is a battery, These returns come to him in the and coil, or a high tension magneto, shape.of money, by which he can buy with 0s own coil and distributor, or, what he wants, travel when and where a combination of both, controlled by he likes, and have as many holidays a levet' as on the steering wheel. When he feels inclined. 1 r millionaire were suddenly ile- a self-starter is used there ie a stor- if ou age battery, supplying the starting posited on a desert Island he would s motor and ignition, and fed by a gen-soon find that himoney was not ,wealth. He couldn't eat his bank orator, and usually the latter has a eircult breaker and distributor, bills: he couldn't build a house with though .sometimes there is a separate them; be couldn't make clothes with magneto and coil., them. In fact, he would soon find Lubrication is supplied by splash that his supposed wealth had vanish.' ed and that he was poorer than the system or by gravity or force feed savage with his bow and arrow. , oiler system, with pipes leading tol Now, if money Is not wealth, you ; the bearings. In the splash system ask, -what is it? That's a very di/- projections- an the connecting rods, ferent question, Money is in itself a dip into the oil and splash it over the symbol. We use it to measure the value of other things. It, is a counter internal parts. The motor consists of one or more cylinders, each with a piston with n ings to seal the cylinder with the 'aid of oil; the pistons are connect- ed to the cranks with connecting rods, the explosion in the cylinder forcing down the piston, thus turning the crank and producing rotary motion. The flywheel carries the crank over the strokes, ranking the motion con- tinuous. To connect the power to the driv- ing wheels are several devices. First is the clutch, which serves to apply and cut off the power without stop- ping the motor by friotion form. The most common are the cone have to go round among his friends clutch and the multiple disc clutch. until he found one who had just killed To provide for varyifig speeds and re- a sheep and was in need of a spear. Then at length someone thought out a scheme by which each could sell what he wanted to get rid of for a counter, which would pass at a recog- nized value, and so money was intro- duced. At first, shells, skins, and animals were used as tokens to facili- tate the exchange; but it was grad- ually found that these were not alto- gether suitable, and precious etones which passes from hand to hand as a convenient means of exchange. Money Is Only a Symbol. In early times, if a Mall had any- thing to sell, he had first to find a man who wanted to buy it, and then to make sure that his man had some- thing to sell which he himself, in his turn, required—a very cumbersome business. "A" might want to get rid of a spear, and%"13" might have no use for a shield, but unless "A" wanted the shield and "B" the spear, no transaction would take place. If "A" wanted a side of mutton, he would .versing and extra power when need- ed, gearsets are introduced. In a gen- eral way th,is is a set of cog wheels of different sizes on parallel shafts. Engaging different sets of gears gives varying speed forward or re- verse motion. From the gearcase the power is transmitted by the drive shaft, with one or two universal joints to take d t 1were 8ubstituted These, up again, p the angle between the engine level alme thaa tioirdrawbacks: and to.' and rear axle level and the variation day we use notes to take their place due to spring action, —first, as a medium of exchange, and Upon the wheels are tires made up secondly, as a standard of value. Money is nothing more than this; it is a current symbol. Now, if money is not wealth, what is wealth? Wealth is, in one sense, comfort Food is wealth, clothes are wealth, houses are wealth, and so on. We depend on all these things, and many others, for our comfort, and these are what the symbol called money brings to um. of a rubber and fabne casing, with a soft rubber tube, which has n valve for inflation. They aro made in dif- ferent forms, but all answer the gen- eral description, except that most trucks use solid rubber tires. There are many lesser parts which enter into the operation, but in gen- eral the foregaing describes the make- up of the automobile. It is up to the owner to study the manufacturer's instruction book for hie particular car, since all vary in some particu- lars. Charts. and diagrams will be found therein which MX enable the owner to muleratand this general des- cription. Curious Types of Clocks "The School" clock, made by M. A. Poitol p1 Grenoble, constitutes a par- ticularly attractive one for the shop window. It is made to represent the old type of schoolmaster, who, with stick it hateleused equally for teach- ing and chastisement, is instructing an urchin in what appears to be a sum in arillunetic, but tbe figures really repreeent the hours, to which the teacher automatically points as the movement impels his arm to in- dicate the passage of time, "La Mappemtonde" (the map of the world) is the name of another in- genious mechanical device, pe inven- tion of a modern French elockmaker eleeet--eaeifeeretafeteee of Bethune. The movement is In the interior of the globe and causes it to revolve and so mark off the hours on the equatorial band by means of a locomotive, which, by the way, has a separate mechanism of its own whereby, it the globe is made station- ary, it may make a circuit on Re own rails of the equator in twelve hours. If the clook is used Inc show pine poses the stationary locomotive with revolving globe Is possibly the -best method to employ, as the locomotive may then be kept always in view of the public, but as an ingenloue and useful clock for private use the cir- cuit made by the locomotive is more interesting. Nature Helps Those Who Help Themselves. And these things have to be pro- duced. Clothes and houses do not grow by the wayside;, they have to be made. So, if we are to increase our wealth, it Is no use simply manufac- turing paper money. That won't help ue, What we have to do is to settle down and make the things for which we exchange the money. Nature provides us with certain things to go en with, but we wound be very badly oft if we depended on her alone. We've got to take what she gives, and then use every means at our disposal to make her give us more, and to get what she does give 1 made into the shape in which we want it That's what we've been do - Mg since the world began, are that's what we'll have to continue to do as long as the world exists, And the more we work ourselves the more Dame Nature will do to help us, She gives us food and raiment, light. and heat, and every year sees additious to our means of making hor increase her yield. We're continually discovering new processes and inven- PLICRPOLISMOSW/1141.1..150111.1111•11MOMITRAVII6 CROSBY'S KIDS " f WHY110 Ye Wile Ye `-3 I Ttiouca IME.PJ HIS Eye. IT WAS EASY , - Peet.EO SO WS WORK AN' -, IA AWFUt HARP tee pee. TO (.0AF IN PM'600a c -T:: ( 1173.0,0 t Lions, which aid us in our struggle towards higher comforts, and we mean to go on and on, and never look back. But it is a strenuous business, and it needs our best efforts. When in- terruptions, like the war, occur, and we turn from production to destruc- tion, so much time is wasted, so much material is destroyed, and so much is left to he made up. The Remedy In Our Hands, That's what we're finding to -day. Instead of turning out the goods we wanted to make us comforable and happy, we had to step aside to deal with our enemies, and we find now , that we've run short of nearly every- ! thing. What is the result? There's not enough to go round, and some- body has to do without. Like our millionaire on the desert island, we find that money is not of the same use to us, for until the goods are there in abundance we can't buy them. The remedy is in our own hands, We must make what we want to en. joy, and the more we make the more we will have to enjoy. If two men want an article, and only one ie pro- duced, one if them has to suffer. He may offer what he likes, but he can't have what isn't there. Everybody wants things to -day, and many are finding that they can't get them. They say the price is too righ, and demand more money in wages. But more wages are not the remedy. Unless the goods are made, they can't be bought, however high wages are. The thing to do is to see that the goods are made, and ourselves to make those which we can. It's the old story of barter over again. In modern, as in primitive, times, goods exchange against goods, and when there is an insufticent amount turned out the balance s upset. Wages—even high wages—are only of value if there are plenty of goods to buy with them. The only highway to better conditions is In increased supplies. Triumph of Art, .4 young artist, out on a sketching trip, came acrose a living specimen of the "barefoot boy with cheek of tan," properly outfitted with rod and string of fish, and for a consideration in- duced him to pose for a sketch. In a few minutes there came along a man who would have been spotted instant- ly by a reasonably sophisticated ob- server as the head, theoretically at least, of a family. For half an hour he need watching the artist work, then burst out in admiring enthusi- asm: "Well, sir, if that isn't wonderful! Beate all 1 ever saw!" "Like the sketch, do you?" the flat- tered artist responded with.a pleased blush. "Sketch? Oh, that! Yes, It's all right, I guess. What I meant was the way you have managed to keep that boy quiet for so long," Islands A -Plenty. There are 3,141 islands in the Philip. pine Archipelago, Of these only 366 are more than a square rale in extent. The total area le 114,826 square miles. The group belongs to the United States. —ea -- Aland Islands. The Aland Islands are a numerous group of rocke and islands at the en- trance of the Gulf of Bothnia, about twenty-five miles from the Swedish coast and fifteen miles from Finland. About eighty of them are inhabited. BRINGING UP FATHER The School Gar cl s of Ontario 1 11 Dandeno, Ph.D., Inspector of Iteral Claeseei 'Tice Sellout Garden as a feature of /914, sal 1915, Seel UK 024; agriculture' education In tending. to 1917, 466; 1918, 088; and in 1919, 700 tapprox4 Most of these gardens be(mme Mu" alla mu"' as time gew6 forza a part of the regular svhool pro- em and an its unetion is becoming perty, but, as might be expected, there more fully understood., a permanent Is Es 'oissldrrab1e number of gardens part of the velem! aceommodation of on land eecured only temporarily. It Ontario. :All important educational should be said to the credit of the advaesemente are necessarily slow farmers that In very many cases the because et the very fact that they aro land was loaned to the school board edusational, and the school garden free of charge. The spirit shown in movement 15 00 exmption. Pregrers such tole as these demonstrates more Imo been somewhat hindered bemuse than words the trend of the school of the fact that in securing land and garden movement. in organizing schools in the past, the it Is not easy to summarize the scbool garden or plot was not thought tangible results of any educational of, consequently no provision wait developmentbecause the results are made to secure suitable land, More- mainly in the make-up of the pupils over, it was formery thought that edu- concerned, but It is quite apparent callonal machinery consisted almost filet school garden work appeals to wholly ut books and classerooms, boys and girls and secures their in - These two hindrances are being re- terest. One result is, therefore, that moved slowly but surely. It provides something whith it should he kept in mind that agri- make the course of study more ra- cultural education is applicable to tional. villages, towns and cities, and, though Not only is the school garden an the securing of land In cities is usual- important part of the general course ly much more difficult than It Is In of study, but it also stimulates the 1 the country, rapid progress is being pupils with a love for neatness about made in cities where the nature of the school grounds; this bas been the work Is being understood, quite noticeable. The garden can be The school board in the city of Ot- made. and is being made to some ex- tawa paid ;13,000 for a school garden, tent, a source of material for study in and from the reports of the Inspectors arithmetic, geography, art, and com- and others concerned, the money was position. This aspect of the work will well spent. There are also splendid at once be seen to be far-reaching. school gardens In London, Stratford. It is not expected that, for some St. Thomas, and Brantford. All of years to come. much experimental the normal schools are provided with work can be done in the garden with gardens and excellent work is being pupils of public school age. but for ail hclonetese ignartaheeusse. schools by means of that, here and there surprising results have been obtained and the parents Some years ago the school garden of pupils are awakening to the fact was thought to be nothing more than that some important experimental a fad, and, in some cases ridicule was work can be done even in public and directed towards such schools as separute schools, made a beginning, but this feeling has The financial result of the school practically passed away. It was garden ought not, perhaps, to be men - thought that the long summer vacation timed, but, at the SUMP time, during would prove an insurmountable difil- the past four years it has drawn the culty, but this dinlculty—and it has proved a considerable one—is being solved quite readily and is not proving such a difficulty as it was once attention of mane People, children, to the fact that the financial returns from even a very small plot can be of considerable value. But the thought it would, school garden is an educational fee - The number of schools undertaking tare, and the results are edueational. school garden work in Ontario is in- Even if the financial returns were creasing steadily year by year as in- nothing at all, the school garden is (Boated from the following figures,— I well worth while. His Only Want, It was with high hopes that a com- mercial traveller called on a certain tradesman. They had never done busi- ness together before, but a friend had given him a good introduction. "May I show you my samples, sir?" he asked, after they had exchanged greetings. "Certainly!" said the tradesman af- fably, And from an insignificant bag the traveller produced a surprisingly large selection of articles. He pointed out their different merits, and then waited. "Well, there's only one thing I want," said the tradesman, and the traveller beamed at the thought of opening a new account. He whipped out his notebook, and waited expec- tantly. "What is it?" he asked, "Well," was the reply, "I want to see how you're going to get all those samples back again into that little bag." Two -Storey Plg Sty. Denmark has a two-storey pig sty, accommodating nearly 1,000 animals, in which almost all the work is done electrically. Uses For Wood Ashes. Wood ashes will clean the bottom of porcelain kettles. Porcelain sinks and toilets are easily cleaned with wood ashes. Wood ashes will keep an icy front walk from being dangerous. Tea stains in (tine teacups are easily removed with a little wood ashes. Grease spots on marble and tiling may be removed with a mixture of wood ashes and water boiled together for one-half hour and thickened to a paste with whiting. Equal parts of wood ashes, salt and water made into a soft paste will fill up the cracks and holes in a stove satisfactorily, 11 applied while the stove is cold. immensity of Russia. Russia embraces one-sixth of land surface of the world. It is more than fifty times larger than Japan, and has a total area of 8,660,000 square miles. If fate sometimes sells us the same experience twice at a high rate, the fault is our own, Science Answers Query : What Is Man? "Oli, what a piece of work is man!" —Hamlet. A man weighing 150 pounds con- tains approximately 3,500 cubic feet of gases—oxygen, hydrogen and nitro- gen—In his constitution, which at 80 cents a 1,000 cubic feet would be worth $2.80 for illuminating purposes. He also contains all the necessary fats to make a fifteen -pound candle, and thus, together with hie 3,500 cubic feet of gases, he possesses consider- able illuminating possibilities. His system contains twenty-two pounds and ten ounces at carbon, or enough to make 780 dozen, or 5,260 lead pen- cils. There are about fifty grains of iron in his blood and the rest of the body would supply enough of this metal to make one spike large enough to hold his weight. A healthy man contains lifty-four ounces of phosphorus. This deadly poison would make 800,000 matches, or enough poison to kill 600 persons. This, with two ounces of lime, makes the stiff bones and the brains. No e how sour a man looks, he contains about sixty lumps of sugar of the ordinary cubical dimensions, and to make the seasoning complete, there are twenty spoonfuls of salt. if a man were distilled into water he would make about thirty-eight quarts, or more than half his entire weight. He also contains a great deal of starch, chloride of potash, magnesium, sulphur and hydrochloric acid in his wonderful system. Break 1,000 eggs, including shells, into a huge pan or basin, and you have the contents to make a man from his toenails to the most delicate tissue of his brain. And this is the scientific //newer to the question, "'What is Man?" vmsearresemmentn.,,,e,r_oln!te!ta!?,,,,,roa_.", 11111,11 ,11•11. I.i l' ;',•:kLii_ ;,..,.1, , le --... , 'IN •,.. ' g„,,h, 4 'ke .411*- ' • / • w, , ....• -,1. ' ..! $':i4 '4 .4, . ;•It'' 4 - 'I, ,.g. 1'4 , il di, 111 .4 • 4 I< -- "o,....,.: r" ' lie" ' '......:•,:ill,‘:Cs,':,;.:•.N. I, li' t - '4f lib .4 0 „. 4 ::`,::.,*,•‘.\'‘' , tifil, • . p,.. , th ‘ e..s. iti; ,,,A .. 4. " • io ..,, t'As 1 I . 111.,..0/ ).1,11 '" ,d. 1\ t Z.114•Cit .1 . ! ....S=1 I • I ApAA0Aa 1Po*, . a A ,.. ' . ,. 0 .0110, W1,4' il H./ —lows • 1 • , .,. r.2 ---- ,,,,,•‘,,,' 011"A'AtI0 ' Irit4tra e .rePicy, A ,,, f; ae, i ,, 1 li'll ll'iltilli I UM: f=e. ......................._f s Fa ". 1. ... !pa. e, lii i , '. Iii „..., il .;''' •:,;• : • 1g1 4. , ., .., I. ,,,i.., :,,, or° , 1, — ...., C. , ‘(3C-23(----) • to./ co^ Salvation by Accident, A- needle in the sole et it foot is Painful, but io the folinele: elore, written by a contributor lo Ite Atlan- tic Monthly, it brought ealvution to a man who was very much in need of it. Parker was a "sorehead"---eullen at breakfast, urig at diner, quarrel. some in the °face, crusty cat the street, a bear at the party, a hog olt the rond, a ay in the °Int/slept. His wife wan afraid of him, his ebildren were afraiil of hira, his clerics were afraid of him. He wee a "grouch." One eight, about two in the morn. ing, he rose, grumbling, to fasten gaining shutter. On the Way to the window he emitted a yelp of distress. When they turned on the lights, Park- er was sitting on tee floor, tugging at something embedded. in the eole of his left foot. Presently he held up half of a needle! It was evident, they thought, that the other bait bad re- mained in his foot, The family was drowsily synapath. etic, but confident that the doctor would find the broken needle in "the morning with a magnet. Parker, how- ever, slept little during the remainder of the night; he feared blood poison- ing. Immediately after breakfast he sought the family physician, who, after patient investigation, assured blm that he must have stepped on an al- ready broken needle, for there was no fragment of the steel to be found. But Parker knew that he was carry- ing in his body a deadly thing that un- doubtedly had started upon its fatal miseion. Ho left the office early that afternoon and went home to surprise Mrs. Parker with a display of more tenderness than she had observed In lilin since their honeymoon, which had long ago passed into total eclipse. At dinner he appeared greatly in- . terested in the conversation of Bill and Susie about the bigh.school party. lie patted Rags, the dog, 11,114) ar- ysysd him for sonic moments with an expression of undisguised ineredulity before retiring to the hearth to re. ,fleet upcn the relationship of huuianity and caninity. All that night Parker lay awake ire - paring for the speedy wind-up of his terrestrial affairs, end at breakfast he bewildered ti, houeeliold by encourage 1 ing a convereatic,n concerning other ' interests than his own. At the °Mee curiosity reigned supreme '*and un - sated. The clerks asked one another what in the world had come oven the old man; and when he went out for lunch, Parker gave a blind man a guar. ter and bought a War Cry off a Siva - tion Army lassie. The shadow never lifted. Every night when he went tc, sleep he bade himself good -by, for the chances of his being alive in the morning repo jest as remote as they would ever he. But it was not a morbid sbadow. Ic forcei( ' him to generate more light. • Sometimes his eyes grew meet an( • his throat ached when he refieeted up, on the deeply sympathetic understand- ing of his wife, who studiously avoid- ed any reference to the impending tragedy, and who. in spite of her secret sorrow, acted np to the rela- tion in mariner heroic. The fact that Mrs. Parker, while moving the rug in her husband's room on the Friday morning following, the accident, discovered half a reelle— the point driven firmly into the floor— may also have given her courage to see the terrible thing thrcrage with cheerful resignation:,... Insect Items. Spiders have eight eyes. There are 170 different epcciee of bees in Great 13ritain. A single pound of the finest spider webs would reach round the world. Bees weighing one pouud In weight comprise over five thousand aleeets. A fly walks --in proportion to ite sire —thirteen times as fast as a new can run. The speed of the imusc-fly is nsitaly 25 feet a second. But when pursuit, it attains a speed of 160 tact a emmed. Grasshoppers in South America are the largest known. In that cour try they attain to a length of five 1.m-11es, and their wings spread out ten imams. Wasps' nests are said to teac tire very often because of chemical action of the wax upon the materiel of the nest itself. This might explain of the mysterious tiro; ap ani deem rte country,e Inseetswhich spend most. of their lives in a torpid or sematorpid nand. tion are seldom Injured and never killed by being frozen, There are numerous instances of travellers 10 mountain regions having found bee- tles and butteralee above the snow lite which were stiff, frozen, and epparente ly dead. When carried down to the warmer air iu the valleys, however, they revived. in a very short Mum. Bad Tooth May Clause "Etheumatiem" Don't always Ball the aching Joliet "rheumatism," says the Publio Health Service, Bad teeth are sometimes the real cause and it le always wise to consult both the doctor and the den- tist. Have an X-ray made of the teeth.. A. decapitated %nal, b kept in a moist placewill in a few daye, grow a now head', and it will be quite itis serviceable as the original one was. Many a potion has wondered what makes the "ayes" in bisd's-eye maple, They 'Etre apparently tiny buds that formed under the hark, but that were unable to -force their way out and at hest were inclosed by the growing tree. The Japanese are (said to pro - dues bird's-eye 'wood artiticially' inserting buds under the bark.