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The Brussels Post, 1919-10-2, Page 3fl' Agronomist. Thee Department Is for the use of our farm readers who want the advice mf an expert on anY question regarding soli, seed, crops, etc, It your question la of sufficient general Interest, It will be answered through this column, If atamned and addressed envelope to enclosed with YoUr letter,. a complete answer will be mailed to you. Address Agronomist, care of Wilson Publishing Co., Ltd., 73 Adelaide St. W. Toronto. Manure—A Gold Mine on the Farm. brach horse produces $27 worth of mainwo a year (as compared v,ith commercial fertilizers); each head of cattle $20 worth; each hog $8 worth, It is estimated that the total value of manure produced le about $200,000,000 —a veritable gold mine. AC least hall of this great wealth of fertilizing material is sheer waste. In some good general farming sec- tions net more than fifteen per cent. of the manure produced is used. Even in the most intensive dairy regions, where cows are largely stall fed and comparatively great caro is taken with the manure, the loss seems to be approximately twenty-five' per Where the owner of the farm can not cent, afford a paved floor, a cheap open The hest plan to prevent this waste feeding shed may be made to serve; the purpose very welel, if abundant bedding is used to absorb the valuable liquid manure. In such a feeding lot or shed, the manure is allowed to. gather under the feet of the animals, each day's bedding being strewn over the well -tramped manure. Some' farmers using this system arrange; their feed -racks se that they can be' raised from time to time, malting its In soma places manure is •simply thrown out through the barn windows and left to lie against the sides of the barn. Tho losses in fertilizing value ore large --much larger if the water from the roof drips on the manure. Such a practice is not only wasteful; it is also very unsanitary, If it must he followed, the gutters on the barn should be constructed so that the water will be carried away. A lean-to shed may be bunt as a cover over the pile of manure exposed to the weather. Another good way to save manure, especially in the case of hogs or beef rattle, is to have a concrete paved feed lot, preferably under a shed roof, is to haul the 1 enure and spread it on the field as fast as produced. When this is not practical, stare the manure where 41 can not leach out. To save manure, concrete manure r•ts aro being used more and more. 'sheze pits have concrete floors and sides so that not any of the valuable fertilizing elements are wasted. A pit Gx12 feet and three feet deep, with walls and floors five inches thick, possible to feed till solidly Recited, will serve the needs of the average manure has accumulated to a depth of: farm. In ground that does not cave several feet cinder the shed. It has' in, only an inside form will be needed been shown that manure thus handled in bit being such a pit, except where suffers little from heating and leach-! the concrete extends a few inches ing. above the ground to prevent flooding For saving manure the feeding shed, by :enlace water. The floor should be serves the purpose of giving the gen-! re -enforced by woven wire fencing, eral farm, or the beef cattle farni,l put in after about two inches of something of the advantage held by' cement has leen laid, the section of the intensive dairy farm. The manure, fencing being cut long enough to bend saved on the Canadian farm older! up a few incites at either end into present conditions is almost exactly; the side walls. When the re-enfore- proportional to the number of animals' ing he,: been put in, the remaining. stall -fed on the farm; the manure of three inches of the floor is laid and animals not stabled has very little! the fo••ms for the =ids walls set up effect on yields, except in cases where; and used. immediately. Use one part field crops are hogged down or other-' of cement, two of sand and four of wise pastured down, or tvhere pasture, screened gravel. A pit of this kind is used in a rotation. is levee enough to hold the accumula- If no shed or pit is available the. tion of manure on the average farm best method of storing manure in the until such a time as it can be con - open is to pile in a compact pile with veniently spread on the field. 1 nearly perpendicular sides. The pile A miinure pit doesn't cost money; should be left flat on top so that it it saves money. The value of thewill absorb the rain water. This not; manure saved when stored in pits will only lessens the amount of leaching, equal at least five per cent. on the but helps keep the manure moist and pit investment. Where manure is thus reduces the fermentation. This stored in loose, flat piles in the barn- method will not prevent leaching; yard, the 1o,ss by leaching and decay therefore it is recommended only in six months amounts to from thirty when there is no better way of storing tho manure. to sixty per cent. erar ,1ys t/ s "There are a good many fine things about a milking machine. One of them is that your hands don't get tired mtel'kittg. The last cow milks as easy as the first one." That is my neighbor'•s way of sizing up the milking machine. Ile was left alone through the shifts and turns, of the times and could not get help to do his farnc work as it ought to be done. The milking was especially tedious. "I used to spend from an hour and a half to two hours right on the milk- ing stool. By the time I got through I was tired and in poor shape to. begin the real work of the day. Now I am fresh and ready to go at other things after breakfast. I milk my cows in about half the time and they don't mind it as muoh as they used to when they were pulled and hauled around by careless or indifferent milkers." He spoke of at number of other good features about the milking machine, but this was the windup. "You can't tell how long a mean will shay if you hire him. I had two or three men last season at different Ones. I thought I had them for the Season, but they !slipped away from me. Contracts will not hold men who make up their minds to go. The ma- chine stays Right on the job. I know in the moretieg when I get trp that I am going to find it in Its place, ready for ebuesiness, Of course, I have to do some things for the milking machine, but it won't go back on me if I use it right," Another man told me of his ex- perience with a milking machine as follows: "It used to take me just about two hours to milk eightedit cows. That Instant four hours, counting alight and morning, sitting on the milking stool, the bost I could do. Last winter was unusually cold, and I actually frosted my feat in the stable, working there so Hong at a stretch with little chanes bo novo thein around, "Being faced with another winter of like experience, oil account of the 14nolk of help, I determined to put it} to Milking machine, The aided yal cost ed the meaohino waft $300, but by turn,- ing inso a:pior h �wv were lao longer using, I was able to got the Milker by playing $200 in cash, "'The machine shortens tho work of milking about one half, which counts in the ,sitori days when chores take such a large part of the time. That gives me a better chance to work at other winter work, such ars getting up wood, "1 meth, a pulley mit e f a round stick of wood and attachstl it to 1h1 driving ,;haft of the re'reio, 7 by gearing it to the grindstone we Could sharpen the mowing -machine knives, grind the scythes, axes and other tools, with the •same source of power. Altogether I find that the machine enables me to do without help that I would otherwise have to keep through the wtkmter months." In every flock of chicks and of fowls there are individuals which can never be profitable, and often are a menace. They are weak and become an easy prey to disease and pass that disease on to others. Thera are also the mis- shapen ones and those which have suf- fered injury. These, with the known non -producers, should be weeded out early in the season. • Every flock of youngsters should be watched carefully and any that grow slowly, show signs of weakness, do not have good shape for their age, should be disposed of as early as possible, Those with twisted ,wings, deformed basks, wry tails or crooked batiks should likewise bo d'tasposed of, even though they are healthyy, If we except those evll�lolt are to be kept for use or sale for breeders, all surplus males shouid be disposed of as early as they can be fattened and a good market secured, It is care- lessness in points such as this that keeps the edales from turning from failure to success. • A good dry cleaner consists of equal parts of cornmeal and salt, moistened well with turpentine. Turnips, beets, carrots will keep best at a temperature slightly above freezing. THE CHEERFUL CHERUB w etzebeaseasemenzesra .em the ce pta.ire oe I f'�.i qtyyn SOVw! ould sail oto r� peau 'vl stre.b.ma GeV I,M vS r, t 'L. Ved And.o, dear HN.- me, the. svleMe.rirnes t q.'1°Caron r ... :sys,r.Tsva.-va Protecting Our Furred Friends New that the :deists are getting; frosty, It is time to begin to think' again of trapping. Even more fm-. portant, however, is the proper pro - taction of our fur -bearers until their fur becomes prime and worth full value. You do not want to begin trapsing during September or October, before the pelts are No, 1 in quality, and\ thereby hose half or two-tiuirds of the value of the fur; , when by waiting they will be worth double price. • Resolve not to trap until the fur is prince, of No. 1 quality. With moat furs this will be early in November, When furs are prime, the flesh side of the pelts will remain white, without dark blue streaks, after the animal is skinned. If the fieoh side turns blue at any time, even after drying, the fur is not yet prime, and will •grade No. 2. If very blue, it may be a No. 3 or 4 pelt; and these last two classes aro worth very little. Primeness of :skins is judged entirely by this white or blue color of the flesh side of the skin. Whether the hair slips a trifle or not is not considered so much, for the condition of the skin otherwise determines whether the hair will slip or not. Of course, a skin may be per - featly white, No. 1 in primeness, and still grade No. 2 or 3 because of short- ness of the fur, cuts in skin, etc. Primeness of muskrat skins cannot be judged by whiteness. A muskrat never becomes fully prime and white until about February. The skins caught during the fall, if good qual- ity, may be more oe less blue streak- ed, and yet grade No. 1 fall. The same is true with Winter -caught skins. These No. 1 fall or winter skins do not, of course, bring so much gs a No. 1 spring -caught skin, but they are nevertheless considered prime. Muskrat skins vary a great deal dur- ing the fall, however. You may catch one skin that is quite white and will grade No. 1, and get another at the same place a week or so later that will be quite blue and grade No. 2. To be sure that they are gate prime and will bring good valve, It is best to wait until early November to trap. Marten skins, also, are hard to judge at certain times. In some places in Canada they may be caught, being perfectly prime, but if left out in the trap during a hard rainstorm lasting several,hours, the pelts are liable to turn perfectly black. Therefore, resolve not to start trap- ping too early. See your neighbors so that they will not start before you do. Draw up a pledge fair to all, and get them to sign it. Then if any wandering early trapper tries to come in and get furs before they are prime, you can all post your land with "No Trapping" signs and work Together to prevent it, if anyone is A41,1,0111 about agreeing to wart, point out that in the middle of October a geed mink will grade, about No. 3 and bring about $1, but by wailing tires weeks, or until early November, it \till be a No, 1, worth about $8. Can one make money any faster? There is no other. stock on the farm that will increase! in value so rapidly. Prevent hunters and others from; shooting muskrats, skunks, etc., for, sport, whenever they get a chance.; You might as well allow them to shoot your chickens, turkeys, ducks and other fowls for sport. It would be no, more expensive to you. The valuabl fur -bearing animals on your property• are your: es mush as any of your' stock, Protcet them. They ere worth a little trouble, and will rise in value from year to year. Do not allow them to be caught off too closely. Keep a' good supply on hand from year to year, as you would with any other' stock. You would not kill off every, horse and cow you had en your place, especially if you could not get any more. The same should be true with the fur -bearers. If a mink or other animal gets to bothering your poultry a little early, either get a good safe house for the hen, or set a box trap at the runway where the mink will have to enter to get the hen. If the mink bothers, he is caught. Make a pen a few feet square of small wire netting, covered on top and bottom. In it have a box and! small water trough, and keep the mink until its pelt is prime. In many places in our country the fur -bearers are almost all killed off. • This will not do; they must be pro- tected. The fur leulustry of this eoun- try is worth millions of dollars an- nually. We can not let small fur - bearing animals go the way of the buffalo and the passenger pigeon. If your game laws do not amply protect your fur -bearers, write to your Mem- ber to amend therm so that they will. If they allow people to begin trap- ping in October, when furs are not prince until November, don't start trapping until furs are prime, just be- cause the late says you may. See that your neighbors wait, too.' Many people have signed pledges to protect the birds. It is just as im- portant that we should wake up to Protecting the fur -bearers, before it is too late. One year there were hun- dreds of thousands of passenger pig- eons, and the next year there was hardly one alive in the world. Now not a single survivor can be found. It pays to protect the birds. Fall Fertilizers For Lawn, To stimulate the growth of a lawn and to improve its apps aranee fur the fol.owing spring no better treat- ment ran be recommended than the application of a properly rotted ma- nure in the lute fall. This ttl.plleation should not be made until after the fronts have stopped the growth of the grass. 'fen to twenty two horse loads should be anplied to the erre accord. ing as the :toil is more et is rich. It is important that the manure should be thoroughly rotted before op- plieation so that all weed seeds are killed, otherwise damage done by weeds will more than offset the fer- tilizing value of the application. Ma- nure needs careful handling before it is suited for ;spreading over the lawn. Unless it is properly "composted" 1t may have mot of its valuable con- stituents dcatroyed by improper handling. To "compost" manure pro- perly it should be treated as follows: Pile all manure iu heaps with alter- nate layers of sod or other litter. Keep it wet enough so it will not burn, Let it ;stand a uholb year through sum- mer and winter, forking it over two or three times during the year. It will then be ready for use on the lawns and danger from weed seed will be minimized. Many objeet to the use of manure, at all, not only because of the danger from weed seeds, hut because of its unsightly and unsanitary appearance. These will undoubtedly prefer to use something else, and the most econ- omics'' substitute is finely ground bono or bone meal. This should be applied at the rate of from 500 pounds to one ton an acre, according as the ground is more or less rich. With the bone meal it ie desirable to use double the quantity of wood ashes, which may be mixed with the bone meal or sown separately. These ashes contain considerable lime in a In -vest Your Money In Si!/y t% DEBENTURES Interest payable half yearly. Tlie Great West Permanent Loan Company Toronto Office 20 I<Ing St. West a TOM WINDOWS &D O S n "P; .--c-fir G�iZ.F-8 to suit your ta'r •.,� NL,: nJ opn0o o• Fixed with eta,,. Eofe de. f �o • � „ livr,y ruaroatwd. — Line. insure , ho oi� cn1 • tCFolrpricoyu Tho HALLIDAY COMPANY, LIenitod IhieI0 1 50C Der L,STailltt0a0 CANADA very desirable form, as well .a_o other valuable elements. Haan y—or anybody else—thought All appe'eatians should be made be- they coutheld. fore the ground freezes permanently Their wits were sharpened by the for the winter, as otherwise the fee- great emergency; all their faculties til.izer may be largely washed from were roused by the spur of the the soil before it less a clrartce to be- thought of dear ones at home, whom USING YOUR SENSES 11 Using Your $onaes+. lv*ot one of our God-given ft:cult:lee was meant to ile dormant, but after talent has been latent for a time it may require a strong stimulus tto ratse it. Sometimes this incentive is pro• vided by a cogent personal fore° touching or invading our lives; some- times it is the force of circumstances themselves, bringing out the !.rest that is in us. "You neve\' know what you can da till you try"; and if th8 history of the war were to be com- pletely written It would be fall of ex- amples of men who have done better come incorporated with it. Prepared sheep manure is an excel- lent dressing. As it has been steriliz- ed by drying and rendered odorless,' the powers in our posae,sien. They there are not the objections to it that are the finite senses by which we there might be to ordinary manure. learn and develop reel enrich our be - If there are parts of the lawn wliieh 111=0'in order that we may create will be tramped over when they are from the raw material something of not frozen, especially when snow is value to the age and to tike earth we It' ng there they .Montt be pro- inhabit. Beyond the finite senses they were bound to make proud, You and I have not begun to live unie_s we have called into play all keeled to prevent persons from cut- there is the realir.aticn of duty, a4' ting across. Tramping on the turf love, of religion, of immortality; and when it is covered by slush or snow life is not complete tf we cannot see what is invisible herr what is in- Potatoes feel talo impalpable. If we use aur seas aright they Buy Thrift Stamps. supply us not with p' •es of final Potatoes require a cool place not arrival but with points of depart,lre. too dry. The mind's eye begins to perceive The metric system has been official- where the body's eye leaves off. That ly adopted by 83 countries, and is used inner ear which is be. ilio the still to a greater or less extent in 200. small voice in each of to, in order to catch its faintest accent. begins to hear where the gross ply a tl ear de- tests no sound. The tI nese indicates the delicious or the represnaut flavor of the food that is the Ll ily'S fuel, but =� c still there are the lenge• and the thirst of the soul to be appeased by the nectar end ambrosia of the ban- quets of the gods. We may take in our hands the substantial things for which men and women lay don their lives --hut beyond this t eek is the meaning of the hook, which the spirit apprehends; beyond u hate:er the hand can hold or the scales can weigh is the essence, which cannot he seized in the fingers and translated into pounds and ounces avoirdupois. And yet se a stair to the spiritual realm we use the senses. We look at the stars and we are upraised by what the eye beholds to what the eye habil never seen. We listen to the music and we are transplanted to the place where music dwells and never dies, And then we cannot be content to lead the life that is immersed in the consideration of what we shall eat and what we shall wear and where we eha11 go. The sensual life cannot drake us happy. There are aspirations roused which only the freedom of the spirit can satisfy. Saving and Storing Seed Corn. Selecting seed from the field or gar- den while standing gives one an op. portunity to get large well matured ears that were produced under normal conditions and not the result of ex, ceptional opportunity for sunlight and growth, Selection of seed at husking time is mush preferable to taking seed from the crib, whore it may have heat* ed and become mouldy. Good seed corn should be: First, well matured, save the hard, firm, fully grown ears. Second, of good 0140 for the variety. Third, with deep kernels well filled out and with large germs. 1;'ourth, with small to medium "sized cobs. Save all the well matured ears that are large or medium size. These can be mord carefully sorted before plant- ing, The first essential do the care el' geed corn is to dry it out as quickly el , possible, not by artificial heat but b putti;lg It in a dry, airy room, Ear saved for seed should be thinly sprees' out as soon 08 possible olid not left in piles or sacks. Any room that hi dry, well ventilated, and proof against vet'min is satisfactory for storing seed cont, Seed porn needs ventilation in order l t0 dry well, This may be secured 14 pltr3adin it on slatted shelve , nor; , ranging in speei>311y made pools, op by "stringing" it. Nails may be drive into the walls, or into boards, tile\ after cutting oil' the nail heaps the ears can easily he stuck on the spikes, Putting a Polish on the Plow, Many plows, oven those that ]lav, been well covered with ell pr Axl ' . grease, fail to scour readily when 11rp taken into the field, The followitlst method is being used bay math' Orrt}: ors to overcoTo: e t e inaonvenjjeli e_ At., tending the osse tt isloly that fai(H to c.I to oil quip ly; Tlto Ploy};' (g��,, ali% I to the nearby propels dr Gr .ole ti drawn a feettimes th'ou0'it tj� to ar travel d fila tY T. a l" found along wttor apurl'e 1 a {gl takes but A !yew tuiiie to tcl ; st r hardens rease,. l e til Q d 0 :il. nes does son ' c reu tos m sa II 1.f • e r on no m t or 111.106w riiat ' m 'ill 11 > a t�' ,. be; and if the ravel does nor, cental largo stones the piow will not IA' dulled. is destructive to a lawn. f-7 !. ,• e-Se or e 0. MORALE (Minoan 10 to Sec Mord, el Ma teM mordeondlean, ort!.. condINon in other respecto,se' far us It to af6etted Libor dependent upon, moral eon,' etderaltone, ;mhos zeal ,ptdt, hope and cow& neo;, modal state, as afa bony of men, an arm, and atke•. HAT is Dr. Webster's definition. Many of us know the word only in its war -time application. Webster dwells firstly upon the usage of they word "morale" as applied to the commonplace happenings of everyday life. His allusion to its reference to en army comes later. And Webster is corredt—meticulously so. It was their private•life morale that made such splendid soldiers of our boys when the time came for them to don the khaki. It was that, and that alone, that made them take the first ttep,and it was that which carried them through to victory. If their every -day morale had been neglected, the Army could have done little with them and success would not have crowned their efforts. It is the many little incidents of your daily routine that make up' your morale—the morning shave, your clean linen, polished shoes, brushed clothes. Webster speaks of zeal spirit, hope and confi. dente. It is by attention to the small details of your personal, appearance that these may be attained. The Gillette Safety Razor enters as much into the morale of every.• day life as it did into that of the trenches. It helped our soldiers to maintain their confidence and bearing. It will do the same for yotl. The Gillette Safety Razor makes the daily shave come easy—there is no pulling or scraping—no honing, or stropping—just five minutes of perfedt shaving comfort. And, afterwards, a chin that fells of morale and selfrespect. Sold at roost stores catering to men's needs. i,ADE 1N Dr. Huber will answer all signed letters pertaining to Health. If your question le of general Interest It will bo answered through these columna; If not, It will be answered personally If stamped, addressed envelope la en- Closed. rrClosed. Dr. Huber will not preacribs for Individual cases or make diagnosis. Address Dr. John B. Huber, M,D., caro of Wllnon Publishing Co„ 73 Adelaldo 8t. West, Toronto Catarrh. Nasal %catarrh is either acute or chronic. Doctors call the acute variety coryza or acute oihinitis; and say it is either simpleor specific, 'A simple coryza is due to exposure to cold and wet, to imitating vapors such as workmen are exposed to in some occupations; and it accompanies a good deal of rheumatism, tuber- culosis tand asthma. Specific coryza comes on in the beginning of most oases of the "com- mon cold," diphtheria, measles and scarlet fever, and other :infections, and is due to the genas of those dis- eases. The symptoms are sneezing, hoarseness, hoadeaelte, chilliness, at first dryn'esls in the throat and then, ;after a few hours, of copious dis. charges, stuffing up of the nostrils and occasional incessant 'blowing of the nose. Such it nasal catarrh is very likely to be "catching." A sufferer from acute nitinitis should take one-half a grain of eel- ontel every hour until there is a move- ment of the bowels. The calomel should then be topped off by a seildlitz \\louder. Then grains of Dover's powders is a gsod bedtime close for this conditions, after having taken a hot footbath. Net day talcs Dr. Lin- coln's rhinitis tablets, ono every half hour, until the throat feats dry; these can be had of any druggist. Tho best local application is to snatff, up and to gargle several tunes a day' n normal salt solution (one-hallf teaspoonful of table salt to a tumblerful of water) as hot es can bo borne with comfort. 'a '1 Chronic nasal catarrh is likely to follow an acute rhinitis. In the course of time the nasal mucous menthranc becomes thickened and obstructive, 1aeiirg$i9 broathing labored and dif milt. Then oftel,n nths or year's, the anueous membrane becomes ;atrophied,with a bad odor and green- ish offensive crusts. Cherenio catarrh ie more a s' lied of sense other ailment than :r r : c:a int itself. There is ; ;"'iv can ittuticrcl di.,euttc t,l. clt 11:; dee' tot must cure; upon ellich the , ii will g t :rally get vtc'l r f it ;'r y• hely with c 'arch, t.r • ..rr-t. rc,^,'ti ;.e hi;: t',l!t 1.1t:; 1 ., •... :'i '.it attend carefully to his general health. Especially must he keep his feet very warm and dry. Only the doctor pan manage successfully oases of chronic catarrh. For he has to use caustics to the thickenings, the hypertrophies; and he has to remove the crusting and then make proper application to stimulate the atrophied condition. No alcohol or tobacco habitue can be cured of hie catarrh, while he uses these substances. The vast majority of incurable deafness comes from neglected catarrh. Questions and Answers. I amtea returned roan, Was severely gassed in May, 1015, and was invalid- ed home, discharged as medically un- fit in 1917 with dilated heart. Since then I have suffered very much with nerves, being very irritable, sensitive find at tit have pains in the temple. Also at t. t . s I have smutting sensa- tions in the lens and arms. I used to have severe rains around my heart, but have not been troubled much in, that respect Weis. Sometimes I have a kind of suffocation at night. This mostly happens just when I am going to sleep. At times I get a very de- pressed feeling and get niopay. I have been a fairly heavy smoker and tea drinker, I ant at present working on a farm to complete my vocational training coulee. I was recommended for farm work. Do you think that class of wank will suit me? Answer—I can hardly think of an invalided heist more worthy of ad- miring sympathy than the man who has been gee.sod in warfare. It is pvesible the you will never regain 100 per cent. efficiency, glut by quteet living, being careful not to ower exert, cutting down the coulee end the tee, �1 uo ing to ACCo la modem., tion (1 eot%1 advise cotting it awG eut1tely in your cane, unless you don't rte much about it anyway), the sen - 1 of s yen mention will lin large part (le.eleeear. Pry to get good sleep, 1. t.,nd• ,., wide open. 1' an very ele.1 you .an en is term, That is the , and thJ vocation for the re - 1 l mea, 13u1, ulcb,1 your health c a re,i d clon't overwork, I am it i i.;z you further information. ci„ltes: tat - l ''Y • .'ISNOWN rets+e+aat.b ovepi 540 -8 Tho Gillette Safety Razor Co. of Canada, Limited,MVlontreal, Que. 4i McMlViONV'S MOUTHWASH YA,e 0C NAE4 441 BC11MOk Mouth Wash s The universal mouth Antiseptic for Pyorrhoea and sore gums. Heals and hardens bleeding guons at once and tightens the teeth. McCRIMMON'S Mouth Wash deodorizes all, decomposed mat- ter and makes the mouth fre,Sh and sweet. A BOON TO SMOKERS McCRIMMOITS CHEMICALS Il!3Z M ritirttckuringCheristr. vtt 19 RICHMOND St SIM :a TMON ON X: The care of farm implements d maids at all tunes the eareftl'1 a tention fr • the Earn er. � Never n f N er i w } theme greater need that: new fox oao any in title direction,