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The Brussels Post, 1918-11-21, Page 7•"w_ I aRfl1SH NAVY'S PART IN WAR DECISIVE FACTOR IN SUCCESS • OF THE ALLIES" Ii;eeping the (Wean Rader --Gradual Dcal.rucdion of the German Men- ace --Role or J?ue Fleet. There is an elbow of road above the Firth, of Forth from which the land slopes steeply and the kindly land- scape of -Scotland is suddenly super- seded by thut wide floor of fry water and the straddle of the vast bridgo and, if one should cone to it in a fortunate hour, by such a vision of the apparatus of ':ca power, the ma- chi.nery of Admiralty, as only Britain, in this time of her destiny, ran dis play. It se the Grand Fleet, the hammer - wed of that vast navy which alone ens made war possible and victory sure for the Allies. Mile after mite of c;rcat and little fighting ships: they lie folded away between low ^men cape.; of pasture, close neigh- bors to the domesticity of the vil- lages, a vieiblo and plain token of that pert whielr every inhabitant of Gime islands and of this Empire possesses in the suzerainty of the seas. Their bugles sound faintly acres^ the water to quiet sreets minima the noise of their traffic floats over the patituree, it is as though they spoke in reassurance to the quiet see,tre lana which they alone safe- guaed and maitain, Ceaseless Activity. When the air is ringing daily with news of victories on land it may seem an inappropriate time for a survey of the naval siturtLion. The reverse is tree. Never was there a moment when the public more owed to itself the duty of -realizing how much of all that has i•ecertly happened is owing to the vigiloree and the power of the :Ft - Silas Navy, Not only is command of the sea . an c.;sci tial to the Allied maw. as the atmosphere is to life. The special effort of the last six months, now beginning to yield its har•.e.,t, would have been impossible but for the eertiuns of the British ,ttcrr:antiie marine in conveying, in e"n:hers that would ;sem incredible if they had not been realized, rein - for: ement: across the English ban- ned and the Atlantic, and but4er the succuss with which the British Navy has peotected the transports from enemy submarine;+. Six months ago the situation seemed to hold no het - ter prospect for the Allies titan a orelongcd defensive against heavy adds. 'lo -day, thanks to the naval effert,the bafanec has been redressed with a completeness that few dared to anticipate, and is hourly increasing o gainst (1errcany. Six months ago the Allies would have been glad til he aa:sured of safety by the end of the year. To -day they have victory in sight For that change they aro, as they know, indebted.. to• the Navy, wiihtut which their courage would have been in vain. On the submarine issue in the main the naval struggle of the last twelve months lam turned. •Since the Battle of 'Jutland the German High Seas Fleet has not ventured into the North Sea. It has begat content with an occasional cruise in the Baltic. The role of the Germain Fleet has been the avowed and the sound one of keeping• the gate open for the snb- amarines. Consequently, the function of the British Grand Fleet has been one of vigilant defence, far there is no method known to responsible naval strategiste of forcing out of fortified harbors a fleet which bus tletertoineci to remain there. But it has not been a passive defence. Course of Submarine War:` Not a day passes but some units of the Grand Fleet, and on occasion the .fileist as a whole, have been in the North Sea. From the air, on the surface, and tinder the water its aux- iliaries search the Heligoland Bight and the enemy coast for signs of activity, : Perines have been swept up almost littler the muzzles 'of the enemy guns, and British mines have beets 'rid by 'tens of thousands, Even that ceaseless activity could not pre- vent each incidents as the raids on the Scandinaviau convoy, on the fishing boats off the Tyne, .or on the Dover patrol, or the attempt to bombard Dunkirk railway junctions last March Any night a few German cruisers may, under cover of darkness, make a hurried dash on the Bast Coast. But these enterprises have beconne rarer, and they are not likely to increase. They arc 'nesse 'darigerous than they were, and if the German Admiralty Were candid it`would have to admit— . what the British Admiralty has not chosen to announce --the less of well over a hundred surface vessels. in and around the Bight of Heligoland dere only"tile cleat twelve months. In its main aspects the course of submarine warfare has been revealed to the public in -the speeches of Lloyd emerge and the First Lord of the Ad- niiralty. The Germans have denied the Admiralty claim to have sunk at least 1110 snbmarines. The rejoinder is made in the farm of at list of 180 submarine commanders who have been kiYlecl, eaptnred or interned. That the list will be reproduced in enemy countries is anlikely. The Germans cannot afford to give their poople so eornohtaive an opportunity of testing the relative veracity of the British Goveramont and of their own. During the yens i.he rare bottvreh stho production and the destruction enemy submarines has pursued varying course, depending on the ono hand upon the fluctuatIons of the Ger- man output, and upon the other on the demands made upon the British naval activities in other spheres, not- ably in the protection of Transutlan- tie convoys. On the whole, however, it can be said that the Navy has kept pace with the German shipyards, and as protective (Judea diminish or are shared by the Allies, the actual re- duction of the enemy submarine fleet will be resumed, The Allied Fleetie. It will bg noted that throughout we have referred to the British Navy only, Thi has been due, not to any lack of appreciation of the assistance of the Allied ?!'leets, but to the fact h that almost trio whole additional bur- den imposed by war has fallen upon Britain. France; Italy, Greece and Japan have fleets of practically' the same stgongth ns..those with which they, started the war. The effort of the United States. great us it has been, is only now beginning to bear fruit, IL placed its available re- sources unreservedly at the disposal of the Allies, but even so its propor- tion of the total naval strength in British waters is about three per cent. and in the Mediterranean about six per cent. 'There is a prospect that in the near future the burden will be lightened. The British Navy .can survey its past share in the war with 13'ride and its future with confidence. NAYF "GHOSTS" A Noise Which Cannot Be Accounted For is Naval Definition. a THE BRITISH The first lieutenant has just been relieved, writes "'I; S. T." in the Lan- don Daily Mail, and was wending his way from the destroyer's bridge to his cabin. IL was fairly calm but very dark„auul there was little to be seen ' but a line of waves on each side and the dins form of a second destroyer,in station astern. Even for this "No. 1" had no eyes, for he had a weary mid- dle watch and bed was his only interest. But he did notice a weird figure, apparently human, crawling 'about near the "bandstand" of the aft r gun. • Ile went to investigate and fraud the surgeon probationer, clad in a chontois leather overall suit, in winch Ito hed been steeping on the wardroom couch lelow- los everyone must -steep more or less clad, ready to tarn out at a moment's notice. He was feeling about in the dark, apparen`ly in „march of s. methting. "What on earth are you 'lain„*, Doc?" he asked, hand got the brief answer, "Laying a ghost" The lirtt lieutenant grunted and disappeared below, leaving the doctor to insert a paper wedge between a rattling shell and the side of the stand in which it was placed A ghost, in naval language, is a noise which cannot be accounted for. In a destroyer one becomes a con- noisseur in noises. The steering gear clanks heavily at intervals and the rhythmic beat of the engines is al- ways there, changing only when the speed is altered. In heavy weather the washing and beating of the waters make a hundred noises, and if the full force of a wave suddenly breaks on the' ship's side it gives a sickening thud, which may bring you bounding from your bed for you never know what niay have happened. But ghosts are extra noises and should be avoidable. Some misplaced or ill-fitting article •or a loose serew may cause the noise, and with the ship's vibration it will knock or rattle ! with a regular persistency that will drive the most placid mind nearly to: frenzy, and sleep will rarely be the 1 victim's portion until he bus left' his warm bunk and found the cause of the trouble and the ghost is It;id. STRANGE GREEK FUNERALS Boy Carrying Coffin Lid Always Heads a Funeral Cortege. There are queer customs connected with funerals in Greene, At the head of the procession walks a boy carry- ing the lid of a coffin, which is deco- rated with purple gauze, flowers and tinsel. Then, after a nun Brous com- pany bearing banners and candles walks the priest, and after him is carried the open coffin. The body is dressed as fora festi- val, Civilians are dressed for burial in black clothes and white gloves, of- ficers of the army and navy in full dress uniform, and ladies in white silk and flowers. , Three years after the burial the bones are 'dug up, washed in wine, and preserved in sacks in the ossu- ary or bone -house, Rows of these queer sacks can be seen in the ceme- tory at Athens, acid they are all num- bered and registered for identifica- tion, The bones of the' poor are thrown into a common charnel -house. There are many different loot' cus- toms connected with burial. Almost everywhere a `pitcher is broken inn the threshold when the funeral leaves the house. Tis Corfu the house is not swept for three days after the funeral, and when it has once more been swept . the broom is burned. Elsewhere all firma and lights aro put out and not relit for a week, so Stere tan be no cooking, and at the .funeral feasts the guests bring tlitir own prepared food Pelnsicnl instruments composed principally 61 wood suffer more :from the climate of Thdie. them any other wooden she tames, CHANNEL FERRY REASONS WHY IT IS DIFFICULT TO OPERATE Awl Project Is Only lalfeetuel Way of Connecting British Railway System With Continent, Sir Arthur Fell, M.P., in an andel on "The Channel Ferry," publishe in the London Daily Graphic, asks "Does it dispense with the tuna project?" and says: The government has permitted th statement to appear that a Chinn ferry service is now in operation be tween England and France. A ferry service means that railway carriage and wagons can now be run directly from the railway lines onto rails on steamehips and he convoyed acres the Channel and run out onto the railway lines in France. ,By thi tneans passengers can cross th Channel without leaving the carriage and goods without breaking bulk. Th question is raised whether this solve the problem of communication with France and if the Channel tunnel is still necessary for the future trade and prosperity of this country, The War Office has not publisheci any details of this Channel ferry ser vice, and whatever may be known by individuals, the matter can only he discussed generally from the lcnowl edge we have of railway ferries in operation, and which are well known to travellers. There are such ferries in the Baltic, from Germany to Den- mark; in the Mediterranean, and on the Great Lakes. These ferries are running successfully, and that across the Straits of Messina, uniting Sicily with Italy, has proved a great benefit to Sicily and enabled the oranges and lemons of that country to be export- ed at a profit to Italy and to Central Europe. High Tide in Dover Straits. These railway ferries have, how- ever, little in common with a ferry across the Straits of Dover. They all run in sea's where there are no tides, and as the rise -and full of the tides at Dover and Calais is about twenty feet, it is clear that to run heavy trains onto ships at either of these ports presents difficulties which do not exist in the Mediterranean fer- ries. The passenger casually notes that on alighting from the train at Dover he sometimes has to clamber up a gangway to the deck ofasteam- boat, while at other times he descends a steep gangway onto a deck far below hint, In the Mediterranean or Baltic !the steamboat's deck ,'would never be morn than six inches or a foot above or below the railway line, This difficulty can be overcome by engineers, but it costs money and oc- casions delay, and the public will be glad to learn how the and by what means the government had solved it. if the ferry service is tidal and the hour of departure varies each day with the tide, then the value of the service is much diminished. This may not be of so much importance with goods trains, but it -would be fatal to an effective passenger or 'mail service to the Continent, and even trains con- veying fruits, flowers and other per- ishable goods would lose half the value of those which arrived at fixed hours to catch the"mor•ning markets. Difficulties of Ferry Passage. 8 help, and it will partly meet the Italian demand for improved £acilities if they are fo trade with us instead of with the Central Powers. London will nmeer be the railroad centre of Europe and the tcrvninus of the great express service to the European capitals, unless the trains can run throughout on railways, and not have to be delayed and broken up far a rasa voyage un hour after they hove started from London. - Thetas seem to be soave of the rea- sons why a Channel ferry can at hest be no more than a stopgap or substi- tute for the link which is necessary e to connect the British r ailwtay system 1 with that of the Continent. The mill- ; tory aide of the question In not re- el forret] to; but it ie. obvious that ferry steamers will in war be liable to at- e tack by warships and submarines, and e1 the value of safety of the tunnel corns - munication will be lost, It may also be noted that it MouldMouldrequire a fleet s or mare than one h.audred ferry boats to carry the trains which could pass thraugh the tunnel in a day. 5 �......—..--sem......-..-.w. s BUDDHIS•r'S HOLY SPOT • Hermit's Shrino Located on Top of Swaying Boulder. e Sightseeing in Burma is apt to be one pagoda after another, and at t that the tourist misses most of them, ' One that he uaually does not see un- less he is especially energetic, or has an insatiable taste for pagodas, is the Kyaik-hto-yo pagoda, one of he mos holy spos in Burma in he eyes of he Buddhist Burmese. The Burmese say that the builder of the pagoda was a hermit, a theory which seems probable enough, for it is built an the top of a steep hill in a location which could appeal only to one of solitary inclination. Eves the crest of the hill must have been too close to the world for the holy man, for he located his shine on a huge boulder, which may have been steady enough in his day, but which now seems ready at any tim,to slip off into the valley several thousand feet below. Assured by the Burmese guide that the rock has rested at this criti- cal angle for many centuries, the visitor, almost breathless from the reckless ascent of a Burmese hill, climbs a swaying bamhoo Ladder to view better the old pagoda. Tha great rock, with its shrine forming a tiny pointed cap, seems even more unsteady from here, but the guide feels no uneasiness. He is confident that somewhere below the pagoda is a lock of Buddha's hair, and this alone stays the boulder from its fall. In the early spring pilgrims from all over Burma journey to this for- saken spot to place flowers on the rock and offer their prayers • and gifts. Jewels and other offerings are tossed with an invocation to Buddha into the chasm below the rock. As they leave they place lighted candles outside9lss shrine and, as they cross the plain in the evening they can still see tiny points of flame mark- ing the sacred spot for other pilgrims who may follow them. Another difficulty for an effective ferry across the Channel is the stormy and foggy sea to be traversed. The present service of mail boats is only eonducted with the greatest difficulty during the winter gales and the fogs, Small handy steamboats are then only •r.un, and they make the French har- bors with considerable risk. How far :ferry steamers capable of carrying a train of heavy sleeping and dining cars could cross in bad 'weather ro- maine to be seen. The French har- bors are so small, and the English also, with the exception of Dover. that, ocean going steamships could not bo used unless an immense out- lay were incurred in creating a now port in France, and the time and risk of building breakwaters is such as to bo an almost insuperable obstacle, for they would mist millions of money and take many years' time, and in the end when the tunnel is built, it will -all' have been money thrown away. The last anti greatest difficulty is. however, the fact that a Channel ferry will have no effect on the pain- ful bugbear• of seasickness, That is the real deterrent to foreigners visit- ing this island. They will not make the sea voyage here when they can travel to other lands without discom- fort, The ferry stcnmhaats with the traits on board will pitch and roll es the present ones do, and seuisick- ness will be just as eife among the passage -Fe in a railway carriage " which rises and falls as among those o1 the deck or to the cabins of it steamboat. To continue in .t railway carriage under such conditions, or to travel afterward in it to Paris or Switzerland, is uathinknble. The ferryboats, however, will have rabies, and the passengers will alight and shelter in them or on deck during the passage. 'runnel is a Necessity. The only benefit passenger.; will deriye from the ferry service will he the saving of the trouble o1' loaving the train with the hand baggage alai walking on the steamers, and the sytme•bf the :snivel at the other side. LITTLE DEEDS OF MERCY Of Many Beneficent Acts May 13e Mentioned That of Englishwomen. There was a time When people were fond of teaching their children a cer- tain little song about "Little deeds of kindness, ilittle words of love"—It must be that those children are the men and women of to -day who are, literally; going about the world doings deeds of mercy instead of singing about them. For it is a fact that every deed of frightfulness to -day is matched by._thousands of deeds of touching kindness and mercy. The best verses of that simple little song are being set to music that sings itself into the hearts of those who needed the kindness more than any- thing else in this world. Because the workers are so sincere few persons know of their song. Ilowever, it happens. that two Eng - Belt women, sisters, have been doing . a work for which, iso doubt, many a' Canadian woman will bless them. When Belgian refugees began pour- ing into England these two sisters, the Misses Tebbutt began distribut- ing chocolate and cigarettes to Bel- gian soldiers who landed at. be docks of Sonthainpton. It was not long be- fore a hospital ship arrived bringing British wounded. F:vel' since that day, these two girls, unaided, have met every hospital ship (witis very • few exceptions) and have given to each soldier and of!ieer this thought- ful little greeting. They wear no uniform end are the only women on the berth. They never get in the way and always manage to greet all tate men, Considering that one sister has to don whole ship alone when two ships happen to dock et the sante time it is easy to see that their self- imposed mission is not an easy ono, Special boxes have been made ear eying several kinds of cigarettes and eltocolatea and fastened to this is n pouch with many pockets holding post cards pencils, snatches and news- papers. At first the entire cost watt thorns by these' splendid girls and their friends but now the plain'oho•• 1 eolato and cigarettitts nr. from n fund collected in the town, while the milk checolato, poet cards, pencils, etc„ m'e still the contribution of the .aster'. BATTLI1FIELD LINGO Some War Words That Will Have a Permanent Place is Our Language. The English language 14 a very "elastic" one, and ever receptive of new words and phrases, says en Eng- llrh writer. At the present time it Is getting saturated with terms of mili- tary, French and American origin in , particular. The use of en expressive word has indeed become "a work of national importance." This term itself is ono of the hest evolver' in the present crisis, and its powerful, unmistakable meaning, has affected us aU, "Going West" is another which has • a profound and poignant signiflcanee, ' IMs origin is doubtless from "some- where in Nortlt America," and its peculiar applicability is seen as one thinks of the aan sinking to its rent at eventide behind some of the etca•nol hills. "ActIseding to plan' i:+ a mill- : tory idiom which has been frequently ineed of late, and has in' ria signifl- ,ianee, Among the phrases which have come to stay is that str trinat French one, Its no passerontpas" (They Y shall not pass!), It tells of grit and perseverence on the part of brave men against fearful odds, and will ever be an inspiration to future gen- eratione. Much discussion has taken place recently over the meanings of words 1 "decimated" and `offal." The first word is frequently used by •eeir ear - respondents to express great slaught- er, but really it only mean; one in ton, being derived frcan the Latin "decimue," a tenth. "Offal," agaiin, has a very displeasing a and to most ear:=, as meaning just refuse. But if we divide the word into its parts— "off" and "fall," --it loses its offensive quality, and denotes :'imply good waste meat. Tlrr use of the word: -i "fl•:" anti "flee" in our war journalises has also been confusing to some. "Fly" means to move with wings, vfiile "flee" is a general term. end denotes moving with rapidity. • In speaking of the Kaiser and his people's Conduct, haw many of us make any discrimination between the words "cvime,' si'i," and "vice." Yet each have quite different meaningsd, Our ol. well-worn friends. "Bligh- ty" and "camouflage," hardly need reference, but the first named is doubtless derived from "bilati," the Hindu word for home, and bronf;ht to this country by- our soldiers from overseas. "Camouflage" is a French expression, meaning literally, "to blow smoke into another's eyes" --therefore a very effective temporary "blind"! GIBRALTAR STRAITS TUNNEL With Dover Tunnel it Would Link England With South Africa. Interest has lately revised in the scheme for a tunnel beneath the Straits of Gibraltar, which, ]las, like that for a railway link between Eng- land and France, made an appeal to engineers far a generation or more. Some of the technical aspects of the project have been under discussion before the French Society of Civil Engineers, and it does not appear to be thought that there are any ob- normal difdcnities on the engineering side. Owing to the depth of water and character• of the sea bed and the underlying strata, it would be neces- sary to construct such a tunnel at a depth, it is believed, of some 340 metres; and the length between Tar- ifa, the suggested point of departure On the Spanish side of the Straits, and either of the alternative points of emergency an , the Morocco coast, would be about 18;s miles. It is assumed by the advocates of the scheme that the cost of construc- tion would not exceed 510,000,000, but necessary port improvements would call for an additional ±4.000,000. There can be no doubt that the link- ing of the European and African rail, way systems would give a great stimulus to French and Spanish trade and on the resumption that the tun- nel beneath the Straits of boner is constructed, the tunnel would provide over the Trans -African railway a through route between England and South Africa, The scheme now pat forward by M. Henri Bressier does not differ in its essentials from that planned by Ber- lier. twenty years ago; but it Is felt that the case for the tunnel hes been strengthened in the interval, and it is 1 believed that the capital could now be t found''without seeking any financial aid from either the french or Spanish Governments. The Dead to the Lining. 0 you that still have rain and sun, hisses of children nail of wife, And the good earth to tread upon, And the mere sweetness that is life, Forget us not, who gave all tlteao !Poe something dearer and for you] Think in what cause we crossed the seas! Remember, he who :fails, the chal- lenge rails tie, too, Now in the hour that shows the strong. - - The soul no evil powers affray•-.; )rive ,straight against embattled Wrong; Faith ]snows lust one, the hardest way. Enduite; the emu is want the thgoa, Give, give; mad bare, and again hare! Ott, to that Wrong's great overthrcwl We are with you, of you; ta'o the pain and Victory share, ,lapin has beau added to the ronnt- tties using motion pictures for edu- For goads wattle !1 'ail be a great cationol purposes, U.S. TROOPS USE CAMOUFLAGE EN Kill MYSTIFIED BY YANKEE TREES Steel Cores in Make-lit•lieve Forest Cenceel Hidden Observers Who Watch the Foe. A franc -believe forest stands along ih' edge of the road at the entrance to the Anmerieme camouflage elation here. It looks as natural as the real woody along the fighting front, with the shiny silver hark of the beeches, Ile rough, jagged trunks of the old apple trees, and the sprouting tops cf the dwarf v'iilmes, same a wet• ctsr- rennoni'.ent. Yet, every tree in the camouflage forest hos a steel cote within n •hi'lt an ober"er peers forth to watch the movements of o r enemy or ,t and, rials gun i$ loceted to ..weep ferih from its hidden relent. They is e nuly one of th;, many . tr:ntge da,vr ee to de- rel-' and mystify the enemy which this camouflage stati ar i -a saucl'ng faith to the army. Camouflage is one of the. distinctly new products of the war, even in the name:, which was used for the Chet time by General de Ca icu,'u, Chief of Steff of General Joflra.. The word ie not good French, but comes frena the arget, or French slung the veth "e:merger" being used by Fiench po- lies to indicate any disguise teed to capturecrintinnls, Tor example, a de- tective camoufieges 1.' "f by •lr?ss- ing AS a coachman. Follow Allies' Methods, Earl;, in the war the fermate por- trait painter. Giron clew Sireia, con- ceived the idea of disguising batteries ' and buildings by painting them in fantlstic patterns blending with the landscape. IIe laid the Ilan before General de Castlenau, n'ho, struck with the nrsetical value of the plan, !exclaimed "Camouflage," And from ' that time the word grew and with it grew into a tremendous magnitude this art of misleading the enemy. The American array has been ma:k= ing Kull use of the strange new w•ea- eon of warfare end the camouflage plant is one of the moat complete in existence with a working force of namely one thousand end a staff in- cluding many of the well-known mural artists anti cle'ot'utors and sculptors of America, all of them en- gaged in producing these carious de- vices by which military art deceives the enemy. But there must be something more than 'stage properties in the produc- tions of these artiste. They must be practical and suited to the used of nvarfare, and it is the part of Colonel Bennion., head of the camouflage sta- tion, to keep these extistie protium tions within practical 1amits, NAME FOR TANKS They Were Rivetted Up Near Front Line But Hidden From Men. Jest how the armored tractors, used for the first time by the British against the Huns, were given the name "tanks' is told by Horace Gaul, a veteran of the war, "I was sent across with Canadian troops shortly after the outbreak of the war," said Mr. Gaul, "as a mem- her of the Eighth Batta•+lion, First Division, the 'Little Blank Devils.' In the front lines we used to get our supply of water from small tanks conveyed from the purifying plants to the trenches by motor cars, Itt a few months we began to hear the sonnei of rivets being driven. This went on clay and night for months, and when we asked what they were malting they told us 'tanks.' For a pear this went on, and we began to think they must have had enough tanks made to carry all the }nater in the world. "Ono day there carate a huge, lum- bering steel fortress on wheelas. It wept right across No Man's Land and 'cleaned' up a party of Hons. flight then and there they were christened 'tanks' by the men, and that mune has stuck to them ever since,' Food Situation in Italy, In order to meet the enarmous army demands for meat in Italy, the slaughter of cattle for the civilian supply hat had to be reduced frons the pre-war consumption of TO gram- mes a day per person to a grammes a day. The extreme shortage of beef has reacted on the consumption of snbt:titutes so that there is now a very great demand for these, espoetaliy fish of all kinds and pork. 'There has also been a climinuation of over 80 per cent in the production of milk, butter and cheese. Another argument for more Canadian girls troths; in for dairying. Oldest Timber in the World, What is described as the oldest. timber in the world which Isis been used by man is found in an ancient temple of. Egypte This timber is used in connection with stone work, which is known to be more than 4,000 years old. This wood --send the only wood employed itt the construction of the toanpla—is in the form of ties which hold the end of one stone to another, The ties appear to Ito tamarisk, of i ,HEROIC CONDCCT OF CANADA'S SONS TURN DEFEAT INTO VICTORY BY DARING DEEDS t1 Some Example» of the Magniflaent Bravery and Inspiring Leader- ship of Dominion Soldiers. Dere are more tales of personal heroism during the battle of Cern- bral: A Lieutenant of a Nova ideotia regi- ment, finding the advance of lila brigade held up by heavy' machine gun fire on both flanks and the thick, nevelt wire still before the enemy trr,clae;, crowded forward alone through a hail of fire. Ire found a emall gap and through this he led, his men, organ sin g bombing parties. Tim enemy center -attacked in force, and, running short of bombs, the eontpay found itself in • a critical esituatian. Although wounded In the head, the Lieutenant went back alone to our attacking line, and going from company to company, gathered a sup ply of bomhs. Ile received a slight wound in the side during the trip. On his rettmn- he found but a mere handful of men, but immediately or, ganlzed them and then started bomb- Log the enemy out of his defence=ays- tent, whirls ]fere consisted of numer- t as email detached trenches, a few fret long. He was, therefore, obliged to emerge over tate top from one to another, but succeeded in clearing the system himself, killing eleven anti taking twenty-five prisoners, He etea'lfas tly refused to he evacuated, remaining with the coinpany for two daps, until badly wounded in the back and gassed, when he was ordered out by senior officers, e made hie report and then collapsed,. having been sustained only by his passionate devotion to duty. Rallied at Critical Juncture. In the some battle a Captain of a light infantry regiment assumed command of a battalion whoa the senior officers became casualties. At on September 30, when three companies on the left were "badly diem -garden:, and were even begin- ning to withdraw from positions so hardly won, he went forward, rally- ing men at this critical juncture and succeeded in penetrating to their ob- jective. By his cheerfulness and un- flagging energy and utter disregard of danger, he so inspired all ranks that they willingly followed him through a most intense shell and ma- chine gun fire. It was entirely due to lois magnificent work that part of Tilley, which was of critical strategic importance, remained in our hands on that day. A Captain of a mounted rifle batb- talion, when his men were being deci- mated by machine gun fire, al- though wounded, dashed forward alone into an enemy machine gun nest, and armed only with rifle and bayonet, killed four ad tock eight prisoners. He gathered his men to- gether and under a withering fire organized a Harty to fill in the gap on the flank and reinforce the troops attacking Tilley. Hearing that the Commanders of two other companies advancing on his right were casual- ties. and seeing that the stubborn re- sistance of the enemy was holding up the entire line, he undertook, amid a storm of fire, the reorganiza- tion of these platoons, and. taking command of our leading waves, con- tinued to advance. His magnificent bravery and heroic leadership turned an imminent defeat into victory. e--.0-- DYES .-0-- DYES OF EARLIER DYES Were Obtained From Natural Objects, as Plants and Inses'.e•. What did people no for dyes be- fore the days of coal -Car derivatives?! Dr, Louis J. Matos says that dyers were accustomed to rely upon the indigo plant for blue, madder roof; for a brilliant ('Turkey) red, safflow- ers afflowers for a beautiful pink and saffron for yellow, supplemented by dogwood, Brazil wood, "lac," bukthorn berries. and kerntee" for crimson. There were other kinds of tropical woods and barks; also tumeric (a plant of the ginger family) for yellow, and, by no means to be forgotten, cochineal Cochineal, lac and Lames were (and are to -day) derived from tiny ineeets --the fist -named being com- monly propagated on a species of ratites, their natural food plant, culti- vated for the purpose. From the wools were derived reds and browns meetly. They were ground OP rasped to a powder and sold in this shape to the dyers, who boiled them to get the wrote, the infusions bouts. obtained being called "liquors." Those were days when the art of dyeing held many secrets that woi.o handed down from father to son, with valuable recipes for coloring wool; cotton and silk: When the war l,raupltt a fanzine of. teal -tar dyes, the dyes fell back on the old -tine colors, which fetched fancy prices for a while. But, unfore: tunate{ly, they did net know Trow to use, thentt. The ancient recipes were lost and the craftsmen wlgo under., stood there were long dead. No artitleiul dye quite equals ipdigo for blue or madder for rod, The same s true of'log;ivatod for Meek. To -day' o. ood is the standard against Web artificial blacks aro fudged which the ark was eonetrueted.