The Brussels Post, 1918-5-2, Page 7arm r p vex es
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Conducted by Prafettsor Henry G. I;ell
The object of thle department le to place at tho tier-
vice of out farm readers the advice of an acknowledged
authority on all subjects pertaining to soils and Crops,
Address all questions to Professor Henry G. Belt, In
care of The Wilson Publishing Company, Limited, Toronto,
and answers will appear In this column in the order in
which they are received. As space Is limited it is advis.
able where immediate reply is necessary that a stamped
and addressed envelope be enclosed with the question,
when the answer will be mailed direct.
G. O.:— I have fourteen acres of
rolling clay soil to plant to beans this
year. Would like to get advice as to
fertilizer. Would you advise eising
fertiliztr ort this land, and if so, how
notch lies acre, and what kind?
.Answer:—Large bean growers have
obtained very satisfactory results
from proper fertilization of their bean
crops. On clay soil I would advise
using from 200 to 400 bushels per
acre of fertilizer carrying 1 to 2 per
cent. ammonia, 10 to • 12 per cont.
available phosphoric acid, and 1 per
cent. potash. Rest results are obtain-
ed by applying this fertilizer through
the fertilizer section of the grain
drill. Many bean growers recommend
spreading the fertilizer 7 to 14 days
before planting the beans. If you do
not have a grain drill with fertilizer
dropping section, any broadcasting
machinery such as a lime spreader
will distribute the fertilizer on top of
the plowed ground. Careful harrow-
ing and dishing will work it in.
'When fertilizers are applied through
the grain fertilizer drill it should be
allowed to drop through the hoe on
each side of the one dropping beetle,
but not in the hoe that is dropping the
seed. If fertilizers are carefully aps
plied as described, they supply avail-
eble plantfood to the young growing
crop and give it material assistance.
Do not drop the beans on the fertili-
zers.
H. P.:-1 have tett acres of clay
loans soil that I intend to sow to oats.
1 have sown alfalfa on this same piece
of ground two previous years to .inocu-
late and I wish to sow alfalfa with the
oats this year. Could you advise me
if lime sown with the oats would in-
jure them? Would lime help to stiffen
the straw so they would not lodge?
What kind and how much lime to sow?
Ilow many pounds of alfalfa is neces-
sary?
Answer:—It will help your oat crop
and greatly assist the catch of alfalfa
to apply lime to your soil at the time
you are seeding your oats, Lime will
.help strengthen the oat straw. Pos-
eibly the best form of lime to use is
vewtd limestone at the rate of one to
two tons per acre. Successful alfalfa
growers use from 15 to 20 pounds of
good seed per acre,
P. F.:—We re contemplating grow-
ing a small ac,tage of sugar beets the
coming season and as it will be our
first experience along this line we
would like to have your advice as to
what. analysis of fertilizer to use. One
field is heavy ground with clay subsoil.
The other is black grotrel with gravel-
ly bottom. '
Answer:—For fertilizer for sugar
beets use from 400 to 800 pounds per
etre of fertilizer analysing 2 to 4 per
Cent. ammonia, 8 to 1.2 per cent, avail
able phosphoric acid, and 3 to 5 per
pent. potash. The higher potash ferti-
lizer should be used on the black
ground since muck soils are always
short of this type of plantfood, For
best results apply 200 pounds of ferti-
lizer through the fertilizer attachment
of your sugar -beet drill when plant-
ing the seed. The remainder of the
fertilizer should be spread on the
ggrt•ound by the fertilizer dropper grafin!
drill or a broadcast lime -and -fertilizer
spreader. If it is applied through the
lime spreader the ground should be
thoroughly disked and harrowed be-
fore the beets are sown so the ferti-
lizer will be well worked into the soil,
R. S.:—I intend sowing a small
strip in my garden this spring with
alfalfa and orchard grass in alternate
rows. I thought us they came on
about the same time they would make
a good combination for cow feed.
What do yeu think of the plan and
how far should the rows be apart?
Answer: -Alfalfa and orchard
grass ripen about the same thne.
Grass of any sort tends to kill out
elfalfa. You will do better to sow
xews of alfalfa if you want to grow
this crop or if you want a maximum
quantity of feed I would adviee you to l
sow ensilage corn If you are sow-
MUSKRATS...W'Aa" TED
I I}vtn pay ]itthlt t�arttet Drlces
for Ruta, ('ilns�ng hoot an4 al] other
raw 20 furs,
of reliable trading
Befereaoe—vnle* se, of VauaQa
N. SILVER
Rao 9t, pour se. w.. Montreal, P.Q.,Q
rare
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cilantro a , �0 a vvit4
SA{t0 poWdaro• 1 as t ppGov$ this M1bottt th0 0]d
llemu I laevo per yeti aha hne never *hewed
dd caress pave e'
FgaWo ays sue> Twill., thee In thie enol y
fill we pond lull Woek'A tri 1 �o, +sr
r �o aoverpq�°IABo and ritytppi�
t{>�ltlous ygifFlteaVgiliallogsC,
o•. ay. 40 Outer strut, users,ont.
1
ing alfalfa put the rows 12 to 18
inches apart,
Subscriber:—The rhubarb here has
been platted. several years, seems to
be thriving well but appears tough
and lasts but a very short season and
requires to be peeled for cooking.
'can not you state the cause and
adviee me some means of making it
O.K. for this season and when to re-
set?
Answer:—It may be that your rhu-
barb is not of the most tender variety.
' However, if you know that it is, the
probabilities are that the plantfood
necessary to produce an abundant and
tender crop is lacking. At any time
now sow fertilizer at the rate of 60
lbs. to a space measuring. 20 feet by
30 feet between the rows of rhubarb.
Do not let the fertilizer drop immedi-
ately on the rhubarb, but keep it about
3 to 5 inches away from the plants.
Follow the application with thorough
raking or digging, at a depth not to
exceed 2 to 8 inches, so as to work the
plantfood into the soil. Just after
you have begun to pull the rhubarb
scatter a few handfuls more of the
fertilizer among the rows and rake it
in. This additional plan5ifood will
assist the growing crop. The reason
the rhubarb fails to yield and gets
tough is because its supply of plant -
food is running short. When autumn
comes give the rhubarb bed a good
top -dressing of manure,
Reader: -1. I have a piece of clay
ground which I have had in potatoes
for two years and I intend sowing
wheat on this year, and I aek your ad-
vice in regard to best resules. Would
it be wise,to put any more manure
on? 2. Wheat would be a good mix-
ture of grass seed to sow for hog pas-
ture? 3. What do you think about
sowing oats on sod which has to be
plowed this spring?
Answer: -1. If you manure(' the
potatoes heavily I would not advise
your adding more stable manure in
preparing it for wheat. I would ad-
vise adding about 200 to 800 lbs, of
fertilizer carrying at least 1 to 2 per
cent. ammonia, and 10 to 12 per cent.
available phosphoric acid, The rea-
son for the advice is that stock ma-
nure is weak in plant ripener—phos-
phoric acid—and the addition of the
fertilizer in question will greatly as-
sist your crops in rapidity of growth
and maturity and will also give plum-
per grain, This fertilizer should be
scattered like ashes over the plowed
ground and worked in by careful har-
rowing. If you have a lime spread-
er this machine will distribute the
fertilizer evenly, If., however, you
have a grain drill with fertilizer
dropping compartment, of course the
application of fertilizer through the
grain drill equipment will give the
boot application possible. 2. For pas-
ture for hogs, alfalfa is generally ad-
vised. It will not make immediate
pasture but should have at least one
season's growth, so the crop will be
well established before turning the
stock on it.' The alfalfa, mixture
snakes abundant growth and quality
of the forage Is ouch that brood sows
can to a large extent, be maintained
on the grass and hay, The Experi-
mental Farms report advises the
growing of oats and pans or peas
alone. Of course the grain of the
peas Is high in protein and the pea
vines along with the green oats forms
n nutritious fodder, A mixture of
peas and oats will give pasture thia
sun imer, while the crop of alfalfa as
stated before, should have sufficient
time to become established before the
stock is turned on it. 8. Oats may be
sown on sod land which has been
plowed this spring. However, the
plowing should not be too deep or
else the water supply for the oat crop
might be seriously impaired. I pre-
fer using plowed sod for potatoes or
sone other cultivated crop since cul-
tivation gives chance to rid the soil
of weeds before the grain and grass
CMS 0.1'0 SOW71.
TheBoyand His Calf.
It is a long time since we heard the
first atory about the farmer who gave
Bill a calf and then sold it and pocket-
ed the money when the calf became a
cow. Int the last chapter of thin story,
Bill ie tearfully bidding his mother
good-bye at the garden gate and is
headed for the "wicked city" No
more farming for ilio If father is go-
ing to confiscate his calf business. We
have not heard that story in quite a
and believe t
whileo vo the the organiza-
tion
r a
gniza-
tion of boys' and girls' clubs and the
general tendency to Interest t hoys in
farm1 ife is doing* a good 'Noris. The
daily rresata filled with daily
accounts
of boys who have made good with
their live stock, and between the lines
everyone can see that it is due to the
fact that honest fathers are giving thg
boys a chance to learn something
about the farming business-
Lemon jellyy ie 'good served with
sliced bananas,
R®w and When To Spray
(Continued From Last Week.)
Apple Scab i til the entire fruit. ruts. Spraying to
Apply scab „teles small de,,eee. control cureulio luso keeps this under
snots on leavee, causing them to drop, Gasmen'. If neeessary use self -boiled
On fruit. it cuses ,mail cirenlar dark lime sulphur with two pounds o` ar•
a
:spots, which grow and cause the fruit senate of lead to fifty gallons of tits
to crack. Sent) is worse during wet, solution just as the ealyces or sheeks
l aoasous, are falling from the fruit. Two or
eno
D119171 commercial lime sulphur; three weeks later spray again.
with two pounds of arsenate of lead I Peach Leaf Curl
and spray just; before the blossoms
buds begin to open; spray again just 1 This disease causes light green, yel-
after tits blossom petals fall, begin lowish or reddish, wrinkled er swollen
Hing when twn•thirda of the blossoms: leaves, which drop early, Spray with
have fallen, and again two weeks after commercial lime sulphur, one part to
the petals fall. Spray before rains, 6ft.een parts of water. Spraying
not after• for scale in the spring will control
peach leaf curl.
Pear Slugand Psylla
Miscellaneous
Pear slug attacks pears, apples, Gypsy ,oath, tussock math, brown
plume and cherries, skeletonizing the ; tail moth and cankerworm are check -
leaves. It is a small slimy black I ed by spraying with arsenate of lead
worm about half an inch long. Spray -
when caterpillars first appear. Elm
ing with two and ono -half pounds of loaf beetle should be met with arsen-
arsenate of lead to fifty gallons of !
water will kill the larvae. ate of lead sprayed on the under side!
Pear psylla, a small winged insect; of the leaves as soon as the leaves
one-tenth of an inch long, lives over, ha" , .:eloped.
Never sera ach trees
ewith or-
i .• i n 1 p
B
w neer n 1 crevice. o£ the burl.. Y
to s
Lime sulphur, one part to eight parts ; deaux or commercial lime sulphur
of water, sprayed while the trees aro when the foliage is on the trees. Self -
dormant is the remedy, and the pear boiled lime sulphur is supposed not to
leaf blister mite, which causes reddish injure the foliage of the peach, but
blisters on the leaves, later turning should be tested carefully, and unless
black, will be controlled by the dor_, the user is confident from experience:
mant spraying for the psylla. !that he can safely use it better omit.
Arsenate of lead should be used only.
Brown Rot I with three or four
pounds of lime;
Brown rot attacks cherries, peaches, slaked and added to each fifty gallons i
plums and other stone fruite. Small ; to counteract the burning tendency of i
;brown spots on the fruit enlarge un- the lead.
SPRAYING TIME TABLE
Apple ! lead two pounds, lime two pounds, to
First. Spray in winter or late spring: qty gallons water,
. when trees are dormant. Boiled' Third. A month after the petala
lime sulphur, drop. Lime sulphur 8-8-50 and two
Second. Just as the leaf buds open. pounds arsenate of lead,
and before blooming time. Bordeaux! Fourth. A month before fruit rip
4-4-60 and two pounds arsenate of ens, lime sulphur, 8-8-50.
lead. Cherry
Third. Just aftor petals fall ftom
blossoms. Same spray as in second.I
Use high pressure on sprayer. !
Fourth. Ten days after third. Sema
spray,
I'eacI
First. Winter, or spray before the
buds begin to swell. Lime sulphur
8-8-60.
Second. At the time the calices of
the fruit are dropping. Arsenate of
Past. Late winter or early spring,
Second, Just after the blossoms
fall, Bordeaux, 3-3-60, lead arsenate,
three pounds to fifty gallons,
Third. Ten daya later. Lime. sul-
phur, 8-8-50,
Fourth. After fruit la picked. Bor-
deaux, 3-3-60,
Pear
First. Winter or early spring„ be-
fore buds open. LIme sulphur, 8-8-50,
I
Second ,lust before the blossoms
open. Bordeaux 3-3-511, and arsenate
of lead, three pounds,
Third Just after petals full. Bor-
deaux, 343410, and arseuute of lead
three pounds, !
Fourth. Ten days later. Same spray.
Plum
Plums are sprayed the mono as
peaches. Bordeaux is likely to injure,
the foliage of Japanese pleme, Use
lime sulphur,
Grape
First. Before buds el em. Bordeaux,
6-5-50.
Seennd. As boder are swelling. Bor-
denux and arsenate of lead, three
pounds to fifty gallons.
Third. Just befure the blessoms
open. Bordeaux, 5-5-50; arsenate
lead, three pounds to fifty gallons.
Fourth. ,lust us the fruit sets. Same
spray.
Fifth. Ten days later. Same spray.
Sixth. The first of July. Same.
spray.
If there is black rut, spraying must
he done after each rain.
Very often the first two sprayings
can be omitted.
Raspberry and Blaekberry
h'irst. Early spring when canes aro
dormant. Lime sulphur, 8-8-50.
Second. Just before leaves appear.
Bordeaux, 343-60.
Third. When buds are swelling.
Same spray.
Fourth. When the young canesi
are six to eight inches high. Lime'
sulphur. I
Currant and Gooseberry
First. Early spring before leaves
open, Lime sulphur. '
Second. As the leaves are opening.
Bordeaux, 3-3-50.
Third. Two weeks after leaves
start unfolding. Bordeaux, 3-3-50,
arsenate of lead, 3 pounds to 50 gal -
]ons. IP waehe.d ntf by rain apply
again.
Fourth. Two weeks later. I.ime
sulphur.
g
Try potatoes in some new way two
or three times a week.
Arthur peas stand to -day among
field peas as the earliest in commerce
that will give profitable yield. There
are earlier field varieties and very
early varieties among the garden
sorts, but they will not return, when
grown for general purposes, a com-
mensurate profit on the labor expend-
ed.
�h
Siert With Grade echeep.
The inexperienced man should star
with grade sheep. If after raisin
grades for a time he finds that h
li};P.; sheep and knows sumcthing
aboutthem, he may establish a pure
bred flock. Ire establishing• a pure
bred flack one ebould firat decide on
the breed to be handled, A breed
should be selected that is adapted to
the local climatic conditions and is
popular, in order that a ready market
may be available for the surplus
eteck.
The most important consideration in
establishing a pure-bred flock is the
seleetion of the foundation ewes. Few
people realize the impertanee of goad
ewes.
Ewers typical of the breed they re-
present, and uniform in size and con-
formation, ehould be selected because
they will raise more uniform lambs;
and uniform lambs find a market
much more quickly than Iambs that
are off type and lacking in uniformity.
Ewes that have a feminine, motherly
appearance should be selected, as this
is an indication of prolific breeders
and good mothers. Tine eyes should
be large, clear, and bright, yet placid,
indicating a kind disposition.
The ewes should show plenty of con-
stitution by a wide spring of ribs, and
a deep, full chest. They should have
a strong back with a thick covering of
natural flesh. A little more length
of coupling is desirable in the ewe
than in the ram, and the hips should
be wide apart and the hind quarters
full. The body should stand square-
ly an the four legs, and the feet and
pasterns should be strong. The wool
should be dense and have quality,
strength, and lustre.
When establishing a grade flock it
is well to choose good, strong owes
and a pure-bred ram of mutton type.
This makes an excellent foundation.
The ewes should be young, uniform in
size and 'build, and show constitution
and vigor, Each individual sheep
should be examined for age, and only
those with good mouths should be
chosen for breeding purposes.
e'+
Severely cold weather is likely to
kill corn seed. A large amount of
corn exposed to the weather in cribs
last winter was killed. Beep seed
corn in a dry place over winter where
the temperature never goes below 35
or 40 degrees.
THE FARM WELL
Good water is as essential as good
t: food for the maintenaiime of health in
id the family and the thrift of the ferns
live stook. An ample supply of pure,
' wholesome water is not only a bless -
Ing of inestimable value but one of
- the must valuable assets it farm can
possess. There is no country in the
world with a greater ahurel nice of
pure water in lakes, rivers and
springs than Canada and there is lie
'insuperable difficulty in the larger
number of our agricultural districts
in obtaining a supply ample and pure.
A glanee through the annual reports
of the Experimental Farms shows
that the Division of Chemistry is do-
ing a valuable woe's towards the im-
provement of the farm water supplies
throughout the Dominion. In the
course of the past thirty years many
hundreds of samples from farm wells
have been analysed and reported on.
A perusal of these reports shows that
year in and year out only about one-
third of the waters were pronounced
as pure and wholesome„ in other
words, were free from excretal drain-
age matter. This le nut ae it should
be and the reason is not hard to find.
In too many instances convenience
'only has been considered in locating
1 the well. For the most part we find
these polluted wells under stables, in
barnyards or dangerously near the
privy or where the elope from the
. farm house are thrown out. Wells in
such locations can never be depended
on to yield pure water. They must
sooner er later become polluted by
filth draining into them from the sur-
rounding soil, which inevitably be-
comes saturated with manurial pro-
ducts. These wells indeed act as cess
pits and the records show not a few
instances in which the water of such
wells posseseed a distinct fertilizing
Ivalue from the presence of excretal
matter.
The lesson from these facts is: don't
sacrifice health to convenience, locate
the well at a safe distance -50 to 100
yards at least—from any possible
source of contamination. A bored or
drilled well tapping a deep seated
'source tightly sealed off at the junc-
tion of the ,oil and rock, is likely to
give the purest supply. If a dug well,
line it to a depth of 10 or 12 feet with
concrete or puddled clay, 4 to G inches
in thickness, to ensure the exclusion
' of water from the surface layers of
soil. Keep the surroundings of the well
absolutely clear from the accumula-
tion of filth and preferably in the
grass. Make provision to earre- off
the waste water from the pump, so
that it may not re-enter the well and
eo protect the mouth of the well that
eurface water cannot flow in and mice,
frogs, snakes, etc., are excluded, With
wells such as these pure water may
be secured. A wind -mill, gasoline en-
gine or hand force pump will be found
a paying investment, enabling the wa-
ter to be piped to the house, stable and
barn, thus securing running water in
the farm building, a convenience and
blessing that needs only to be experi-
enced to be appreciated.
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ANADIANS have good reason to be proud of the position Canada
lu
4.. holds in the world today. This pride is justified by the activities of
her people, by her unlimited natural resources, by her splendid institu-
tions, and particularly by ber industries.
Facts about the immensity of
some Canadian industries would
astonish most people.
These industriee, when viewed
in the light of comparison with
other countries, are simply,tre-
mendous.
The growth of any industry is
limited to the number of people
it can serve, and that is a fact not:
often properly appreciated when
Canadian industnes are compared
to similar enterprises in, say, the
United States.
For example: the population
of the United States exceeds
too,000,000. .,Opportunity for in-'
dustries there is almost unlimited,
In _comparison, Canada with its'
seven million population is a.small
country—yet•tn spite of this comp'
paratively small population, Cin-,
ada 'possesses several industnes
which in actual size rank among'
the biggest in the world,
In shoemaking, one Canadian
concern has developed a volume'
of business and a service to the
Canadian people which is not
3T. 70116f
equalled by another shoe manu-
facturer anywhere in the world;
This concern, if located in the
United States, 'would rank as one
of the twelve largest out of some
two thousand shoe manufacturers
there:
While the sales of the largest
shoe manufacturer in the United
States ---selling to the .American
people—do not exceed twenty-five
cents per capita per year, the sales
'of Ames Holden McCready to the
Canadian people last year were
approximately righty cents per
capita.
In a comparative sense, there-
fore, this Canadian concern 10
greater than, the foremost Ameri-
can 'shoe manufacturer in the
United States.
Thus Ames Holden McCready
truly merit the distinction of their
title ."Shoemakers to the Canadian
Nation."
Just imagine for a moment the
enormous work of supplying a large
portion of Canada's 7,000,000 peo-
ple with its boots and shoes:
—it requires --huge up-to-date fac-
tories equipped with the most
modern maohinery able to turn
out 8,000 pairs of shoes a day'
—it requires --a variety of 'nearly
Soo different styled to meet the
requirements of all classes of peo-
ple, for different grades, shapes and
kinds of., shoes.
--'is requires --the maintenance of
six large distributing branches in
principal cities from coast to coast,
and in these are carried over a
million dollars worth of stock,
ready for quick delivery to re-
tailers,
—it requires—sixty travelling sales-
men to call on the retail trade,
because out of approximately
to,000 retail dealers who sell shoes
in Canada more than 5,000 handle
A.H.M. Shoes.
—it requires—many other details
of orenization and equipment,
but this brief outline will give you
some slight idea of the part that:
this great shoe concern is playing in
the busiliess of supplying footwear''
to the CCanadian people.,
Yon will be interested in these facts, because the next time you buy footwear,
bearing the A.hT.Mt .£rand, you will know that they are the product of a large and,
efficient orgariixation making shoes which will in every ,case give ,you the greatest,
value for your money.
,.MES HOLDEN MCCREADY
MONPREAI,
"Shoemakers to the Nation„
TORONTO
N!.
'f'''"••:• 'hon you b>ry
Shoos took far-.
WINNIPEG
EDMONTON
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mall aEAL
FACTORY
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Bringing lip the Calf.
During periods wh I
et feeds are high
in price the tendency is for farmers
to limit the amount given to animals.
Perhapa in no case is it more unwise
to cut down in feeding than in the
case of the young calf. The future
development and profitableness of the
I animal depend so much on the first
six months of the calf's life that this
is well named the critical period of an
animal's life.
If a pure-bred bull calf, the size and
thrift of the animal will be an indica-
tion of his value. If a grade bull
Icalf, unless one has a special market
for sucks, the animal had best be die -
posed of at an early age. In case of
heifer calves, farmers look to these
animals to replace the milking herd,
and it is important that they be given
a good start in life.
The common method of raising cal -
yes, and the method which gives very
good success, is to allow the calf to
run with its dam for the first two or
three days. After this the calf can
be taken away, and fed its mother's
milk for a week, After this time it is
not necessary that the calf receive its
mother's milk, but it should receive
whole milk for the next tevo weeks.
At the end of this time, if the calf is
in good condition, it can be changed
to skimmed milk.
This change should be made by
gradually reducing the whole milk and
making up the difference with Win-
med milk, using four or five days to
make the change. The amount of milk
the calf will take must be regulated
by the size and the appetite of the
calf. It is best not to feed the calf
too much, rather let him be a little'
hungry. Generally a small Jersey or
Guernsey calf will take two quarts of
mills at a feeding, evhile a Holstein
or an Ayrshire will take three quarts
at a feeding to start with. This
amount can be gradually increased as
the calf increases in size, up to the
time when it receives 12 to 14 pounds
I
o .els
of skimmed milk per day for small
calves, and tG to 20 pounds for larger
anhnals.
At this ti e
m,or even before c rr the
change is made to skimmed milk, the
xalf
should be given a small amount
of bran or a mixture of bran and oats
or brat and cracked corn. The calf
can easily be taught to eat grain by
placing a small amount of the grain
in the calf's mouth after it has had its
infill. The calf will also begin to oat
hay when three to four 'nolo old>