The Brussels Post, 1889-1-18, Page 1Volume 16.
East 1. iron Farmers'
Institute,
A V11I10 I:rlltnl'.aTulo t1A'r1I33l1'1 .
Last, Friday and Saturday the semi.
annual meeting of the least Huron
Farmers' Institete was held in the Town
hall in this place, The forenoon suasion
on Friday was devoted purely to
nese. elle Socletary-Treasurer's report
nae road and cornified to by the auditors,
Mowing a coat balance 011 hand. 0»
motion of Duncan MMlcimuchlhl and 0.
Rote:roam the rep •rt :site adopted.
elnved by Simon Forey:h, attended by
I). MrLmehIin that the following• ollicers
be oemted for the current year
11 OM Motet them, P resideet ;
Jut, MOCra0, let Vice Proeidont;
A. L. Gibson, -end `rice I'lesideut;
Win, Bishop, see, Tretstwer;
. h11ett,liobt. McMillan and J. Briton
MoIiillop, '1'.F.. Hayti and A. Gardner ;
Grey, B. Dilworth and 1i, Boberur0n
Brussel'', W. 11. McCracken and J. N.
Knechtel ;
Morris,.... S. Walker and Jas, Sharp ;
Turnborry, S. Blank and T. Mosgrovo ;
Wroxetor, T. Sanders end A. Gibson ;
Howiok, Robt.Edgar and Wm. Mo
leerrioher. Carried. A, L. Gibson and
U. McFadden were appointed reprosenta.
tives to the Central ,farmers' Ilnstitute,
P0IDAe' enen000)1..
There was e, large and representative
turn -out of farmers present and after a
few pointed remarks from President
McFadden on the suc:oess of this Insti.
Into and the aSSistttn00 It was to those
who took advantage of it.
The first topio was "The Principles of
Plowing," by Dan. Robertson. The
following excellent paper was read :
Every operation of agriculture may be
said to involve certain principles, a
knowledge of which is essential more or
lees to the success of rho farmer. It is
proposed thea to consider some of rho
prmcipleo which gelato to the tillage of
the soil by that important implement
the plow. The remarks to bo (node will
have special reference to the effeot of
different operations on the soil, though
the proper shape and conetruetion of
plows for different purposes ratty be in-
oidentally .nlontioned. The chief object
of plowing may be safd to bo the for
amazon of a 0, ed. bed but the particular
manner of attaining this objOOt roust de.
pend on the nates, of the soil end the
crop to be cultivated, hence in order to
facilitate an undel'standis+g of the (hirer-
ent branch. a of tho subject it will bo
vecesearyy to treat it under different
pleads. In the first place teen, stiff or
cls: soil will be considered. A general
principle is eotitained in the saying
"make heavy laud lighter and light land
lit eater." This may be oabed the of the
chief rules of farming, because either of
the extremes of heavilese or lightness of
soil is unfavorable to the production of
crops. The principal aim then in the
tillage of stiff or heavy soils should be to
make it lighter and more mallow. Hot
the question is naturally suggested in the
outset, why should heavy sol bo made
lighter ? For several reasons. In the
first plane such soils aro naturally un-
favorable to the growth of most Drops.
The beeriness and compactness prevent
the proper extension of the roots of
plants compress them within narrow
bounds and of course re5triet them to e,
small supply of food. In the next plaoe
there ie a tendency in clay soils to render
inactive the vegetable nutrition whioh
they curtain. It is a common exprereloo
Cast such soils hold manures, that is the
manures aro Looked up by, some prinea
pal whioh prevent them being fill on by
plants. It has been proved, by experi-
ments, that clay or earth in which It is
m principal ingredient has a ebroug
affinity fol ceratin properties of rnanuros,
as amenia, potash, Soda, tee. The ex-
periment needed to, consisted in mixing
repaid manures with valines panicles of
sand, ordinary loam and play. The
coloring matter end the odor were ab-
stracted from the manures in proportion
to the amount of clay oontaiued in rho
earth. Similar experiments have been
triad with light sell which in several in-
stances omitted ammonicel odors after
thorough mixture with clayey soil no
smell could bo detected. On the other
hand the Bandy soil or that destibnte of
clay permitted the free escape of gasses
ne proved by the presentee of disagree-
able odors and by rho liiluido retaining
their coloring matter. There is another
well known property in clays which
serves to explain their tendency and
roach the general pri0laiple 0n whioh we
started that they- should bo made lighter
ancd more exposed to atmospherio action.
The binding mature of such soils can
hardly have escaped tho observation of
everyone of us, we see that if clay while
in a moist state is out from eta bed in
pieces thole 4s a teudenoy iu theparticles
whieb form these pieoos to cohere, as the
moisture evaporates they become hard.
The firmness with whi:11 they thus urnfto
depeudo mull on the sino of the pieces,
If they are a foot num they bind to-
gether and remain more or less ho these
dimensions because the air acts on but
it comparatively small part, but if they
aro only an inch square the strength of
cohereion fs proportionally loss and the
exposure to the air proportionally more
eoneoguently the Rum division is more
favorable to friability or mellowness.
Ippon those and other principles then
rest the advantage of thorough fallowing
for stiff soils, The fregeenb working
that armee or teb0orbtleil of oxygen,
which es so important in cheating the
nooeesary decomposition and bringing
the soil to a state whioh enables plaits
to dorivo from it full support. It is tract
that the n0000eity Joe open or naked
fa11owo has boon dam matey with in
some ee8peets on plays by the oultivation
of crops which tend to keep the soil
open, as rho various root Or0po, peas and
eleven, but the eff0ot in both oases be
similar viz. the improved friability of
tho soil. The 30011101111) condition then
of the seed bed whioh we Wish to pro-
duce on Stiff, olayoy soi']s is One Of light.
tees and neoll0wnos0, Hence 'that 11)040
of 3100113 whiat' would effect the meet
Untangle 11Malting and exposgre to ..the
BRUSSELS, ONTARIO, FRIDAY, JAN. 18, 1889. Number 27.
air would bo meet tele entarente It is ages of submit plowing, 11 hard pan Is
kproper to remark, however, that the often furm0d so near the surface ns to be
ind of plough to be 0.itd f e. see!) stile 113110lone to crops, if this hard prat is
depends au whether or not oho land has snibeieutly broken up by the subsoll
a coating of ea 'eteti0l1 to be tient 11 plow the rain eater in commotion with
under, If it has no vegetation on it. the air will dissolve out the substances
serla0e the most onmplete ennobling which wore injurious to veg-,titian and
would bout coincide with 4110 mails prin- give to the roots of phoebe a wider range
ciploe whittle ten have before laid down for food. Subsoiling requires to bo delle
and to effect this .a plow with it wicl•, when the soil ie dry, Or cmnperativoly
monde board or one in which the hoard ee, the impe:meet then thoroughly
presents ti 0 ,ii 3,iorable angle to the breaks it in ;deem, and It rOnains 3u
furrow slice teeming 1'to rine -s mewli3 3 this Oouditiou 10 luwiee the til,' to pene-
80030111y Would he the most :Nimble, but )rats the earth and the wsuer to pass
when the teed 1, .1 sae or ie 0 0 10'1 with freely throe h. Subsoil plowing has in
creeds au important nbje et is te do trnv ln0nlllere h r 1, f•u or able etlect in On-
thie yr ,ulati111 '33135 i5 I.0110-
that it Itar. not interfere with Ile, mem,
m,
and al'n ,hat .111 crop 'n01' '•o br. :tee (. 1
by tee d,•,•+nupnvd on or thio
growth. It will he ruesr.m.re tet n. 1'p
modify the form of plots, if ivo were t.,
adopt the aetn3 r;hraptua5's of:noel •3
board nae 11.11 1300,3 where there 1V-(5 )1-+
vegetation 011 the s•tlhece, the furrow
slice would be liable to be so ninth
broken that tho sod would not be proper-
ly subverted, and the pl•tnts whioh it
was :tidied to deetroy might bo left in a
growing state, insbesd of being put out
of the way and made to' feed the desired
crop. But the grand aim in the per-
formance of the work would still bo to
effect the most thorough crumbling of
the soil which is oompatible with the
proper dieposal and decomposition of the
surface vegetation. In plowing play soil
the object of dividing it and exposing it
to the air can best bo accomplished by a
narrow furrow slice, such a furrow from
Re less weight fella over and dies
more lightly and at the same time outs
the soil into smaller divisions and ex.
poem more surfece. Some enpnose that
it is quite as well to turn large or wide
furrows and attempt to produce the
necessary filth afterwards with the
harrow or some similar implement but
the object is nearly impracticible. If we
attempt 00 work the furrows with en im.
ploment which will penetrate through
them the vegetation will be brought
more or less to tho eerface. 1E the harrow
is used it only lightens an inch or 110
while at the same time it ppaOlts more
closely the under portion. The polveri.
zation of the -oil and dostruotiou of the
vegetation docs not depend greatly on
either the Ratners or angularity of the
furrows as some mows torn the furrows
flat and yet much gross grows between
than, ahem, ,1s the most approved
Scotch plows, give the corner of the
furrow whet fa ca1101 a "high out," by
this rho soil ie left in emit a state that
the slightest brush. of the harrow or oven
to shower of rain carries the earth into
the ihterstioes of the furrows and stops
the growth of gratis. As to the depth of
the farrows no specific rule can bo laid
down, this must bo governed by the
nature of the soil and subsoils, modified
in some instances by the crop to . be
cilltiveted and the land and gtatiby of
manure to be applied. A5 a general feet
it may bo said that stiff soils requires
to be plowed deeper than Iight soils 00
the former often contains the elements
which nourish crops to a great depth and
from their nature require deeper and
more thorough loosening,. The proper-
ties end action of light or sandy soil may
be said to bo opposite in some respects to
to tbose of still soil, they do not "bolt!"
manures. Their porosity causes them
to be strongly acted on by the air, clay
soils are too little acted on by the air
while light soils are anted upon too
mush. Those facts teach that different
modes of tillage are required in these
oasee, we must therefore guard against
this too strong atmospheric action in
ligbt soils, because it disaolves the
manures too rapidly thole strength being
carried off by evaporation before tboy
can be absorbed by plants. ranee fallow-
ing, so useful in °lay soils, would be
injurious in light soils, or et all events
in soils destitute of clate having in
view, therefore, the prinoiples at first
referred to we shonkt strive to give to
light soils more firmness and solidity in
place of looseness. Instead of aiming to
produce it great amount of pnlverizetiou
wa e1101.ild try to make them more oom-
paot in plowing, a complete inversion of
the furrow so that it shell lie slat, the
edges closely fitting in is beet because it
offers loss exposure to the air. Light
soils do not require to bo plowed se deep
as play except for root mope end in cases
where a large amount of manure is to be
applied. Shallow plowing for this kind
of soil beet accords also with the prin-
ciples laid down as a general guide be-
cause deep plowiug would disturb the
tolerable o0mpactness, besides in soils of
this dosoription all their richness is near
the surface and has been formed either
by the aocmnnletion and decay of natural
vegetation or by artificial manures.
Under this hood we class loamy soils,
which aro the richest natural soils,
uniting all the materials necemery for
the (;rowtb.01crop, Wo find that plow.
ire 10 the Fall 00111clde8 best with these
prinoiples in many particulars. In clays
the upturned soil is acted upon by the
frosts and so pulverized tilab there is
(1113011 loss labor in forming re seed bed.
In light soils if an in013 or 1110re of now
earth is brought to the merino It ds so
acted upon by the weather that it on -
Melts its plant food tte00ssrry for the
growth Of mope, beside suth soils will
Mem more ern:noes. In order that this
system .nay tot Meter weeds, plow light-
ly as soon as possible after the crops aro
off, and barrow well, 0o thee any foal
weeds lying near the aurfaco inlay ger-
mivat5. Wo find that this lute a ton-
donay to doeleoy woods mere thoroughly
than plowing in the Spring, Experience
Inas taught us that on land 011io11 is plow-
ed in the Tall rho seed gormieetes more
readily than that 5o0non the cold 0110th
which is turned up in the Spring. It
does not COMO away as feet and soldotn
overtakes tiro other. Subsoil plowing, as
yet, has hardly been tried soffi°iettly to
enable no toe air of it rdv t
p5 s t mn ogee from
hctnml 00811111, Ile effects in the old
country have been very benolioial in
OOullnetion with dreivage on still anile
and He far ns ascertained its o3cote are
the semi hero. The breaking up of tho
811110/131 favote the descent of the waters
to the Braine. Tlieto are other tedeent-
A fertile and healtily 00 lorry. 11. Thu
po session of 11011eit and economical
GxnrnnnonLH, d, Our 0513031syy lrm -
The absonee of a State Church. The 34-
dress wee heertil-v epphut,h:,l. .1. M.
Robertson, of Grey township, e:,ittrib:tted
a hnnuiro00 reading about, editing an ag.
rienitural eternal, Robert \irkIillan, of
IluHatt township, was intr•odnnecl and
gave Horne timely advice while dealing
with "The odds and mile of forming."
Prof. (Mille was the last speaker and very
ably sn+rained hie vee nteti'l f..lr attar.
1190 of 111913ltr and n•h (1 : -.;.n n, eenneel
is ta111iu s "u"F.tralin3 rr:1111 osslitpatintl'
1 It wad 11 111110. 81tea, 113)3 ; 1+ds .
„ Ti•; ee w ,1 a: numb .n .,:av 1'•t is es in
•ehlingcrolta bo Vie—Amit the drought, we=t „-ln•11.1 1.'011,1in1l,) I.1 :nefe :113 -
lett ',widen! . c., fl••ou a 131.1) r•. -:Mite ate I e. 4 11 eeet',:'i 1:"till-i ::: ate.)3',: 1'e-
regmi"'d tocd tin. no t.) , rove itra affects i ., to • , -o •. Ln, 71
on lite env 'le 11)1,...41 of Bele not li"
dr130rent orris.
The diecu,»Int wag tnlcu:, up by deo.
N. Itineelr.el, R b1'. Meelilli:tn, 'h'homae
Moore and Where.
Norma, --1 reed pen is often eaue03 by
plowing the same depth all the time,
the plow has nnbining particular to do
with it. Sub -soiling 'for carrots tried
with good effect.—So 'ling down with
clover end thou plowing has 1prov531
beneficial to the loosening of the soil.
Prof. Mills, President of the Ontario
Agrionitural Uollegs, gave ten instructive
address on "The Cultivation of the soil,"
Ile said Farmer's Institutes mane home
to the farmers and drew out their latent
powers. The simplioity of the organiza-
tion was one of the causes of its emcees,
Years ago the land was very fertile and
great craps were harvested, but it was
different now and the quesbi0u of outiva-
tion was a pertinent one. Had farmers
paid sufficient attention to manuring, ro-
tation of crops, tee., many of them
would not be in the pligat they now find
themselves. Noxious weeds have taken
possession and lands have dopreointed in
value, iu some instances $20 an more. It
wont pay to worlc a dirty faro,. The
best way to gob rid of weeds was to take
off your coat and go to work and con-
quer then and not let then( occupy owe
tilled of the ground. Laud should be
onitivated 1. to get a goo:I seed bed nc-
deeding to what seed is to be sown. For
barley it should be fine and solid bob for
oats and wheat considerably deeper. 2.
Loosening the soil that the roots of
pleats may spread freely in Sewell of
feed. 3. To incorporate 113") 1101 mat-
ures. 4. To fnereese the water holding
power of the eoil. u, To expose the soil
to the atmnsphore that it may absor'a
oxygen, ammonia, and otter iugredionte
and promote chemical Mango in form
rug plant food. The boat methods were
to plow immediately after the crap ds off
and then spring plowing need not be so
deep. The darker 111to soil the more
quiolely it heats and cools. Breaking the
pores of the earth by oeltivatiou and
mulohinr. Stir the soil more frequently
around potatoes, turnips, dim. Draining
is the 1st step in good cultivation., By
animal measurement from 7 to 10 poando
of nitrogen had coliected he a year's rain
fall. Drains should be ran through tho
soil. J. Ferguson, 3. Moore Robb. Mc.
Millan,
Duman MaLauchlin, and Jno.
Mo0rae discussed the topic.
No'ns.—Good effeots from harrowing
fall wheat in the Spring. Ox -eye daisies
had been killed by the appli0ation of
5tit. The most effeotive way to got rid
of the pest was to dig them out. By
plowing two crops of buckwheat tender
offe:tually buried noxious weeds.
[dr. Kernighen, Presidonb of West
Huron Fanners' Inetitute, was next in-
troduced and dealt with the important
subject of "Ilotatiou of Crops." This
pbaee of agrioultural life was of anolelt
date and was very 1100eseary to tho pro
per cultivation of the soil. Where it was
neglooted it showed ie look of feeniiO3
ent atim e. The best crop to make mon-
oy had been the rule wibh many, as int
steamed in the growth of wheat, The
fertility of the soil was no longer as it
used to bo end .farmers had to look
about them. hero was where the rota-
tion cones in with effect. Rotation of
crops was noc0asary L Because mho eon.
stitueuts of all crops is not the same. 2.
For the butter distribution of the elm
meets fertilizing over the farm, 11. Be-
cause different plants searoh for their
Mod differently. 4 For cleansing the
lend and destruction of weeds. 5. To de-
videfarm Inbar over rho entire season,
O. To give order and system to our farm-
ing operations. 7. It lessens tho farm-
er's risk of loss. The speaker had fol-
lowed a rotation for the past sixteen
years with marked stemless. It is as
follows 1-011 a 100 acro farm, of clay
loam, wibh 80 acme enema, lu 10 mere
fields, 1st, ogee ; 2uc1, penis and Dorn ; Red,
fall wheat and turnips ; 4th, barley ; lith
and 011 meadow; 7th, pasture, This
topic was,pr030013v0 of a free and easy
discussion and the experiences of Bolin.
McMillan, Jilm, N. leneolitul, Duncan
MoLauchlin, Samuel Walker, Robb.
Armstrong 813d Jalnos Sharp were given.
Norms.—A cultivator had been mad in
preparing for spring wheat instead of
a gl ug plow with success. Manure clews
most good by being put on the green
before seeding. Clover bay was good
facd for cattle and sheep and heroes too
if not fad too heavily. Clover is te good
gethorer of nitrogen. Cora Was coming
more into use. Should be planted so ma
to be able to cultivate both ways. Soak-
ing the seed in coal tar would keep of
Or0w(. Seed required, ab0tlt 4 bushole
for 10 nares in drills 28 iu0hos appart.
Repo wee pr011o1me0tl good foocl for
tattle and einep. It should bo sowed
mbout the seine as turnips.
"Temporary vs. Permanent Pasture,"
was taken tep by W. R. Biahsp in an in-
teresting paper that will bo given in ,full
in our next issue, After a drab on the
topio thio pt•OOt0bl0 808sio11 was °onodne-
od shortly after 5 p, m,
VnmAY 1111)00100 5080101.
Thorp was it largo abbondanoo at this
t as
it1'oreating K p Jram Noelle end the ro w
folly tip to the 5tuidard. '15130. President,
Uriah 3tul''oddou, error calling the meat•
Mg to tinder gave a very timely and
radial reacting on the boneilte of
li'arnlette Iustitut,es, hCc. lien3gheet
road a splobdid paper on "Proofs of the
preepority of Oris (Jotintey." 1. The
1Otd051bite progress Mao in farming. 't.
!i: :r l,'-. 1 :, Ile I v •i
an I be 'a t.•, f s m• I t , 31 31 ( with
1'131 .1 +'n•<4 -+ 1:.11011'4 nu 1 1I1,3 1..044,
nil ll'. 3,. .f 1,33.,-,111.,11(11., (11:, pl11 e1'a
of ten. gathering by their 11 , in isl
dnetts el0 :fin violin s r l 'n n. 1
of thanks (11110 teudet ..l the halls anti
gentlemen. 3050i0ting in the p,e„ram, and
the chairman '1'll'r National Anthem
brought the 110oce liu3' to a clone,
e.03Cltn'0 r0mtrr0°N 50531004.
Owing to the indisposition of the Pro.
silent, from neuralgia, Vioe President
McCrae 1)0k the ohair. Mr. Iiorninehan
wee the first speaker. Ile took. up
"Book -peeping on the farm,” and sbowsd
that it was necessary to keep a rec,rd of
business transactions. (1) Owing to de-
fective memory; (2) Owing to the im-
portance of trifles; (3) Oar liability to
make mistakes ; (4) Owing to rho belief
among farmers that they make nothing.
The allaraetsristias of farm book keeping
should bo simplioity and definiteness.
Tito speaker then proosedod to give an
example of the pages of his book and
stated the amount of money he had made
for the pest number of years. The ad-
dress should be worth agood deal to those
who heard it and put it into prac-
bioo.
"Nationalization of Land" was the
subject of a paper, rather out of the -
nsual line followed at Institutes, by Thee,
Gibson, M. P, P. He said farming was
a 80)enc0 and we aro ever learning.
Thirte years ago spring wheat yielded 35
bushels to the acro without any parte
outer caro by the farmer, but it would
not do it new, so we are required to study
the !.ext means and the bast h 1ps to in -
creme tee frnitfuinese of the soil. Seelal
questions wore coming to the front anti
eve are, n- it were, sitting On a volcano,
not knowing what will be the next movo.
Reference was made to the laws fixing
rates, tic. by parliament 1'11g ego and
the renovation made by Adam eolith,
Pitt and Fox in introducing Free Trade
principles. The laj,or questions are
among the knotty problems that will
have to be solved by the legislators of
this and other lends. We intone giving
Mr. Gibson's paper in fellin a subsequent
i5stto of Teta Boer, So will not orae give a
synopsis at this time..
Thos. Robertson was called on next to
introduce the subject of "The care of
fruit," which he did in a well prepared,
practiced paper, which will be given our
readers. .3. most interesting and in-
structive cliscuselon, in whish Mr. Pettit,
of Grimsby, tools part Intl gave more in-
formation of the growth, care, packing,
shipping and soiling of apples than has
Men heard for many 13.day. He said too
many varieties were grown. We should
5ommen00 at home and ems what am lee
produced to perfection. The English
market is a now move and the trade has
rapidly increased and we will have to
prepare for it. The question is not
quantity as mucin as quality, and a + must
consider this. Oar fruit, as a rule, was
allowed to remain too long on the tree
instead of being pulled a little on the
green side. Advised the growth of the
following mem varieties of apples :—
Early harvest, rod astra0hac, Dnchese of
Oldenburg, Gravenstein, St. Lawrence
Tompkins Co. King and F alnouso. A
dozen other varieties could bo grown but
we have not time to attend to them. We
are, or should be, growing apples for
meuey. The old varieties are going out
of elate and new ones conetantly comity
in. Chas. Gibb, of Abbotsford, Quebec,
had imporbedtwo or three hundred grafts
from Russet to be tested in Northern
Ontario, Quebec: and the Northwest. It
was a noble trove as a private enterpris0.
A groat many apples were picked in e
emends manner, or emu shaken off, and
piled up under the tress. Tho 0dgtti8ite5
wore a strong ;high leader, lined baskets,
and handle fruit carefully. Scours a
supply of good barrels ire -plenty of time,
as thousands of, bushels of apples were
unshipped last fall owing to this being
neglected. If you ]levo rho barrels you
can make better terms with buyers.
Reproseltativoe of English 00mmiesion
houses at Montreal will quote you primes
twice te week. The Institute should put
1110ir Treat men on a Committee to look
after this Netter and arrange to do their
Own eltlpning directto the Old Country.
The bnyors have to get your apples cheep
I1ero to save themselves, The moat of
the o0mmissiou honsee would make
advances ou shipments as soon es they
were on shipboard. The lowest price rho
speakob got lest year for apples in the
Old Country was 130. (id., and the beat
10s. Through freight was $1 per barrel
to London or Glasgow, 133a nob approve
of sweating apples, Wind hermits of trees
often deals rho ooclling moth, °Offiior
worm and oatorpillar. In picking, t110
best way ie to pink into barrels, take to a
covered hoxso and empty them out on a
table covered with something soft, Put
a good row in the bottom with stens
Clown and fill tip, Our oroclitis good for
the boat fruit grown, tend we watt to see
that we keep it good. Baldwins and. Spice
will hep in the caller without barrelling,
but letssobe will not, Panne almost 0117
11ileo b1111 don't Overdo it. 33110w no more
for black lnlot (tempt cutting off die•
ceased limbs and burning them. The
Northwest will bo le good medial for Ellie
country altheugb paths are a little high.
Barrels 511oa1d be 1ratnd03 with the
shipper's beano, kited of aliplo0 and gr,tclo.
Dont Alp apples tient tvon'b stand io-
4300ticff whelp the end of the journey le
reaOhwd.
we y ih her>'s 1 et +11 "1 Ley and
!Lav making' r, s(,1, 1;-+11 n11 104%41 i,,v
T 'Andre. 1 Popper. 1'. Melee -Mere th.o.
Car.11h, 114t_ ,llclj311,u•t, thrnet,
La1ehiils, 'Thee. Teatime. 1i ). Bryan.
Wm. Whiteford nn'l ethers.
5 oi( t, n •“Breeding
11na Int t t Ile ilu n u, wag
and feeding the Clyde bursa,” by ltnbt.
McMillan, who is a recognize:1 authority
on this eubjoet. The Neper will b.+ real
with intere01 by horseman. It will be
givee In the -o r:3.ir,t'ra (11lt1e. Mr. \le,
Millen land (x111; r,+e.l I L^ 3,,,,) on -11'',1'''1
milsc wi),., •t few r•„a tea; r :Hill,
will ee, left , •,1 . i. 1117
l ,{ 1
y:r.ra old 1,7 toil'
et plealy (1, S::Fe.: ,
h.. c, It.e •., . 1 i,.1
Lip . , , d 0.1'
f 1, :.e:., ',1''•.i •.n: 1.,1
:11 1
(311,00,1.:, y I ..
m
ay t,�• t tto+r+•:1 nt ' t: ar, 1'f ace. •
lLansF,ra h'ubl hu 3 m. 3artn::r.. should I
not sell their beat leeol inane if Choy 1
mean to rase stack. Abput 10 a month 1
win winter a wilt. Barley and peas
01101111 not be fed to berms on farms.
Messrs. :Wadden, Strachan, Garvin,
Speir and others joined in the disoassion.
Prof. Mille expressed the satisfaction
ft afforded him of meeting with such a
largo audience and hoped every farmer
would take advantage of these Institutes
and thus hem an interchange of ideao,S:c.
A vote of thanks wee given to Prof.
Mills and Messrs. Kernigban and Pettit
for their assistance. This very interest-
ing meeting was then brought to a cleso.
Meuse:elr.; Mehemet Bottled -
The Brussels School Board for 1888
held their final meeting in the Council
Chamber on Friday ovenieg, Jan. 4th.
Moved, emended and carried that, in
the absence of llev. Jno. Ross, F. S. Scott
talo the chair.
Momoers all present except Rev. Jno.
Rose and Thos, Fletcher.
Moved, amended and carried that the
minutes of last regular meetingbe adopted:
Committee repartee the engagement of
Jas. Oliver for the marmot yes,(.
Moved, seconded ar13 carried that the
following nce.,unts be paid:
W. H. Moss, postage, stater St0.13 40
II. Batten 2 00
and that ::.,Gerry's amount be laid over
until next meeting.
Moved by A. Ranter, seconded by J.
Hargreaves that the Secretary bo in.
struoted to notify the parents or guardians
to appear at first regnlnr meeting in
Febrnary, of which notice will be given,
to show eau -e why their children bays
not attsndel school the utunber of days
required by law.—Curried.
Board than adjourned.
Max tinntl30 or 1880 neuro.
The first meeting of the Board for 1889
was held on Wednesday afternoon of this
week. The ,31erk having administered
the declaration of aim to J. J. Denman
and J. Ifargreeves, the newly elected
members of the Board, they took their
seats at the Board.
The new hoard for 1880 now consists
of Thos. FIetcher, H. Dennis, A, Hunter,
3, Hargreaves, J. J. Denman and Jas.
Buyers.
Moved by H. Dennis, seconded 'by A,
Hunter that Throe. Fletcher be Chairman
of Board for current year --Carried.
Moved by J. Hargreaves, seconded by
Ti. Dennis that W. II. Moss bo re -e1 -
gaged ns Secretary.Treasurer of this
Board at a salary of $30 per year, pro.
vided his bondsmau is satiefa0tory.—
Carried,
Moved by II. Dennis, owoondad by te.
blunter that Moira. ILL gre'.t003,D0nmen
and entrees be, Property Committee for
the first six months and that Itesers.
Heater, Jlonuis and Fletcher bo, Visit-
ing Coinnlittoo. Change se theend of
said term•--C.trrieil.
Board then adjourned to meet on the
first Friday in February,
Agricultural Societies.
O1t111 011,A\m11.
Tho annual meeting of the Grey
Branch Agricultural. Suoioty was hold
after due notice on Thursday of last
weep. Owing to the inclement weabher
rho attend:tem was smell. rho fioanciel
report wee road and adopted. Tito
following otll°mrs wore appointed for the
ourrent year :
President, Alex. Stewart ;
Vide -President, Jas. Ferguson ;
Aloe. Gardner,
W. el. McCracken,
Jno. Forbes,
0. �I _ 1Oh01,
T.1FIoLauehlhn, Dlreotnrs.
T. etre0bau,
A. ICosnig,
1V. Watson,
T. Davidson,
Alex. Stra0hau, 1 Au, dors.
I', S. Scott. i
Socrotary-Treesurer, D. Stewart.
(.AST 1080.
Tho Anneal 1lloetmg of the Last Hav-
en Agrieratural Sooiety was held Wed.
nesday afternoon after duo notice. The
000110lal report wee read, allowing
receipts, $17811,90 ; diebursements, $1,
071:48 ; balance on hand, $115,49,' with
about 103 dollars to pay on lest pried
list. Moved pee Richard' Mciiee,secolldod
by e&lex. Gardner that the report be
adopted. Curial.
Tlefollowing wore appointed °Moore
for the =wont year :
Alex, Clardinee, President ;
Wm. Grieve, let Vice President;
Thos. 1)ovideen, 8nd Vice President;
I), leleLenoblin, •
A. t;' owarb,
1J l,, nl
e
O
1ai aeo
n
l) is.
W, Il. Kerr, remote
le, S. Soot),
+
1).lelannelilin;
J,
'Wilson
:t).Steatnrt; .
Straolian, .l riudlbnre,
Meet ine of I tire • 0 heel 1 n nediately
artr, Moved by 31, 31, I.aus,lll u, seed.
by1'. Demelee.1, t1t 311,111':orl 1',, 1400.'
1 nsnrr.r at the -s mme. salary. Carried.
Nen!, rn0c tin33 will be bold on Thursday,
Jan. ;Silt, at 2 u'cloelc p. 1'n.
Pree ',d rade vs. Protection.
Te the 1: 1r or Tun Poal•.
ken:. --Mr. Sirae11101's latter in your
btst issue 1•e:1:hal; nine of it toy house
built of conte, one rap and the ev1101e
teinMMee 1.31',',,e et e, great orator :t : up
1100 el1,131(11e 1 •.(i, cu 1 of edarin1lt.-, airy
,1, :uol ttpl,...0 Il;. 1V' i' ,i.0 th,et half at),
+' of 1,1,711:1, r.1
nl1-
1(10 101001... C. ,
e ro-1 1,11 e,..1.111ne
• •
rda 1 1.d Coln.
pt , -i :, n , ,1.. Zhu. 191.
t,•fes•to 1 1.,u r'.l :. 1,. 1 ''.1':l a;lv, in tile
0111 11411 111.• `'1,11114/,'•.. I("1 x0311:1,1,1,1:111
0311
a.e8141' ,3 1411.., .: p: o,•e1 tae life
Hua .1,1)1,y 01
hr.r hya.,,nnRty (0. a wa,Ith t0•
day, 111 1:0316 "that protection never
11.010 and never will in dm a country rich,
that one iuduatry is simply subsisting
upon the other, and a chief casae of dia.
content; that this country and the U. S.
are using every vile means to exolude the
products of other countries at the expense
of the general ratetuysr, then asks if our
own town will ever get rich by produciug
everything within ourselves." Auy boy
knows that if our citizens baro go to
other towns for their dry -goods, boots
and shoes, fnrnittero and all they 0On•
some that our merchants and shoemak-
ers etre other producers will soon be-
come ruined and our farmers loft minus
a market of consumers to sail to, ruin
would stare us in the face while we were
building up other towns. The particu-
lars apply exactly to nations. If we
don't produce what we consume our gold
flows out and wben the gold goon the
people follow 8o that the "vile means"
glibly stated by our friend. should we
not enact here would soon make es a
nation of beggars, and later on no nation
at all. The oleap labor Of Germany, the
cheap capital of ]rnglapd; and the ter-
rible vim and posh of the United States.
woald cruel' and gobble up our all, who
are young, peer, and with iudustria, trot
yet fully grounded, quite enable to stand
such competition. We would be dis-
tanced in a national tae(: for life. The
prosperity of a nate esy farmers ineludod,
is in ratio to 11e pro>: urlty of he :mum
Meowing iudustrsea.
Our friend declares that "Protection is
based aeon iniquity." Vie will grant it
is not based in the scriptural sense of
brotherly love to other teatime, "if they
ask our c. at w'0 rive them our cloak
a'5o." I protest against the sense 3m
wishes to impart, and make tide broad
statement, them it Is based and conceived
uuder a nations wire counsels for their
own self-preservation, promoting the
wealth and welfare of every Individual
thereof, es against the onslaughts and -
ring cambinalions of other countries who
are older and richer than ourselves. Ir-
respective of the wisdom and 1113 1 grand
results Britain found fu adopting it I -
would ask the questions, First—Has not
the United States increased in wealth
more rapidly than any other nation?
Second—Lias not this unparalleled de-
velopment of wealth occurred ender a
high protective tariff? With these re-
sulba before us Free Trade nonsense may
be preached until Doomsday without
snaking an honest, practical convert.
The U. S. is a live active nation we all
know; both parties stick to protection,
It enables them to keep their wealth and
not share it with other natioue. That
they produ0o goods better and cheaper--
cotnparatively—than any other nation is
proven from their largo exports. Invading
every country that allows to be invaded
with their mauufaotures, until England
today, nottelely the Birmingham obarnber
of Commerce, has just doelared their free
pato must bo stopped or their menu.
facturies will be ruined. So at this late
day, strong as they are, backed by mil-
lions of wealth, at lowest rates and old in
enterprise, demand a nein scheme of pro-
teotion. If they don't get it tho cheap
labor of Germany end the terrible push,
activity and wealth of the United States
will ruin them as a manufactnriug centre.
If these praotical, positive, wholesome
precedents don'ttoaoh free traders their
falleoy, honest conviction declares them
to be as blind no owls and bate in broad
daylight. With oyes they see not, with
ears they I1e11r not, and it 10 only fooling
away time for one to offer further testi-
many. Respectfully yours,
Brussels, Jan. 14. Soot D. Rotes t.
Brussels Council Meeting.
The last meeting; of tho old Council
was held i11 the Council Ohsmbee last
Mouday evening, the full Board present,
Reeve McCracken in the chair.
Minutes of last meeting read and
passed.
The following accounts were presort,
ed 1—
Election expenses $32,60
B. S. Scott, salary,t&a 10.00
Band 25.00
W. Ainlay, oollabable 1.50
J. C.:Iiadliday, 4 trona 1.00.
John Meadows 37,50
lam Wallace :4.20
Mrs. Bart 2.00
'C. O'Neil, tromps 1,60
Mrs. Blashili.
j. B. T. McComb 12,50000
Moved by J. SL Molntesh, s000nded by
J. 0, Anent thea the foregoing aceeente
bo paid. Carried.
TaMxesrs. were remitted
. to
Donuy.............$0.00
r
MtStoney 05
Jose h, I3i1110338. .. .... . 1.000
Semi. 'Wi1t0n,orror. , .. , ... 0.00
On !notion of Councillors Graham and
Straohan the Coileotor 19(05 granted a
debenture for $18.05 to balance the
Mem.
Board then adjourned.
,Iohrt S.13:olloegai, clone of the Firer
Division Court for the county of ldutan,
te brief f it In a , 0f ie. e 0
diad last Week; after r 1
ftammatien of tbo lunge. Ile was /mold
hod tope smolt tosptotstl lane.