The Brussels Post, 1891-8-14, Page 3,A,mwsT 14, 1891,
TRE B.11-US-SE.LS
D.ST,
TO MAKE ARTIFICIA1 RAIN.
ChOleader Of the IENOor1ii1OB to; to
PrOdliee• It by MeirMii of
XX.14.0Si.Ve0.
NTT OITS$IONB OP ALL BUM
If it, Is found tliat, a etratum of air at a
111110 height hies more mokture then near the
surface. Bxperionente will be niode to eee
what the elfeet of explosionthere will be,
and whether the nun, if proolueed, will be,
Able to fall through the ilry air below it
without laiing 01)000001 ; and if it is 00
absorbed, whether it can he shaken out of the
lower stratum of air which No bsorbed it.
Oloservatiene will meantime be taken both
on the earth itnol in ceptiye balloons as near
to those exploded ea is oaf° for them to
approach.
When these preliminary experlmette are
satisfactorily mode, the grand experiment
will begin, A Hilo of explosives will he
placed in about the position that a line of
battle le atranged, stretching about three
mites in length and a half mile in width.
Thee will be mimes kinds of explosives.
On the ground there will be mortar for
firing " eack•a-rock " powder and dynamite,
so that the earth may. do its part in convey.
ing the sound and motion from the miens -
skin, and that the enuthe which is supposed
by eome to have some hearing may also be
present, There will be largo kites, from
six to twelve feet high, which will be sent
aloft bearing 8.1,1111011 of explosives at their
tails and, connected by a fine copper wire
with a battery. In order to go the required
height with these they will be " driven
tonilem " attaohing the end of as much line
as the first one will carry to the second kite
and sending both on up, attaching the se-
cond to the third, and so on. This plan
will oleo be pursued where necessary in
getting balloons, with wires attoolood to the
necessary height.
The mortars planted and tile kites in air,
the balloons will 1/e sent up, at a distance of
soy 1000 feet apart, 0115 1118 recket will be-
gin. It is the intention to keep up this din
to the god of roin for two or three days, or
perhaps longer, noting • the atmospheric
changes, both on earth iri the air at various
heights, constantly as the "battle" goes on.
These observations will be teken and
officially ancl scientifically noted, both es to
atmospheric and electrical conditions. There
is enough of the sound producing material
to hold about three of these " battles."
The party will take 100 balloons, from 10
to 20 feet in diameter, and capable of hold-
ing from 500 to 5000 cubic feet of gas, hun-
dreds of kites, from 13 to 12 feet high, miles
of copper wire, quantitiee of nitro-glycerine
ouul dynamite and powder, batteries for
generating electricity, and machinery for
generating hydrogen and oxygen. These
machines devised tor generating oxygen will
make more oxygen in an hour than was ever
made by any inaohine before in a clay. They
look like sheet iron stoves with steel cylind-
ers stuck in at the top end connected by a
rubber hose with the line of hose that leads
to the cellar. The tubes are filled with
potassium chlorate and black oxide of
mangenese, and by heat furnished by the
gasoline burners in the stove, the gas is
generated.
Tho experiment isnot, in any way a "crank -
ism." Congress directed that it be done,
and it is soul that a hundred members of
the body believe in the theory underlying It.
Assistant Secretary Willettii who was direc-
ted ((0 0101')' it out, himself a scholarly man
found the best suited men he could for the
immediate work, and he is taking hold of it
intelligently, thoughtfully, earneetly ; fully
00118010110 1118.1 the undertaking is quackery,
willing to accept whatever result may fol.
low but determined to 0)1111 110 effort for suc-
cess, and whatever the immediate result to
seience and to all interested the full benefit
of intelligent, careful observation at every
step in experiment involving great possibil•
ities, and whose success would make the
desert to blossom as tloe rose, and open homes
for millions of people where now life is
mpossible.
Lints er mime e ee ite Fornied allot it
Din ie etio 'raised Tam wood Wee
the chi emu) Pewee.
Oenoral B, 0. Dyren forth of Washington
who is to have charge of the experiments
for the production of ram by artifieial me -
thuds, has left for the ecene of his experi•
meets. Just what spot will be oelected ie
not yet deteriffineci, or if ie is the mewls°
looality is kept a secret.
Tloore is no disposition to deprive the pub.
lic of ally infeemation as to 1110 1110111101' of
condecting the experiments or the re0e118,
but General Dyffinforth says frankly that,
he will have so much on lois mind, and so
inuell labor and careful calculation mod study
to be performed in thie 011 1)11 iment, that he
does not want to be interrupted ny inquirers
or investigatoes during the progress of the
work. I I intenil that every fact shell be
known,The said, " ancl In the most intelligent
and useful form possible, but I wiont to make
the experiments first and to make
them carefully. 'Then there be time
enough to tell the etory of the work and the
vaults, if there are any."
" You do toot speak in very positive terms
as to results."
11 Why should ? 11 10 an experiment, pure
and simple, 0110 1101101' tried before, and there
aro no data or even the most unimportant
experience to guide us in forming an opinion
as to what will be tIle reault, 1 certainly
hope thee it may be a succiess, and the more
study the matter the more strongly I am
impressed with the feeling that there relay
be a good foundation for the theory that
concussions produce rain.
" INffiether they 80111 (10 so under the un-
favorable conditions whichprevail in the
regions where this sort of thing is most
needed is, of course, quite another question.
But so far as I am concerned I intend that
the.test shall be as thorough and as intelli-
gently made as possible under the circum-
stances."
nisTonv 01' sae P.XssitinfiNT.
This history of this curious and important
experhnent is known to but few. Some
years ago an Illinois engineer'Edward
Powers by narne, published a little book
showing that many of the groat battlee of
the world had been followed by rain, and
arguing that it might be practical to pro -
d=ram by explosions of powder. He es -
Omitted, however, that the experiment
would cost from 520,000 to 530,000, and his
theory was not taken hold of,
Senator Favwell, of Illinois, however, be-
came much interested in the theory, and on
talking with other members of Congress who
had had war experience found that they be-
lieved in the theory. He else found another
supporter from nivother walk of life, [mod a
very valuable contribution it was to the in-
formation on the subject. This supporter
'Wall 110 other than Senator Stanford, who
said that his experience in building the Con-
trol Pacific Road woe in direct support of
the theory. Motelo of thie road was built
through a stretch of country whore ram sel-
dom, if ever, fell. Yet, saon after tho work
began in this rainless region, and the heavy
blasting that was necessary to out tloe way
through the mountains of granite WEIS 011501-
88.)', there were frequent, almost daily,
rains,and this condition continued until the
blasting ended and the road was built, when
the rains ceased.
There were others 80110 had other reasons
for believing in the poesibility, at least, and
perhaps the probability, that tilf3Ve WM good
foundation for the theory. Senator Farwell
VMS SO much impressed with the belief tliot
he offered to draw lois personal check for
55000 to aid the experiment.
AORIOULTURA14
Keep The Grenni Stirred,
livery farmer understands Um value of a
frequent stiffing of the soil in the corn field.
Tho value of tills practice, however, is
greatly increased in a 801111011 of drought.
'The reason I0 that 1110 top of tho eon by
frequent stirring la made to act 1,110 part of
a sponge, and arrests 1110 ambition that ie
hoing conetently poured into the air above.
11e moue noade the following experiment,
to obtain an approximoote idea of the amount
of moleture thus drawn off, and the 11111(101'.
In effeet on evaporation through constont
stirring of the surface son,
During a prolonged drought a place in a
well traveled highway was selected, where
the fine dust Was several Inches deep. A
large bell glass (a two•quart Mown fruit jar
will answer the same purpose) was well
chilled by oontitot with iee, wiped perfectly
dry and placed mouth down on the :lust
endeavored with several thiohnosses of white
cotton eloth. After a, period of five minutes
the cloth was removed and it was found
that sullieient moisture bad arisen from the
dust, and condensed on the cold glass, (0 1-110
down its sides and form 8, wet ring in the
dust, quite plainly discernible.
On the side of the 100)1 1)008 fiehl of corn
which the owner 118.5 1101 cultivated for more
Wien a week. Tluo dey weather had formed
a multitude of fine crooks in the soil, out of
which moisture was passing at a rapid rate.
To determine the difference in evaporation
01 11)0 unstirred ground in the cornfield and
the frequently stirred dust in the read was
a fact that would be valuable to know. Ac-
cordingly 8110 again chilled the glass and
placed it in the cornfield in the same manner
nnd for a like period of time as in the road
dust. The 1-808(11 811081105 to oar satisfaction
that the moisture was pouring out of the
cornfield at least three timos faster than in
the road.
Bad the owner of the cornfield kept the
ground stirred lightly on top every two or
three days he would have arrested this wast-
ing moisture and thereby watered his corn
very effectively, besides destroying the nox-
ious ss,eeels. It was worth to us all the time
and trouble taken in the experiment to know
this principle and learn how thereafter to
turn it to valuable account in the cultivation
of aorn and other crops,
mental etations. 11 1111')' have been 0,8 j,•
1111 81111 have jeered themselves valiiiiffie,
the invostment may then be a eafe oue, but
if they loom net the farmer eau aliord 10
WAAL
1110 new and uooful varieties of winter
wheat, which may lie introduced inioo our
provonee will 111 the future be 111111185 0111)'
by the eillirt put forth by our etation here to
0000111 and, grow theee or tro originate them,
Tloo amelemen oleo may ('011(111(10 to intro'
duce suol 'arLotioo, but their facilities for
testing the01 aro not equal 10 ours The
weakest point, with us 51 1)1(8001 to the feet
that the results which we may get here are
1101 equally opplicable to all parte of the
province copable of growing winter wheat,
owing to diversity of aoll and climitte ; but
we hope 10 00(11011)' this weaknese ere long
by a judicious system, of diatribe tion of Need.
The rosette WA be obtained from the 3110W'
0118, 0401 after comparison they may be mind
to guide us as to which varieties can be
grown with the promise of the most setts -
Watery moats.
Our winter wheats this year have clone
wen, There is little 01 110 trace of 1-1151 011)00
any of the varieties, mid they are filling very
much to our satisfaction. We am) quite
hopeful that some of 1,118 1101)081' varieties will
prove valuable. A bulletin giving full end
accurate information regarding the reosults
will be ready for publieation before the
middle of August,
Yours, etc., T (LIMAS SLUM%
Ontario Agricultural College,
Guelph, 2411) July,
READY FOR EXPERIMENTS.
So a clause was added to the appropria-
tion bills in the two sessions of the last
Congress, appropriating 59.000 for experi-
ments to be conducted under the direetion
of the Department of Agriculture. In look-
ingabout for somebody to conduct the ex-
periments. Aseistant Seeretary Willetts
found that G'eneral Dyrenforth, ex -Patent
Commissioner, has given the matter some
thought, largely through hie acquaintance
with Senator Farwell, ancl he was naked to
tette charge of the work. He hesitated,
but yielded to solicitation of his friends,
Farwell, Willetts, and others.
Tho field was 8.01 entirely 11080 one. Re
began the study of the history of battles
11111) reference to rainfall, then the question
of explosives. He soon conceived the idea
thot 11 11 is concussion that acts wpon the
air to produce this result, it would be bettor
that the concussion should be in the stratum
ef air where the rain is to be formed. How
to get it there seas the (potion. To send
op captive ba1100118 Wee (My, but to send
them up loaded with dynamite or nitro•
gelatine, and take the risk cm some of them
getting away unexploded WOS too serious,
Beside the explosion of dynamite of nitro -
gelatine peodnees too quick and sharp 18
8011111 What he wonted was something like
thunder, which will shako the atmosphere.
He remembered bloat sharp claps of thunder
in the midst of 101-013 aro often followed by
a great increase in the rainfall.
Being himself a graduate of the sehool of
technology, he was perfectly familiar with
tho fact, that a combination of hydrogen and
oxygen gases is easily exploded, and with
the most violent results. The happy
hought suggested itself to lois mind that
those gases woul5 bo needed to carry up the
balloons which were to transport tile ex-
plosives, and the very artiole furnishing the
motive power might iffielf be the explosive
best fitted for the work, So he experiment-
ed; and exploded a few balloons 'near
Warthingten with the most astounding re-
sults as to nolo/ and atmospherical disturb
01100. •
.A, plow will be selected where thews is
little if any rainfall at this season of the
year, and nem, to a eigual station, so that
the benefit of the services and predictions
of the 01)001(018 111(8)' be had. The motoorolo,
gist and electrician will bo provide(' with
1118 11)001 delicate instrumento for testing the
eleetrical ix/minions of tile atmosphere, Ole
experiments will begin in a small way, with
the explosion of 0011(310 bollon and discs.
vation as to the effect upon the ounount of
moisture and eleetriany in the atmosphere
iinmediately serrounding.
Experiments will also be mode to diseover
whether the explosion of tho balloons will
be likely to cause the explosion of the dyna-
mite or other explosives of that oluteseter
which it is proposed to use eimultoneettely
litter 111 1110 work.
Captive balloone will be sent up carptieg
observers to toot the quantities of moisture
and electricity at varioes heights, of front
1000 to 7000 feet above the earth, Those
will be oonnooted by telephone with the
earth, e', nett observation may be taken
simultaneously With delicate instruments at
the earth and lu the varlets strata of air at
o distaime 01 11-031) 1000 10 7000 foot,
Russia's First Railroad.
The first Russian railroad was built dur-
ing the reign of the ''Iron" Czar, Nicholas
I., from St. Petersburg to itioseow. Iblo
the straightest road in existence, and WaS
built in strict accordance with the Czar's in-
structions. The railroad at first met with
tlm greatest opposition from the peasantry,
and even from some of the 1)011(580018, 801)0
refused to ride on it, Baying that the " loco.
motive possessed the power of Ole devil
011(1 (80 it passed them they alwoys made the
sign of a arose. There is a tradition in
Russia that before the destruction of the
woa5 anti.Christ will appear with a big
iron stove. In it he will place all those
80110 confess that they believe Christ to be
the Son of God, and those who pass safely
through the ordeel will be sure of heaven.
The peasants, therefore, when they 80801)110
locomotive emitting smoke and drawing a
train of oars, shouted : "Anti -Christ has
come among us I Let the power of the oross
save us 1 In the name of the Father, Son
and Holy Ghost, let that instrtnnent of the
devil be crushed." But tho locomotive
passed on without paying the slightest at.
tention to their prayers. They next brought
the thaumaturpotti image of the Virgin
from the church and placed it on the track,
only to see it ground to atoms. This caused
the peasants to run away in the greatest
fear, crying out as they yan " Woo to use
the power of the devil is greater than the
power of God I" The wildest alarm spread
among the people and they could not be
coaxed to go near the cars. Determined to
dispel this fear, Nicholas ordered thousands
of the peasants to be taken by force and
placed in the cars. Some were carried
there in wagons, itecompanied by a staff of
priests robed in their oanonical vestments.
Thus numbers of the people were forced to
ride from St. Petersburg to Moscow in
the cart to convince them thot the roil -
road wns not the work of the devil, but the
invention of mmi
an. So
e curious ncidents
frequently happened on this road. Two fat
merchants 8001-0 0110 day ocoupying tho
stuns carriage, when one said to the other :
" Whore are you going, baliuslIka (111110
(ather). Ivan Ivanovitch ? " " To 'Moscow,
Piotr Gavrylovitoh," he replied, "011(1
you?" "Ch, I 01) 30)113 to St. Petersburg,"
said Piety. " What wonderful inventions
we are hoeing in this Nineteenth Century.
Homo are you mud 1 sitting in the same car.
Gage yot going In different directions. "
Potato Rot,
It is now known thott the fungus which
causes the potato rot also 01111800 the blight
on the len,yes which many comes first.
Froin experiments made last year and the
year before, Professor Jones of the Vermont
station reaches the following oonelusione
The blight of the potato tops and the rot of
the tubers aro both caused by one and the
same fungus. The Vety rapid spread of the
blight when the weather favors is due to the
production on the potato leaves of an im-
mense number of the seed -like spores 01 11118
fungus. Those spores aro then scattered
by the wind and thus carry the disease to
healthy plants. By spraying the leaves of
these healthy plants with Bordeaux mixture
the spores are killed as fast as they fall
upon the leaves, ond hence the bligh t cannot
spread. Ab the experiment station last
S11111111011 where the vines were net sprayed
the yield was 86 bushels per acre of market-
able tubers ; where the vines were sprayed
once 155 bnehels ; Where sprayed twice 1351
bushels. Thus a, single spraying saved 69
bushels, and two sprayings saved 791 bush-
els per ext.°. If from past experience the
blight is expected at about a certain time,
it is well to spray just before it is expected:
otherwise spray as 80011 119 the first signs of
blight are seen, and repeat about once in
two weeks till danger is past. This mixture
can be put on with fairly good effect with
a watering -pot, bub better, faster, and
more economicallywith a good spraying
machine. This mixture costs about two
cents per gallon, and 60 gallons is more than
enough for an acre if put on with a spray-
ing maehine hence the cost per acre of eneh
application is less than 51,20. From one to
four applications, costing from 81.20 to $4.80
per acre are necessary. Labor eau be saved
by adding Paris green or London purple for
potato bugs directly to this Bordeaux mix-
ture. Dissolve the copper sulphate in three
gallons of hot, or ten gallons of cold water,
Slake the lime and make 11, 11)10 a thin
whitewash '• then strain 11 1151-0031) a sieve
et, coarse cloth. Dilute the mixture to 22
gallons, if to be used with a sprayer, or 33
gallons, if to be applied with a watering -
pot.
OUR MINERAL WEALTH,
_
15188. lier C01010 E1)8)181 04,11.10p1110114l
0) 83,1' i1rli4.41 col amnia iceelene,
Frequent, of let ti have been newspcper ('0'
1,111101)0101 to the greet intheral wealth of our
mountain province—British Columbia. If
these oecasional item Ara !Ka ilietan eeho
of what hi being more fully realized on the
01)01, 1101 only thot province, but the whole
Deminion 10 to he congratulated on 1110 pos.
Bible future. The Dail y C010,1181 (Viet,orie,
13 (1.) of J aly let, ie just at hand containing
an interview with Mr. ,J.M Kellie, M. L.A.
for oast Kootenay, who 1.8'U8 Dome very
etriking news regarding thennew silver min-
ing eamps at West Kootenay district. He
says :—
liot Springs 10 )8 very rich comp and le
exciting much comment on all shim There
are 110110 ailver leads in this cathp running
parallel with 00011 other. The mineral bolt
10011111)01 eix nillee in width. A greot many
claims ere changing kande at goo1 figures,
and capitalists, ready to inveet, ore plenty.
"Capitalists and investor)), who are arriv-
ing daily, are simply astonished at the
ohowing already made by the district, and
predict that, it sufficienb capital is invested.
111 the Kootenay regien, it will be producing
$15,000,000 1111111011 1 y in loose than three yeors.
'The ore is free nulling silver, galena and
some carbonates. 11 1-111(5, on on average,
throughout 010 various mines 40 ounces to
to the ton svhile, as a. rule, the highest
average in noted American camps is about
1501(11080,"
If this estimate is a just one, Hot
Springe bids ffiie soon to distance 80100 of
the best paying mining comps to the south
of uo. 41-000)11, report on the Coeur d'Alene
(Idaho) mining catnip—one of the noted
American camps referred to—states that the
Coeur d'Alene "concentrates " are said to
average 30 ounces silver and 69 per cent.
lead. By concentrates is meant the results of
the concentration of several tone of ore into
one by getting rid of a• large proportion of
the barren rock. Low rade oro when " con-
centrated" becomes higher grade, and thus
the cost of freight to the reduction works
is lessened. Now, it appears that the
Kootenay ores are oven richer just as they
are mined than are the ores of Corur d'Alene
after having been concentrated three or siX
tons into one:
The same report also states that the esti-
mated annual output of the Coeur d'Alene
camps is 3,2(33,1 00 ounces silver, and 130-
:324,900 pounds of lead. The value would
be about $1 0,000,000. Mr. Kellio's estimate,
therefore, goes about 50 per cent. better for
the annual output 10 1101 Springs three years
henee, Dr. C. M. Dawson, in his official
report on the Kootenay in 1889, claimed that
he had, whot he believed to be, "good
authority " for the expeotation that for each
hundred feet in vertical depth, the various
veins already discovered would "continual-
ly turn out 500,000 tons of shipping ore in
the aggregate." The annual output of Com
d'Alene being about 100,000 tons, the above
would mean that in Bob Springs, with a
production of ten millions yearly, it would
take five years to exhaust the mines to a
depth of 100 feet !
If Mr. Kellie's estimate is remsonably cor-
rect, Dr. Dawson's apparently extravagant
estionate of 18S9 promoses soon to be justi.
fled by itetual results.
In the Deur d'Alene are employed 3,000
miners at 53 per day, and 500 laborers at 52
per day, making a daily pay roll of 510,000,
This will give some idea of what may be in
store for the Kootenay district at an early
day.
Dr' Dawson's forecast of 1889 appears to
to be confirmed in other respects by the
experience of 1891. He said : In a letter
received from a gentleman well able to
judge of the facts, (1 15 said that in quantity
the ore of Hot Springs camp svill equal that
of the Deur d'Alene mines, while in quality
the ores are much better, some ofthem
carrying thereon four times the amount of
silver to the ton, Aceording to the same
atithority, 11 18 stated bloat it appears that
there are several distinct veins running
northerly and southerly for a distance of
about five miles, all showing a continuous
body of fair grade ore, say thirty ounces to
100 omens of silver, and 00 per cent. or
more of lead."
Mr. Kellie had something to say about
the matter of Canadians taking a hand in
tho development of this rich district, and
sharing in the prospects, he said: "Tho
mines of Kootenay have attracted a great
deal of attention, and American capitalists
and experts are pouring in to investigate.
The latter pronounce it the greatest silver
mineral district yet discovered, and the
Americans are buying up the mines as fast
as they can, and will get Rossession of the
great majority of good clauns. They have
plenty of good capital, know a good thing
when they see it, and are not afraid to pat
their money into good paying mining prop-
erty. They 50 1101 hesitate at $1,000,000 or
59,000,000, if the property is worth it.
don't think that Comedians will get the
good mines of the district unless they hurry
up. They are too much afraid of mining
venture, even when richness an5 success are
assured."
A STARTLING STORY,
which Does to ShOW the Length to Which
W011111 11'S Depravity may Do.
A startling story comes from one of the
lumber camps at Kettle Creek, Pa.,
the truth of which interested parties
have started out to investigate. In April,
1889, the people of the region were horrified
by the news that Frank Hancock, a lumber.
man, living at Blue Run, near the Tioga
and Potter county line, had murdered four
of his children and committed suicide by
hanging himself in his house. The news
was made known by Hancock's wife, who
had been absent from home on the night of
the trogody. A note apparently In the
handwriting of her husband, was found in
the houee, in which he confessed the crime,
giving as 1518 1-658011 hie desire to rid his wife
of himself and the children because of her
conduct.
A few days age a messenger from the
Kettle ()reek camp went to Clouderaport
with a startling story that Mrs. Hancock
had died In otunp, and that before dying she
had made a confession which not only ac-
quitted her husband of the murder 01 1115
children and himself, but declares she her-
self and two of her paramours whom she
named, lint whose nameo 8.1-0 1)01 made pub-
lic, murdered her husband and the children.
Mrs Hancock succeeded in chloroforming her
husband while he was asleep in bed, and the
Iwo noon, W110 were waiting for the signal,
entered the house provided with a rope, and
were hanging Hancock when the oldest child
awoke, arose in the bed, and seeing the
strange inen, made an outcry. Tho mother
herself seized a butcher knife and tried to
frighten the child into silence and faiting
she stabbed it to death, The other four
children, being awakened by the noise, were
all butchered as the first had been, to
silence them. The babe, being too young to
be dangerous to the marderess, Wee not
harmed.
The story is generally believed at Condors -
port.
Tempus Pugit,
Judge—You are charged with being
a tramp. This le the third time in six
mouths.
Tramp—Groat heavens 1 limy Gine does
slip away.
Frauds in Seed Grain.
To the Editor.
Sira—Thousands of dollars have been lost
by the farmers of Canada in the frauds that
IMVO boon practised upon them by the travel-
ling vendors of seed .grains. The memory of
the gigantic Bohennan oat and Rod Lyon
wheat swindles are fresh in our minds, and
these aro only two of the many frauds that
have boon practised 111)011 11)0 farmers inthio
line. The necessity for purchasing seed grain
from this class is now forever gone, if in.
doed 11 ever existed, as our experimental
stations can now more effectually protect
the fanner from these frauds than any legis-
lation that can be enacted relating to them,
Henoeforth tho experimental stations mid
the seeds men will bo able to supply the
fanners with everything 1(1101 (0 likely to
prove useful in the line of improved varieties
of seed graiu, or indeed of any kind of seeds
that they inity desire to SOW or plant.
There can and should bo the most cordial
oo.operation between the experimental sta-
tions and the =demon, as the existence of
the former may prove helpful to the letter,
as well as to the farmer, in the work that it
may give the Boatsmen to do, which other-
wise be mightnover haVe had. It will there.
fore prove Lapossible for the dishonest
dealer in seeds to make such headway in
future, if the farmers aro only wise enough
to be guided by the information which the
81181(10110 10115 the Beadsmen aro able to furnish
as to 11080 varieties and thepromise of them
The week Vett the experimental station
and the seedsman will do respectively it
would nob bo easy to define with acouracy
at present, but Gus much is clear —the seeds
that are introduced by the stations and
given out in small quantities by the same,
may be furniehod in larger quantities by the
soodemon, where these aro obtainable whon
the demond for certain voerieties hos been
ereated. In any event there will be no
Plano for the dishonest seed yonder, unless
the farmers choose to remain ignorant of the
work that these stations aro doing in the
lino of introduoing and testing now varieties
of seeds.
Bohemian oats woro sold some years ago,
and also the Red Lyon wintet wheat, 01) 510
por bushel, to be sown by the farmers, Tho
Bohemian oats wo do nob consider worth
testing, and the Hod Lyon wheat, whit% we
grow this year, Meng with more than sixty
other varieties, is one ot the least promising
of the asilitnatized sorts. 11 800111(1 be well
then in futero, vendore of seeds are
trying to sell them Mt very high prices, to
ask if they have been tested at the expori-
AGAINST ALCOROL.
The Use or Linuor item ves itioves'e 810130S
10.1,1111114.01.0.1 01en,
41 the opening meeting of the interna-
tional medival congress, %Veil began its
sessione at the national Prohibition camp
ground in Port Rieliniond, L. L, last Wed'
nelay, Or, N. S. Davis, of Chicago, spoke
upon "The Nature and Effects of Alcoholio
Liquor," in part an follows 1 "1)01)1(3 1)1901
80,000,000galions of distilled spirito, 40,000,-
000 galione of wine, 800A 0,000 gallons of
Inuit liquors, making a total of 020,000,000
gallons, were conenmed in the United b.tates.
They cost: the eoesumere $800,000,000, 01-
518 per heed on the tote' population of the
=nary. The time lost from work, eickness •
and crimes due to drinking cost as muoli
more, 1111111 11 is estimated that re 111 coot the
people 51 11)0 United States in tide period
o' I ,0011,000,000. '1 W 11,tt does 11)0 00)10)0111811
get for this enormous expenditure He does
not get health, strength, clothing, food or
happiness, but wasted fortunes, ruined lives
and !lollies, homeleme children poor -houses,
osylums and jails. Men who he not drink
can work better and lose fewer days from
siolinces than those 81-110 110 drink. People
drink because cd the erroneous ideas as to
the nature and effects of Mahone beverages.
" Before chemistry analyzed liquor it was
supposed to be stimulating,. warming, sooth-
ing and restorative. Thin Is not knewn to
be fallacious. Nineteen -twentieths of the
alcoholic: drinks given te the sick are mixed
with 8038.1, 11111)1, egge or meat broths, which
furnielt the nutriment and would support
life better if given without alcohol. A five.
pound loaf of bread contains as much nutri-
ment toe will be found in a daily diet of
eight or ten quarts of beer continued for
O year, "P110 man 81-110 drank this amount
of beer would swallow a barrel of alcohol.
In beer there is 4 per cent of alcohol, in
wines 111 per cent and in distilled liquors
from 50 to 60 per cent. Science classes
alcohol as it poison, 11 1,1(1)011 pore it will
destroy tissue as quickly as carbolic acid.
Alcohol causes permanent structural changea
in the liver, kidneys, etcmaeh, heart, blood
vessels and nervous tissue, and lessens the
natural duration of life from ten to fifteen
years."
Prof. Williams IL Porter, of the New
York Post Graduate School, followed with
a paper on "Tho Physiological Relation of
Alcohol to Food." He did not agree entire-
ly with Chairman Davis and said that there
are easee in whioh alcohol can be given with
benefit. Prof. Porter had several charts
showing the constituent parts of VariOUS
articles of food and their value as nutritive
agents. Starch, sugars and fats are atima-
toting and are transformed into alcohol be-
fore they can be taken up by the system.
Those used to eating food of this nature
have a desire for stimulants.
Alcohol, being pleasant to the taste, ie
preferred to stimulating foods, and the al-
coholic habit is gradually acquired. Al-
buminous food, such asIneat, eggs and milk,
stimulate the body without giving the desire
for alcohol. The common practice of using
vegetables and cereals to the exclusion of
milk and meats often arouses a desire for
alcoholic beverages. To get rid of the
alcoholic habit fats, starch and sugar should
be avoided. Alcohol is useful as a medicine,
but must not be classed as a. food.
Prof. Axel Gustafson told what lie knew
about "Some of the Effects of Alcohol on
the Brain," He said that alcohol holds a
pre.erninent place as a blood poison. This,
he thinks, is shown in the crimes of alcohol -
0t5 and drunkards. Suicide, insanity, idi-
ocy ancl moral manias are traceable to the.
influence of alcohol on the brain, The min-
imum poisonous dose of alcohol for adults
is from four to six tablespoonfuls of brandy
or whisky ; two or three wine glasses of port
or sherry, and, four wine glasses of claret or
ohampagne.
Dr. T D. Crothers, of New Haven, &dye-
cated placing all drunkards in quarantine
like persons suffering from contagious dis-
ease. This is the only way in which the dis-
ease could be stamped out and the influence
of heredity checked. The quarantine should
be established by the state and maintained
at the public expense so long as licenses are
granted.
There was an animated discussion upon
the subject, "Clan a Physician Praetice
Medicine Without Alcohol ?" and there
were some very sharp attacks upon Dr.
James Wood, of New Yerk, who argued in
favor of using alcohol freely in fevers. Dr.
Wood is 8. young man, and his youth an(1.
inexperience were made the basis of the
argument against his position. Personali-
ties flew batik and fourth. Dr. Wood fuial-
ly said he WM disgusted and walked out of
the Tabernaole.
Prof. E. 1'. Thwing, of Brooklyn, who
recently established an asylum for the insane
at Canton, China, entertained the audience
with a few remarks on "Climatic Influences
as Related to Inebriety." He said that it
had. been shown that climate has changed
not only the complexion bet the animal de-
velopment of men. The United States is in
the intemperate belt." Climatic influences
intensify the feverish rush of lifeby extreme
thermal changes, and the peculiarly dry
and (dead° quality of the air which stimu-
lates the nervous system. A neurotic
diathesis is the result, and. man oannot bear
the added strong drink. The average crim-
inal is more susceptible to meteorological
changes thou the holiest man,
Chas, Kingsley On Gambling.
The following interesting letter on betting
and gambling, addressed by Charles Kings.
ley to a public school boy, has just been
publish( d :
" My Dearest Boy :
"There is a matter which gave mo much
uneasiness when you mentioned it. Von
said you had put into some lottery for the
Derby, and had edged to maze safe.
"Now, all that is bad, bad, nothing but
bad. Of all habits, gambling is the one I
hate most and have avoided most. Of all
habits it grows most on eager minds. Sue.
coos and loss makes it grow. Of all habits,
however much civilized mon may give away
to it, it 18 0110 of the most intrinsically sav-
age. Historically, it has been the peace 08'
01101181)1 of the lowest brutes in human
form for ages past. Morally, 11, 10 unchival-
roue and un -Christian.
"(1) It gains money by the lowest and
most unjust means, for it takes money out
of your neighbor's pocket without giving
him everything in return.
"(2) It tempts you to use what you fancy
your seperior -knowledge of a horse's merits
—or anything else—to your neighbour's
home.
"11 you know better Gum your neighbor,
you are bound to give him your advice. In-
stead, you conceal your knowledge to win
frotn his ignorance ; hence come all sorts of
concealments, dodges, deceits—I say the
devil is the only fether of it.
"1 hope you have not won—I should not
be sorry for you to lose. If you have W011,
I shall not congratulate yoo. • If you wish
to please me, you will give book to its kW,
ful owners the money you have won. As
yoa had put in, you could not in all honour
draw back till after the event. NOW, you
can give back your money, saying you
understand 11101) 1110 headmaster and I dis-
approve of such things, and so gain a very
great tnoral influence.
" Recollect always that the stock argu-
merit is worthless, It is this 1 " My friend
would win from me, if he could, therefore I
have an equal right to win from him.'
Nonsense. The same turgutnent would prove
that 1 havo tt right to maim or kill a man,
if only I give him leave to maim or kill me,
if he can, and will
" nave spoken my mind, onoe and for
all, 011 0111011811 on which I have held the
some views for 1110110 1118.11 twenty years, and
trust in God you will not forget my words
iu after life. I have seen many a good fellow
rained by finding himself one day shert of
money, and trying to got a little by play or
betting—and then the Lord have mercy on
his ample soul, for simple it will ,not ldSig
remain.
" Mind, I am not the least angry with
you, Betting is the way of the world. So
are all the seven deadly sins, under certain
rules and pretty names ; but to the devil
they load, if indulged ha in spite of tho 11180
everld and its ways.
Your loving friend,
'1 C. KrxesLev."
---
A Sure Indioation,
"Poll 1 You could tell that WaS the sohoo
teacher's house," said Willie, scornfully.
"How P"
It has a slate roof,"
---
The mother, as she instils the leSSOUS
of piety anti filial obligations into the heart
of her boy, should always feel that her
labour is not in V11i11. 8110 may pass awav,
but ehe has loft behind hor an influence that
will work for her. The bow is broken, but
the arrow is sped and will do its Ohio.
Years of sin tatty oome, but the memory of
the inotbai's earnest prayers may soften the
1)01(1-1 0115 prepare 1(110 800)' for better things.
A Canadian Cyclone.
A Mount Forest, Out., letter conveys
intelligence of a destruotive cyclone that
passed over that section of Northwestern
Ontario on Tuesday night. It posseosed alt
tho features of a 'Western cyclone, being
funnel.shaped, ascending and descending in
its passage over the towu. IL made ap.
passed= from the southwest, and crossing
tho woods to the rear of the town tore up
largo elms by the roots, snapping and
twisting them like whip-stoaks. As it near-
ed the town it rose slightly, but caught the
roofs of mut ot‘ two buildings and ripped
them off like shingles. The cyclone passed
to the East, and from all repoets from the
country did considerable damage. The air
was hill of limbs of trees, fence rails, fruit
trees, etc. During its passage it was Weed"
ed with a roar like the noise of a railway
train. This being the first experience of
our townspeople in cyclonic disturbance, it
not only ‚4800 )8 novelty but caused o conga.
orable amount of alarm. It was followed
by a terrific storm of lightning, thunder,
and rain.
In May 215,105,020 oigarettes were made.
Seine excieedhogly pretty aprons are now
made either muilin or silk, atwordion
plaited and edged with Ince.
The man 80110 10141 his wife split all the
wood may mean well, but he shouldn't be
allowed to do all the talking et prayer -
mooting,
" I hoar that Mrs. Barlow is disputing
her late husband's will." " Why, I thought
bo loft everything to her?" "So 110585, bot
she never lot the old 8051 1)0110 Ms own way,
It's a matter of principle with her."
A. Woman oD Weight,
Much atunmement was mused at the Gor.
num Exhibition the other day through it
oieaumstanco which was olearly unforeseen
by the designer 01 1110 Exhibition entrance.
A. lady, of Finish origin, who was so stout
that 5110 11108 unable to peas the turnstile,
having duly paid hor shilling, refused to be
baulked of the promised trout. Hence a
dilemma arose, and oonsiderable curiosity
emoug the bystanders 11.1 tO hOW 010 dna*,
Woeld bo solved, After nnieh oonsultation
and amid roars of lenghter, the stout lady
wart lifted bodily over the obstruction by a
posse of strong mon. Weight is bount to
carry the day in tho long run 1
An oyster Raid to himself ono night
At the stort of a banquet spread
"Hero I'm at supper NVith 1 1101:10 811.011 101hS
When I'd rather be home in my bed."
The latest "fad" in Lewiston, Me., is
telling one's age with a hair. Itis not new,
but on old facl. that has been revived,
and is generally tried on & horse, the hair
being taken from the tail, although on
human beings it "works just as well." The
idea is this : "Suspend a gold ring from a,
piece of hair over half a glass of cold water,
and the ring will begin to swing to and fro
until it hits the sides of the glass. It will
strike the exact ego of tho horse, or, 11 1(1 be
a porson's hair, of the person upon whose
he'1euit
a111itjtgrnepw.1;
P110 and the poie.vaulting feats
of our modern athletes seem but the work of
babies and pygmies when compared with
the extraordinary doings of the old.time
acrobats. 1! history is to be believed,
Phayllus, of Crams, could stand and, make
a 5(1)foot jump on the dead level, He was
ono 8511)e ma n athletes at the oht Olympic i
games, his enormous jump forming a part i
of the course of the Pinitathlon. Strutt, the
noted. P,nglish authority on 31(11100 and
amusements, speaks of a Yorkshire jumper
monad Ireland whose powers were some-
thing marvellous. Ho was six foot tall at
the ego 01 18, at whioh time, without the
rticl of springs or spring.bottrd, he leaped
over nine horses arranged side by side, and I
181 0150)1)1)' time lightly cleared a heavy wags
gen whieh wao covered with an awning. Col. 1
1 ronsides, who made a voyage from England ,
to India early in the present century, re -
laths 1)151 110 met in his travels 111001(1 white-
hairod man, who with 0 e)ngle.bound clear. !
oil tho back of an enormous elephant flanked
on either side with six camels of the largest ;
breed. A book entitled History of Wonders ;
Performed at Fairs mentions an tiloglishman !
who, at the ef 'tit. German, in 1724,
leaped OVer 1110110a58 of 40 people without
touching ono of them