The Brussels Post, 1891-5-1, Page 3•
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Amur, 24, 1891 THE BRUSSELS POST.
-
THE WORIVBIsTAVIES,
Intoreatiaa 4a0laia about modern war
slum
At a intuiting of 0 naval tunl 110111 101y so.
eiety held 111 Dublin epic:M.1y, Major 1)0
Villamil spoke on the subject ot balloons tor
army and eery use. Thu machine invented
thus far, he said, might he divided into three
heads—lirst, those whose propel 1110, power
was gas ; second, where the Indroon
in meend by gas end worked by he
gas stored to make the burden lighter, :nal,
third, liimichain'e am lin vuesol, which was
worked principally or almost entirely by
:steam. The lecturer then gave an account
of the develop:no it of luttlooning in the
French Army ond Navy and of the use of
pigeons as a means of despatch from them.
(Inc of the latest ideas in France, lie :said,
was the employment of sparrows DM 111000011.
gers, as they bad been pro ved to be possessed
of more endurance than pigeons.
The French lira t-elass battleship )(mecum,
building shoo 188 I,100100 j net completed lies
eoutiset triale et Toelon. The Marceau has
a tonnage of 1 0,600 and carries a prinoipal
armament of four 81 centimeter ( 1 3.4-ineh)
guns in harhetto turrets, and Boventeen 14.
centimeter (4-111c11) guns. Her subsieliery
armament includes twelve quielc.fl ring guns,
eight mitraillousec, and four torpedo.launch•
ing tubes. Her speed on trial tome up to 1(1.4
knots, The 1-cen1.imotoe gnns are so ar-
ranged as to allow three of them to be
brought to bear :simultaneously in any
direction.
The British Admiralty reports that in
order to test the accuracy of the statement
so frequently made, that the heavy breech
-
loading guns can be fired only once in a
quarter of 1011 honr, four rounds were fired
from one of the sixty -seven -ton guns in the
Trafalgar's turret ss rapidly as posei hie. 'The
time occupied was niee and oneshalf minutes.
This rapidity wesild be exceeded in it ship
which had been to, long time in connniesion,
for the gun's crew would then have gained
more experience. Eight rounds could have
been fired ie tho some time had both • grins
been wort eel tom th r.
The Britisit va shIp Orontes, which cm
rived at JaIrinieil ill lust week, had a vvry
tough time • n her passege from Portsmouth,
having passed through weather that wonlil
hard sent it less seaworthy craft to the bot-
tom. M. rch 18 a tidal wave of immemo
height broke with f my over the bows, send.
ing a column of watee up to the crosstrees.
The ship plunged headloog into the wave,
and for a time she seemed to be standing on
end, The gangways, parts of the ship's sides.
and all the hatches vere burst open, and
twenty-nine persons were injured.
Nees from the 4outh Pacific has it that
the British flagship ‘Varspits has developed
very serious struutural defects that will
necessitate the vessel being under repairs
for upward of six trued' s. This is the rea-
son why the Warspite has been ordered to
Esquimalt, and not because of the 13eli ring
Sen, dispute. Tee grave nature of the 1V10r-
spite's defeats is seen in the fact that she
has been ordered away from Chile at a time
when her presence there is greatly needed.
The Warspite is one of the latest of the Bri-
tieh first-class cruisers, and was commission-
ed only a year up,
Japan may be said to beet the world in the
actual power of her heavy Canot guns. They
have recently been subjected to the severest
tests at Havre, an 1 no expense has been
spared to render them sure and effective.
Each round fired cost 82,000, and 840,000 in
all was spent for the purpose. These guns
weigh 00 tons ; they are 14 inches bore, 41
feet 8 inches long, and they throw a projec-
tile whose maximum weight is 1,034 pounds.
The powder charge is 502.2 pounds ; muzzle
velocity, 2,262 feet per second ; penetration
of wrought, iron, 45.16 inches ; maximum
range, 18i miles.
Tho number of Lieutenants in tho British
Navy will be increased to the authorized
strength of 1,000 by the end of 1895. It
has been shown to the satisfaction of the
Admiralty that the prospects of executive
officers as regards promotion have distinctly
improved in the last twenty years. the pro-
portion of promotions, which was formerly
only one to fifteen, having since increased
to two to seven. There is no possibility of
increasing thie proportion eXcept by adding
unnecessarily to the commander's list.
The Army and Navy Gazelle of London
says 1 "In the Royal Sovereign wo have a
fighting machine Which is emphatically the
expression of the combined thoughts of the
most experienced naval architects and naval
officers upon whet should comprise the best
features of a battleship. She will be u, tri-
umph of engineering art, but she is more
than this, for her design fills not only the
ideas of the architect but also the 'natured
aspirations of the semen as to the vessels in
which 1,0 10 to fight his country's battles."
The British ordnance officers are loth to
abandon their 110-1.011 gun. Last week at
Shooburyness the gun was tried on a com-
bined plate of soyee inches of steel wad thir-
teen inches 01 10011, backed by eight inches
of wrought iromtwenty feet of oak, and
twenty foot of masonry. The projectile
went clean through the combined plate,
smashing it to pieces ; throgh the mon
plate, through the oak, and into the me: -
0117.
The Ibt1itn :Minister of Marino has decid-
ed on beginning the eonstruation this year
of f ou r fi es t. class iron -clads eosting $6,000,000
each. and thoappropriation has been definite-
ly promised.
Biter a Maldh.
The average person notiees the arrange-
ment of a room suepeisingly little, says tho
Albany Arm, Its dimensions and the re-
lativo positions of the furniture may seem
to be familiar to him, but in reality they
seldom IWO. TI10 way to become convinced
of this is to hunt for something, a match for
instance, in the dark.
You hove the mantel, and make a grab
whore you imagine the nuttoh safe stands.
Down goes a pieee of brio.it-brac to tho floor.
I Moro cam Is mod. You find the end of
the mantel, an(' run your hand along the
marble glob. Off goes ts vase or two. You
atirike hhe clock ; you've got it. No, it's on
the other side, Not there 1 Ah, then
on the table. ,
After running against the stove and trip-
ping over the chair, you lincl—tho sofa.
Keep cool and take your bearings. The
table is north of the sofas and the sofa rens
east and west ; north, theeefore is in front
of you. Now you have it. That artielo that
dropped to the floor pounded like the match -
safe. 13nt it's the ink -well, nod your fingers
are dyed with 000(05' wanianted not to fado,
A bright idea—the stove 1 Yon lmrn
your fingers, and wiep youe patience, but
yon mouse o light. And the nutteli-safe?
105 10 011 1.110 mantel -piece in front of the clook
--tho only pima you didn't search.
Labile*" Ons, do ship:shove yard arma?"
Gus—"I believe they do, Bottle." Lottie—
" How perfoolly lovely 1"
Mrs, Wickwire—" Let a crowd of num
get together and they will talleeyory bit as
?mush as that many Wetileri. Won't they,
now ?" Mr. 0(11ickwire-1' Well, it depends
on 11W 1na they two,"
The Bleep of Plants, aad What it Moos, t
In the quiet, still hour of night, when nem
ls resting front hie labore Raid gathering
streuglli for the woek of to -morrow, :buy one
whose lewinees obliged him to be out iti the
field:: might, if he watched their often droop-
ing lcoavoo audelosely folded blossoms, :welly
he led to think that the plants and their
!lowers wore weary, too,
Trne, he would find exceptions here and
there, for the evening primrose 11:lent/owe
birunie) and the night.11eivering
ne nor/Vora) would be wide open ; bid
then be would remember thitt these flowers
Nut had their sleep in the daytime, and
were night-wet:Mors liki: Ininsolt, while, on
the other Intml, the ditisieti end the dande-
linos, the pimpernels, the convolvulus and
their coin panions, would have their blossoms
folded together as if in sloop.
And yet ho would be mistaken in seppos•
ing that suoli plants am closed their flowers
or drooped their leaves did so because they
were tired, 00 111011 aro, although the mu:lents
thought this, while poets hove sung it, and
many people still belieke it.
'Ole plant has indeed good reason foifuld-
Ing both Its leaves and its flowers, yet it is
not guided by weariness or want of rest,
and, what is Still 111Dr0 CU0i0123, the folding
of its leaves has quite different meaning
frOM the closieg of its flotvers.
Look at the little wood -sorrel (Oxalis
a:intestine), which is scattered over the
ground in many parts of the doep woods, its
threefold leaves widely spread, svith its
pretty white flowers streaked with reeldieh
veins lookieg mitre= among them. In the
daytime these leaflets are spread out flat,
with their faces to the sky ; but when night
ODITICS they Binh 0101011, and arc folded to-
gether close against the stalk, with under
surfaces pressed against each other, ancl the
broad ends of the leaf downward.
eommon cloaca on the coutrary
(Trifolium repons), does just the opposite.
It rinses its leaves up, and folds one over
the other so that, the upper edges avo cover-
ed, and then the whole loaf droops so that
the 11 11.0005- point is toward the sky, and
the broad ends downward.
Now why do these plants fold their
leaves ? Antl why should nesturtitun
(Prop:velum) turn its leaf flat to the sky in
the daytime, mul at night turn it edgewise,
or the chickweed (Steslaria media) fold its
opposite lee ves together as a child folds its
hands to prey ?
It W115 to find 011 answer to these questions
that Mr. Darwin made a long series of min-
ute experiment:3, fastening leaves down so
that they could notturn , and finding that they
actually died when prevented front following
their 01011 devices, while the other loaves cif
the plan folded themselves or turned aside,
and thus lived and flourished. And by these
experiments he proved that it ia to u.void
&log up their heat to the chill night. air
that the plants fold or turn their loaves.
For after the sun goes down, the warm
layers of air neer the earth are continually
rising, while the colder ones above fall to
take their piece, and thus when the lisaves
face the sky, they are continually giving up
heat to be carded off into the space above.
Now the wood -sorrel, when it droops its
leaflets, having the narrowest point upper -
:nest ; tho clover, when it folds them over
each other and lets them hang ; the nester-
tium turning its leaves edgewise, and 010
chickweed pressing them together, ell either
cover up some surfaces, or turn them so as
to expose them less to the chill night air,
and thus the " sleep of loaves" turns out to
be WiSe precaution against losing heal
s,ancl
therefore strength.
If we only knew the whole history,—and
every one oan help to learn it,—we should
probably find many hidden reasons for
changes like these, for while many plants
never fold their leaves at all, others have
theirs moving up and down slightly all day
long, and they do not rise by exactly the
same path as they fall, so that they make sev-
eral ellipses in the air before their great
night -change comes.
If this is the ease with leaves, we should
at first sight suppose that the flowers, too,
clue at night to escape the cold. No
doubt they do so partly for this lemon, but
when we begin to inquire into their times
of sleep, we find that there is something
much more than this, and. the true secret of
their closing introduces us to that wonder-
ful history of the friendship of flowers and
ineeets.
1 -
flowera, :shall almost certainly and that The Tbree Bailroacle Erns Lend:MU/ Fleet"
they all have 80100 fithol. proteetion whieh
Jana.
makes opening and cosi 14; unneeeseary.
The deadmettle, the sweet pea, the wild
broom, the down -hanging riolot or the well.
I shielded orehids, are all 80 well protected
by their folded potale that they need fear
no weather cluingee. 'rim lierebell and the
heaths, whieli lirog their heade, need not
fear the rain, which will run off their ourved
bell, while they are uot 'wady so ooneitive
Lo cold as though they "coked upward.
But the dandelion and the daisy, with
their tiuy tube florets gathered thickly iu
ono head, would eoon be lilled with water,
tho tender anemone would be quickly sea:sh-
ed to pieces, while the sweet honey width
liee at the hese of the etsmens of t he field
convolvulus would be quite epoiled, if the
sudden ehill whieh often emne on before a
heavy shower t1i:1 1101 cause these plants to
close their flowers,
lint there is still another explanation of
flower:: folding their petals which is extreme-
ly interesting, because it iteminnte for the
different hours at which they close. There
is another cocolculus, tho large bindweed
(C, sepium), svhiali may be found In alined
any hedge in England or North America. It
lute n lovely, pure white flower, and remains
open all day,. bet closes at night, except
Whet; there Is a moon, and the it, remains
open.
Why ? Smely because, being a flower
which has no scent, the insects would not
find it in the dark, but when the moon
shines its pure white face glistens and at.
tracts, and it will not sleep while there is
work to be done.
This bindweed has several other well:
known companions, two of which, tho 000n-
111(1 primrose and the night -flowering callih-
fly, we have already mentioned, and wif 11
these, toward =set, awake the whit o e
lychttls (Lyehuis vespertina) and the
dame's violet (Hesperia mattonalis), and
send forth their sweet fragrance into the
night air.
It is about six o'clock in the evening that
all these flowers except the Elaine's violet,
which has ot ened earlier, arouse from their
day's sleep to the wakefulness of the night,
mid why ?
Because it is the night -moths which do
the work they require, which sip their hones
and carry their pollen. Any insect:: coining
to them by day svouldhave trunks too short
to be able to reach the honey and press into
the flower, and consequently they would
only feed on the pollen and destroy it.
Therefore the blossoms were tightly closed
by day, only to be unfurled at night when
the long.trunked moths are abroad.
But more curious history than this ab -
taches to one of them, the catchfly (Silene).
We know that this floweris so called because
its stem is so sticky that hundreds of small
day insects are glued to it, and die when
they try to steal up to the flower.
Now during the clay this flower is tightly
closed, but at night it unfurls its petals and
puts forward five of its ten stamens, which,
growing very rapidly, hang out their anth-
ers covered with pollen dust to be carried
off by their visitors, the moths.
It is then that the flower puts forth its
full scent, and opens out its pure white
petals that all may be inviting for the pas-
sing insects. The night vsears on, the pollen
is earned off, and as the sun rises the
stamens, shrivelled and dry, hang down, and
the petals of the flower curl insv0rd and
close. Now they show only their dirty,
brownish -green onoside, so that the blossom
looks withered and dead.
It is not so, however; 105 18 keeping elm
ningly out of sight till evening comes
As soon ns twilight begins, or rather before
this, between five and six o'clock, the flower
quite changes its appearance ; the petals
unfurl, the sweet scent is perceptible, and
the other five stamens grow forward to play
the same night game as their predecessors.
When tins is over, and the day breaks
once more, the flower again curls up for its
day's sleep, till, when the evening comes, it
spreads out again fresh and bright, this
time with three long -twisted silky stigmas
hanging from it. These are traps to catch
pollen from another flower, which will be
brought 011 t110 breost of a moth.
Close by, some other catchtly, opening for
its first night, offers the dusty stamens to
Its visitor ; the moth presses against" them
and passes on, and now coming to our friend
open for his third night, he loaves open the
silken stigmas the pollen -dust he has just
gathered.
The three acts of the play are over ; this
time morning find the bloesom not asleep,
but withered and dead ; but in its centre
the ovary or seed-vensel bears the tender
ovules which have been fed with pollen, and
will soon be ripe and fertile seeds.
So much for the night -flowers ; but the
clay -flowers, ton, have their times of open•
ing and closing. The dandelion nod the
Elcusy awttlee with suneise and close at early
evening. Now we know that the flies which
so often visit these are early risers, whereas
the bees, which do so much work for laegor
flowets, seldom go to gather honey when
dew is on the ground, hot make this their
pollerssooking hoer, when they axe for less
useful to the flowers,
And then, later in the day, when the
wenn sunshine comes, 11,10 wide the gentians
and buttereeps, the crocuses and anemones,
the Ivild strawberry blossoms and the pim-
pernels, open their cops and starry 0VONVIIS
and are surronnded by bees and humble.
bees, flies and butterflies.
They have all remained belficlosed in the
cold, dewy'morning, nor 1011 they open
gnielely in rongh, windy wenthee, nor in
rein, for these wonld spoil their pollen and
their honey; nor would the nectar -seeking
insects ventnee abroad, so that they would
Imre no visitor:I to attract
So in such weather the moons will only
open its throe outor 1000054 leaving the
inner mute as shelter ; the daisy will not
lift far 118 0(00011 of strap -like white florets,
but will keep them raifted as n. shelter over
the ettp•like florets of the contra, and the
pimpernels will remain tightly c.lozteel as
though it were night.
First, lot us see for a moment what the
causes are which make both leaves and
blossoms fold. They are twofold. First,
the moving sap, which is always surging
through the tiny vessels of the plant,
stretches them wherever they will yield,
and, secondly, warmth, which helps to
make the susface of the leaves expand and
be elastic, and so generally decides where
it will yield to the swelling vessels with.
in.
Let us try to picture this to ourselves.
It is early morning, and the tulip flowers
have been asleep all night, with closely
folded petals ; but soon the warmth of the
inorning sun sets the sap more vigorously
to work, and the stream of life is flowing
rapidly through the tiny vessels of stem
and leaf and IlOwer.
Now within the tulip flower all has boon
kept warm during the night, and. the soft,
elastic inner surface 01 0(10 petals 13 ready
to stretch and yield, while tho eltin of the
outer surface, which hits boon chilled and
stiffened during the night, yield 1110011 less
readily.
Therefore 105 18 tho inside skin of the petals
which will gradually expand ill 01100000 to
theswelling vessels within, andlittlo by little
the flower will open, till the tension of the
surfaces is eqital, and the petals move no
longer.
'Ywo things, however, will make it oloso
again: first, too =oh heat, for if the hot
sun draws all the moisture mit, the skin
will grow hard and contract, and the flower
closes end fades ; or, secondly, the chill
night; air coming on will also harden 010
surface, and the flower will sleep.
Now; if this be So, then even chill com-
ing on in the day ought to make Et flower
close, and so ih (loos. Look ob the little phi].
pernel (Anagallis orvensis), how tightly it
abuts when olottele bang heavily in the eky,
folding up so guickly that it hes, been called
" the shophord's weather glass, '
This eensitive little plemt feels the ohill
at onee, and by drawing together its petals
protects the pollen in its stamens from the
corning rein,
Ah 1 In those last words we arrive itt an-
other secret; namely, the 'too of this dosing
powor to the blossoms, Wo know wellhow
hnportant the visits of insects ore to plants,
In carrying their pollen from flower to
flower. Now, if either thief pollen be wash-
ed away, or the honey spoiled ley which the
inseets eve attracted, then the plants must
suffer, and find that very ohill which winos
before a fall of rain or tho formation of dew
trots its a means of closing the blossom, and
preserving the preetom material within.
But periwig's tho reader may exclaim the
there mammy flowers which never close a
all, and tills is true ; probably, became b
their (Me the swelling of "the sap or th
eltietiolty Of the skin of the pobala is no
great enough to muse the movement, Br:
Whon 11100e observaiione luteo boon hiada 001
1.
It
Verbal Vituse.
Indulgence in vorbol vice soon encouragea COMuetition,
corresponding vicee in conduct. Let any Wed sido'of the cellar, and make it sufficierit. In order to aseertain the views of ahem -
one 01 90)1 come to talk about any mean or I large to provide room for every member iltS throughout Great Britain az which,
vile practice with a familiar tone, and de of the remedies for outward application
you suppose, when the opporturity °coma
for committing the moan or vile act, ho will
he as 011010(1 against it as before It le by
no means an unknown thing that !nen of
correct lives talk themselves into sensuality,
orimes and 11011(110011 Bad language runs
into bad deeds, Select any iniquity you
please 1 surer yourself to converse in its dia-
led, to use its elang, to apettle in the charac-
ter of one wbo relishes it, and I need not tell
how soon your moral sense will lower down
to its level. 110001111115 intimate With it,
700 1000 your horror el 11, To be too Tench
svith bad men and in bad placem, is not only
unwholesome to a =Ws moritlity, but un-
fovorable to his faith 01111 trust 115 God. It
is not every 1151115 who could live as Lot did
in Sodom, 011(1. then be lit to go out of it
under God's (=toy. This obvione
plc, of itself, furnishes 0 reason, not only
for watching the 05011(1110, but for keophig
ourselves as intuit as possible out of the coin -
pony of bad essooiates,
1,0)111(110 01.N 0 tioIrrlf•wewreltN.
The London end North.Western has the
host road running out of London to the
North, And yet , between Ens toil au :I Crewe,
the North-Western hos only 14 miles of level
Imo out of the 10H, though curiously enough,
on the 141 miles between brew.) and Carlisle 1011,1 "1"1"114tilogo up. 3ou 10111,010111,0 ((ID
there are 18 miles absolutely level, Isis of VOA of o 1111010-0V00 orees.
mimeo thews :Mho are not continuous. " It lo all out of harmony with the season
Throughout the ilietanee from lemiton to00 84'w 1" a "1"sa (00(101, 1'IPP1III! "01 bum'
Carlisle them is rather more than a mile of 1111110 0•1"1, running a grel'1111° 110111114494-
05105e to ('1001) 111110 of straight, the permed. "1"0.111" LI" g" 1""1 010000 1" t.Jia kit'1"",
ago of straight being 40. South of Orowe pressing out 00011113 with a horrid, hot, heavy
(110 0(009010 gradient up whieh the North- &Limn ; LI= very likely have shabby
Western tholes have to climb is 1 in 177, but spots in your gown that cattalo hi Mlei 'after
through Cumoorland they have to toil up all. How can anybody ever feel cool ur fully
;„ „Lsiii„p ; „„d go (wet. 811„1,11 1111 satisgecl in suok 10 :Trees when it's done? If
feet, idler several minor upe and downs ; and mlY clothes grow remly-mado without 10
yet through 50 miles ; hale of their average Pri"-Lag, what a blessing it would be 1"
spe«1 is 48i miles an hour, every ton of Most ladies have 01.0110 time or another
engine finding a sufficient load in two an1 a shared poor Roonbella's mood of despair.
half tons of passenger train. North of the Neverthelems, there are compensations to he
North.Western route in Scotland, rises to
Border tho Caledonian, whieh continues the
serpent on spring -dressmaking, even when
found for the toil and wear of tempi:rhea::
it is done the house and by the house
over a thousand feet of Beattock, and drop-
ping to 250, rises again over 880 before It Perhaps whou the dresses eve finished
roaches Edinburgh. they aro less stylish than if a proleesional
dressmaker had produced them, but there is
ORSAT 140WrIreTur, an equal chance that they 000 05011000 adapted
Its rival in the Scotch traffic, the Groat to the individual tastes and peculiarities of
Northern, has a worse road in the South sod the wearere,
a better one in the North. Its ruling Perhaps some of them cannot by any de -
gradient is 1 in 200, and its summit is at gree of skill and careful planuing be so mode
Stoke, just a hundred miles from London, that a keen eye may not dlsoover a shabby
where it attains 01101(11(1. of '('271(00, From 011005, 00' guess 151 0110 from the arrangemeet
Shaftholme to Berwick its 4.rains run on of the trunming which conceals it. But how
North-Eastern metals ; between Berwick great the triumph if the effeet if so tasteful
and Edinburgh they run over the eastern and becoming that none mind the shabby
branch of the North British, the summit of spot, even when they know 1(0 (0 there
which, at Grant's House, is only 367 feet, Somepeople may reeognize the reappear -
being 048 feet lower that the Caledonian. ance of a long -enduring fabric for auother
mumeNn. season's wear. Put haps a malicious one
among them will really say.—though it is
The third road from London to the North
nfinitely less likely than the 0001101' 0! the
is the Midland. Being the last 0001001' it has
garment imagines,—. Dear me There is
had to take the best route that was left, and
that sante old pongee again I Let 010 see—
made a feature of its picturesqueness. Out
is this the fourth siunmee she has worn it ?"
of London it rises to Bistros ; it runs from
then '
ce down and up from Leagrave 367 feet; But then how happy she feels when a
drops down to Bedford ; crosses the Ouse friend remarks achniringly, " .Nly dear, Ido
hope that pongee of yours will never wear
seven times in seven miles ; and rises 50 feet
in a mile, and runs through cuttings 50 feet out. You will never have anything else
deep and over embankments 50 feet high till 0151110 800500001111
Variety has its ehurm in costume, but it is
nt Desborough it has canted 435 feet. But
this is nothing to what it accomplishes in far less important than suitable, taste, be'
tho Lake country. There it °limbs lin 1(10 cominfiliese, and in fact any of the other
for 14 miles, passes throug„ Elea moot attrmtive qualities which 01.00100 may pos.
sees. It is hardly possible for a dress that
tunnel at a height of 1150 feet, drops with a
run and rises again until It reaches its
summit level of 1167 feet at Aisgill. This
is 252 feet higher than the Great Northern,
and is the greatest height attained by any
railway in England, except the Tebey branch
of the North-Easteru, wfiich goes over 1320
feet at Staimnoor. The Midland reaches
Edinburgh by means of the Waverley branch
of the North British, which runs by Ricear-
ton and Melrose, and varied by a most
difficult combination of hills and curves
rises to 1000 feet at Hawick, and to 000
again nortlz of Galashiels.
Spring 3)TM/1111:kings
''01(1 =thew in winter are not, as nice
ue tow ones,” eights Roesbella ; EE bet,
they are 1101. 1011 affliction. 1 t le old elothes ia
:summer that are the worst I Simuner is
different. Von want everythieg new, Ymt
Wan 4 everything fresh and dainty. You duel
Want to love to think end _plan end worry
about letting things out and taking Linage
The Tornado Seaston.
During the last thirteen years the weather
bureau at Washington has paid particular
attention to cyclones and tornadoes, with a
view to ascertaining their nature, force,
direction, and the best means of escaping
from them.
Lieutenant Finley, of the 'United States
Army, who gave the readers of The 00211-
petition last year 10)1 admirably clear idea of
"the birth of a blizzard," bas been for many
years in charge of this subject, and has
elicted several facts important for all people
to know and remember—ainong them the
following:
1. Tornadoes occur in the United States
during every month of the year but
are most frequent in April, May, Juno
and July, when the air nearest the
earth may be exceedingly hot while
the upper air is oold. They inay and do 00'
000' in every part of the country, but are
more common in the greet central plain than
elsewhere ; and are least frequent—indeed
they are extremely uecommon—in the
mountain regions,
2. Tornadoes almost always occur in the
afternoon, between half -past three and five
o'clock.
3. The average number of these storms in
the United States is one hundred and forty-
six a year.
4. Tho signs of an approaohing tornado
are similar to those which indicate a coining
thunderstorm, namely, a, low and. falling
barometer, an intense, oppressive heat, an
absence of wind and accumulation of threat.
ening clouds.
is truly bean Wu! and becommg to weary the
eye, and the less it is changed to acoord w
peter, 0 whitewasEh her, 010111)01' and cur -
with the whim of fashion the better. ' vier, a stable boy even, and yet he clean.
He can do dirty work, anm
d himself not be
dirty. Bet, if one ttkes filthy subetances
into his month or stomach, sualt as rpm,
whisky, beer or tobetoo, he will emit very
disagreeable stench, which neither cloves,
sweet, flag, cologne, or other substances emu
counteract. He will be unclean."
Dyspepsia
Zattonse Suffering for 8 vottra—Ber.
stored. Perfeot
Few people have suffered snore severely
from (3709511515 than Mr. It. A. McMahon, a
well known grocer of Staunton, Va. 118 50900
"Before len I was in excellent health, iveigh-
lug over 200 pounds. In that year se ailment
developed IMO acute dyspepsia, and soon I
was reduced to leg pounds, suffering burning
sensations 111 the stomach,
I!ntaulPstehat,luanncloi 111"11i5gels'etlaortn:
I could not sleep, lost all
bead In my work, had fits of melancholia, and
for days at a time I would have welcomed.
death. I became morose, sullen and Irritable,
and for eight years life was &bde
urn. 1 tried
many physicians and many remedies. Ono day
O workman employed by me suggested that
I take s Ilood's
am
Sna- „Iferinir
rIllts, as'
,t 11 ad
wife of U dyspep-
sia. I dlci so, and before taking the whole of
bottle I began to feel like 01)000 man. The
terrible pains to which 1 had been subjected,
ceased, the palpitation of the heart subsided,
my stomach became easier, nausea disap-
peared, and my entire system began to
tone up. With rat, ning
strength came activity of y
ears
mind and body. Before
0050 111111 bottle was taken
I had regained my former weight and nature/
condition. / am today well and I ascribe It
to taking Ilood's Sarsaparilla."
33. If you decide to take Hood's sorsa.
paella do 000 00 Induced to buy any other.
Hood's
Sarsaparilla
Solder all draggIsta. 51; s1000r$6. Prepared. only -
by 0. I. HOOD & CO.,Apoiheearles,Lowell, Maas.
100 Doses One Dollar
_
"Is lie Oleanr'
The l'hrenologleal mirital asks this
question, ra,41 tersely answers as follows :
"Ono may be a liaoksaiith, a plasterer, a
Indeed, to the persons who care most for
the wearer, and whose opinion she could
most value, time often lends an added charm,
making 11. 000111 almost a part of herself, like
her hair or the color of her eyes. They hate
to have it finally discarded, and require time
and coaxiug to become reconciled to a new
garment, which afterwards they may perhaps
like better than the first.
Besides, after the heavy fabrics and
soberer hues of winter, any summer dress Is
a variety, and needs no other charm than
grace of outline and pleasing color. We do
not say when the violets and roses come,
" There aro those same old purple flowers
egoist I And the roses pink another year I
Why can't they blossom blue or scarlet, for
a change?"
5. The clouds which indicate a tornado
gather in the west or southwest, and move
toward the east or northeast. If them is
danger in them, there is soon observed a
violent um
omotion in the mass of black
clouds, a rushing toward the centre, while
at the point where the observer stands the
air is hot and motionless. Soon there is
heard a great roaring noise, and then 15 00011
the onward rush 01 1050 funnel.slutped cloud.
0. The Ulm of safety at 50011a moment is
toward the northwest. If the obeorver
faces the storm, let him turn directly to the
right, and make the best thne he can. The
strength of the tornedo is near its southern
edge, The thing to do is got o51 o! its psth,
or to seek some refuge below the surface of
the mound.
71LieuteuantFinleyrommkstisat sufficient
time is usually afforded for escape if people
will keep cool and make no false Mope,
If they run to the oast tboy must soon bo
overtaken by a tornado moving from fifty to
a hundred miles an hour. If they rim into
the woods they greatly increase their =Igor.
If within a house or cellar, they should avoid
the easterly side, because if the building is
destroyed 11. 10 that side which receives the
mass of crushing materiel.
8. In a wooden honso the cellar is the saf-
est place ; 11 house of brick or stone the
collar is the most dangerous. The best pre.
paration in country ninch devastated by
tornadoes is to make an excevation in the
How Animals feed.
Man is the only animal that has teeth --
incisors, canines and molare—of an equal
height. Man, the ape, and nearly all rumin-
ants, have thirty-two teeth. The hog, how-
ever, is better off than this, and has forty-
four. So have the oppose.= and mole. The
river dolphin of South Atnerica has far be.
yond this, however, having no loss than 222
teeth. Teeth are not part of the ekeleton,
but belong to the append ages, like skin
and hair. The sturgeon is toothless and
draws in its food by suct; but the shark
has hundreds of teeth set in rows that some-
times number ten. Lobsters and crabs
masticate their food with their horny jaws,
but they have 11501 of teeth in their stomach
where they complete the work of chewing.
But there is one peculiar kind of orab, called
the king or horsesoe crab, which chews its
food with its legs. This is en actual fact,
Ste little animal grinding its morsels
between its thighs before it passes the mover
to its mouth ; the jelly fish absorbs its food
by wrapping itself eround the object which
it seeks to make its own. The star fish is
even more secomodating, Fastening itself
to the body it wishes to feed on, it turns its
stomach inside out ard enwraps its prey,
with this useful organ. Dogs seize their
food with their 10008, cots with their
feet, and so clo monkeys, some of
some of them pressing their 9000501101051000118into service. The squirrel uses its pawa
to carry its food to its mouth, and the
elephant its trunk ; the giraffe, ant eater
and toad thole tongues. Spiders chew their
food with horny jaws, which are elimp
enough to give quite a nip. Grasshoppers
nod locusts are very well provided with the
(1000500517mechinery for 00(111(18much and
often. They have saw -like jaws and gizzards,
too, the letter being fitted out with horny
teeth. The caterpillar feeds with two saw -
edged jaws, working transversely, and uses
them to such advantege that be eats three
or four times his own weight every
day. Tombs, tortoise, bartles, and most
lizards have no teeth. ' Frogs have
teeth in their upper jaws only. Ant-
eaters, sloths, and ermaclillooe have no
tooth. The lion and tiger, 011(1, indeed,
most of the 010(1110000, do nob grind their
food, ming the jaws only up and down, the
nolar noting like chopping knives, or rather
so 0801.11. Their mouthe, in fact, aro a ver-
itable hash mill. Strange and curious as
some of these modes aro, however, they
none of them compare in simplicity and
effectiveness with that maaticed by the
tapeworm. This creature haa neither
mouth nor stomach, but juet lays along and
absorbs the already digested food through
ts skin.
of the family. But men 10510 18 uot safe un -
lose the the oveelonging earth is supported
by heavy thnbers and wolloonsteucted ma-
sonry.
.Exageratod.
9( 18 fashionable just now to say that WO -
01011 0:00 wanting in politeness it, pulite
places, and teue also. Mr. Jones Was discuss.
Mg this subjeet the other day, says the
Washington Star,
" Yon may talk Se 110U011 Se yo11 pleaae
about the impoliteness of women in street.
ears," he declared, " but I've boon riding on
this lino for ton years now, twiee a day:
end I've novae given 09 1(18' seat yet that I
haven't been thanked for it,"
"How many times have you given it up,
do you 8)191)080 1" inquired hie interested
auditor,
" Once,"
had the tared sale and greatest poptt ardy
" The Chemist and Druggist" instant:A a
post esrd competition, each dealer to MUM
011 a post card the proparntion whieli had
the largest sale ond was the most popular
with customers, and the publisher reemved
635 of these cards, with the following re-
sults:
St, Jacobs Oil 3R 1
llimE
an's mbrocati
Eon ....... 172
Holloway's Ointment lo
Allcock's Plastei a 10
BM'S Lilliilleilt 7
Pain "Mace 7
Vaseline 4
Outiettra 2
Scattering 8
Total.., 605
She—"So sho married for love, did she ?'
He—" Yes ; love of matey,"
Be virtu: us an I you will be happy, as welt
as odd and eccenhric.
How does he feel ?—He feels
blue, a deep, dark, unfading, dyed-
in-the-wool, ,eternal blue, and he
makes everybody feel the same way
—August Flower the Remedy.
How does he feel?—He feels a
headache, generally dull and con-
stant, but sometimes excruciating—
August Flower the Remedy.
a H ow does he feel?—He feels a
violent hiccoughing or jumping of
the stomach after a meal, raising
bitter -tasting matter or what he has
eaten or drunk—August Flower
the Remedy.
How does he feel 2 --lie feels
the gradual decay of vital power;
he feels miserable, melancholy,
hopeless, and longs for death and
peace—August Flower the Rem -
ed y.
How does he feel ?----He feels so
full after eating a meal that he can
hardly walk—August Flower the
Remedy. 411
G. G. GREEN, Sole Manufacturer,
Woodbury, New Jersey, If, S. A.
,weg.90[41
Why She Wept,
A lady called on a friend who had only
been married a few years, and woe surprised
to find hei in tears.
"90811 the most unhappy womm in Austin,
and it is all on amoun1 0( 1117 linsbaud.
" Why, your Imsband livee foe yuu alone.
Ito atays at home all tho lime 1 he never
goes away from home ; he never brings eny
of 0510 1(1011118 to the house."
" Yes," replied the unfortunate woman,
Putting her handkerchief to her eyes mid
sobbing coil vulsively, that's— what —
makes—me—so—miserable,"
Intl- BS;
amen
2/773.4410ENT8
amallunalsuarmaarouazaeaccrommh.o.a.langinammensermoi
MAIM VERA CLIRA
• CURES DYSPEPSIA AND INDICESTION
If you cannot got Diamond Vera CUra
from your Druggist, send c,50. kr ample , 1
box to
/aDIAN DEPOT
44 ar i Lombard St.
70. 0 N