The Brussels Post, 1891-4-17, Page 6THE
BJ USSELS POST. .APttIL 17, 1891,
THE HORRORS OF WAR.
What was Shown to a War Cor-
respondent.
A WELL FULL OP HEADS.
*curving and Wretchedness un
nad,
We halted the third day at Cabrova, in
the foothills of the Balkans, where were.
adjusted our gear. Early one marring we
commenced to ascend the Shack,
The famous fort &bit Nicholas 1rn
amass of frozen ice and snow, and 0
other side, toward the valley, we
Heroes two wagon drivers lying in the
way frozen dead, There had been a
a munition column during the night
these poor fellows were the victimsf
night's cold. Haw different was this
in its snowy shroud from the time
bright verdure crowned the Burrow
heights, in the hot summer dxys whe
Turks and Ruseiaue struggled heroical]
the famous pass ; when Radetsky saved
honor of Russia by bringing up his inf
mounted on Cossaok horses ; when le
and I bad a quarrel and parted, pet
eaob other with sardine boxes
biscuits till we were out of sigh
each other. Our party arrived at the
aide of the Balkans at sunset, and our
were pitobed behind the wall of e
ed house. Our servants kept up a blaz
tire near to temper the rigor of the free
wind, which kept us awake ne
all night. At daybreak we moved ac
country to Hasanlik. Everywhere s
of the cruel ravages of war were to be
with, and perhaps for the first time the
iserytand suffering of the after catnpaig
broke upon me. The Turks in their re
had wantonly destroyed everything. Wr
ed homesteads and frozen carcasses of os
horses, pigs and even dogs, all with t
throat nut, strewed the route. Here
there my horse would tremble and s
aeide at some weird object, and I co
trace at my feet the lineaments of a wre
ed woman, man or child, thawing out f
the frozen stretches• of mud as the more
sun. gained in power. Passing through
vicinity of Kasanlik—the great rose gar
of the world—we found acres of its prem
treee uprooted, gone to feed the camp fir
the contending armies. Froin this po
to Eski Saghra the country was stud
with dead bodies—mostly soldiers—e
dently fallen in a precipitate retreat, ell
miehing with the Russian advance guns
Tomorrow will bring us up with Skobel
we thought. We arrived on the outsk'
of Eski Saghra at nightfall and found co
parative shelter for the time in Marge desert
inn. The window frames, doorsand every pi
of wood available in the place led been us
for fua1, with the exception of one or t
beans which had supported the baieon
Our men secured these and built a lire
aroomonthe upper story. Wehongour wat
proof sheets over the window gaps to ke
out the wind, blocked the doorway with°
stores and s ept the sleep of the truly wear
1J, PRF;NOR. IN l WFOUNDLANJ)• signing of this famous treaty, as ft deserved, l Can the present truly expressed in.
sl a !t lit "1 l 1 f
--- n e nave n o ono side, and flat th
A0 I1 aderten 11tetrospeet. solout intruders, and made the conditi
Around the question of the "fishery the rightful °acupanteofNewfoundland
rights"of Frear in Newfonudlnnd, there fold worse tlttet hefore, War again 1
has prawn up one of the must obstinate and out in 1701?. Taught by a knee oxpeei
thorny International disputes to which his- the want of good faith and beauty on
tory hes ever witnessed ; and, although it part of the 1u•ench, it appears tree at
is tow of mere than two ceueerles' standing Lane the liritieh (l eeernment were 1'e
a''erh it still boldly denies the diplomatic skill of anxious as they had never been before
the most prudent statesmen in Great Bri• since) to rid their calmly of their' wily
titin and Femme and the end is not yet, 'Accordingly me 01 the war hall begu
\)'esballthe better appredat the tenaelty 8t5hl 'matador the command of Cep
with wltieh Frauoo allege to her euppesee. Leak was sent esuspension orders of to
lit
share In the cod fishery of Terlve Lova, anti 1
she now chums to possess on its coast, if we bight and sagacity hall loft no stone tuft
enure bear in mind two importautt facts ; first, the ed to extend and consolidate their bort
toad- great value and extent of the cod fishery !I whiten the coveted colony and to gee
alt of worldly, the epleudid echoul of seamanship strengthen Matrwith ea 31 11 hnationnwb
o' and that which
i l+ stfo' thepryoung
rl that fishery pro. elsbrooked no opposition, Captain Leal
ea ynnug mariners. ;brooked pP I
place Tho end fisheries of Newfomdlald haro'forties destroyed most of their settlonie
when been carried on for foul' centuries, anti the and stripped their battlements in the ]el
;ting enormous each of last year, though not as of St, Pierre, Placoutia remained tnntak
n the great as in some previoi0 years, proves that Fleshed with victory the British advan
y for the fish are as plentiful as ever. against it, confident of fatting a sur1end
Lha
The first, and for man ' years the only het, after repented assaults 01wh flamer 11
entry persons who reaped the rich harvest of the the last, the enemy held the fort and
orbea cold waters of Newfoundlned, were the :British retired leaving hint in possession.
Lung hardy fishermen of the Basque provinces of Thus again victorious the French mad
an .lrorvuundy uud Brittany, nor have we any second attempt to take St. John's, and
t of record of the participation therein of British open the way for the total subjugation
other fishermen hetero the year 1540, when many the island. Bub again they were vigoron
tents ships from London, Bristol, Bideford and repulsed. Checked but not defeated tb
ruin- f3arnsteple are said to hove been engaged in returned to the charge again and again wi
ing fishing on the Banks. So soon did the true no better results, until the winter of 17
zing nature and extent of the fisheries appear when they surprised the garrison and to
arly that Lord Bacon declared that "Newfound- the city, and Nswfoundlend was once mot
rose land contained richer treasures than the lost to the British. Carbonear alone he
igns mines of Mexico and Peru." In 1005 there out against the French, and for sever
met were exported 205,103 quintals of codfish to years it was the only town in the isle
full foreign countries, and en 1703 the ynantity over which floated the flag of England.
niug had increased to 348,294 quintals. In 1315 In 1713, everything was changed by t
treat the catch exceeded 1,000,000 quintals, and signing of the Treaty of Utrecht. Jly i
eck- in 1381, 1,600,000 quintals, since which provisions, New•foundlnd, with itsadjace
en, period it has varied but slightly. The an. islands, was secured to the British, and 11
heir anal valga of the fishery is about $7,500,. French were at 1086 compelled to retie
and 000. from Placentia. "A very important r
tart At the beginning of the seventeenth servation was however made in favour
old century the French although in possession the French," says Ma Harvey, " wife
tah• of Acadia, Cape Breton and Canada bat was destined to be a source of trouble fo
rem having long coveted Newfoundland, not more than a century and a half, and wife
ing alone for its fisheries and in the interests of Prevented the Britisll subjects of Now
the its navy, but also because it was the door oundlanri from settling and colonizing mo
den for Canada, obtained a foothold in the than half the island, and this by far th
'ons island by receiving permission from the better half in regard to soil, climate ala
esof 13rftiall Government to dry fish on its shores 1lateral capabilities. By the Treaty o
fit in return for a payment of five per cent. on Utrecht, though the French wore exclude
ded the quantity cured. That an ultimate hive. from all territorial rights in Newfoundland
vi- elonof Newfoundland was designed and that they were secured in the privilege of fish
ir• this small privilege Was merely obtained as ing, concurrently with the English, along
'd, a means to that end is patent from the fact more than half the coast, and 13100 per
etl', that within the comparatively brief space of mitted to use the shore of this nor
tris twenty-five years the French had become so tion of the island, so far as it was
m• emboldened that we find them in possession needed for the prosecution of their fisheries.
ed of a strongly fortified colony in Placentia ; This unfortunate concession led to endless
eea, and in other places along the southern shore disputes." Continuing, the same writer
ed of Newfoundland the aggressors lead plant. says 1 "The French persistently contended
ed themselves in positions from which they that the provisions of the treaty gave them,
obtained absolute command over bot)' sides not a concurrent, but an exclusive right of
of the Gulf of St. Lawrence. fishing on this part of the coast, and also
Weak kneed and .,,, 3 3 ting from the Best that the use of the shore for fishery purposes
forbade the settlement of this region by the
British subjects. Both these mterpreta-
tions were repudiated by the people of
Newfoundland, and were Heyer admitted as
being correct by the Impala' authorities,
Nevertheless successive English Govern-
ments left the matter undecided and refused
to plane this portion of the coast under the
jurisdiction of the local Gorernmeut or to
sanction its settlement, so sensitive were
they in guarding the treaty rights of the
French. The consequeece has been that,
practically, the inhabitants of Newfound-
land have been excluded hem half
their 0011 ten'rilory 1111011 is still
to a greater extent, a mere wilderness ;
and that a population of "squatte,s" with.
out any title to their 1 0350/51000 01;1 living
outside the pale of law, was allowed to gree
up there without any eil')U:lmg influence.
This was a standing grievance generation
after generation ; and so slow las been the
march of civilization in these latitudes that
the " squatter " Inas only been brought
within the pale of lacy and order dur_
ing the past few years. It was not
until the year 1878 that a magistrate 1
WOO appointed, with the concurrence
of the home authorities, to have t
jurisdiction in the forlorn district just s
described ; end it was only as late as 1881 a
that the local Government was empowered G
to issue grants of land and mining licenses h
for the same legality." 1
Although at the close of the seven years' 0
war, Franco had lost Canada and Cape Bre- a
ton, she still clerishod the ambition of re. 11
gaining her former position in Newfound- 0
lana]. Hence in 1702 she made another de- a
termined attempt at conquest. A powerful }n
naval squadron sailed from Brest for New- (1
fohmdland, and after skillfully evading the th
ships of Great Britain, it reached Bay Bulls, 11
a settlement twenty 'piles south of St. 11
John's, on the twenty.fourth of June. The A
French marched thence upon St, John's, 0•
surprised the garrison and took it. The Go- w
venter was absent in England, but on his re• Pe
turn voyage a sloop met hitt with tidings of to
what had happened. By her he sent dis• e
patches to Lord Colville, Commander of the est
British forces at Halifax, who immediate) 1)e
sailed for St. John's with a strong force and t11
blocked the harbour wherein lay the Freneh sit
Beet, Meanwhile the Governor landed at th
Placentia and strengthened and repaired its IY
fortifications, Lord Colville was joined by las
Colonel Amherst, who had won his spurs to
et the fatuous steges of Louisburg. Placing los
himself at the head of eight hundred gallant Po
Higllanclors, this/maim otficerlanded at Tor- me
bay, seveutnilesnortllofSt,Jolnn18,and thenoe 10
fought his way to an attack on the French s51
garrison who possessed the capita]. Notwith• pe
standing the rugged nature of the country, the
its dense forests, craggy cliffs, and entire the
absence of roads, the ardour of Colonel Am. the
beret's followers wee irresistible, and by of
their triumphant assault of the Protein poli• ape
tion en Signal Hill, they practically became app
matters of the remotion, Lord Colville's Bri
blockading force holding the enemy's ships an
within the harbour, But by ono of those cot
strange, though not infrevnmtt, chances of mo
war, a storm drove the British ships to sea, T]
and 00det• cover of a beneficent fog the air
Trench Beet escaped in safety, Colonel Som
Amherst's troops remained, and after a brief dal
but eovere struggle the F1 -000h surrendered sit'
on the condition that they should be fetch boo
to France. Thus for the last time were the age
stern invaders expelled from Newfoundland, men
though they had fouellt midi plotted with, it stai
must bo said, great bravery and 00000)ng Dom
porseveranoa and imgemlity to matte it their pea
ow11,
said
o in- dignation of the Now ouudianders at.
0t, of supitlenese and indifference to theft' bes
tem tet•ests of the Impered (lovermnsnt
rake natter for surprise, when viewed in
enee light of its shiftless, blundertle=. re
the which these facts of 1111ere%1 teasel?
this But to resume ot1 /1;8 i11.10141 r1' roe
ally 13y the appointment of Sir Hugh red]
(nor the governorship of the isleml, in 17
foe, slight improvement tools place in the
11 a era! condition of the Newlonndhudo's ;
10111 00 1)1 as he Scald, this sagacious anew
that regulated the retntials which existed
los, tweet, the French and. British flshern
ere- „ \\'line he gemmed the 'French in the alar
the
ttu-
bo a
the
Vasa,
8 ane
11 the
)set,
it• to
(l, d, 11
gen-
and
raft
be.
1et1. -
her nuwilliegness to aha1don the " rights" lou•e1ot•, the ''rends with admirable f
nm- oleo of all the rights and privileges acqui
lei's by the Treaties of 111 0 0 1333 and Paris,
atly ordered that they were to be allowed
and prosecute the fishery within the limits
1051 signed them, udlhottt molestation, he a
re's clearly recognized that within these lim
lits hey had no superiority over 13rit1013 fish
and mol, and no exclusive right whatever."
OIL though solicitous of bettering the pith
cod condition of hie fellow -exiles, Captain Pal
er, sir was tit 110 thine (luring his term of of
Ian able to afford them absolute protection fr
the the brutality and insolence of the Fran
Ever frtultfenlly zealous for the rights of t
a French, and fearful of Giving them 05311
1 80 the British power, with a strange fatui
of seers to have thought but little of,
sly oared less for, the sufferings and privet ht,
ey she wlta thereby inflicting on hoe owe s0
011 jocts ; nor, throughout the whole strngg
8, bas elle ever' been 11110)11) to take one deoisi
olc and manly step towards securing to the
,e their indisputable rights and protection.
ld consenting to the use of ambiguous ten
a1 in the various treatlep which were from
ud for the purpose of settling disputes, el
hoped to please both parties, knowing
red
011(1
to
as.
leo
its
er-
But
pieta
lis-
iiee
en)
ch.
Ire
ce,
t
dial
t,8
b -
le,
ve
13
ns
ad
le
at
be the time that the names employed were
is hopelessly inefficient and discreditable,
1)t Tho Treaty of Versailles in 1733 afforded
le England a final chance of making_the
o amends honourable to her colonists in New-
0- foundland for past negligence but consistent
of with her policy on all previous similar oc-
51 c0sions she declined to make any appreci-
✓ able advance in the only course that van
I) honourably open to her and contented her•
• self with confirming the stipulations of
re former treaties relating to the Freneh and
e defining the boundaries between which it
I was permissible for them to fish. The fol -
f lowing stipulation contained in the Vorsail•
d les Treaty not only justified all that the
French had previously done in the way of
- insult, rapine and plunder, but it also made
anything further which they might choose
• to do beyond reproach ; and with an open
- zeal to censer) a the foreigner's interests,
the lewfnl occupants of the fishing grounds
were loft to shift fur themselves, "And
that the fishermen of 111e two nation may
not give cause for daily quarrels, his Brit-
tanio Majesty was pleased to engage that
he s1ontd take the most positive measures
for preventing his subjects from interrupt-
ing m any manner, by theircnmpevition, the
fishing of the French during the temporary
exercises threof which is granted to them
on the coasts of the Island of Newfoundland
and that he would for that purpose cause
Lha permanent settlements which should be
formed there to be removed, and that be
would give orders that the French fisher-
men should not be incommoded in the smi-
ting of wood necessary for the repair of
their scafeceals, huts, and fishing boats."
" This," says Harvey, " is the celebrated
section of the Treaty of Versailles over
which volumes of diplomatic correspond-
ence have been written and countless bat-
tles fought without any satisfautory remit."
The French claim that it extends their
former privilege and secures to them an
exclusive right over the coast and waters
referred to and to this position they have
°lung with a " death -like pertinacity."
England mildly disputes the claim in theory
and declares the right of the French to be
only concurrent; but until quite recently
she Inas practically allowed, inasmuch nes she
discouraged her subjects in every possible
way, not merely from settling but also Irons
fishing within the so-called` Fronult shore
finite.
This is, in brief, the history of the gnu -
ion. On the part of the French we have
sen amazing perseverance with unperdon•
ble plunder, on the part of the British
avernnhent neglect and indifference to the
est intoreste of a considerable number of
er subjects without a parallel in the history
f nations, and, on the part of the colonists,
patience unexampled but well nigh orimi-
al- A three years' residence on the se,
ailed French Shore made me familiar with a
ondition of thingsof whose existence mere
army would have never convmcd me
ue entirely to the unwelcome presence of
0 French, Again and again had the Eng•
sh sottlere to submit to the grossest build -
alien from the French and without redress,
n appeal to the captain of a warship, far•
orally invested with magisterial powers,
ae either met by a stern rebuff and the ap•
llant was told to go about his business and
cease meddling with the French, or given
hearing with the vague promise that hie
it should be considered which. it is quite
edless to add, was never fulfiller, During
e last decade with the recurrence of each
aoesaivo fishing season, conferee between
eflshermen of both national i ti e', have year -
grown worse. Matters reached a arida
t year when, fu deference to the repr85on-
tfone of the :French, all the lobeter teeter -
belonging to British subjects warn
rotnptorily shut down. Indignation
etings were promptly convened at the
st important centres in the island, and
arp remonstrances were flashed to the 'at-
rial authorities. Threats of exterminating
French or of seeking annexation to
United States were openly made by ee
most prudent and least emotional in
the colony's statesmen, Patriotic "'
aches inspired patriotic 001500, and de
roved delegates were sent to Gloat le'rh
fain, Canaria and America, bearing
unity to admit a full statement of their 1t'
eon • grievances and to debate as to the
ons of protection or redress.
he subsequent arrangement of ibe modes
end8 between Great Britain and Franne
ing so soon upon the lobster factoryscan-
was a crushing blow for Terra Nova's long
surf eons. Protest sitar protest bac
n made by the Colonial Legislature,
Ma tlto inaction of the Hone Govern -
1, bub without result. Thins m'ttteee
1d at the present. What will be the out-
s ? Let that most farseeing 13ri lash states-
), Sir 011011es Dilke, reply, .He reuentdy
that: it seemed impossi.b1e to reconcile
French Treaty rights with the develop.
s of Newfoundland, and, although the
le territory 101013ged to the colony, yet
colonists were forbidden the rights of
ro'gnty. Ho fntller (10010r0cl lits convict.
thee, unable to semlr° a settlement of
r lung standing difficulty, the colonists
sooner or later take the law into their
heeds, Ile was confident that in the
ing spring shots would be exchanged bo-
on the Fro01strips end the colonists, He
ly strongly urgos the Brinell ldovorn.
t to make a speedy eettloment, whirl
1, be satisfactory to the coloniste. May
counsels prevail 1 F. E. 7,
i3r0t serpontfne walk wad laid out in
dardon of Eden.
leo
Y.
in
err
ep the British Government, by the authority
ur f of Charles If. and at the solicitation of
y, Louis XIV„ in 1 075 was induced to rem'
for it was the hest time we had been Lind
a roof for many days ; an0 tenting in n tc
erature below zero is not cond Leave to r
'r
meshing slumber. When we (rose the no
morning we found tile place weBaal beet e
peacefully sleeping in had Lem the scene
terriblecarnage. The wallswerelike these
shambles; theimprin t of blood vhandn sh owe
whereaterribleseufile bad Luken place ; free
the fire of a party advancing up the stair
i way ballots had brought down huge patche
of plaster from the coiling. A few Turk
must have made a bold stand in this littl
, room, or, perhaps more likely; some wretch
ed Bulgariau 10fngee0 hall met their fate a
the hands of their ruthless persecntors
This suppeeil]en was mach strengthener
when on leaving the dismal place weskirte
J ' the town to join the road lending to liar
manly. From behind the walls of a ruins
house on the outskirts of the place two
Bulgarians, in European attire, accosted us,
"°Gentlemen," said one, speaking in very
good English, "you are correspondents for
English newspapers, Why d01100 leave our
town before you have seen wont ruin these
Turks have accomplished f"
I" We aro in search of Skobeleffs army=,"
ewe replied, "and can't waste time to resit
wreekea houses,"
One of tate Bulgarians almost cried with
bexation, "For the love of God and justice,
I,00me I" and he seized my brittle,
" Well," said I, "shall we go ?" and I
turned to my two companions, "It will
gratify these poor fellows and will cost us
ibut a few mhnntee." We slowly followed
our Bulgarian guides, leaving our baggage
to proceed. On entering the village we found
a few dogs snarling over something in the
middle of the road—it wad the backbone of
a human being. A few paces farther lay the
head of a young girl in a rut in the mud,
her plaited hair, tied up in gaycolored bows,
trailed along the furrow. Our guide led ins
up to a well near by ; on looking down it,
headless bodies choked its depths, The ma-
jority of the (Louses were bashed down into
their foundations and the arms and legs of
the slaughtered inmates stuck out of the
lebris.
Look," cried our guides; "are you
ratiefied 3 Please tell the civilized world
*hat you have seen. Three days ago we re -
awned from Europe to our native town.
)11r homes are in ruins and our people are
lead, cruelly butchered by Sulieman Paehaei
eldiers, Pass through the town—every
louse le razed to the ground and there is
tot a living soul in the place but ourselves,
Jame -here's another well," pointed our
,'uides—but wehad seen quite enough. Never
hall I forget the desolation of that place,
he wanton destruction and exquisite cruelty
f those fanatical fiends of Sulieman Pasha.
The next day we came up with the rear
f Skobelsft's army and struck the line of
all at Harmanly, Here I left my aim.
anions and hurried on to Adrianople, just
1 time to discover that the city of Sultan
elitothe Magnificent had fallen into the
ands of the Russians after a short resist.
nee. I received a great 5510511 when I d10.
peered that the grand old palace in the
lade' was a smoking ruin. The beautiful
teem, composed of 73rouesa tiles, in blue,
men and gold, which I admired 8o muoli
Igen passing through the town the year
dere, had aocidentelly beat destroyer,
ho Turks, before leaving the citadel, had
hated the large stores of rifles and am.
tinition in the centre of the courtyard
tel set fire to the pile, It was a larger
nflagratioL than was anticipated, The
law caught Bre and in a few hours the
:Mingwas a mass of smouldering debris,
'ngagecl a few men to fish out what tiles
11 retahe(t their design and color, but
a rewarded after several hours' labor with
W1, one whole tile,
ith the fall of Adrianople the war wee
wticallyover, To do justice to the tidil-
y genius of Baker Pastia, the general cloy-
lig
ov-
agthe retreating Turks, Skobeleff laid to
" Wo felt that there was eomeonc 011150
n a Turk in command aonfrontin u8,
eetl/ We advanced up the valley, They
it is your Baker Paola, Well, I should
r to meet that man and shake him by the
td,"
the duty impose -1 on tee fish cured, and
m
,-
• hitherto the only acknowledgment on the
5- part of the French of British sovereignty in
xt Newfoundland. From Mile point, and tin-
e questionably ow -111g to this unfortunate Sou.
of cession the struggle between tho tea great
of European powers began.
e When, on tete accession of WithamIII,
n to the licetiah throne, 11ar broke out be.
• tw'een France and England, one clause in
s His Brittonic Majesty's declaration of war
s sets forth : "It was not long since the
e French took license from the Governor of
• Newfoundland to fish upon that coast, 0011
33 paid a tribute for such licensees an ltcknow-
ledgmen0 of the sole right of the Crown of
1 England to thee island ; but of late the 011-
d crnaehnnents of the French and His Majesty's
slbjeatS trading and fishing there had been
d more like the invasions of an enemy than
becoming Mende who enjoyed the advan-
tages of that trade only by permission,"
Following soon after the near had begun
Newfoundland became the scene of many
sanguinary struggles both naval and mili-
tary, 811•l, during the year 1092, the French
made a determined attempt to wl est it from
the Britislh. Occupying an almost impreg,
'able 50311ion in Placentia and strong to
numbers, the British neve! forces under
Combo ;o'0Willituns strove herd to dislodge
thele but without avail.
Two years latter the French in their turn
became the aggressors and the Chevalier
Nesmond received instructions to join the
Rocheford squadron with a feet of tell ships
end to dispossess the British of their ter•
ritory in Newfoundland. Arriving at
Placentia he landed and with a powerful
forme marched thence to an attack on the
city of St John's, The presence of thirty-
four British ships in the harbour, together
with the combined resistance of several
forts, wore more than the enemy counted en,
and he was repulsed with heavy losses and'i
obliged to return to France. At the end of
the same year, however, the French return-
ed to the charge with a formidable expedi-
tion under the command of lbberville and
B•rouillan the former being at the head of n
Canadian force. They wore entirely suc-
cessful. The garrison of St. John's, weals
in numbers and in want of military stores,
offered but a feeble resistance, and, capitu-
lating on easy terms, were 0hfpecl to Eng.
land. The fort and town were burned
with all the adjoining British settlements
save Carbonear and Bona Vista, which suc-
cessfully withstood the French.
Tho singing of the Treaty of Ry'swick in
1097 put a period to hostilities. The oppor-
unity afforded by the drawing up of thie
maty for effecting a permanent readjust -
m
hent of the disturbed relations between
o rival powers concerning Newfoundland
was not only culpably neglected by the
ritish Government, but, consistently with
their previous as also with their subsequent
nieidal policy toward their oldest colony,
he treaty proved most tmfartunate for her,
nste0d of compelling the French to retire,
heir &aline en Placentia and on all other
laces hitherto illegally held by them were
confirmed and the island was once more
brown into its previous divided condition,
nal the British setters again exposed to the
awe attacks from the foreigners as before,
smatter of historical fact, after tate treaty
as signed they were openly insulted, pro
eked and humiliated ; they were driven
om the best fishing posts ; their nets end
oats were destroyed • their women wore
suited end their property stolen by the
reticle
By the Seventh Article of the Treaty of
yswiek, England enol France mutually
reed to restore all their p000es0ion0 f0
Orth America which had changed owner-
ip during the war, hence St, John's) and
1 the principal settlements in Nowfound-
0d reverted to the I'lnglfoln, Bt,$, ac we
ave already said, Femme insisted on her
lawful claims to those grand positions on
e eouthweeeccase, of wincePlum/die was
e improq'able stronghold. From tiles
aces her fishermen darned on a very eaten
ve and lucrative fishery in the Gulf of 5±,
awrenee end around the leathern 81108613 of
owfoundland,
Held 0104 the peace whioh followed the
•
1
TIRE ROPE OF.illiMORTALT'FY',
Is it peseible to explain the minimal Inter,
est which is jest now manifeeted in spite tie.
tie And kindred phell0M01111 by the initemsinee
and therefore, presumably, by the public; ?
Eeernyne who reads at ell must have °Nerv-
ed it The ball Reams to have been starttal
by Rev. M. J. Savege, of liontott, in au
artiele in the Forum for December, 1 889,
entitled "Experiences With Spiritualism,"
and, from that time to the present, littered
10 the sultjeut has certainly been growing.
Two loading periodicals, the P01•1011 and the
Arena, have 11811 Ortlulos dealing with it,
and the eminent scientist, Alfred Rattail
\Wallace, has contributed it paper to the
Januerv number of the lasenained review,
in which, eeltniteing certain facts gathered
by the English Society for Psychical Re-
search to be authentic:, he arguee very plaue-
ibly in favour of the existence of supernal'.
mai intelligencee. Can thie movement. be a
mere reaction whist the crude mat,erialism
which has swayed science so potently during
Into years, or is the theory of a future life
al) rut to reeeive seientific demonstration
The question is absorbing and deserves
thoughtful consideration.
In the cams of Christian believers the hope
of hntnertality has a aura foundation, being
attested by the foot of the resurrection. In
the eyes of the modern materialist it is
notion, a plea -sing dream, of opiece with the
fairy tales and mythologies of the early
world, which men's matertty has outgrown,
According to him the doctrine of immortal-
ity has no basis of fact, the story of the re.
eurreenon falls into a category with that of
the gachirene swine, and the order of nature
eleche ed te he againet both. On the
other side thmt cut ions product of
evolutionary farces, the modern spir•
itualist, advances and asserts that im•
mortality ie sot a dream, that intercourse
betworn the terrestriel and spiritual spheres
has acturffly takee place, and that facts in.
disputable, facts scientific, are forthcoming
to prove it
Science, it need namely be eaid, has not
disproved immortality. And if the Munoz)
soul in its sejourn en this planet should tern
out to be in a state of probation merely,
passing on to higher developmeut in spheres
ot which we have 1101I no knowledge, the
process would, cloubtlems, be strictly in an•
cordance with natural laws, To some it
will seein the quiptessenee of absurdity to
sugges that the quadrillions of humaa
souls, good, bad and indifferent, who hams
eppeared upon this planet, may have peened
into other orders. But their gravity will be
restored by the familiar reflation thee the
stallar systems are but a drop in the ocean
of the infinite, and that epheres innumerable
mighe exist for the perpetual transmigration
of souls, and millions of acres of virgin
prairie ever inviting new immigrants would
stilt remain.
The race, it will be admitted, has no life
part from the individual, and, if the race
aye no life apart from the iedividual, then
the fete of the indleiclual everything to
le race. The expression that the inclivi-
ual exists for the race has become an axiom
refer the converse statement, I should be
isposed to say (if to say so be not an hiber-
°ism) that the me exists for the indivi•
ral. Those who ancept the materialistic
osition do not perheps realize all that death,
they tinderstancl it, mama We hall: -
ally put that thought away from us. It
es not coneern this world, it has no prec-
ut' value, we say. There is no money in
1Ve project ourselves in imaginatiou be-
nd life's team and see ourselves living i
lives of the human beings who acme afteur
, sorely this is all illusion. When a
an dies, if the materielist be right, it is
t hard to see that, so far as be is concern-
, the race is dead, the universe has gene
a as the quenching of lamp. We talk of
e race as if ie were the unit of life, the
but it isnot so—the totality of life
organic unie ie the individual. If WE
Mit the extincticaof the iedividuel then
re is an end to man.
tl
ni
dt
19
yo
th
111
DO
ed
tfitc
the
Bet if it were not so—if the race were no
simply the individual mutiplied, and were,
according to the Positivist idea, a larger
existence in which the individual became
nerged and continued to live after his per-
sonal death—what better should we be ? As
the individual passes away so passes the
family to which he belonged ; at the family
passe» so puns the society in which it mov-
ed ; ais with the soeiety so with the nation
wofilllyhich it formed part,. Nation followe
has so slowly and painfully climbed, and
this planet shall have reached its highest de-
velopment, we are told that man will retrace
his steps, that he will go down the path he
nation, as generation follows generation,
into the darkness of oblivion, And even.
tunny, in some fer Jaime age, when life on
sink again into the degradation of mere
,eavaniritth will become unfit to sustain life, and
nality. Then in process of time the
11 finally become itself a demi world. This,
I believe, is the last word of orthodox
science, There is no gaiety hi theprospect.
The light of intelligence which fancied it
Eroolved the universe gone out forever I
le love, the friendship, the life—all gone 5
The charm of the domestic and social ties
which make sweet, the life of man—all gone,
like words written in water or figures drawn
upon the changing air. And all viewed by
the robust materialist philosopher evithout
oompunation ; indeed, if you will believe
him, with a sort of satisfaotion. With the
earno absence of coinpunction and the same
satisfaction he views the extinction of the
minus goneraeions that have preceded ns
to eternity. Some of ne cannot have this
tisfaceion. canna have he To me
ath is the saddest thing in life. dark
adow ruts upon life's pathway ; and
ough in youth We 1110/y not be conecions of
in middle life and in old age we eonstant•
ly walk in this shadow.
The eassation of the prolonged strife be.
tweon the belligerents, brought about by the
signing of the Treaty of Paris, afforded yeti
another favourable opportunity for securing
to the Beitieh the whole and undisputed
possession of Nowfoundlotid, But instead
of this the treaty not only confirmed all the
righte secured to the French by former
breathe, but it extended %MIL ThO adja.
cent islands" of St Pierre and Miquelon,
which wore 6601100 to England by the
Treaty oe pariah, were now teaneforred to
the Futrell " as a relater for her fishermen,
en condition that 110 fortifientions were to
be emoted, and that only a guara of fifty
aura for pollee purposes be maintained
the
111011
who
the
Some
Mon
thei
will
own
men
sled
WiRO
I1 may be admitted freely that te our or-
ary experience there 18 nothing but the
mama universe—the universe that we
, hear, taste, touch, smell. Thus and
s do the senses repone of this reyeterious
rld in Nelda) we find ourselves, and the
ele processes of the intellect seem bile an
elision of the simpler movements of the
Reagens, This we muse admit, end Bea
ding to this measure, if this were Aso.
, there would be little hope for continued
etenea But at this point we are am
ttcal by a problem, Howthe brain thinks
till & mystery. The brain does not 80.
te thought as the liver secrete:3 bile or the
mach aerates the gastric juice. It is
btful whether you could discover an idea
at image among those ()evolution:a of grey
p. Ati Proforma Huxley rays, " What
seiousness is we know not ; and how it is
t anything 130 remarkable tie a state of
soiousnese comes about as the resole of
taing novelle Mune is just as &recount.
ddin rubbed his temp, or as any othet
mato fact of nature," Therefore, though
do not know of the action of thought
rt from metier, we cannot eafely ammo
t thonght le merely the rot& of (Jerkin
nges tiorivtisette, that it is not tise
din
see
WO
sub
ext
son
000
lute
exi
is s
COO
OtO
61011
6011
0011
irri
abl
ulti
wo
cha
agent, and that what we call to mind ie net
eistinet from 111014 er 118 WO 11/1det111141111 the
believe that our five seneee give perfeetly
aurae reports of the aniline:: of the universe
and that nothing mists of which they
tire not qualitied to take cognizance, To
persons with this conviction what 1 one
about to sny Will palmier lave little force ;
and yet their holier should at once strike us
with a sense of ita arango absurdity, that a
footrule should presume to measure the ine-
should melte it self numeure of the poesibila
ties of a utii verse admittedly infinde. Lot
seppeee that iiratead of ti Ye :WORN WO had
but three that WV were without the higher
senses el Bight 111111 hearieg, The world
would have AL rat her different eppearanee to
that deaf and blind animal. Only, merk,
the animal would not tittle it his deal nen and
blindnees, because such things no sight and
hearing, our friend with three anus might:
argue, if Ise could argue, were nnicnown, and
therefore non-existetit, which is precisely the
poeition of the nerterialist, But we know
that ench poe-ers es thou of sight and hear-
ing de exist. Let us admit that they might
be added to, indefinitely, Let us admit that
in en infinite univene there are infinite pessi-
bilitiee. If human beings had ten or fifteen
sensee inetead of five, what a flood of per-
ception there Might be, what 111) efflorescence
of intellect I What dose the fish know of the
beings that more in that rarer medium in
which it coubl not exist. How do wo know
that inan infiniteuniverse there may not brain -
finite differonues in habitat, in moden of life.
To nu) it sometimes earns as if it must be so.
.Anci, with the illuminntion which these
added senses should bring, who shall say
that we might not discover that the 'poets
and dreamers were right, and that death is
indeed but a birth tbat, to quote one who
is both poet and dreamer, " It is not to di&
fuee you that you were born of your !ether
and mother, it is to identify you."
Th e M.O. R. station a,. Chippewa was
binned on Sunday.
Cable reports state thet the Britieh cattle
markets are weak tuid prices low,
The assessment of Winnipeg for 1 891 is
S20,000,000 and its population 27,000.
Frost has culled (benne to fruit and
farm produce in Alabama, Georgia and.
Tairge numbers of people, chiefly of the
farming class, are at present emigrating
from lieland.
Twelve hundred brickmakers went on
strike mallet a reduction of wages yester-
day et Trenton, N.J.
New York journeyreerepainters yesterday
strait to enforce the eight-hour demand,
and were entirely successful.
The London Standard estimates that the
world's wheat arop is very short, and pre-
dicts a brisk demand and high prices.
The German Government has decided to
remove the embargo on Americen pork, but
the removal will not take, place for 801110
The dam of the North Sea Canal 11118.
plereed yesterday by Emperor William, thus
makiug mita conneution between the
'Baltic and North SOUS,
Germen Chancellor has notified Lord
Salisbury that Ciermany will abandon South-
west Africa if the Anglo.fierman syndicate
fails to raise the proposed capitel.
The Secretary of the Treasury at Wash•
ingten has determined on a number of im-
portant changes in the regulations relating
to banded goods passing over United States
territory in Canadian ears.
Two more outbreaks have occurred 'in
Indio, to give the British trouble. One of
those is in the Punjab, whore the Miranei
tribe rose in arms and aetacked the British
troops, killing several men. The other
trouble occurred in Burmah, where a British
CONT1111 WOO ambushed and had a narrow
It is in contemplation to manufacture,
Martini•Henry emmunition at the Govern-
ment cartridge factory at Quebec this year.
Mejor Prevost, superintendent of thefacitory,
in a report to the Department, says very
little is required in the matter of machinery
to enable the factory to manufacture Id &aim -
Henry ammunition. Most of the component
parts of the cartridge can be made with the
present plant, and a few additions at a trifl-
ing cost are all that is wanted to meet a de-
mand actually existing in this country, and
ivhich is sufficiently iinportent to make it
worth while adding to the yeerly output of
the establishment, with a view to reducing
muoh as possible the general expenses,
which meet of necessity fall heavily on a
Emited production. Major Prevost's sug-
gestions bear 011 a point quite distinct from
any question of rearmament of the milibia
with Martini -Henry rifles, which may or
may not be contemplated. His proposal is
merely to supply a demand which can be
met by manufaauring Quebec what until
now has been imported. Ire saye that, if
made in Canada, it can be sold to the rifle
emaciation:1 et a cheaper rate than the itn•
ported ammunition now costs.
Of the many distinguished men who have
paid the debt; of nature since the beginning
of the present year (and the harvest that
death hae reaped chilli/ the last three months
from men who stood high in their respeobive
callings has been unusually largel none per-
heps was more eminent than the late Dr.
Windtheret, leader of the Centre or Roman
Catholic party, in the German Reichettig, Of
statesman whoa) death is announced ab the
ago of nearly eighty, was of late years the
most persistent, as he WW1 the 'nest power.
ful, opponent whom the Man of Blood and
Iron knew. Physically a dwarf, lie 1148 in-
tellectually a giant, aucl he formed mid iod
the Centre party in the Reichstag. Hie
great knowledge and coinage and his splen-
did debating :dainties eombined to make him
the most formicleble tuitagenist with whom,
at least in the perliementary firma, the
Iron Chancellor had to deal,"
Genaieting Proof:
judy—" Do you itink you love me, Din.
Dennie---" Go Way OW, thhtlitliAl RV coarse
Judy—" How do you know ft, Hinnies?"
NOW Sttaeion.
Pretty Wife (pouting)-1That MIT. Gaz-
ette heti a dozen dreeses handsomer than the
ouly good ono ree got."
that nods hell attire to attract attreilleu
from her feed, yea knoWai
Petty wife atbsidee