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The Brussels Post, 1891-3-27, Page 7MARCIi 27, 1801, A MONSTER FOUNDRY. A Description of Kripp's Great Iron Works, From a Stna11 Beginning They Have Be- come the Most Important iu Europe, Oue of the largest Iron and stool manu. fluttering establishments itt the world is that founded by the late Alfred Krupp, the famous German cannon -founder, whose Immo is so well known in connection with modern improvements in artillery. Hie principal works are situated at Essen, in Prussia, 10 the midst of a (tittriet produc:lye of both iron and coal. The town of leaven, which at the beginning of the presenteunturycon- tained Less than four thousand inhabitants, has become an important in:lestrial centre, with a population otseventy thousand per- sons, this inueettse Nein'' oh idly due to the growth of the ironworks, and time consequ- ent demand for labour. In the vicinity of the town, numerous coal and iron amines, many of which are vwued by the Krupp firm, aro in active working, and furnish em• ployment to t e large population of the surrounding district. Much of the output of iron ore and coal from these shines is destined for consumption in the Krupp works within the town, 'Those works had their origin in a saws, thee 0011110, established at lessen in the year 1810 by Frederick Krupp, the father of Alfred Krupp. Tho elder Krupp was not prosper- oue ; and a lawsuit in winch ho became 10. volved, and which lasted for toe years though finally decided in his favour, reduc- ed him nearly to bankruptcy. He died in 1820, in impoverished oiroumstatces, leav- ing a widow and throe sons, the eldest of whom was Alfred, aged fourteen, Tho business was continued by the widow, who managed, though with clitlicidty, to procure aood educatiun for her sons. When the elgdest, Alfred, took control of the woras in 1848 he found there, as he himself has des- criI,e(l, ' three workmen, and more debts than fortune.' Krupp's subsequent career affords a re- markable instance of success attained, de. spite adverse circumstances, by sheer force of ability and energy, in building up a col- ossal manufacturing business from it humble beginning. Al the present time, Krupp's works within the town of Essen occupy more than five hued' ed acres, half of which area is under cover. A census taken in Septem- ber, 1881, showed that the number of indi- viduals in his employ was I hen 111,003, and the members of their families 4.3,770—there being thus A TOTAL, OF (15 381 vent nee maintained by his works. Of the army work- ers, 11,•011 were employed at the works in lessen, the remainder being occupied in the many iron and coal intim of the vicinity, or at the braucle works rat Sayn and Neuwied ; or in the iron mines at Bilbao, in Spain, which produce time best ores. In Krupp's Essen works there are eigh• ty-two steatrahammers, ranging in weight from fifty tons down to font hundred pounds. (hero are 1533 large ovens, 430 steam -boilers, 400 steam-engines--rept•e- seating together 18,300 horsepower—aur twenty-one rolling trains; the daily cam. 811111 ion of coal and coke being 31.060 tons by 1048 furnaces. The average daily con- sumption of water, which is brought front the t•iver Ruhr by an aqueduct, is 24,700 cubic metres. The electric light has been introduced, and the work ceases entirely only on Sunday and two or three holidays. Connected with the Essen works are forty two miles of railway, employing twenty- eight louomotit•es and 883 vehicles. There is ahnoohemical laboratory : a photographic and lithographic AWier ; a printing -office, with 5tetun and hand presses ; and a book- binding room. Though, in the popular mind, thematic of Krupp is usually associated with the manu- facture of instruments of destruction, yet two-thirds of the work done in his establish- ment is devoted to the production of arti. cies, INTINnE0 FOR PEACEFUL USES, The various parts of steam-engines, both stationary and locomotive ; iron axles, bridges, rails, wheel•tires, switches, springs, shafts for steamers, mint -dies, rudders, and parts of all varieties of iron machinery, are prepared here for manufacturers. The pro- duction is, in Dominic Sampson's phrase, "prodigious." In one day the works can tarn out 2700 rails, 350 wheel'tires, 150 axles 180 railway -wheels, 10000 railway -wedges, 1500 bomb -shells. In a meth they can pro. dice 250 field•p1,ieoes, thirty 5.7 -inch cannon; fifteen 0.33 -inch cannon, eight 11 -inch can- non, one 14•inch gun, the weight cf tho last. named being over fifty toms, and its length twenty-eight feet seven inches. Alfred Krupp devoted much etto tion to the production of stool of the finest quality, and was the first manufect ever who succeed. ed in casting steel in large masses. In 1862 he exhibited in London an ingot of finest crucible stool weighing twenty-one tons, its dimensions were nine feet high by forty-four inches diameter, The uniformity of quality of this mess of metal was provedby the fact that when broken morose it S,tOWEn Na SE:tSt o1: FLAW, even when examined with a lens. The firm o0n now make such homogeneous blocks of seventyfivo tons weight if required. Such 111301s are formed from thecontents of a great number of small crucibles, each coutaunng from fifty to emit hundred pounds of the metal, Tho recant developments of the manufacture of steal by the optic -hearth process have removed all diilioulty in pro- curing the metal, and. of a tensile strength high as thirty-throo to thirty-seven tons to the :square inch. Crucible stool, however, though more expen5ive, still holds its pleoo as the best and most, reliable that can be pro- duced ; end mottling else is over noel in the construction of a Krupp gun, liy the pot, fcotod methods in use et the lesson works, small etcol can bo made of it tensile strength of nearly forty tone to the square inch, and of marvellous uniformity of quality, '.l.'he ores used in the Krupp works for making the best steel ttrc rod hematite Ned spethio ore, with 0cortaioproportionof fnrro-manganese. The crucibles employed aro fe•tnotl of a mix- ture of plumbago and fireclay, shaped by a mould into a cylindrical jar some eighteen inches in height, and baked inakiln. Whon in 055, they are filled with SMAS,t. 8,185 00 PUDDLE[) METAL, mixed with fra6monts of murbdo brought, from Villmtr, on the .Latin. They aro then shovelled into largo furnaces, whose floor's are elevated three or four fent above the ground -level, In the earthen n floor of thein. manse room containing the furnaces are two lines of pits, one sot to r0oeivethe tool• tem notal, the other intended for the rod hot =Ales when emptied of their eon. tents. When the crucibles have rnudegote sufficient heating, the fnrnaco•(doors aro opened simultaneously eta given signal, and the attendant workman drew out the crucibles with tong tongs, and rapidly empty THE BRUSSELS POST. them in i into the lits are ai e l for the reeep tion of the metal, The empty oruoiblos when cooled are examined, and of found unbroken, are used again 1 but 11 damaged, tis is usually the 0080, are ground Op, to be utilised in making new ones, The production of steel by title method fur - Mellott employment for eight or nine hon. Bred men daily in the Krupp works. The Bessemer prooess for convortiug iron and steel is also largely uso(i there In tnakieg steel for certain purposes, All material used in the different glasses of manufactures is subjected at every stage to EXTREME AND EXACT TES'TS1 too standards being fixed with reference to the purpose to which the metal is to bit np- plied, and any material that proves faulty when suitably tested is rigorously reject. ed, The guns ar(gintlly munufactured by the Krupp firm were formed from Solid ingots of steel, which were bored, turned, and fashioned as in the ease of cast•irotsmooth• bore oannon, With the development of the power of artillery, the greater strain caused by the increased powder -chargee and by the adoption of rifling—involving en- hance(1 friction between time projectile and the bore—had the result of (lemoestratitt , the wealatess inherent in the construotion of a gun thea made entirely front one solid forging, and that plat was eventually dis- carded, Artillerists have learnt that the strain produced by an explosive force oper- atiugJ,in the interior of a car non is not felt equally throughout the thick- ness of the metal from the bore to the exterior, but varies Inverse- ly as time square of the distance of each portion of the mots! from the seat of effort. For example, in a gum cast solid, if two points be taken, ono at a distance of ono itch from the bore, and the other four inches from the bore, the metal at the 1000100 point will (luring the explosion be strained SiX9'IiEN TIMES As =CH as that at the distance of four inches. The renter the thickness of the material, the reamer will be the inequality between the strains sating at the points respeotiv e nearest to and furthest from tine interior. The metal nearest the seat of explosion may Huts be strained beynnd its tensile strength, while Lltat more remote is in imperfect ea. cord with it. In such a case, disruption of the metal at the inner surface ensues, and extends successively through thol whole thicknes�s}n to the exterior, thus entailing he deetruoRon of the gun, This source of weakness is guarded against by the construction of what is termed the bnilt•ttp gun, itt which the several parts tend to mutual sup- port. This gun consists of en intim. tube, encircled and compressed by a long "Jauk- et" or cylinder, which is shrunk around the Meech portion with the initial tension due to contraction in cooling. Over the Jacket and along the chase, other hoops or cylinders aro shrunk on successively, in layers, with sufficient tension to compress the parts cu. closed. The cumber and strength of these hoops are proportionate to the known strain that the bore of the gnu, will have to sus- tain, The tension at which each part is shrunk on, is the greater as the part is farther removed from the inner tube ; the jacket, for example, being shrunk on at less tension !hat the outerhoops. The inner tube, on reeeiving the expansive force of the explosion, is prevented by the conmprce- si0n of the jacket from being forced up to its elastic limit; and the jacket in its turn is similarly supported by the outer hoops; and on the cessation of the external pressure the several parts RESUME 011E10 NORMAL 1'053TtON. This system of construction originated in England, and is now in general use. The first steel guns on this principle wore those designed by Captain Blakely and Mr. J. Va- vasseur, of the London Ordnance \\'orks. At the Exhibition of 1560, a Blakely 8'u-fnoh gun, on the built•np system, composed wholly of steel, was a feature of interest in the Ordnance section. The plan devised by Sir, \V. Armstrong, and carried into effect for a series of years at \\'oolwich tui at the Armstrong works at Elswiok, consisted in enclosing a tube of steel within a jacket of wrought -iron, formed by coiling ared-hot bar round a mandrel. The jacket was shrunk or with initial tension, and was fortified in a similar manner by outer hoops of the same metal. The want of homogeneity in this gun was, however, 0serious (10(001, and ul- timately led to its abolition. The clifl'o'onoo in the elastic properties of the two metals caused tt separation, after repeated discharg- es, between the steel tube and its jacket, with the result that the Lebo cracked from want of support. Both at Woolwich and at Etawick, the'ofor° the wrought -iron gun has given place to the homogeneous steel built•up gun, which is also the form of con- striction adopted by the chief powers of Europe and by the iJnited States of Amer. ieit, The failure of some of his solid cast guns led Krupp, about 1803, to Lhe adoption of 01111 Rt'ILT•('r 1'ItINClrtd•L With fow exceptions, rho inner tubo of Krupp gun is gorged out of a single ingot, and m every case without any weld. The ingot destined to form the tube has first to undergo a prolonged forging under the steam -hammers, by which the utmost oot' deneatiot of its particles is 08'eoted, It is then rough -bored and turned, '111(1 smbso- quently carefully tampered in oil, whereby its elasticity and tensile strength are much increased, It is afterwards fine -bored and rifled, and its powder -chamber hollowed out. The letter has a somewhat larger dianotor than the test of the bore, this having been found an improvement, The grooves of tho rifling aro gem:t•ally s11;t11ow, and they widen towards the breach, SO that the leaden coat of the projee. tile is coumpressed gradually and with the least friction. The Jacket, and hoops of steel are forged and tolled, with- ene weld, and after being tnroed and temper- ed, are heated and shrunk mronnd the tube in their soveral positions, tho greatest steengt)t and thioknoss being of 000180 give, to the breech and, whore the foreo of explo- sion exerts the utmost strain. The complet- ed glut is mounted Ott tis appropriate oar. riago and having been tho'omghly proved and tested and fitted with the proper sights, is ready for service. Tho testing range 1s et Meppot, where it level plain several mit s bl extent tt fbt'ds tt suitable site for the pur- pose. For maty yeare all gists of the Kt'upp tnmtufacttlto hereboo1 on 97(1' 111tt1'm1-Lo.1DIN(l SOt,TEM and he 111.5 do•otod much pummel ingenuity to pot'feoting the breech arrangements, The subject of recoil has also largely Occupied his attention, In the larger Krupp guns the force of recoil Is absorbed 0y two 0yline dors, fined with glycorino and fitted pistols 1iorfoatod rat the cdgee. Tho pistons aro dt'ivat by the Shook of the recoil against the glycerine, wilier is forced through the per. fot'at',tens, In England nsimilararmrangemont of cylinders, containing witor ac) the resisting modimm, hes boon found of. feodive; and in America, petroleum is employed for tho cattle purpose. Tho ad- vantages of the use of glycerine are that in case 01 a look It would mane too slowly to lose its abet at once, and it le alio more elastic than water, and is less liable to he - 001110 (men. The resources of Krupp's estebliehntent arc equal to the prolhction of gunay s of a size that 000 conceivably be regained, o hes rondo guns of one hundred and nineteen tons weight, and is said to be now making one of one hundred and forty tone, The portentous development of the 8100 end powor of modern ordnance is exentplitied by those guns, and the Armstrong guns of ONE Ilt'NDICED AND ELEVEN 00:11 made at letswiok Amongst the class of monster oannon, one of the most powerful is Krupp's seventy -one -ton gun, This, like all others of his make, to a breooh•loader. Its dimensions are—length, thirty-two feet nine inches ; diameter at breech end, five feet six inches; length of bore, twenty- eight feet seven Inches ; diameter of born, 15 75 loan ; diameter of power. chamber 17.32 inches. The internal tube is of two pterts, exactly joined ; and over this are fourcylinders, shrunk on, and a ring around the breech. Its rifling has a uniform twist of one in forty-five. It cannot pos. slbly be fired uulil the breech is perfectly closed. Its nuteimunt charge is four hundred and eighty-five pounds of powder, and a chilled iron shell of seventeen !hundred and eight pounds. Krupp did much to promote tho welfare and comfort of his workpeople. p'or their aceonunodetion, he greeted around Essen nearly FOUR TilousAND J''.1otILC DwELLtxlts, in which more then sixteen thousand per- sons reside, The dwellings are in suites of three or four comfortable rooms, with good water -arrangements ; and attached to each building is a garden, large enough for the children toplay in. There are one hundred and fifty' dwellings of a butter kind for otfi• teals in :ho cervi -o of the firm. Boarding- houses oardinghouses have also been built for the use of unmarried labourers, of whom two thousand are thus accommodated. Several churches, Proteatautand Catholic have also been erect. ed for the use of his workmen and their fain ittes, There have also been provided two hos- pitals, bathing establishments, a gymnasium, an uneeetanian free school, aud six industrial schools—one for adults, two for females. In the case of the industrial schools, the fees are about two shillings monthly, but the poorest are omitted free. A Sick Re- lief and Pensions 1''ttntl has been instituted and every foreman and workman is obliged to be a member. The entrance fee Is half a day's pay, the annual payment being proper. tioned to the wages of the individual mem- ber ; but half of each poison's contribution is paid by the firm. There are three large surgeries; and skilfulphysiciausa ed surgeons, one of whom is an oculist, are employed et fixed salaries, For it small additional fee each member can also secure free medical aid for his wife and children. The advan- tages to members are FREE 3100100(. Om SCRertAt, TI(E;tTMENT in case of need, payment front the fund of funeral expenees at death, pensions to mon who have been permanently disabled by in- juries wide engaged in the works, pensions to widows of members, and temporary sup- port to men who are certified by two of the physicane its tenable to work. The highest pension to sten is five pounds monthly, the everaoe being about two ponds sixteen shillings monthly. Tho average pension to willows is about one poend fourteen slit" tinge monthly, The first have made special arrangements with a number of life -insurance companies whereby tho workmen can, if they choose, insure their lives at low rates. They have formed a Life insurance Union, and endowed it with a reserve fund of three thousand pounds, from which aid is given to members needing assistance to pay their premituns. An important institution in Essen is a GREAT CENTRAL SUC'I'LY STORE, established and owned by the firm, where articles of every description—bread, moat, and other provisions, clothing, furniture, too.—are sold on a rigidly °ash system at cost price. Connected with the Central Store aro twenty-soven branoh shops, in positions convenient for the worlcpeo le, piecing the advantages of the system within 10e easy reach of all, The original name, "Frederick Krupp " has been retained through ell vicissitudes of fortune as the business title of the firm. The small dwelling in which Alfred Krupp was born is still standing, in the midst of the huge workshops that have grown up around it, end is preserved with the greatest ca`e. At his expense, photographs of it were dis- tributed among his workmen, each copy bearing the following inscription, datod lessee, February, 1373 : " Fifty 3)010's ago this primitive dwelling was the abode of my parents. I hope that no one of our labourers may over know suet struggles ns have been roe 'tired for the establish mentof thoseworks. Ttren ty-five years ago that 507101130 WAS STILI. DOtBTFUL which has atlengtlt - gradually, yetwonder- fulhy—rowarded the exertions, fidelity, and perseverance of the past, May this example encourage others who ere in difficulties I May ie increase respaot for small houses, and sympathy for the largo' sorrows they too demi contain. The object, of labour should bo the common weal. If work bring blessing, then is labour prayer, May every one in our community, from the highest to the lowest,thoogghtfully and wise ly strive to secure and build his prosperity on this principle 1 When that's done, then will my greatest desire bo realised," Alfred Krupp died 14th July, 1987, The P,avages of Panic, Hee, in the shape of a story hailing from rho least, is a capital parallel, or rather ant• Moto, to the Sultans fatalist telegram on the ravages of the cholera, Oito dity as tt pions llolhth was riding into Smyrna his donkey was seized by a lurloous looking rig• oro. It was the Cholera spectre, 'i I know thou," said the Lely man ; " what ,mischief art thou now plttiming?" "I nIn going into Smyrna," replied the Cholera, " wi t ll tt com- mand front Allah to kill 700 of the faithful," " Get rap behind Ise," saki the Monett, " wo will enter the city toggetltor, As they drow treat' the gates the holy man said, "I conjure you, in the name of Allah, and by the pan faith of a 5leelonl, thee thou wilt not slay Ono more then tiro Lord has commanded," Tho Ch01o'0 took the oath, alighted from the donkey, std at ocooeetabout his commission of slaughter. Instead of 700, however, 7000 of the fltitlfnl died during the paned of the Cholera's visitation, \WLon the Cholera had finished his appointed work, and twee about to depart (rem Snnyems, the \lolhalt again mot hon. "flow is it," domaudephe "chit, thou hast committed so groat a pet bee •, t violated thy oath to Allah (L,.+: est not slay more than 70(1 r • • I ' . • 0 the 70(l," ,ttnewe'ed the t •t• more oe less, 1k11 the oil e, eeits by Panic, and uml by me; blc•.z; 1,0,1 Love 10 0 severe critic, Hato c -n more than love. '7 Late Foreign News. SOLDIER SUFFOOATED BY GAS. A Village Annihilated—(lases of Buohranging in New Zealand, A terrific) cyclone has Leen raging in the I'aoitlo at learttonga, Fourteen lives were lost, and at Aitutaki seventy !rouses were destroyed. The schooner Attraura was wrecked, and eight of the crew were drown. ed. The Sloth of Persia intends to matte an. other tour next year, and his programme includes a journey through 1milta, and a progress from tiara Franeieco to New York, including a visit to time \Wot•td's Fair at Chicago, itis idea being to return home through Europe. The ausalan Government has issued a ukase ordering all sardine boxes to be open- ed at file Customs House on the frontier. It appears that shoals of Nihilist tracts and proclamations have recently been imported into Russia from France iu apparently gene. i ne sited ine• boxes. One day recently, in a dockyard on the Neva, several hundred then complained of reduced wages and harsh treatment, They even threatened the authorities of the yard. But iu Russia workmen are not allowed to complain. do troops were straightway called in and the ringleaders marched off to prison. 101. Osiris, a rich Parisian banker, who re• sides at Lausanne canton of Vaud, Switzer- land, has presented to 111111 town a statue of eVilliant Tell, in commemoration of tho hos- pitable reception given by the Swiss to the army of Bourbaki in 18711 The value of the statue is 100,000 frana9'and iL is•expected that it will be inaugurated towards time end of May. The wolves are causing great consterna- tion in time interior of knssia and Finland. A fete days ago, itt the Cdovcrninent of Kien, a young girl and her eweethea•t were attack - ted by a pack of these atbmalc, and the girl was torn to pieces. Her companion attemp- ed to escape by climbing a tree, but fell down dead from fright. Curiously enough, the wolves cli(l not touch the Inanimate body. The Tonga Mau tribe of head -Bunters, in the island. of New Guinea, attacked env annihilated a village of 40 inhabitants. They threatened to attack the Government miners at eeriest, and killed and ate a num- ber of Papuans. A torus was organized for the purpose of defence, and several natives W0(0 oaptured and imprisoned by the Brit. WI Administrator. The little rslaud of La Chrome, opposite tho Dalmatian coast, whioli is celebrated for its almost tropical vegetation, and whioh was the property of the late Crown prince of Austria, has been presented to the Domin- icans at Ragusa, wit' an annual grant of 200011. The island is corrected with the memory of Richard C cur de Lion, who, on his return from thelloly Land, was wrecked there. In commemoration of his escape he founded a monastery, which, however, was soon abandoned, owing to the constant at- tacks of pirates. Students' duels certainly flourish in Swit- zerland, whilst the German universities are trying to discourage the practice. lei(. teen students from Zurich and Basle want over to Berne recently to enoounter a simi- lar number of Bernese champions, and the doughty combatants assembled at Sehweogg to slash away at each other's faces with much vigor, the police not attempting to interfor°. The taking of the census in India caused some ridiculous errors. An enumerator in Bengal w'aa told to count the families in 11:s particular district. Unluckily the Mindere, stance for family, Handl, is also the term for a cooking pot, so the enumerator solemn• ly walked into a house, and counted all the cooking pots of the establishment under the impression that lie was gathering important information for the census. Australasian and New Zealand sportsmen have lately been giving high prides for thoroughbred stock, and at a recent sale at Auckland some sensational prices were ob- rained. A mare named " Mersey "w0s sold for 2800 guineas, but this was quite eclipsed by tho sum of 5000 guineas being given by it Sydney trainer for the famous sire "Nor. denfelt, This price is the highest ever given for a horse in tic Australasian colo- nies. A few years ago the Shah presented the late Emperor Feetlerick with the Persian Order of the Sun and Lion, the insignia and star being in brilliants, valued at several thousands of pounds. After the Emperor's cdeath, this star and insignia were claimed by his widow, but the 'emperor William hail them placed in the Holonzolleen (Museum at Berlin. After more than two years of discussion and correspondence, the Empress Frederick has succeeded in recovering this property, whioh has been removed front the Museum and handed over to her, on the understanding that she holds it es at heir- loom, so that it can ho neither sold nor alienated. Gendarmes in the Department of the Mourthe at blossolle in Fiance are busily engaged in looking fee a women in whits, who naked frequent, but flitting, visits to the Wood of Saint 'I.bambet'L The strange female las been soon by numerous peasants, and some of them who w000 not given to superstitions (elides and beliefs gave phase to her; but she sped away from therm like a door. Under those circumstances the gendarmes of Siriemx have been ordered to try their luck fn catching the stranger, who is probably a maniac. It has been aseer. tamed that the extraordinary wanderer of the n700d5 isreallydrossed imwhite garments, which give her a ghostlike appearoce. The .Uihrt,rnrieu a ,Sir r'le (Paris) published a despatch from Hintze (Alsaeo•Lorraine), which steres that a company of liaveriat light Irmo stationed there has just bad a marvellous escape from (teeth. During the night a gaspipo�in tho barracks became set- ored by some means, and the tempo of ggtts rendered all the moon more or lees insensible. In rho morning when two bugles sounded no ono appeared, -and the inquiry rade into this I msutel 000111'101100 only carne ,just, in Lithe to rescue forty man, who were unco11- soious. Throe of them have succumbed, and a dozen others are still in to critical condi- 14°T Tho half of an ansrtssin has been found on tlto read bow'ecn Philippo polis and Kasen. Ilk, in Bulgaria, and the ogler half of Minn is running about the woods. It i$ the assassin, Pacllewski, who is in gnostiot-ho who tam,. doted General Silevestoff, in Paris, and whom tic French and Russian polico have been hunting all the world over, The teat caught for him in ever so may places hes always been friend to be a Wee t adlowski, !hit. new this telegram comes from Bulgaria: c".flee body of Padiewski, half duvottt'ed by wolves, was found 0,tntg days ago between PItilipl opalis and Kasanlik. A igneous blunder was committed at Calonbv, Ceylon, the other day. The polico at that place had been apprised in the ordi• nary way that loo altsoonding bankers from Germany had gone in the direction of the least, and might be ospcoted to touch An Australian who is travelling through Ceylon, '1'ho steamer "City of Calcutta" this country and the United States Wae 111- reeched Colombo towards the end of Janu. terviewod by a reporter the other day and nry, !raving tom:lied at efombay on the way evoke as follows : out, and among her passengers there hap. " 1t is evident that several erroneous no. - petted to be two brothers named biarx, Clone about Australia aro now Prevalent in wealthy men who were voyaging for pleasure this country. There is not the slightest deo- to the East, They were Germane, and this ger of Australia severing her connection with fact emotes to have been standout' for the the British empire or aottmgup an Iudepen- Colentbv polico, foe they promptly arrested dent Government, and this tact will be made then!. After spending a few [lay's in prison known to all the world by the Federal Con - the mistake was discovered, and the beck- ferenoo that is 10w holding its 8055ion8 in leas brothers were set at liberty, It may be 1110 city of Sidney w ith the approval of the , aupposed putt the Ceylon Government will I3ritislt authorities, The object of that hear more of rite matter, Conference is to bring about a federal union Cases of Lushranging, or " bailing•up," of the seven great colonies of the continent were always comparatively rare in Ssew to frame a federal constitution, to establish Zealand, even In the wilder days of a quarter a Federal parliament, and to found a tett- of a century and more ago, bttt it is 8(03018- era! Government that eholl take charge of ing to hear of all accident of the kind in the the general interests of the united colonies. presort yea of grace. One is just reported Tine is a very great undertaking, a8 can be from Dunedin, however, the Rockland seen by taking into constderntion the nteg- etation, in Strath-'raieri, some forty nitude of the country, the extraordinary miles from the Otago capital, !raving growth of its population, the rapid develop - been successfully " otuok•up" the other meat of its prodhgeous resources, and the• day, Two men called at the station, asking advancement of its power within recent for work, and when an opportunity offered times. But it [loos not mean that we desire drove all the station hands into the house, to throw away the advantages that had been whore they fastened them into the bed -room. won by time Holland the unicorn. We shall, The Housekeeper, who took the strangers at in a certain sense, form a new nation. Yet first for photographers on realizing their it will be but one of the many nations that trite character, contrived to escape and slip. constitute the world -girdling British empire. pad away for assistance. Alarmed by her " The Conference now in session was pro - absence the two robbers took a single -bare jeoted by a body known as the Australian relled gun and all the ammunition they Courted," which was formed under the au: - could lay lands on, They then forced the thority of the British Parliament six years station hands to saddle a pair of horses, on ago, and which has been busy ever since its which they rode away. They called et an formation. The great promoter offederation, accomno(lation house, whither the house• the man who has Labored in its behalf, both keeper had gone for assistance, and demand- in England and Australia, or over thirty oil some brandy, but the owner refused years is Sir Henry Parker, Premier of the them, and shots wore exchanged without colony of New South Wales, who is now- taking owtaking elle. cried. The horses taken return- the leading spirit in the Conference at Sid- ed to the station the following day. It is nay. He is well along in life, but his energy sa'd that here has been no case of this kind t la unabated, and the Australian Federation, in New Zealand since the early days of the which 18 sure to be soon constituted, will dfields. owe its existence to his persistent efforts. His motto for the Federation is ; ' One people, one destiny.a' Loss that, half century ago Australia was a convict colony co which British mind - eels w•er., banished, but her population at this time is greater titan that of the United States WAS in the Presidency of George Washington, and, in fact, may be set down at 3,000,000. It is hard to tell who her the booming city of Melbourne in the colony of Victoria, or the booming city of Sidney in New South Wales, will be the metropolis of eastern Australia. "There are several reasons for Australia's desire to coitinue her attachment to the P,ritish empire. In the first place, she will thus enjoy British protection against all foes, and can always look to the British navy for safety. In the second place, we desire immigration from Great Britain, and the home Government does a great deal to encourage it. In the third place, we desire to retain those commercial advantages which belong to ns as a part of the empire, and the privileges of trade which we enjoy with all the other British possessions in the world. business Ohtr is with Great Britain and the British dominions, end we cannot afford to disregard the interests that must grow in importance hereafter. Finally, we belong to the British Stock, and appreciate the power and glory of our mother land. "Yon may look for the fortnation of an Anatsatian federation by the Conference, but not for the [severance of the relations we have so long held with the British Govern- nllel .THE NEW ORDER IN AUSTRALIA. (rent Rreeeel 0f the halonConeereneo 118' Session 8t 8ldney. TELEC;RAPHIC TICKS. The C. 1'. R. steamship Empress of India is et Singapore, Gen. Camponou, formerly. French Minister of \\'ar, is dead. Thera are reported to be 10,000 cases of la grippe in Minneapolis, It is now known that twelve insane pa- tients relished in the asylum lire at .Nash. Mile, Tenn. One hundred dervishes wine killed by an explosion in the arsenal of Omdurman, near Khertonm. Sit' Julian Pauncefote had another inter- view with Secretary Blaine regarding the bolding Sea question yesterday. Spain and the United States seem to have nearly concluded a reciprocity treaty apply- ing to the Spanish West Indies. The Roxburgh Castle, an English steamer, was sunk by a collision near the Scilly Islands yesterday and 22 of Ler crew drown- ed. Rich and Robinson, the Bradford, Pa., wanderers, were released from gimlet Ham- ilton yeetet00y on giving up cash to the amount of 40 per tent. of their debts. St. John, N. 13., has a considerable finan- otal sensation iu the winding tip of the Pro. seeded Building Society, the developments being likely to disgrace some very prominent people. It is now stated that the British South African Co.'s steamer Countess ofCernarvon was landing amts on Portuguese territory when seized in whioh 00,80 rho Portuguese were in the right. The official aecotmt of the Milian battle in which Col. Robles was defeated and kill- ed shows that the Government troops wet e slaughtered in great numbers, the reels ein- ploymg treachery. Mr. Crowe, a Montreal cattle exporter, charges that something very hke fraud was pori etrated on the owners of the Canadian cattle whioh were seized at Dundee last year as being affected with pleuro -pneumonia. THE °KKILIAN REBELLION ; Rebel Aireollles—!terrible Death of a i'rave Commander —rile 83tnatlen eery overt,. Lomax, March 2O.—Tic Ohnes has a dos - Retch frown Santiago, giving an official ver- sion of the recelt battle to Chili. from this it appears that Col. Robles, who conunand- ed the Government troops, on the 6th inst., being short of provisions, rashly abandoned a strong position on (Mount Sebastopol, and, with 1,200 infantry, 211 cavalry, and a few guns, attacked t1 force of 2,300 rebels. At a critical moment the enemy, by a decoy trace for a parley, opened a fearful tiro at close quarters, killing or wounding two-thirds of the (;overnmout troops, Col. Robles was shod in the foot early in the battle. He scarred another mount, after the bullet had been extracted from his foot, but he was again wounded in the side, and was placed in an ambulance. The rebels captured the ambulance, and their leader threatened to shoot all who were with the wounded man unless Col. Rubles was indicated to him. An attendant pointed out Col. Robles, whereupon the enlonel was fled at by the rebels, being riddled with oloven balls, besides being hacked with bayonets and in- doseeib0bly mutilated, A gemmed atassnore of wounded officers ensued, Of the wound- ed neon 304 we'o allowed to proceed to Val- paraiso, but permission was refused to sand the body of Col. Robles here. The loss of the insurgents is estimated at 300 killed! and 400 wounded. Their account of the battle cannot be procured at present. President Bttlnaceda admits the gravity of the disaster, which placed the Province of T.atapacaentirely in the halls of the insur- gents. The President says, however, that the (love7une,t bas 30,000 troops at its dispo. sal, Sharp Points. Culprit barber to man at guillotine ; "No shampoo; jute; it plain crit please," The teamster has no excuse forbcing idle; his business is alu'ttys driving. The mat who colla beer by the schooner it the one exception to the rule that no man ono serve two masters. Marc's a rema'kelilc case. The other, day n wagon -tabor who had been dumb for yeare picked lip a hub end spoke. Between the ages of 10 and 20 a 6014 10.11 do more laughing and break more dishes that during the remainder of her life, e� To what do you attribute your longevi- ty, asked at investignter of a centenarian, ro the fact that I never died," was the oottehtsivo reply, "Hero, my dear fellow, I giro you book ATTACKED BY A LIOti. .1 Tamer Receives Fatal InJuries While Training the Animal. A terrible scene, by whicr a well-known lion tamer will lose his life, was witnessed at the Hippodrome in Paris recently. The spectacle of "Nero" is being prepared at the Ilippodtome, and one of the features of the show, as proposed, was an attack by a number of lions upon wooden figures so ar- ranged in the arena as to represent humsm beings. Sects, the lion tamer, had just con- cluded the day's drilling of training of six lions for this performance, and was driving them back into their cages, when one of them sullenly refused to re -anter his cage - Seats managed to cage the remaining live lions, and then turned Its attention to the rebellious animal, which had angrily taken refuge in a neighboring passage. Sects arm- ed himself with a lance and tried to dislodge the refractory lion, but in so doing he trip- ped and lost hold of his ranee, the weapon. rolling several yards away from hien. Before the lion tamer could regain posses- sion of the lance the lion sprang upon the unfortunate man, ]curled hon to the floor, and bit and rent him in a most horrible manner. eteets'scries for help soon brougict another of the trainers to the scene. The latter caught up the lance and gallantly at. tacked the lion, inflicting a severe wound with the weapon in the animal's fathead. Cowed by the wound, the lion released poor Soots and slunk into its cage. 'Medical as- aistence was pronply sent foe and everything possible was done to save the lint tamer's life, but the latest reports are that he is in a dyirg condition, How She Dootered Him, While six gentlemen ware waiting at a depot in a small town in Arkansas, in America, a coloured woman came up and asked if anyone was a doctor. One of then_ WAS, and she rolled her check apron in her hands in a fussy way, and asked if he omldu't "jilt step ober to de cabin an' see whet ailed lar ole 111811." Ile folmcl that he had time and said lie would go, and two or three of the curers went with rum. As they, drew near the cabin the woman halted and said, " Poo bin all do dactyl he's had, and I'ze willim to allow dot I might or Wade , some mistakes. When he was first tooken I gin hint turnip seed too. Was dat right, dearth?" " I guess so." "Later on I chang- ed to a 30011100 of wild onions. Was dam right?" "It might have been." "Den 1 soaked his fent in hot water wid wood ashes in ft andnet mustard poultice on do bade of his na neck "Yes," " Den he allowed he felt WlSs, are so I changed do mustard to His stamaolt, an' soaked his head. Ho chat oomplaioed all de mawning,' an' now I'ze got mustard on his • foot, a poulticeou tlho mi(lrlla, horse radish on his neck, ane he's takin' sassaera8 tea to warm up do inside," "Well 1" ct \Vali, if dare's boon any mistake cloan't let on to de - Ole man, Jnst Skip it ober." The doctor' wont and examined the patient ami found he hail a broken rib, and told hive what to do for it, As he raft the cabin the woman fol- lowed him out and exclaimed, " re' the Lewd, doctnit, but what a blossinn' dat you dun Done along 1 I was dun dootortu' de the t?5 which you were xn good as to lend ole man fur softonin' of do brain, tin' if I inn." "Oh, so I dad, I had entirely forgot• hadn't cached you today .5 was don g3 wino ten about it." "The deuce 1 Why did yon to try to harden 'emu bym1xl1' can p d ofd not tell me that before 5" his porridge 1"