The Brussels Post, 1891-3-27, Page 7MARCIi 27, 1801,
A MONSTER FOUNDRY.
A Description of Kripp's Great
Iron Works,
From a Stna11 Beginning They Have Be-
come the Most Important iu Europe,
Oue of the largest Iron and stool manu.
fluttering establishments itt the world is
that founded by the late Alfred Krupp, the
famous German cannon -founder, whose Immo
is so well known in connection with modern
improvements in artillery. Hie principal
works are situated at Essen, in Prussia, 10
the midst of a (tittriet produc:lye of both
iron and coal. The town of leaven, which
at the beginning of the presenteunturycon-
tained Less than four thousand inhabitants,
has become an important in:lestrial centre,
with a population otseventy thousand per-
sons, this inueettse Nein'' oh idly due to the
growth of the ironworks, and time consequ-
ent demand for labour. In the vicinity of
the town, numerous coal and iron amines,
many of which are vwued by the Krupp
firm, aro in active working, and furnish em•
ployment to t e large population of the
surrounding district. Much of the output
of iron ore and coal from these shines is
destined for consumption in the Krupp
works within the town, 'Those works had
their origin in a
saws, thee 0011110,
established at lessen in the year 1810 by
Frederick Krupp, the father of Alfred
Krupp. Tho elder Krupp was not prosper-
oue ; and a lawsuit in winch ho became 10.
volved, and which lasted for toe years
though finally decided in his favour, reduc-
ed him nearly to bankruptcy. He died in
1820, in impoverished oiroumstatces, leav-
ing a widow and throe sons, the eldest of
whom was Alfred, aged fourteen, Tho
business was continued by the widow, who
managed, though with clitlicidty, to procure
aood educatiun for her sons. When the
elgdest, Alfred, took control of the woras in
1848 he found there, as he himself has des-
criI,e(l, ' three workmen, and more debts
than fortune.'
Krupp's subsequent career affords a re-
markable instance of success attained, de.
spite adverse circumstances, by sheer force
of ability and energy, in building up a col-
ossal manufacturing business from it humble
beginning. Al the present time, Krupp's
works within the town of Essen occupy more
than five hued' ed acres, half of which area
is under cover. A census taken in Septem-
ber, 1881, showed that the number of indi-
viduals in his employ was I hen 111,003, and
the members of their families 4.3,770—there
being thus
A TOTAL, OF (15 381 vent nee
maintained by his works. Of the army work-
ers, 11,•011 were employed at the works in
lessen, the remainder being occupied in the
many iron and coal intim of the vicinity, or
at the braucle works rat Sayn and Neuwied ;
or in the iron mines at Bilbao, in Spain,
which produce time best ores. In
Krupp's Essen works there are eigh•
ty-two steatrahammers, ranging in weight
from fifty tons down to font hundred
pounds. (hero are 1533 large ovens, 430
steam -boilers, 400 steam-engines--rept•e-
seating together 18,300 horsepower—aur
twenty-one rolling trains; the daily cam.
811111 ion of coal and coke being 31.060 tons
by 1048 furnaces. The average daily con-
sumption of water, which is brought front
the t•iver Ruhr by an aqueduct, is 24,700
cubic metres. The electric light has been
introduced, and the work ceases entirely
only on Sunday and two or three holidays.
Connected with the Essen works are forty
two miles of railway, employing twenty-
eight louomotit•es and 883 vehicles. There is
ahnoohemical laboratory : a photographic
and lithographic AWier ; a printing -office,
with 5tetun and hand presses ; and a book-
binding room.
Though, in the popular mind, thematic of
Krupp is usually associated with the manu-
facture of instruments of destruction, yet
two-thirds of the work done in his establish-
ment is devoted to the production of arti.
cies,
INTINnE0 FOR PEACEFUL USES,
The various parts of steam-engines, both
stationary and locomotive ; iron axles,
bridges, rails, wheel•tires, switches, springs,
shafts for steamers, mint -dies, rudders, and
parts of all varieties of iron machinery, are
prepared here for manufacturers. The pro-
duction is, in Dominic Sampson's phrase,
"prodigious." In one day the works can
tarn out 2700 rails, 350 wheel'tires, 150 axles
180 railway -wheels, 10000 railway -wedges,
1500 bomb -shells. In a meth they can pro.
dice 250 field•p1,ieoes, thirty 5.7 -inch cannon;
fifteen 0.33 -inch cannon, eight 11 -inch can-
non, one 14•inch gun, the weight cf tho last.
named being over fifty toms, and its length
twenty-eight feet seven inches.
Alfred Krupp devoted much etto tion to
the production of stool of the finest quality,
and was the first manufect ever who succeed.
ed in casting steel in large masses. In 1862
he exhibited in London an ingot of finest
crucible stool weighing twenty-one tons, its
dimensions were nine feet high by forty-four
inches diameter, The uniformity of quality
of this mess of metal was provedby the fact
that when broken morose it
S,tOWEn Na SE:tSt o1: FLAW,
even when examined with a lens. The firm
o0n now make such homogeneous blocks of
seventyfivo tons weight if required. Such
111301s are formed from thecontents of a great
number of small crucibles, each coutaunng
from fifty to emit hundred pounds of the
metal, Tho recant developments of the
manufacture of steal by the optic -hearth
process have removed all diilioulty in pro-
curing the metal, and. of a tensile strength
high as thirty-throo to thirty-seven tons to
the :square inch. Crucible stool, however,
though more expen5ive, still holds its pleoo
as the best and most, reliable that can be pro-
duced ; end mottling else is over noel in the
construction of a Krupp gun, liy the pot,
fcotod methods in use et the lesson works,
small etcol can bo made of it tensile strength
of nearly forty tone to the square inch, and
of marvellous uniformity of quality, '.l.'he
ores used in the Krupp works for making the
best steel ttrc rod hematite Ned spethio ore,
with 0cortaioproportionof fnrro-manganese.
The crucibles employed aro fe•tnotl of a mix-
ture of plumbago and fireclay, shaped by a
mould into a cylindrical jar some eighteen
inches in height, and baked inakiln. Whon
in 055, they are filled with
SMAS,t. 8,185 00 PUDDLE[) METAL,
mixed with fra6monts of murbdo brought,
from Villmtr, on the .Latin. They aro then
shovelled into largo furnaces, whose floor's
are elevated three or four fent above the
ground -level, In the earthen n floor of thein.
manse room containing the furnaces are
two lines of pits, one sot to r0oeivethe tool•
tem notal, the other intended for the rod
hot =Ales when emptied of their eon.
tents. When the crucibles have rnudegote
sufficient heating, the fnrnaco•(doors aro
opened simultaneously eta given signal,
and the attendant workman drew out the
crucibles with tong tongs, and rapidly empty
THE BRUSSELS POST.
them in i
into the lits are ai e l for the reeep
tion of the metal, The empty oruoiblos when
cooled are examined, and of found unbroken,
are used again 1 but 11 damaged, tis is usually
the 0080, are ground Op, to be utilised in
making new ones,
The production of steel by title method fur -
Mellott employment for eight or nine hon.
Bred men daily in the Krupp works. The
Bessemer prooess for convortiug iron and
steel is also largely uso(i there In tnakieg
steel for certain purposes, All material
used in the different glasses of manufactures
is subjected at every stage to
EXTREME AND EXACT TES'TS1
too standards being fixed with reference to
the purpose to which the metal is to bit np-
plied, and any material that proves faulty
when suitably tested is rigorously reject.
ed,
The guns ar(gintlly munufactured by the
Krupp firm were formed from Solid ingots
of steel, which were bored, turned, and
fashioned as in the ease of cast•irotsmooth•
bore oannon, With the development of
the power of artillery, the greater strain
caused by the increased powder -chargee and
by the adoption of rifling—involving en-
hance(1 friction between time projectile and
the bore—had the result of (lemoestratitt ,
the wealatess inherent in the construotion
of a gun thea made entirely front one solid
forging, and that plat was eventually dis-
carded, Artillerists have learnt that the
strain produced by an explosive force oper-
atiugJ,in the interior of a car non is not
felt equally throughout the thick-
ness of the metal from the bore
to the exterior, but varies Inverse-
ly as time square of the distance of each
portion of the mots! from the seat of
effort. For example, in a gum cast solid, if
two points be taken, ono at a distance of ono
itch from the bore, and the other four inches
from the bore, the metal at the 1000100 point
will (luring the explosion be strained
SiX9'IiEN TIMES As =CH
as that at the distance of four inches. The
renter the thickness of the material, the
reamer will be the inequality between the
strains sating at the points respeotiv e
nearest to and furthest from tine interior.
The metal nearest the seat of explosion may
Huts be strained beynnd its tensile strength,
while Lltat more remote is in imperfect ea.
cord with it. In such a case, disruption of
the metal at the inner surface ensues, and
extends successively through thol whole
thicknes�s}n to the exterior, thus entailing he
deetruoRon of the gun,
This source of weakness is guarded
against by the construction of what
is termed the bnilt•ttp gun, itt which
the several parts tend to mutual sup-
port. This gun consists of en intim. tube,
encircled and compressed by a long "Jauk-
et" or cylinder, which is shrunk around the
Meech portion with the initial tension due
to contraction in cooling. Over the Jacket
and along the chase, other hoops or cylinders
aro shrunk on successively, in layers, with
sufficient tension to compress the parts cu.
closed. The cumber and strength of these
hoops are proportionate to the known strain
that the bore of the gnu, will have to sus-
tain, The tension at which each part is
shrunk on, is the greater as the part is
farther removed from the inner tube ; the
jacket, for example, being shrunk on at less
tension !hat the outerhoops. The inner
tube, on reeeiving the expansive force of
the explosion, is prevented by the conmprce-
si0n of the jacket from being forced up to its
elastic limit; and the jacket in its turn is
similarly supported by the outer hoops;
and on the cessation of the external pressure
the several parts
RESUME 011E10 NORMAL 1'053TtON.
This system of construction originated in
England, and is now in general use. The
first steel guns on this principle wore those
designed by Captain Blakely and Mr. J. Va-
vasseur, of the London Ordnance \\'orks.
At the Exhibition of 1560, a Blakely 8'u-fnoh
gun, on the built•np system, composed
wholly of steel, was a feature of interest in
the Ordnance section. The plan devised by
Sir, \V. Armstrong, and carried into effect
for a series of years at \\'oolwich tui at the
Armstrong works at Elswiok, consisted in
enclosing a tube of steel within a jacket of
wrought -iron, formed by coiling ared-hot bar
round a mandrel. The jacket was shrunk
or with initial tension, and was fortified in
a similar manner by outer hoops of the same
metal. The want of homogeneity in this
gun was, however, 0serious (10(001, and ul-
timately led to its abolition. The clifl'o'onoo
in the elastic properties of the two metals
caused tt separation, after repeated discharg-
es, between the steel tube and its jacket,
with the result that the Lebo cracked from
want of support. Both at Woolwich and
at Etawick, the'ofor° the wrought -iron gun
has given place to the homogeneous steel
built•up gun, which is also the form of con-
striction adopted by the chief powers of
Europe and by the iJnited States of Amer.
ieit,
The failure of some of his solid cast guns
led Krupp, about 1803, to Lhe adoption of
01111 Rt'ILT•('r 1'ItINClrtd•L
With fow exceptions, rho inner tubo of
Krupp gun is gorged out of a single ingot,
and m every case without any weld. The
ingot destined to form the tube has first to
undergo a prolonged forging under the
steam -hammers, by which the utmost oot'
deneatiot of its particles is 08'eoted, It is
then rough -bored and turned, '111(1 smbso-
quently carefully tampered in oil, whereby
its elasticity and tensile strength are much
increased, It is afterwards fine -bored and
rifled, and its powder -chamber hollowed out.
The letter has a somewhat larger dianotor
than the test of the bore, this having been
found an improvement, The grooves of
tho rifling aro gem:t•ally s11;t11ow, and
they widen towards the breach, SO
that the leaden coat of the projee.
tile is coumpressed gradually and with
the least friction. The Jacket, and
hoops of steel are forged and tolled, with-
ene weld, and after being tnroed and temper-
ed, are heated and shrunk mronnd the tube
in their soveral positions, tho greatest
steengt)t and thioknoss being of 000180 give,
to the breech and, whore the foreo of explo-
sion exerts the utmost strain. The complet-
ed glut is mounted Ott tis appropriate oar.
riago and having been tho'omghly proved
and tested and fitted with the proper sights,
is ready for service. Tho testing range 1s et
Meppot, where it level plain several mit s
bl extent tt fbt'ds tt suitable site for the pur-
pose.
For maty yeare all gists of the Kt'upp
tnmtufacttlto hereboo1 on
97(1' 111tt1'm1-Lo.1DIN(l SOt,TEM
and he 111.5 do•otod much pummel ingenuity
to pot'feoting the breech arrangements, The
subject of recoil has also largely Occupied
his attention, In the larger Krupp guns
the force of recoil Is absorbed 0y two 0yline
dors, fined with glycorino and fitted pistols
1iorfoatod rat the cdgee. Tho pistons aro
dt'ivat by the Shook of the recoil against the
glycerine, wilier is forced through the per.
fot'at',tens, In England nsimilararmrangemont
of cylinders, containing witor ac) the
resisting modimm, hes boon found of.
feodive; and in America, petroleum
is employed for tho cattle purpose. Tho ad-
vantages of the use of glycerine are that in
case 01 a look It would mane too slowly to
lose its abet at once, and it le alio more
elastic than water, and is less liable to he -
001110 (men.
The resources of Krupp's estebliehntent
arc equal to the prolhction of gunay
s of a
size that 000 conceivably be regained, o
hes rondo guns of one hundred and nineteen
tons weight, and is said to be now making
one of one hundred and forty tone, The
portentous development of the 8100 end
powor of modern ordnance is exentplitied by
those guns, and the Armstrong guns of
ONE Ilt'NDICED AND ELEVEN 00:11
made at letswiok Amongst the class of
monster oannon, one of the most powerful
is Krupp's seventy -one -ton gun, This, like
all others of his make, to a breooh•loader.
Its dimensions are—length, thirty-two feet
nine inches ; diameter at breech end, five
feet six inches; length of bore, twenty-
eight feet seven Inches ; diameter of
born, 15 75 loan ; diameter of power.
chamber 17.32 inches. The internal tube is
of two pterts, exactly joined ; and over this
are fourcylinders, shrunk on, and a ring
around the breech. Its rifling has a uniform
twist of one in forty-five. It cannot pos.
slbly be fired uulil the breech is perfectly
closed. Its nuteimunt charge is four hundred
and eighty-five pounds of powder, and a
chilled iron shell of seventeen !hundred and
eight pounds.
Krupp did much to promote tho welfare
and comfort of his workpeople. p'or their
aceonunodetion, he greeted around Essen
nearly
FOUR TilousAND J''.1otILC DwELLtxlts,
in which more then sixteen thousand per-
sons reside, The dwellings are in suites of
three or four comfortable rooms, with good
water -arrangements ; and attached to each
building is a garden, large enough for the
children toplay in. There are one hundred
and fifty' dwellings of a butter kind for otfi•
teals in :ho cervi -o of the firm. Boarding-
houses
oardinghouses have also been built for the use of
unmarried labourers, of whom two thousand
are thus accommodated. Several churches,
Proteatautand Catholic have also been erect.
ed for the use of his workmen and their
fain ittes,
There have also been provided two hos-
pitals, bathing establishments, a gymnasium,
an uneeetanian free school, aud six industrial
schools—one for adults, two for females.
In the case of the industrial schools, the
fees are about two shillings monthly, but
the poorest are omitted free. A Sick Re-
lief and Pensions 1''ttntl has been instituted
and every foreman and workman is obliged
to be a member. The entrance fee Is half a
day's pay, the annual payment being proper.
tioned to the wages of the individual mem-
ber ; but half of each poison's contribution
is paid by the firm. There are three large
surgeries; and skilfulphysiciausa ed surgeons,
one of whom is an oculist, are employed et
fixed salaries, For it small additional fee
each member can also secure free medical
aid for his wife and children. The advan-
tages to members are
FREE 3100100(. Om SCRertAt, TI(E;tTMENT
in case of need, payment front the fund of
funeral expenees at death, pensions to mon
who have been permanently disabled by in-
juries wide engaged in the works, pensions
to widows of members, and temporary sup-
port to men who are certified by two of the
physicane its tenable to work. The highest
pension to sten is five pounds monthly, the
everaoe being about two ponds sixteen
shillings monthly. Tho average pension to
willows is about one poend fourteen slit"
tinge monthly,
The first have made special arrangements
with a number of life -insurance companies
whereby tho workmen can, if they choose,
insure their lives at low rates. They have
formed a Life insurance Union, and endowed
it with a reserve fund of three thousand
pounds, from which aid is given to members
needing assistance to pay their premituns.
An important institution in Essen is a
GREAT CENTRAL SUC'I'LY STORE,
established and owned by the firm, where
articles of every description—bread, moat,
and other provisions, clothing, furniture,
too.—are sold on a rigidly °ash system at
cost price. Connected with the Central
Store aro twenty-soven branoh shops, in
positions convenient for the worlcpeo le,
piecing the advantages of the system within
10e easy reach of all,
The original name, "Frederick Krupp "
has been retained through ell vicissitudes of
fortune as the business title of the firm. The
small dwelling in which Alfred Krupp was
born is still standing, in the midst of the
huge workshops that have grown up around
it, end is preserved with the greatest ca`e.
At his expense, photographs of it were dis-
tributed among his workmen, each copy
bearing the following inscription, datod
lessee, February, 1373 : " Fifty 3)010's ago
this primitive dwelling was the abode of my
parents. I hope that no one of our labourers
may over know suet struggles ns have been
roe 'tired for the establish mentof thoseworks.
Ttren ty-five years ago that
507101130 WAS STILI. DOtBTFUL
which has atlengtlt - gradually, yetwonder-
fulhy—rowarded the exertions, fidelity, and
perseverance of the past, May this example
encourage others who ere in difficulties I
May ie increase respaot for small houses,
and sympathy for the largo' sorrows they
too demi contain. The object, of labour
should bo the common weal. If work bring
blessing, then is labour prayer, May
every one in our community, from the
highest to the lowest,thoogghtfully and wise
ly strive to secure and build his prosperity
on this principle 1 When that's done, then
will my greatest desire bo realised," Alfred
Krupp died 14th July, 1987,
The P,avages of Panic,
Hee, in the shape of a story hailing from
rho least, is a capital parallel, or rather ant•
Moto, to the Sultans fatalist telegram on
the ravages of the cholera, Oito dity as tt
pions llolhth was riding into Smyrna his
donkey was seized by a lurloous looking rig•
oro. It was the Cholera spectre, 'i I know
thou," said the Lely man ; " what ,mischief
art thou now plttiming?" "I nIn going into
Smyrna," replied the Cholera, " wi t ll tt com-
mand front Allah to kill 700 of the faithful,"
" Get rap behind Ise," saki the Monett, " wo
will enter the city toggetltor, As they drow
treat' the gates the holy man said, "I conjure
you, in the name of Allah, and by the pan
faith of a 5leelonl, thee thou wilt not slay
Ono more then tiro Lord has commanded,"
Tho Ch01o'0 took the oath, alighted from the
donkey, std at ocooeetabout his commission
of slaughter. Instead of 700, however, 7000
of the fltitlfnl died during the paned of the
Cholera's visitation, \WLon the Cholera had
finished his appointed work, and twee about
to depart (rem Snnyems, the \lolhalt again
mot hon. "flow is it," domaudephe "chit,
thou hast committed so groat a pet bee •, t
violated thy oath to Allah (L,.+:
est not slay
more than 70(1 r • • I ' . • 0
the 70(l," ,ttnewe'ed the t •t•
more oe less, 1k11 the oil e, eeits
by
Panic, and uml by me; blc•.z; 1,0,1
Love 10 0 severe critic, Hato c -n
more than love.
'7
Late Foreign
News.
SOLDIER SUFFOOATED BY GAS.
A Village Annihilated—(lases of
Buohranging in New Zealand,
A terrific) cyclone has Leen raging in the
I'aoitlo at learttonga, Fourteen lives were
lost, and at Aitutaki seventy !rouses were
destroyed. The schooner Attraura was
wrecked, and eight of the crew were drown.
ed.
The Sloth of Persia intends to matte an.
other tour next year, and his programme
includes a journey through 1milta, and a
progress from tiara Franeieco to New York,
including a visit to time \Wot•td's Fair at
Chicago, itis idea being to return home
through Europe.
The ausalan Government has issued a
ukase ordering all sardine boxes to be open-
ed at file Customs House on the frontier. It
appears that shoals of Nihilist tracts and
proclamations have recently been imported
into Russia from France iu apparently gene.
i ne sited ine• boxes.
One day recently, in a dockyard on the
Neva, several hundred then complained of
reduced wages and harsh treatment, They
even threatened the authorities of the yard.
But iu Russia workmen are not allowed to
complain. do troops were straightway
called in and the ringleaders marched off to
prison.
101. Osiris, a rich Parisian banker, who re•
sides at Lausanne canton of Vaud, Switzer-
land, has presented to 111111 town a statue of
eVilliant Tell, in commemoration of tho hos-
pitable reception given by the Swiss to the
army of Bourbaki in 18711 The value of the
statue is 100,000 frana9'and iL is•expected
that it will be inaugurated towards time end
of May.
The wolves are causing great consterna-
tion in time interior of knssia and Finland.
A fete days ago, itt the Cdovcrninent of Kien,
a young girl and her eweethea•t were attack -
ted by a pack of these atbmalc, and the girl
was torn to pieces. Her companion attemp-
ed to escape by climbing a tree, but fell
down dead from fright. Curiously enough,
the wolves cli(l not touch the Inanimate
body.
The Tonga Mau tribe of head -Bunters,
in the island. of New Guinea, attacked env
annihilated a village of 40 inhabitants.
They threatened to attack the Government
miners at eeriest, and killed and ate a num-
ber of Papuans. A torus was organized for
the purpose of defence, and several natives
W0(0 oaptured and imprisoned by the Brit.
WI Administrator.
The little rslaud of La Chrome, opposite
tho Dalmatian coast, whioli is celebrated for
its almost tropical vegetation, and whioh
was the property of the late Crown prince
of Austria, has been presented to the Domin-
icans at Ragusa, wit' an annual grant of
200011. The island is corrected with the
memory of Richard C cur de Lion, who, on
his return from thelloly Land, was wrecked
there. In commemoration of his escape he
founded a monastery, which, however, was
soon abandoned, owing to the constant at-
tacks of pirates.
Students' duels certainly flourish in Swit-
zerland, whilst the German universities are
trying to discourage the practice. lei(.
teen students from Zurich and Basle want
over to Berne recently to enoounter a simi-
lar number of Bernese champions, and the
doughty combatants assembled at Sehweogg
to slash away at each other's faces with
much vigor, the police not attempting to
interfor°.
The taking of the census in India caused
some ridiculous errors. An enumerator in
Bengal w'aa told to count the families in 11:s
particular district. Unluckily the Mindere,
stance for family, Handl, is also the term
for a cooking pot, so the enumerator solemn•
ly walked into a house, and counted all the
cooking pots of the establishment under the
impression that lie was gathering important
information for the census.
Australasian and New Zealand sportsmen
have lately been giving high prides for
thoroughbred stock, and at a recent sale at
Auckland some sensational prices were ob-
rained. A mare named " Mersey "w0s sold
for 2800 guineas, but this was quite eclipsed
by tho sum of 5000 guineas being given by
it Sydney trainer for the famous sire "Nor.
denfelt, This price is the highest ever
given for a horse in tic Australasian colo-
nies.
A few years ago the Shah presented the
late Emperor Feetlerick with the Persian
Order of the Sun and Lion, the insignia and
star being in brilliants, valued at several
thousands of pounds. After the Emperor's
cdeath, this star and insignia were claimed by
his widow, but the 'emperor William hail
them placed in the Holonzolleen (Museum
at Berlin. After more than two years of
discussion and correspondence, the Empress
Frederick has succeeded in recovering this
property, whioh has been removed front the
Museum and handed over to her, on the
understanding that she holds it es at heir-
loom, so that it can ho neither sold nor
alienated.
Gendarmes in the Department of the
Mourthe at blossolle in Fiance are busily
engaged in looking fee a women in whits,
who naked frequent, but flitting, visits to
the Wood of Saint 'I.bambet'L The strange
female las been soon by numerous peasants,
and some of them who w000 not given to
superstitions (elides and beliefs gave phase
to her; but she sped away from therm like a
door. Under those circumstances the
gendarmes of Siriemx have been ordered to
try their luck fn catching the stranger, who
is probably a maniac. It has been aseer.
tamed that the extraordinary wanderer of
the n700d5 isreallydrossed imwhite garments,
which give her a ghostlike appearoce.
The .Uihrt,rnrieu a ,Sir r'le (Paris) published
a despatch from Hintze (Alsaeo•Lorraine),
which steres that a company of liaveriat
light Irmo stationed there has just bad a
marvellous escape from (teeth. During the
night a gaspipo�in tho barracks became set-
ored by some means, and the tempo of ggtts
rendered all the moon more or lees insensible.
In rho morning when two bugles sounded no
ono appeared, -and the inquiry rade into
this I msutel 000111'101100 only carne ,just, in
Lithe to rescue forty man, who were unco11-
soious. Throe of them have succumbed, and
a dozen others are still in to critical condi-
14°T
Tho half of an ansrtssin has been found on
tlto read bow'ecn Philippo polis and Kasen.
Ilk, in Bulgaria, and the ogler half of Minn is
running about the woods. It i$ the assassin,
Pacllewski, who is in gnostiot-ho who tam,.
doted General Silevestoff, in Paris, and
whom tic French and Russian polico have
been hunting all the world over, The teat
caught for him in ever so may places hes
always been friend to be a Wee t adlowski,
!hit. new this telegram comes from Bulgaria:
c".flee body of Padiewski, half duvottt'ed by
wolves, was found 0,tntg days ago between
PItilipl opalis and Kasanlik.
A igneous blunder was committed at
Calonbv, Ceylon, the other day. The polico
at that place had been apprised in the ordi•
nary way that loo altsoonding bankers
from Germany had gone in the direction of
the least, and might be ospcoted to touch An Australian who is travelling through
Ceylon, '1'ho steamer "City of Calcutta" this country and the United States Wae 111-
reeched Colombo towards the end of Janu. terviewod by a reporter the other day and
nry, !raving tom:lied at efombay on the way evoke as follows :
out, and among her passengers there hap. " 1t is evident that several erroneous no. -
petted to be two brothers named biarx, Clone about Australia aro now Prevalent in
wealthy men who were voyaging for pleasure this country. There is not the slightest deo-
to the East, They were Germane, and this ger of Australia severing her connection with
fact emotes to have been standout' for the the British empire or aottmgup an Iudepen-
Colentbv polico, foe they promptly arrested dent Government, and this tact will be made
then!. After spending a few [lay's in prison known to all the world by the Federal Con -
the mistake was discovered, and the beck- ferenoo that is 10w holding its 8055ion8 in
leas brothers were set at liberty, It may be 1110 city of Sidney w ith the approval of the ,
aupposed putt the Ceylon Government will I3ritislt authorities, The object of that
hear more of rite matter, Conference is to bring about a federal union
Cases of Lushranging, or " bailing•up," of the seven great colonies of the continent
were always comparatively rare in Ssew to frame a federal constitution, to establish
Zealand, even In the wilder days of a quarter a Federal parliament, and to found a tett-
of a century and more ago, bttt it is 8(03018- era! Government that eholl take charge of
ing to hear of all accident of the kind in the the general interests of the united colonies.
presort yea of grace. One is just reported Tine is a very great undertaking, a8 can be
from Dunedin, however, the Rockland seen by taking into constderntion the nteg-
etation, in Strath-'raieri, some forty nitude of the country, the extraordinary
miles from the Otago capital, !raving growth of its population, the rapid develop -
been successfully " otuok•up" the other meat of its prodhgeous resources, and the•
day, Two men called at the station, asking advancement of its power within recent
for work, and when an opportunity offered times. But it [loos not mean that we desire
drove all the station hands into the house, to throw away the advantages that had been
whore they fastened them into the bed -room. won by time Holland the unicorn. We shall,
The Housekeeper, who took the strangers at in a certain sense, form a new nation. Yet
first for photographers on realizing their it will be but one of the many nations that
trite character, contrived to escape and slip. constitute the world -girdling British empire.
pad away for assistance. Alarmed by her " The Conference now in session was pro -
absence the two robbers took a single -bare jeoted by a body known as the Australian
relled gun and all the ammunition they Courted," which was formed under the au: -
could lay lands on, They then forced the thority of the British Parliament six years
station hands to saddle a pair of horses, on ago, and which has been busy ever since its
which they rode away. They called et an formation. The great promoter offederation,
accomno(lation house, whither the house• the man who has Labored in its behalf, both
keeper had gone for assistance, and demand- in England and Australia, or over thirty
oil some brandy, but the owner refused years is Sir Henry Parker, Premier of the
them, and shots wore exchanged without colony of New South Wales, who is now-
taking
owtaking elle. cried. The horses taken return- the leading spirit in the Conference at Sid-
ed to the station the following day. It is nay. He is well along in life, but his energy
sa'd that here has been no case of this kind t la unabated, and the Australian Federation,
in New Zealand since the early days of the which 18 sure to be soon constituted, will
dfields. owe its existence to his persistent efforts.
His motto for the Federation is ; ' One
people, one destiny.a'
Loss that, half century ago Australia
was a convict colony co which British mind -
eels w•er., banished, but her population at
this time is greater titan that of the United
States WAS in the Presidency of George
Washington, and, in fact, may be set down
at 3,000,000. It is hard to tell who her the
booming city of Melbourne in the colony of
Victoria, or the booming city of Sidney in
New South Wales, will be the metropolis of
eastern Australia.
"There are several reasons for Australia's
desire to coitinue her attachment to the
P,ritish empire. In the first place, she will
thus enjoy British protection against all foes,
and can always look to the British navy for
safety. In the second place, we desire
immigration from Great Britain, and the
home Government does a great deal to
encourage it. In the third place, we desire
to retain those commercial advantages which
belong to ns as a part of the empire, and
the privileges of trade which we enjoy with
all the other British possessions in the world.
business
Ohtr is with Great Britain and the
British dominions, end we cannot afford to
disregard the interests that must grow in
importance hereafter. Finally, we belong
to the British Stock, and appreciate the
power and glory of our mother land.
"Yon may look for the fortnation of an
Anatsatian federation by the Conference,
but not for the [severance of the relations we
have so long held with the British Govern-
nllel
.THE NEW ORDER IN AUSTRALIA.
(rent Rreeeel 0f the halonConeereneo 118'
Session 8t 8ldney.
TELEC;RAPHIC TICKS.
The C. 1'. R. steamship Empress of India
is et Singapore,
Gen. Camponou, formerly. French Minister
of \\'ar, is dead.
Thera are reported to be 10,000 cases of
la grippe in Minneapolis,
It is now known that twelve insane pa-
tients relished in the asylum lire at .Nash.
Mile, Tenn.
One hundred dervishes wine killed by an
explosion in the arsenal of Omdurman, near
Khertonm.
Sit' Julian Pauncefote had another inter-
view with Secretary Blaine regarding the
bolding Sea question yesterday.
Spain and the United States seem to have
nearly concluded a reciprocity treaty apply-
ing to the Spanish West Indies.
The Roxburgh Castle, an English steamer,
was sunk by a collision near the Scilly
Islands yesterday and 22 of Ler crew drown-
ed.
Rich and Robinson, the Bradford, Pa.,
wanderers, were released from gimlet Ham-
ilton yeetet00y on giving up cash to the
amount of 40 per tent. of their debts.
St. John, N. 13., has a considerable finan-
otal sensation iu the winding tip of the Pro.
seeded Building Society, the developments
being likely to disgrace some very prominent
people.
It is now stated that the British South
African Co.'s steamer Countess ofCernarvon
was landing amts on Portuguese territory
when seized in whioh 00,80 rho Portuguese
were in the right.
The official aecotmt of the Milian battle
in which Col. Robles was defeated and kill-
ed shows that the Government troops wet e
slaughtered in great numbers, the reels ein-
ploymg treachery.
Mr. Crowe, a Montreal cattle exporter,
charges that something very hke fraud was
pori etrated on the owners of the Canadian
cattle whioh were seized at Dundee last year
as being affected with pleuro -pneumonia.
THE °KKILIAN REBELLION ;
Rebel Aireollles—!terrible Death of a
i'rave Commander —rile 83tnatlen
eery overt,.
Lomax, March 2O.—Tic Ohnes has a dos -
Retch frown Santiago, giving an official ver-
sion of the recelt battle to Chili. from this
it appears that Col. Robles, who conunand-
ed the Government troops, on the 6th inst.,
being short of provisions, rashly abandoned
a strong position on (Mount Sebastopol, and,
with 1,200 infantry, 211 cavalry, and a few
guns, attacked t1 force of 2,300 rebels. At a
critical moment the enemy, by a decoy trace
for a parley, opened a fearful tiro at close
quarters, killing or wounding two-thirds of
the (;overnmout troops, Col. Robles was
shod in the foot early in the battle. He
scarred another mount, after the bullet had
been extracted from his foot, but he was
again wounded in the side, and was placed
in an ambulance. The rebels captured the
ambulance, and their leader threatened to
shoot all who were with the wounded man
unless Col. Rubles was indicated to him.
An attendant pointed out Col. Robles,
whereupon the enlonel was fled at by the
rebels, being riddled with oloven balls,
besides being hacked with bayonets and in-
doseeib0bly mutilated, A gemmed atassnore
of wounded officers ensued, Of the wound-
ed neon 304 we'o allowed to proceed to Val-
paraiso, but permission was refused to sand
the body of Col. Robles here. The loss of
the insurgents is estimated at 300 killed! and
400 wounded. Their account of the battle
cannot be procured at present.
President Bttlnaceda admits the gravity
of the disaster, which placed the Province of
T.atapacaentirely in the halls of the insur-
gents.
The President says, however, that the
(love7une,t bas 30,000 troops at its dispo.
sal,
Sharp Points.
Culprit barber to man at guillotine ; "No
shampoo; jute; it plain crit please,"
The teamster has no excuse forbcing idle;
his business is alu'ttys driving.
The mat who colla beer by the schooner
it the one exception to the rule that no man
ono serve two masters.
Marc's a rema'kelilc case. The other, day
n wagon -tabor who had been dumb for yeare
picked lip a hub end spoke.
Between the ages of 10 and 20 a 6014 10.11
do more laughing and break more dishes
that during the remainder of her life,
e� To what do you attribute your longevi-
ty, asked at investignter of a centenarian,
ro the fact that I never died," was the
oottehtsivo reply,
"Hero, my dear fellow, I giro you book
ATTACKED BY A LIOti.
.1 Tamer Receives Fatal InJuries While
Training the Animal.
A terrible scene, by whicr a well-known
lion tamer will lose his life, was witnessed
at the Hippodrome in Paris recently. The
spectacle of "Nero" is being prepared at
the Ilippodtome, and one of the features of
the show, as proposed, was an attack by a
number of lions upon wooden figures so ar-
ranged in the arena as to represent humsm
beings. Sects, the lion tamer, had just con-
cluded the day's drilling of training of six
lions for this performance, and was driving
them back into their cages, when one of
them sullenly refused to re -anter his cage -
Seats managed to cage the remaining live
lions, and then turned Its attention to the
rebellious animal, which had angrily taken
refuge in a neighboring passage. Sects arm-
ed himself with a lance and tried to dislodge
the refractory lion, but in so doing he trip-
ped and lost hold of his ranee, the weapon.
rolling several yards away from hien.
Before the lion tamer could regain posses-
sion of the lance the lion sprang upon the
unfortunate man, ]curled hon to the floor,
and bit and rent him in a most horrible
manner. eteets'scries for help soon brougict
another of the trainers to the scene. The
latter caught up the lance and gallantly at.
tacked the lion, inflicting a severe wound
with the weapon in the animal's fathead.
Cowed by the wound, the lion released poor
Soots and slunk into its cage. 'Medical as-
aistence was pronply sent foe and everything
possible was done to save the lint tamer's
life, but the latest reports are that he is in a
dyirg condition,
How She Dootered Him,
While six gentlemen ware waiting at a
depot in a small town in Arkansas, in
America, a coloured woman came up and
asked if anyone was a doctor. One of then_
WAS, and she rolled her check apron in her
hands in a fussy way, and asked if he
omldu't "jilt step ober to de cabin an' see
whet ailed lar ole 111811." Ile folmcl that he
had time and said lie would go, and two or
three of the curers went with rum. As they,
drew near the cabin the woman halted and
said, " Poo bin all do dactyl he's had, and
I'ze willim to allow dot I might or Wade ,
some mistakes. When he was first tooken
I gin hint turnip seed too. Was dat right,
dearth?" " I guess so." "Later on I chang-
ed to a 30011100 of wild onions. Was
dam right?" "It might have been."
"Den 1 soaked his fent in hot
water wid wood ashes in ft andnet
mustard poultice on do bade of his na
neck
"Yes," " Den he allowed he felt WlSs, are
so I changed do mustard to His stamaolt, an'
soaked his head. Ho chat oomplaioed all de
mawning,' an' now I'ze got mustard on his •
foot, a poulticeou tlho mi(lrlla, horse radish
on his neck, ane he's takin' sassaera8 tea to
warm up do inside," "Well 1" ct \Vali, if
dare's boon any mistake cloan't let on to de -
Ole man, Jnst Skip it ober." The doctor'
wont and examined the patient ami found he
hail a broken rib, and told hive what to do
for it, As he raft the cabin the woman fol-
lowed him out and exclaimed, " re' the
Lewd, doctnit, but what a blossinn' dat
you
dun Done along 1 I was dun dootortu' de
the t?5 which you were xn good as to lend ole man fur softonin' of do brain, tin' if I
inn." "Oh, so I dad, I had entirely forgot• hadn't cached you today .5 was don g3 wino
ten about it." "The deuce 1 Why did yon to try to harden 'emu bym1xl1' can
p d ofd
not tell me that before 5" his porridge 1"