The Brussels Post, 1898-8-5, Page 3AUrU$T 5, 1995.
(THE
asBUS$J+IjS POST,
CURRENT NOTES, (TWENTY ILLION DOLLARS skoaltohttofe msnnow wod me ohdd to THE BOYS E FLOGGED
t
The now naval programme of the Brie
Vele Government is soon to be present-
ed to Parliament. It is said that the
grogr'amme will include important ad-
dittons torthe British Navy, in the num-
her and armament of the vessels to be
oonstruoted. Tho proposals will not be
of a. very exacting ebaracter finanel-
1] d they ill t cel! for an add!- amend at Seattle from St Miehao!'s
others who perished by falling Unleash
the iceman being found every day, and
will, ° eour:ee, never' be
All. re ports published in The
Post-Intelllgeneer about sickness at
Dawson aro true in every particular,
and the death retie is anpidly increas-
On who are worth from • 5,
and in plan rases nun
more,are in ate ton of a' t
and unable to melee ane tela medi-
al attention. UB1'ain fever le troubling
AN ESTIMATE OF'1'HE YEAR'S CLEAN
their identity 'Il, f I CORPORAL PUNISHMENT IN (TREAT
UP A'1' DAWSON, known. A 1 BRITAIN'S NAVY.
aW90
The nest (.deli nom arrives at Rustlllc_Ut. (ltd. the t'nl. ro Nine T,dls is now MhOtnotrn
Lervlews Min Passengers anti cantata to th L $Z" OUO •• 1t the 01[1 0075 Sailers Were Often
—,fudge ltlnll's Espe •lento—SayX flntY, increas-
ing.
d ' y 1 h Terre -bey whipped.
son to a la Flooded Wille sharpers• lying g the 1 t t f de 11 Much is said about the cruelty of
The fleet gold boat, the New England, b f' I d' flogging in the present navy, although
in fact, the real flogging with, the cat
of -nine -tails is unknown on shipboard
and only boys are corporally punished
not more than twenty-four Cuts with
the birch being permitted. Emotional
people outside the navy have made this
into a grievance, though complaints
do not come from the navy! itself. No-
thing which degrades Lbe fighLing man
should be tolerated in a soundly or-
ganized military force, but it is ab-
surd to pretend that the present pun-
ishments do degrade. On the other
hand, where violence is used to a su-
perior offloor abarp punishment is
required. The offence of striking an
officer is becoming too common, and
it may be questioned if the present
penalties are sufficient. In the old
navy the flogging of grown men with
the oat was more common then is the
caning of boys, with mix or a dozen
strokes, to -day. The discipline was
essentially brutal and savage, as it was
an age of savage punishments, yet
some offences, such as theft and for-
gery, ware more lightly visited afloat
than ashore. Allowance must be made
for the peculiar difficulties of war,
and for the dangerous and mutinous
condition of too many of the craws.
In time of war, when every hand was
wanted, men cannot very well be im-
prisoned in the ship much less could
they, in the prevailing scarcity of food
or powder, be sent ashore for long
terms of penal servitude. Hence cor-
poral punishment was mere justifi-
able then might at 'first sight appear.
Flogging was an old -established cus-
tom, and it is noteworthy that at the
great mutinies at t5pithead, Plymouth
and the Cape, the men did, not protest
against it, and even
INFLICTED IT THEMSELVES
upon ill-behaved members of the mu-
tinous crews; at the Nora, where the
mutineers went further, there were
suggestions that this Form of punish-
ment should be less used. There were
two kinds of flogging—by the captain's
order and by sentence of court-martial.
By the Rules of Disotellne and Good
Government to be observed ,on board
His Majesty's ships of war, dated
1730, no captain could inflict more
than twelve lashes. But this had been
modified by the time of the American
War, and captains were then to Lbe
habit of awarding up to forty-eight
lashes. The offenues thus punished
were drunkenness, theft, insubordina-
tion, malingering and slackness in
performing duty. The sentences and
the number of punishments varied
greatly with various captains, and
there was an old saying, "so many
captains, so many navies." Thus sea-
men had a real grievance, for what
was tolerated in one ship, might be
severely punished in another. This
irregularity and oaprioiousness were
bad in every way. The captain wee
omnipotent; complaints, as the court-
martial show, were rarely successful,
and only too often draw down upon
those who made them yet severer pen-
alties. Deaths from flogging by the
captain were not uuknown. A man in
the Theseus' was severely and repeat-
edly punished till at lest he, could not
walk. He was, however, brought on
deck in this weak condition, laid, upon
a gun, as he oould not stand, and
again flogged. Ha died almost imme-
diately afterwards, and being buried
on shore, an inquest was held and a
verdict of wilful murder returned. The
captain does not seem to have suffer-
ed, and the shop's surgeon swore that
the easy appeared so lenient that his
attendance was not required. "To see
man lose their liven for petty matters,
this is a thing God will reckon for,"
said Cromwell, hut our country had
forgotten his saying.
How frequent were these floggings
can be proved by an examination of
ships logs.
SOME CAPTAINS HATED THEM.
a y, au ay w no of many of Lite people, Men who have
tion to the burdens of the taxpayer; Iasi Sunday with a number of minors, bean at Dawson far months and oro
therefore there should be very little ( laden with nuggets and drafts,, on unable to receive word from home
difficulty in oarrying them through I board, The passengers had come worry themselves sick and in many
Parliament. Tho programme will bei down the Yukon in small boats to St. cases they die. Misfortunes also have
tally on the new oondi- Michael's, and chartered the Naw Eng- monk to do in kringles on brain
based principally I trouble,"
Eng -
Cons arising out of the recent changes, land for the sum of $1,200 to carry $00,000,000 IN DAWSON,
in China and In eonnectioh with the I them to Seattle. It was stated by II. Anderson of San lr'ranoisoo, who
.acquisitions of Wei Hai Wei and the t the passengers that the amount of , was on board the New :t4ngland, states
gold brought down by them was cam-' v0 that
000 000 in safes at Detvneighborhood
on v ailing
paratively'vary small, not more than transportation out. and that
awaiting
re-
415,000, as those in St. Michael's bar- preaonts the clean-up of last winter,
beg large sums in their possession were together with what was left over
waiting for a treasure ship, in which 1rom last fall.
their earnings could. be safelyguarded, , He further states that than are many
fine claims 0n (Bonanza and, 111 Dorado
One of the passengers on the New • Creeks, but there has been some diaap-
England, was Judge R. A. Hall of Los' pointment over the results obtained on
Angeles, the owner of several valuable I Dominion and several other extensively
claims in Dawson City, and who is ,1
advertirod districts. This disappoint -
y, ; meat probably arises over the fact that
supposed to be in a position to speak the expectations of many inexperienced
authoritatively and intelligently upon prospectors had been raised too high,
the situation in Klondike. In an in -;and while they obtained gold, yet it
ryas not in such fabulous quantities
tervlew, after he landed, Judge Hall that they could walk on nuggets as
said, in speaking of the season's output' they would on stones in a gravel bed.
of gold that the estimates had run' Tho gold was there. but energy and
all the wayfrom ten millions to forty work were required to secure it. While
many Yukoners have made hand -
millions. Up to Juno 6 there had been some stakes, others have not done so
three clean-ups on claims Nos. 4,6 and I well, and in consequence there is a
territory an tbe mainland in proxim-
ity to Hong Kong, which will become
a naval base of tits first order. The
details of the additions to be made to
the British Navy bavo been worked out
7n aeoret thus far, Mr. Goshen having
said that he had no intention of giv-
ing foreign Governments the opportun-
Lty of getting an even start in the eon-
structton of the special kind of ships
that were oontemplalod. From this it
may be conjoetarexl that it is intend-
ed to produce a fleet of vessels with
• many novelties in design and arma-
ment adapted to the exigencies of a
new line of policies, 1
From the hints dropped by Mr. Gosh-
en a few months ago, in presenting
the ordinary naval estimates to Par-
liament, it seems likely that the addi-
tions to be made to the Britieh Navy
will oomprise a class of vessels between
the buttleahip and. the armored cruiser,
in which advantage will be taken of
the improvements in the manufacture
of armor to diminish the thickness and
consequent weight of the plating and
to add some of the weight saved in
the hull of the armament. Efforts will
also be made to seektre a high rate of
speed with, at the same time, a maxi-
mum coal -carrying oapooity, it having
snipe to be recognized that Mecum -
stances might arise where the supply
of fuel at a British coaling station
might be destroyed or fail Lo be kept
up through the action of an enemy's
cruisers, Whether it will bo possible to
keep the details of the style of con-
struction of these new ships a secret
for any length of time after they are
begun remains to be seen; but it is
certain that other countries that are
.giving attention to their naval arm-
aments are only waiting the first in-
dications to start building similar
vessels. ---
The great question in England now
is as to the value of the older as•mor-
clads, so many of which still figure on
the list of effeetive ships. Lord Charles
lBoresford, who has made this subject
particularly his own, bus conclusively
shown that as at present armed they
are useless for purposes of modern war-
fare, and he oalls for the complete re-
armament of no lass than forty-five
of these ships. The muzzle -loaders
with which they are at present furn-
ished. are of no mora use ithan so many
popguns, and to send them to sea to
meet the ships of France, Russia or
Germany would be a criminal net. Of
these forty-five, thirty-seven figure
on the last Parliamentry return, which
shows the armored vessels of the [Brit-
ish Navy to comprise sixty-four battle-
ships, twenty-six armored cruisers and
fifteen coast defence ships, as against
fifty-seven battleships, thirty armored
cruisers, and thirty coast defence ships
which are included in the united
French and Russian navies, all armed
with the best modern guns.
Hitherto it has been considered that
all vessels built siuoo 1880 might bo
classed as effective, but it is now held
to be doubtful whether, through the
advance made in the manipulation of
high explosives, and in consequence of
the power and, rapidity of fire of mod-
ern guns, those vessels built before 1888
may not also have to be relegated to
the list of those classed as obsolete for
the battle line. In that case a large
number of the Fennell and Russian
ships pass off the) effective list also,
though they, es well as the (British
ships similarly placed, could still ren-
der effective service in the matter of
coast and harbor defence. But if the
ships to be built under the new British
programme Dome up to the expectations
formed of them, we may he entering
on an entirely new period of naval
oonstruotion that Will soon place the
latest built war vessels where those of
ten years back oro now. For designers
and inventors it will he a highly in-
teeesting time, and in the newstimulus
to produce the ideal warship we may,
arrive at something that will place at
the disposal of some one country the
power of imposing promo on all others.
That country will undoubtedly be the
one where the mechanical faculty vend
the intelligent handling af•its produc-
tions are, the most highly developed.
. A SAFE (RULE.
New Cook—Do yo put portages on
to boil'in cold water er hot
Old Cook, trained by her mistress,
Phwiolt Ivor wov is th' most throuble
do bo th' roight way.
HOME LESSONS,
Who Is the man of the hour, mam-
ma?
Your father, Dickie; he :always says
that he'll, got up itt a minute, and then
stays in bed sixty. .
0, on Eldorado, owned by (Berry Bros.,
and the amount obtained was about
65,000.
WILL CLEAN UP $1,000,000.
"A man named Antons," said Judge
Hall, "who, I believe, is from Juneau,
is also interested in these three olaims,
and his interest is equal to that of the
Beery Bros. They estimate that they
will take from these three claims $1,-
000,000. The amount, however, may fall
short. According to the bast informa-
tion obtainable there are between 10,000
and 15,000 claims staked in each of the
four distriots, namely, the Klondike,
Dominion, Indian River and Yukon, of
which not to exceed 200 are on a pay-
ing basis, or from which it is expected
a 10 per Dent royalty will be collected
by the Government.. From these facts
it can be readily aeon that the chances
for a new -comer to succeed are not
very encouraging. There are probably
from 1,000 to.1,500 people walking the
streets of Dawson waiting and anxious
young army of men who went In with
insufficient means and supplies and
who have reached the end of their rope
and will come out poorer than they
want in. But this is always the case
under such conditions as have prevail-
ed in Alaska, and their tales of woe
should not operate against the country.
OTHER ESTIIYIATES.
Capt. Joyce of The New England, in
speaking of the amount of goldawait-
ing transportation, said that from all
he could gather through conversing
with parties from Dawson he judged it
to be from $10,000,000 to $00,000,000.
Capt. Joyce estimates that 10,000 men
will come down the river this season
from Dawson and vicinity and return
to oit'ilization for a while.
Mr. H. M. Lacy of Seattle, was an-
other passenger on the boat. He gave
as his estimate of the gold to be
brought out this season $20,000,000.
Ho said:—
"The treasure boats will commence
to arrive very shortly, and you can
put me down as saying that the first
ones will be heavily laden with the
yellow metal
A great many people will come out
of the Klondike very much discouraged
and will have some great tales of woe
to dispose of wildcat property to new to relate. The most of these went into
arrivals. I can also say that property the country dazed withgreat visions of
must pay over eight cents. to tbe pan wealth. Many of thorn seamed to think
or the owner cannot afford to pay $1.50t nuggets were lying along the
banks of the Yukon, waiting to be pick-
per hour, the wages paid to miners, for ed up like pebbles.
working the same. I learned this from "When they saw the great amount of
parties who are in possession of inform- labor before them and the hardships to
ation wtion cannot be disputed, and overcome they became discouraged and
gave up. But those who went to with
I, therefore, know whereof I speak. the firm determination to do something
Gold Commissioner Thomas Fatvaett is for themselves and who ware not
engaged In recording hundreds of afraid to buckle down to hard work
claims, and the applicants literally have done well.
camp out in front of the commissioner's I spent the greater portion of my
office all night in order to be on hand time in Dawson City, where I had a
the first in the morning. hIany of the earl estate office. There was no
man who record such claims are pro- • shortage of food there this winter, but
motors of wildcat schemes, and they from the prices in the restaurant one
are, of nurse, oompellod to resort to would think so. Here is a bill of fare
dishonest methods. The Government from the (restaurant where I boarded,
requires that gold shall be discovered It reads as follows:—Coffee or tea, 500
in the property before a claim can be a cup; beef tea. 75o a oup; doughnuts,
recorded, and in order to hoodwink
the Government one man will purpose-
ly dropseveral nuggets on tha ground,
75c per order ; Salndwlches, 75c apiece;
pie, 75e a cut ; stewed fruit, 750 a dish;
three hot cakes, $125; three waffles, $2;
while his partner, who will appear let- mush -and milk, $1.50 ; beans, $1.50 a
er, will find the gold and hasten to the elate; sardines, $1.25; stewed corn,
commissioner's office to a'eoord the $1,60; soup $1; Northwest dinner, $8.60,"
claim. It is this kind of property that A large number of the passengers on
is offered to uawdomers, and 1' would the boat were Canadians.
advise all men who go to Dawson this
season to give these sharks a wide
berth.
A DAWSON FUNERAL.
"A short time before I left," he said,
"I attended the funeral of Matthew
Stacey, an ex -policeman of Tacoma,
and A. N. Anderson, both of whom
died at the Dawson City Hospital. The
bodies of both men were strapped to
Yukon sleds and hauled to Pioneer
YELLOW AND RED IN DISFAVOR.
Yellow and red will not this summer
or any time in the future, as far as
can be foreseen, be used as a floral
combination for Lawn or garden beds•
Ithas just occurred to the horticul-
tural mind that these are Spanish col -
Hall, where a panty of hardy Yukonera ors, none the less from being a tra
attended the obsequies. A choir, con- ditional and innocent arrangemeht,
sisting of seven minors and Gold Com-
missioner Fawcett, rendered music,
while at the conclusion of the service
we all united in repeating the Lord's
Prayer. The burial was on respectable
as possible. The bodies were drawn to
the hall by six Malamute dogs which
cost $2,000. The nails to the coffin cost
$8,50 per pound, the wood in the coffin
40 cents per foot, and the work of dig-
ging the Bravo, which ocoupied six
days, Dost $200. The number of deaths
which have taken plaoaat Dawson and
vioiuity will never be known, The
started many years since.
To replace the brilliant yellow and
red flower beds the gardener of the
moment is now resorting to a scheme
of pure, unrelieved yellow. His beds
are to be yellow symphonies of tone,
but without a suggestion of any oth-
er hue. This is a marked novelty in
gardening, and promises to somewhat
transform the lawns of the day, The
flowers that will be mainly used are
yellow daffodils, yellow roses and jon-
quils,
often pass without Itis resorting to 11,
Sauittarez tried kindness with success,
and, though, .firm as a disciplinarian,
rarely punished, "We may confidently
assert," says his biographer Ross, "that
had all the ships in His Majesty's ser
vice been coeuntndnd by snob officers
at Saumarez, the atsgraceful spirit of
insubordination would never have Wee
so seriously and generally diffused,"
But he owns th..,.e may have been ships
Collingwood said of an officer, who
was famous for his flogging tendencies;
"The conduct which is Imputed to him
has always met my decided reprobation
as being big with the most dangerous
consequences and subversive of all dis-
oipline." His dislike of corporal pun-
ishment, we road in his correspondence,
grow daily stronger, and in the latter
part of his life more than a year would
LANDING HORSES
SIBONEY,
CUBA,
THE SHIP'S FIGHTING TOP}
EVOLUTION OF THE MILITARY
MAST ON A MAN-OF-WAR.
rho nlosI Exposes Position In pallia -die
Primary iimleet Is to (/ear signets, lint
11 Carries rt naiad Fire Armament.
'wherein the crewa were made up tram As a place of peril, the fighting top
.he metropolitan and other prisons, of a modern men-of-war, is the most
that no t:reatrnent 'would have exposed poei.tioe in aheated octiott—
out off as its oeoujants are from all
eheltering armor and poised high and
which were is action pieced over the clear as a tempting target for un un -
hatchways, but which were at other emy's quick -firing guns. Let that
row passages on mob side of the ship
times kept in the gangways, or par- mast. be corn away and swept overboard
Cram the quarter -fleck lo the fore- by the tempests of a small shell that
castle. IIe was stripped to the waist;
brought under proper discipline.
When a man teas flogged by the cup-
tain, be was tied no to the gratings,
the crew were tanned up to witness on murmured parts of a foe, and the
his punishment; and then Cita lashes brave defenders must
were laid on byy tbe boatswain's mate, go to certain
a big and strong man. There were death without a chance of 0 bit of
two kinds of cat, is special one, which floating spurs as in the olden days, to
inflicted severer torture, being used hold them bit aueiwr camas after the
for thieves. Occasionally brill at caps
tains pickled the oat in salt, but such fierce rush of conflict.
practices were reprobated and censur- The story of the fighting top reaches
way back centuries before the Chris-
tian era—in fact, back to the earliest
time when war craft might pardonably
be called ships by virtue of their sue -
ships of to -day can bring to bear Up.
ed. Eyewitnesses of floggings of whom
there are still many to be found in the
navy, tells us that the blows very
soon draw blood.
THE " BULLET-PROOF " SOLDIER.
A MEM:older 01 the Battle of Admire (las
a Number of Narrow lsrapes.
A letter written by Corporal Laurin
of the Seaforth Highlanders, to his sine
ter, deseribing the battle of Atbara,
is published by the Scotsman. The Cor-
poral writes;
" I suppose you have seen me re-
ported as slightly wounded, and pic-
tured me as an interesting invalid,
Well, 1 was struck, but the effect was
so small that I have often been worse
hurt in a football match, But during
the rest of the day and for some days
afterwards I have been an objent of
interest, and have been questioned by
almost every officer and man in the
battalion, referred to as the "bullet-
proof man,' and asked it I would mind
letting a section fire a fete rounds at
me to see if they could do me any
harm. The fact is that I got most of
the corners of my clothing shot off,
while personally I was uninjured.
" Before I entered the zareba I was
not struck, but soon afterwards a bul-
let took off the toe of my left shoe with-
out hitting my foot, the shoe being
a si.zo too big, for easy marching and
sleeping at night. Then my bayonet
was struck, and bent over at a right
angle. Then a shot went through my
sleeve, near my left wrist, tearing two
holes, but not hurting myself. Then
my rifle was struck, while I wa i load-
ing, the bullet splintering the butt
and being stopped by an irou bolt
which it met. This bullet would cer-
tainly have gone right into my body
but for my rifle being there. Then a
nigger in a trona let drive at me
with a spear, missed my ribs by an inch
and slit up my haversack. A bullet.
then grazed the back of my hand just
enough to make it bleed. When I
reached the river bank, which was
nearly perpendicular, a shot came
from the bottom, about twenty feet be -
Imo and a little to the left, which cans.
ed the wound I am supposed to have
got, and was so curious that I was
paraded before the General. It enter-
ed through the. lid of my right am-
munition pouch, which was open, went
into my right coat -pocket, smashing a
penknife and two pendia, tore four
holes In my shirt, made a surface
wound two or three inches long, on
my left breast, and came out near .my
left shoulder through my goat and non
munition -pouch braces. In the after-
noon I strolled over to the field hos-
pital and got a piece of dressing on,
and it has never troubled me at all;
in fact, it was a farce to put it in as
a wound, and was done without my
knowledge by the color -sergeant. So
you see I've really been, as I'm told
by everybody. wonderfully lucky in
getting off. as 1 have done, while oth-
er poor chaps were given no chances,"
hundred or more of one -pound shell its
the same time, the modern MORAry top'
is something to be eonsiderod, where
the band -grenade, the stink -hallo, and
thin wroitohks a ofomnithe s.
past might be dismiss-
ed
There is but little doubt that; the
French have set the .prate for the mod-
ern fighting top; and so luxuriantly
bavo their vessels developed these
growth,' in riots -ma profusion and var-
taties of forms that it was no wonder
we soon heard of eventing stability in
their ships. Tbeir most recent designs.
are decidedly moderated, but still beer
the halt -mark of great freedom. With
the lorenrh, the idea lies been to Dover
entirely the t:ositions of the guns, and
the mon in the tope to give the naviga-
tor a chance to guide his ship Ln ac-
tion from a point well above the smoke
of the guns, and, too, to bear aloft
the searehligbts. Wherever a closed -in
top its found on ships of other nations,
It is of
FRENCH INSPIRATION.
The British have almost exclusively
held to an open or uncovered top—the
only real protection to either guns or
mere being the shields carried on the
weapons themselves. The purpose of
Ibis is two -fold. It ie out of the, quem
tlou to place armor in sufficient quen-
t4t:y for protection up on the masts—
weight and the stability of the vessel
prohibiting; and where not possible to
have armor t.biok enough to keep cut
cessfel struggle with wave and tem- shell. even the t.hinoest plating will
pest; and, amid the rapid changes of cause them to explode then and there,
where unohstruei:erl, they might pans
by 2tarmleasly. The single *hell that
might hit and kill one in in the top
of a British ship without exploding,
would burst on hitting even the thin
plating of the French tops and kill
perhaps every man therein.
The national tendencies of the var-
ious navies are !narked by the military
meets their recent vessels bear; and,
whether they seek their inspiration
from Creat Britain oe France, it is
easy enough to tell. The Russians are
unsettled; Austriais equally divided;
Germany leans towards the French,
while the Japanese and the Italians
follow the English. .
to -day, It is hard to trsoe the eon-
neclion between those ancientcraft
with their rude equipments and the
modern battleships fierce and strong
by right or the powershehas plucked
from the bowels of the earth, and turn-
ed to her own purposes of might and
majestic dominance.
The carvings and drawings of the
war craft of the ancient Egyptians and
Asiatics, 2,000 years.before Christ, bear
the embryo of the military top perch-
ed at the masthead of the single spars
that bore their sails then. It was
merely a rough basket -like arrange-
ment in which one ur two men might
stand, and assail the warriors of the
foe where they crouched behind the
sheltering bulwarks of bucklers bung
against the sides. Perched high above
the >nen in the " gabie," as later it
was called, picked off, like sharp -shoot-
ers, the enemy before be could come
aboard or tempted him In to open ex-
posure, and the consequences such
rashness brought. Down upon the foe's
deck
CHINES CHARACTERISTICS.
Strange lams of Economy, Politeness and
Ernillnde.
The spirit of economy in the Chin-,
este race transcends all that can be
imagined. The old east -off account
book of the merchant is cut into pieces
and oiled to serve, instead of glass, in
windows 01 lanterns. A coolie who
has a six hours' march with a heavy
burden will return to his point of de-
parture without having broken his fast,
in order to save the two cents his
breakfast would have coat away from
home. Nothing is mere curious than
to see them eat, although, with their
famous chopsticks, they do not per-
form all the wonderful feats generally
suppesed, Everything is served them
in bowls, or saucers, and with the chop-
sticks they raise the piece of meat or
fish to the mouth, with sufficient.
grace. Boob one .has a howl of rice,
which he bonds near his lips. and with
the aid of the chopsticks he pushes the
contents into his mouth. it is curi-
ous to sen them pick up with their
chopsticks the grains of rice that fall
on the ground. The children are
taught this art from their earliest
years; nothing must be lost, not even
the smallest grain,
Europeans regard politeness as an
expression of those qualities of the
heart which render the person who dle-
eires to be polite agreeable to 'those
with whoan he is thrown, The Chinese
look upon the mattot' from an entirely
different standpoint. The same senti-
ment which accords importance to the
preservation of dignity regulates his
actions as regards politeness.
!I'o determine your conduct when a
Chinese offers you, e, present is the
roost difficult thing in the world. Cer-
tain things are not offered to be ace
monad, and others may not he refus-
ed peremptorily. In Is general »rnn-
THE HURTLING SPEAR
[vas sent, while the topmen rested far
above retaliation, neve from the ene-
my's topmen, if he -haat any. During
the time of the naval struggles between
the Greeks and the Romans, the fight-
ing top disappeared, for it was cus-
tomary then to lower the masts and
trust only to the great sweeps of oars
when going into action.
Strange ns it may seem, the mer-
chant vessels alone carried fighting
lops then, and for the purpose only
of meeting the attack of pirates, with
whom nearly every sea was then in-
fested. Talose tops were not unlike
casks, and with two or three men in
them, could be hoisted well up and into
position in time to be of service. Many
of our large merchant liner's, and all
winders carry a soruewhat similar ar-
rangement well up on theta masts to-
day, and, from the crow's nest, as it
is now called, most of the lookout duty
is now done. The Japanese have ad-
opted something of the kind, In their
modern naval vessels.
As the ships grant- in power their
masts had to be heightened by spic-
ing on additional spars, and to give
spread for the stays and ebrouds that
held t.bem in place a platform was built
at the top of the louver mast. There
tate archer and spearman found ample
room for his work; and the ehrouioles
of that lusty [triter, Sir John Frois-
sart, in the latter part of the 14th cen-
tury give us some very interesting ac-
counts of the damage inflicted upon
the French, the Spanish, and the Gen-
oese by the topmen of the British ships.
Down upon the fragile structures of
wood they hurled great stones, that
bore down the foe in
GREAT BLEEDING MASSES,
tore through their decks, opened their
seams, and sent thein to tbe bottom,
in a style that Sir John regards as
highly rommendahle, Then it was for
the archers the high 'Castles, lore end
aft, to peak off these topmen ; and, PS
it consequence, we see the tops later
hung with the shields or bucklers of
the soldiery to form a bulwark for the
topmen in the growing peril of their
duty.
In the sixteenth rentnry these tops
had multiplied as the masts went up-
wtird, and we find the Great Harry
carrying as many as three on each
plash, and each resplendent with
shields end fluttering pennons.
In the seventeenth reetnry, we. find
the tops broad and open save for the
after part where a wooden breastwork
was reared to shield the topmen. Why
only the after part should have been
singled out for the protection is open
for epeculation; but it is not improb-
able that the sails before the mast cov-
ered to a great extent the marksmen
m the top, and behind the masts only
dict they need supplemental protection.
.('hese wooden bulwn.rks in the loe'swers
varionely painted wording to the na-
tionality of the ship ; and for a couple
of hundred years that style of top pro -
veiled, and in form, *tare behind end
rounded in front, still is in vogue in
modern sail -pottered naval vessels.
Early in the history of ordnance, the
French (rut swivels in their Lops; but
despite the good execution done by
those guns, other na.tinne did not l.eke
kindly to ide idea or adopt it gen-
ernlly.
THE MODERN MASTS
on it fighting ship, is purely for mili-
tary purposes, 1,0„ on such ships that
aro without a spread of canvas of any
sere and its duty 110hv is ptinaipaily
for a snrvlee l.hla wee onna merely in-
nidental to those of the exiling ship.
'1'o beau signals is its first mission, and
then to carry an nrmument of repi.d-
fire guns, with which to meet Ilse at -
teak of torpedo bonts, to sweep, the
open ports, erld to entilade the ml -
protected gun Mallon:, of an enemy,
With galling guns rott'ring out is ver -
nen, nevertheless, one may nrrepi, ant- ]table rain of bullets el the vete of
deratandin,g perfectly Ont. the gift` 2000 et minute, and with other heavier
moat be returned a hundredfold, t automatic. guns capable of hurling a
•
THE QUEEN'S TRAIN. '
Not Rork n (:rand Affair as Those Used by
Some Other Crowned (feeds.
The Queen has modelled her long life
rather on virtue and usefulness than
on pomp and vanity, She cares compare -
Lively little for luxury. She is bomoly
in her surroundings; and the Queen's
train cannot compare in sumptuous-
ness to those used by some of the
crowned heads of Europe. She has not
vied even with the late Emperor of
the French, who travelled in a train
of imperial splendor, a train with nine
richly appointed carriages, which in-
cluded a cellar of choke wines and a
conservatory of rare flowers. Still, to
quote the old nursery rhyme, the roy-
al train fashioned by the North West-
ern " is good enough to set before the
Queen." The saloon formerly consisted
of two six -wheeled vehicles connected
by a flexible central gangway; but in
1806 the two bodies were placed on a
sixty -feet under -frame, with two six -
wheeled bogies, making one vehicle,
The day compartment, upholstered in
royal blue silk, with white silk roof,
is furnished in satinwood, inlaid with
tulipwood; and the night compartment.
upholstered in red patterned chintz,
with heavy green curtains, is furnish-
ed with a brass bedstead. The saloon
Is strongly braked, lighted by electric
lamps, and has electrical communica-
tion from the Queen's apartments to
the Indian and other attendants and
also to the guard of the train. The des-
cription riles not read very grandly ;
but the shrewdest thought, the high-
est mechanical skill, and the best work-
manship have been concentrated in the
building and equipment of the Queen's
train, and the arrangements safeguard-
ing it, are though the words merge
on paradox, careful and °only. The
ordinary traffic is suspended; so is all
shunting. Plate -layers watch the track,
and there is vigil at every crossing.
A pilot -engine is run fifteen minutes
in advance of the train throughout its
entire journey, its progress is tele-
graphed from pont to point, and a
sharp lookovt ]s kept by the officials
to deteot the slightest irregularity in
running. The average speed of the train
does not exceed thirty-six miles an
hour; and her Majesty has such a sense
of security on the line, that some
years ago, when railway accidents were
more frequent, she wrote to the direc-
tors of the railway companies express-
ing the hope that the seme security
in travelling might be assured for all
her people as was so judiciously pro-
vided for herself.
BLACK SPOTS ON ROSES.
A writer says one of the worst dis-
eases which afflicts roses Is the black
spot, a fungous disease whiolt appears
on the foliage in small black spots,
which increases rapidly in sire and
number, and soon cause the leaf to
drop. It is infectious and rapidly
spreads to other leaves and plants, and
soon defoliates the plants and ruins the
flowers. 1t is a good practice to gath-
er all the disease.l leaves, and lawn
them, thereby destroying the spores
and checking the further a spread of the
fungus. But the only sure wary of pre-
venting the disease is to nmmence ear-
ly in the spring, as mon as the leaves
appear; to spray the plants thorough-
ly once each week throughout the eea-
eon with the Bordeaux mixture. This
is almost a complete remedy for this
disease, as well as tor the mildew, and
Muth better than sulphur, for the 1e,t-
ter. The flowers should all be out
when they begin to fnele; if left oil thiP
plant thoy.vat only look unsightly but
cheek the production of flowers.
0i.
EGGS IN Il'R,ANCP...,
More eggs are produced in France
than in any country in the world, the
number being about 40.000,000 annu-
ally.
THE
GENE1101,IF ANCESTOR,
Dickie, how did you happen to mai:•
the whole pie?
Mamma, I played you wuz grandma,
an told me to tike all I wentnd.