The Brussels Post, 1906-2-22, Page 2NOl'ES ANO COMMENTS
Tiler° haa been much be the press
about an alleged quarrel between the
mar end 0110 of the grand dukes, which
Is saikt to have ended in an insWail-leant
wound' te the ;nighty autocret's arm.
The details of the encounter are not ob.
teinable; we are not even quite certain
whether the Conflict itself le a reality or
a bit ofpi:Attica' fiction. But we can
knew one thing, and be sure of It. If
the life Of Nicholas 11. Is in danger 11 5
,not so much from the revolutionists as
from
be weathers of the reactionary
Parte, which Is still a poLver In Russia.
Porthe leaders of the revolution the pre-
sent czar Is an ideal monareh, \Vedic.
vacillating, incapable or any vigorous
action, thls Louts XVI. of Rt i8 ids
the people ace and get all the reedit tor
what Is being done in the line of redeems,
while he keeps for himself ull the die.
grace for what his official arid. unofficial
family Is doing to rob the peopl8 el
their rights. To attempt to take the life
at such an "autocrat" would be the hiel
thing for a sane revobefontet to do,
The obaracteriellos of the czar referred
lo, however, are just what nee needed la
[(take him an objeet of intense dieuffee-
lion on the part of all the fosstle, whose
elm is now to stem the tide of liberty in
their country. They understand that
thei' only chance now lies in a rest
wae, which means military dictatorship
all over Russia. The sooner this Is
twonght about the greater will be their
chance of uttimaie victory. There are
Unripe in Reesia which could be used
to -day tor a bloody struggle with the
ehamplone ot liberty. But who knows
where the same troops will be to -mor -
mw? There ie danger in delay for the
defenders of the old, rotten regime in
Russia. Nicholas is the only man who
has the authority to start civil war. If
he continues to hesitate the only thing
fer the reactionaries to do will be to re-
move him forcibly and to let the Grand
Duke Vladimir act in the capacity of
regent In the name of the Infant emper-
or, Alexis U.
11 18 a matter of history that many a
sovereign in Russia came to an untimely
end at the hands ot a palace clique.
Peter fIL was murdered at the order of
his wife, Catherine, by the defenders of
the old regime, who deeply resented his
Prussian tastes. Paul I. was strangled
by a gang of courtiers with the silent
consent of Ms son and heir, afterwards
Czar Alexander L Tim charge made
against Paul was insanity, but we know
that for the most part his "insanity"
consisted in the fact that it began to
dawn on the poor man that not every-
thing in hts domain was in good shape.
11 18 true that Alexander II. was killed
by the Nihilists. But there are circum-
stances that cast a peculiar shadow upon
thie affair. The nihilists -the revolution-
ists of a generation ago -were constant-
ly hunting the czar, but all their efforts
failed. Of the eight, attempts On Alex-
ander's life not one was successful in
inflicting the slightest Injury. But early
In 1881 there came into power with the
czar Count Loris-Melikow, a. num of
broad mind, Herat ideas and exceptionel
ability. He succeeded in persuading the
monarch that something had to be done
to put ,Russia on a more modern foot -
trig in political life. He prepared a draft
of a reform, which is known in history
under the name of "Lorts-Mellicow's con-
stitution." It was not unlike the first
sketch of the present douma, only on a
much smaller scale. Alexander signed
this ukase on March 18, 1881,
That same day, when driving home
front a review of troops, a bomb was
thrown at Ills carrtage, and as he
etnerged from the wreelc uninjured
another bemb tom him to pieces. The
affair was a mystery to the world. The
general publie did not understand how
it could happen, as the bomb throwers
were overlooked on that very day by the
Ohm -Roes and omnIctent pol11tcal police,
who were always so eminently success-
ful in keeping them away from the czar
during the twenty-five years of his
reiga. The opinion of many prominent
men in Russia se that tttne was that
somebody whose business it was to look
after the safety of the czar wtts ordered
or indued to shut his eyes Just at the
time the emperor took his first step to-
ward a new course. The reactionaries,
it is believed, exeouted the ezer with the
hands of the nihilists, wee at the sta
preme moment were entirely ignorant of
what was going on In the privaey of the
czar's eabinet.
A.lexander III., the very incarnation of
autocracy, was during Ins short reign a
0051801 object of attempte by Russiatt
revolutiontst9, Hoerever, none ot the
efforts to end lits fife succeeded, became,
as we fltetily believe, not mice In his life
did he venter° from the path of the es.
tablisited order. Had he done se, who
know* if he would have been allowed to
die a natural death.
efieholas II., although officially re.
aponsibte Inc all misfortunes and humil-
iations that 'have lately befallen his vast
empire, was reasonably safe in hie
palaeo as. long es he did not dream of
Making any concessions to the people.
But from the mOnient that he took one
Step he that direction has Me has been
in confintrotte danger --not from the
"retie," but from the "whites." Nicholas
IL 'betrayed" old Russia end was net
born to be the leader Of rttne
That Is w'hy WO are reeding about nlYa-
fOrioue leterrele bettteettl the etar end hia
uraeleel end eolleicle,
-o-4.0-4-0+0-4-04-04-0+0+0+041
WAS FE
404.0-0-a4o-e-o-ee-04-o-e-o-e-o4ea-4-0.
"Well, and how are you teethe',
sonny?'
"Thirsty, dad," said the little figure in
bed, without a particle of expression 'a
his weary voice,
"Try to. get a nap, sonny," said his
father. "I Weill let you drink now,
The doctue said you mustn't drink too
often."
The man who was leaning 1010' the
bee laid his hand gently on the sick
child's forehead, The ehild did not move
or reply, but turned his worn and
shrunken little face towards his father,
his grew blue eyes protruding in a way
lied made one feel that sleep never visi-
ted them,
Williams sat down and gazed on the
upathetic Mee.
"Yes; It's bad -bad!" he murmured.
"Ws pies the same vi•ay as Ms poor
mother dirr-the very seine way."
To be sure the doctor had not given
un lame, wheel was kind of him, as he
never expected to be paid for his ser -
1181,'. Not that there was a more hon-
est man in the town than Williams.
But the mill had been closed DOW for
two mottles on account of hard times,
and there was no present prospect of Us
being reopened. Most of Williams' sae --
tinge had gone to meet the expenses
caused by les wife's illness. She, too,
had had typhoid -fever; see had died two
weeks before, and bad been buried with
little ostentation. The widower was an
undemonstrative, cernest sort of a man.
and, moreover, had the serious condi-
tion of his only child to think about,
lie was obliged, perhaps, to negleet the
dead for the living.
For the last week he and the child had
been subsisting on credit. which, Wil-
liams could not help feeling, was only
another name for charity. The ohild had
been fatting under the regime of econ-
omy which Williams tried to inteoduce.
A.nd now the doctor said it could pull
through only 11 11 had good nursing and
proper nourishing things to eat.
The proper things to eat 1 He inquired
what they were, and his heart sank as
the delicacies were named over. Once
more Tie went through that unproduc-
tive, harsh reasoning to which he had
haedened himself. All the money came
from the mill; now that the mill was
closed, people must soon begin to buy
altogether on credit, but the shopkeep-
ers could not go on indefinitely selling
on credit. The end was near,
With this ruthless fact confronting
him, he had gene out day after day he
scarce of work, while, he the meantime,
O neighbor -Mrs. Lennan-watched over
the child. Each day his search had been
equally vain; he knew beforehand, that
it would be. Men were standing idle at
the openers, and growing riotous through
lack of food and work. Yet on this atter-
noon, when Mrs. Lennan came up te
sit with the child, he went out as usual.
He made his ordinary unsuccessful
round. As Im was passing a group rf
Idlers, who were standing in front of a
grocer's shop, one of the moi, who had
a. newspaper, caned out to him.
"I'd like to gel Into somethhe like this,
wouldn't you, Williams?" said the man.
Williams took the newspaper, and
read, In a half-hearted way, how some-
body, somewhere, with a little trouble,.
though without risk, had saved a train
from being wrecked, and had received
on the spot a purse of fifty pounds.
Williams read the paragraph, and the
features 01 1118 face hardened as he hand-
ed back the paper to its owner.
"I never had any luck of that sort,"
he said. "The only way I ever could get
anything was by hard work, and now"
-he shrugged his broad shoulders, as
he turned to go -"I can't even find
work."
His remarks were greeted with a
chorus of laughter. "Weil," replied one
of the group, "you aren't the only one
who can't get work, are you? We're an
111 the same box, but ites no good whin.
Ing about le"
Williams could not 1811 111 with the
idle chatter of the men. His whole mind
was constantly on his child. When he
reached the foot of the stair -case that
led up to the sick -room he smote his
tingle, as though suddenly impressed
with a Militant idea, and exclaimed :
"I won't give up 1 I'm going to pray
about 11.1"
He wailed till those weary eyes had
for a few minutes forgotten themselves
and fallen asleep, then he dropped on
his knees and sald, in a businesslike
voice:
"God, what am I to do? You know,
God, that if there was any work I'd be
willing and glad lo do it, But, I've been
through the whole town day in and day
out for a week, and there ain't any work;
there won't be any till the mill starte.
People aren't able to give a body week;
they're all In the same fix as me, only
maybe not so bad. And you know,
God, I can't leave the child to go and
hunt a job in some other town, lf
you've made up your mind, God, that
it's right and necessary the child should
die -why, I know we've all got to die,
and, lonely as itt be, try to comfort
myself. Only don't you think, God, you
ought to give him a fair show? IL don't
seem fair to me to starve him to death,
God" -and here he sobbed as though
his heart would break-"whab am I to
do?"
11,
"You're not hurt, aro yoe?" asked the
guard excitedly.
Ile was kneeling beside a man Who
lay prostrate In the Colt below the rail-
way lines. A group of paesengers had
collected round him; others were des-
cending from the train, and others were
running up. The man lying In the ditch
moved.
"No," he said fatally; "I don't think
so. The log fell ori DIN but there ain't
no bones broken,"
The eondeeter and two elhere half
lifted hint to his feet, Ile leaned against
the embartIctrient for a moment, then he
auddenly started up.
"Old you catch them?" he cried
anxiously.
"Who?" eaked the guard.
"The rebbeee-weet kers] They were
dewn 111 thorn bitelute."
He pointed. The guard mead a 'dean
ter this lotteheii, eVeltIgilig his lantern
violently, but soOlt returned, bringing
only his lantern.
"How do you know they were there?'
asked somebody.
"They fired at me," answered W11-
11ams--tor 11 was 110, "When I began
trying to pull that log off the track,
bang, bang, went a couple of shots
from the Mistier). 11 made me jump and
hesitate, Then I heard the train a-ruell-
tug behind that curve, and thintre I,
'My God, I can't stand here and see
this!' so I ups with lho log again, and
nein off went them guns. 1 ahnost felt
the bullets,"
"You weren't mistaken," seta one of
the passormers, taking off Wiliam' hat.
"Two bullet -holes." Ho held up the bat
and pointed to the crown.
"Well, I gave one more 113131VO, and I
never fill that moment knew tee strength
that was in me. I got the and of the log
up on my shoulder that lime, and \yet
all my might I took one step and threw
that log from me. And then I jumped
to follow it, but I caught my foot, and
went tumbling and rolling down the
bank."
The people could see that Williams'
voice was striving hard to be modest.
They mentioned a 1,0 each other when
they got on the train. The tnen strug-
glett reinul him to shako hands. The
engine -driver lifted up his voice.
"I saw hen fall, Cauget his foo1 in
the rail and wont head-overeheels. Ile
got that log out of the way just in the
nick of time."
The upshot of it all was that a sub-
scription -list WES started on the spot,
and before the engine -driver had put
his hand on the throttle -valve again
Williams had disappetived into the dark-
ness. enriched to the extent of nearly
twenty pounds.
It was the first day of the Aesizes and
the big court was crowded in every
pare Towards the end of the afternoon
the court Weer opened, and a man M an
old slouch hat, ragged brown overcoat,
and muddy boots, entered, leading a
Me boy by tho hand. The lad was pale,
and, like his father, wore an uneasy
look as he removed his hat.
Suddenly papers begall to rustle and
crackle round the judge's chair, and
people began to move out as "Court
adjourned!" was called out In stentorian
tones.
The stranger sprang to 1iis feet and
begged a hearing from the judge.
"I don't know," he cried, "whether
you heard about a man saving a train
from being, wrecked near here sonto
three months ago. 11 was in all the
papers, and there were a good many
poems abottt it. It was how a fellow
named Williams saved. a train at the
risk of his life, and got rewarded. Now,
what I came here to say is" -he paused
a moment, took up the frail little boy
in his arms, and clasped him tightly to
his chest -"what I came her to say is
that I'm the man Williams, that I pot
that log on the track, that I tired them
bullet -holes in my hat, that I took that
log off, and told them lies -all for the
sake of getting a reward!"
There was a dead silence, Then the
child, understanding only that its father
had done something wrong, and fright-
ened lest something might happen to
him, burst into tears.
"There, there, sonny; don't cryl"
whispered the tattler. Then he raised his
voice again:
"That's the story!" said Williams,
looking up bravely. Somehow the weight
of his boy in his arms seemed to give
him strength. "If you don't mind lis-
tening, judge, I'll tell you how IL hap-
pened. At that time my little boy wee
ill with typhoid -you can see how deli-
cate the little fellow is now. His mo -
thee had died of typhoid just before, and
I seemed to see him, my only little child,
going the same way. I was out of work,
and the tnoney was all gone, and the
doctor said that all that'd pull him
through would be the daintiest kind of
food and the carefuliest nursing. But,
try as I would, judge, I couldn't get
veork.
"And when I was desperate I read
how somebody had got a big reward by
saving a train. I didn't think of it at the
Lime, but 1 went home that day, just
ready -to give In, and I asked God to put
it in my mind what I was to do. And
as I stood there that story came back into
my mind. I didn't stop to think whe-
ther it was right or wrong. I hist sat
down to plan and reason it all out, just
as 11 11 was the proper thing I could do,
"Perhaps it, was a shabby thirm to do,
sir; but I don't care now. The boy's bet-
ter. Only whatever you do to me, Moir
after the boy, my lord. I Can't stand
the fraud no longer. I wrote to the rail-
way company, telling them I was going
to confess, and that if they wanted to
proseeitte to come here to -day."
Williams, still holding the boy in his
arms, looked straight at the judge. A
murmur rose in the audtence-a 31101'-
1003' of applause. It swelled into cheer-
ing, clapping, and stamping, and it was
long before the judge could quell it.
"I think it was through lack of oppoie
tunity that you weren't really a hero,'
said the judge.
"The case is not before me, so you are
at liberty to go. I hope, though, no more
will be heard of the matter, Williams.
You are, at any rate, a good father."
And, lodging by the reception given
to father and son outside the court, this
was the opinion of the majority.
4
JUMBLE OF LANGUAGES.
There are towns in Hungary, and
small towns, too, where from seem to
ten Idioms are constantly being used.
On the Galician frontier there is in a
lovely valley the old town of Eperjee,
Th0 number of its Inhabitants does not
exceed 12,000. 'Po this day the good
people of Eperjes are in the habit et
talking or beleg talked to in six differ-
ent languages and several dialects. An
ordinary household will include a
Slovak man -servant, a Hungarian
coachman, a German cook, and a Polish
chambermaid. What 18 still more re.
markable, each grade of 'soelety will
tenaciously cling to its own languttge
for centlerieg.
CITY THAT OWNS EVElieertIING.
The municipality of Freiburg caretee
on a pawnshop, Mt ineuvenee business,
a theatre, iseverttl restaurants, and n
Mievapaper, as well es the rtellools,
seat can be preatired at the opera in
this Cermet) City fer 8. cents, and supper
afterwards for 6 ottde, The authorttles
alto Dent it cemetery, In vvideli the etil.
Men ein be interred Cheaply,
LORD KITCHENER'S PLAN
1•••••••••
DECLARES ARMY IN INDIA MUST BE
RE -ORGANIZED.
—
Glimpses of the Great Soldier as Ile is
in Headquarters in
Calcutta,
A visitor to India gives ids impressiuns
of Lord litIchener as a result of a
era trip to the headquarters et Fort Wil-
liam here, 1111131 A C000081)Ondent 111
(11011110, The visitoe drives theough the
old fortifications, With its (1111WhOlage,
114 ShallOW Cell, Its brick embrasures
-nearly es low as Plessey--whiell a
modern gun Would reduce to powder 131
Miff an leen'.
Prose faced English sentries in khaki
ate: at one or two points; an Mihail W-
eer -trim bearded a red turban above
1118 deek, Jewish features, els steet hire
ped lance looped to his arm, a peered
linage of an Indian light cavalry 1111111,
EIS aimed, and, drIlled, and dressed on
the British system -rides swiftly past.
The khaki dressed privates represent, the
practical and oonquering west; the lan-
cer with his vivid Lints and dark features
eroemeelassetnts the picturesque, the conquer -
Lord Kilehener meets leis visitor with
outstretched hand and frank 510110. Ile
k in civilian dress, and sits at his desk,
cigar in mouth, plainly ready for my
easy talic. He has the reputation of be-
ing saturnine, unapproachable, gloomily
inarticulate. The average globe trotter,
it is whispered, emerges from an inter-
view with Lord Kitchener in a sorely
damaged condition, while the Idle "In -
tem -lower" is simply gored and trampled
111)011. But either rumor lies atrocious-
ly, or else Lord Eitchenee this particu-
lar morning Is in a specially gracious
mood. He plunges at once into the
frankest of talks. His speech runs fast,
and the hurrying syllables are broken
with frequent smiles.
NOT A FIGHTING FACE.
The visitor as he listens, watches with
keen interest the face of the great sol-
dier. The Indian sun has reddened the
strong features. Every one knows that
!wavy face, with Its large moustache,
and mass of black hair above the square
forehead; but taken as a whole, and
when in conversation, the face has by
no means a masterful look. It is not
even a fighting face. One has to re-
member that these are the eyes which
watched with 5101 iron steadiness the
rush of the dervish lines at Omdurman.
Behind lids square forehead is the brain
that ereated the Egyptian army, sub-
dued the Soudan, and organized victory
tor Lord Roberts in South Africa!
But Lord Kitchener, to his Interlocut-
er's astonishment, has plunged almost
with the nest sentence into a discussion
of his much disputed plans for the re-
construction of the Indian army. The
Indian commander-in-chief plainly feels
that in spite of -perhaps as the result
of -the ocean of controversal ink which
has been expended on this subject, his
plans ore not in the least .understood.
But even the uninstructed layman prce
sently begins to see into the heart of
these plans. For they are not clouded
in. technicalities. They involve no re-
condite mysteries of strategy. They
are mailers of the plainest, common
sense; and Lord Kitchener -with his frank
terse, and business -like speech makes
them perfeelly luminous. He found the
distribution of the army In India, he
says, exactly as it has been ever since
the mutiny; an accidental and planless
thing having no relation to any think-
able ernergenoy. Regiments wore scat-
tered here and there on no principle
whatever. The size of a barrack or
some paltry question of climate might
determine the locality of a regiment.
Ammunition columns had been ordered
before Lord Kitchener's arrival. Manley
were scattered haphazard without any
reference to the service they were sup-
posed to render,
WORST OF MILITARY FAULTS
Then, too, says Lord Kitchener, there
W0$ the worst of military faults, a di-
vision of authority. "I gave one set of
instructions to a general upon a certain
subject, and -the militery member of the
council gave another sot of instructions
to the same general on the same sub-
ject. What was that unhappy oMcer 10
do -except, perhaps, to do nothing)
Then," adds Lord Kitchener, "I am re-
sponsible for the efficiency of the army
In India, but I had no opportunity of
explaining my own plans to the supreme
authority, the Indian government. They
had to be filtered through the lips of
another military officer.
"There is no question as to the right
of the .government of India to decide fin-
ally all questions of policy. The civil
power, af course, Is supreme. Ali
contend for is that It must, be adequately
informed as to the plans which! 1, as
the responsible expert it employs, think
neceesary for the °Moloney of the
army. Them leas been much talk et a
design on my part to sot up 4 'militery
autocracy.' Nothing could be more
untrue. The civil goverentent, in the
lest, resort is, end must be supreme.
But I must work under conditions which
enable me to discharge the trust put in
my hands by the civil government, and
ono of these conditions is that t must
be allowed to put adequately and per -
:tonally my own plans before the gov-
ernment to which I. em responsible.
DEMANDS THREE PRINCIPLES.
"There are only three principles for
which I contend, and they belong 10 1110
alphabet of common sense. The first
Is unity of authority; a divided command
In military affairs is fatal. Next, the
army in India must boo15s
rganona
izled rooltargand
intelligent plan, and w1
to its Instant and effective -use as an
instrument of war. It is totally unfree
that 1 have any designnfr,n
or acor soon tsraoptianig.
the 00383'00383'on the frotic
tieing the native regiments from their
rectutting grounds and their home Lies.
The tomes on my plan are distributed
throughout India pretty much as before;
only now there is method and intelligiele'
order lit their grouping. India ts divided,
into rine territoeles, with a divisional/
general in command of each territory,
The force undee Ms command Is a coin.
plete anti balanced unit, and the rerrange.,
100111 18 mit that if war beolo out moll!
division Wattld be toady tor instant,
movement, and Would Mid itself wItit•
regard to railtvey communinallon In a:
po,kritylenth181v(liileplrl irilY4itplee,,,trigrilitt,tetpledY .1( itelt. I
enee, "le that *Whig tt clefirdie ttod eo111.
prehensile) plan I should have the right
of stating it myaelf to the government
t/i whichf am responsible,"
.14 is ease, as Lord Kitchener talks re.
pealing and empliasizing each polite, to
sec into what may be celled the 11181310
Of Ms brain. Ile is essentially an or.
Confusion, disorder, want of
Intel 11111110 plan, to him are Intolerable,
111 must have the forces under his emu -
mond arranged one equipped se as lo
he instantly available, and nveilable 011
31 dellnito teen and for A definite Weed,.
As to Ws desire lo estatelse a military
aulocree.y, or In set the military ebove
the civil power, this, sine; T.,ord 1.111011.
31001. with energy, is "ulltir nonsense."
He known ion well the principles on
which the 111111811 government moves
to dream of any siieh thing. tie only
/Woe 110 protests, for the opportunity rif
doing efflelontly Um week put, by the
civil pewee into his hands, ane of ex-
' penning without an intermediary what
these plans are,
C.OUNTS OUT nussm,
Incidentally Lord leitchener gives
many quick, interesting judgmeels on
more or less related topics. He Menke
that Resell -1 is to be remitted out for
the present as 31 111011110o to England, 1011
1101, as his inlerlocittot, suggests, for a
generation, lad only for len years. A
nation In revoltition, as history leaches,
usually ends by throwing up a greet
soldier who is the founder of a new
dynasty, and who, palely hy bias of
natural genius, end partly for the sake
of strengthening his rule and cliverling
intention from domestic troubles, plume
ee into foreign war. If the Russian rie
volution follows this course the worlds
peace will assuredly be in peril. Nitwit
water, of coerse, mu.st rue under the
bridge before fills happens, but Lord
Kitchener thinks that the period during
which Russet must remain occupied
with Its own domestic troubles will Lid
be longer thee ten years.
A BRITISH ELECTION
5011E PACTS AND FIGURES AS To
THE COSI;
Jsi OM Old Days Seats in Parlfamene
were Won by the Man With the
Longest Purse.
Every 0110 is probably aware that any
election, whether it be town council,
parish commit, or school board, runs up
expenses, says the People's ;Journal.
There ere returning officers, there are
clerks, there are enumerators, and Ittiere
ace others who give of their thee and
labor at certain specified figures. Then
there is the polling booth official, "litera-
ture," tile pencils and cabs, and the
many odds and ends. Evevything means
money, more or less; the total is charged
against ,the town or district as detain
expenses, and the ratepayers stump up
accordingly.
With a general election the sysfom
practically the same, but on an infinitely
greater scale, and the nation has to pay.
It is computed that about a 1111111011
pounds comes from the countetee
financial stockpot on the occasion of
every general election. Welt, after all,
a million pounds is not a crushing
ailment for a country like ours. Wily,
a, day or so 01 11)8 South African war ran
W' that sum, end 11 lasted much longer
than the 1006 general eleoLlon will do.
Taking our figures from Minter elec-
tions, we may safely say that the
charges ntade by returning atom° for
this election will reach ebout 41110,000;
and then there are the piles of station-
ery, official matter -not the politievl
"literature,' which is suppled and_paid
Lot' by the various candidates or by ,the
parties to which they belong.
Yet the Wildal expenses borne by the
nation are, atter all, a mere flea-bIte
compared to the money that flows from
the coffers of the parties and front the
pockets of the candidates. Nowadays,
of course", there is no bribing, no pro-
miscuous turning on of the liquor taps,
no hired coaches flying round to pick
the elector up, no anything that is no(
above board. Even every placard or
every leaflet that is issued must bear the
name of the firm who gave it birth, as
a guarantee to the law that the bill, tf
necessary, ean be Checked.
IN THE 01.,D DAYS.
It was not always thus. Before the
Corrupt Practice Act, 1883, came into
force, seats in Parliament were won and
lost according to the depths of their
candidates' purses, and their willingness
to dive into them. Tito elector is cod-
dled yet, but he was bribed then. For
instance, let us glance back to what aye
oftee called the good old days, and give
an illustration or two of how the money
then went.
In 1807, in a contest for Yorkshire,
Lord Milton, William Wilbeeforce, and
the Honorable H. Gametes were the can-
didittes for two seats, The poll Meted
Mom daye, and was taeat thirteen
dIfferentbooths, and when it was over
Lord Milton was a member, and to be-
come such he had spent over 4250,000.
Wilberforce, 01110 was the sitting mem-
ber, was returned, and his expenses,
combined with Laseelles, who was de-
feated, came to about the same as Lord
Milton. In all, this contest cost the three
candidates halt a million pounds. This
deafen Was the meet expensive known,
and it was styled the "Austerlitz et
81ecnirherin
e"ingsta"
Ance of extraitedinary ex-
penditure was that what COMO 10 DO
known OS the "Spendthrift Eleetion," In
it the Earls of Halifax, Northampton,
and Spencer -one might almoee call them
"the dauntless three' --freight for the seat
of Northampton. For fourteen days the
poll went on, end money 10(101 113180 been
greatly In evidence, for Lord Speneera
little item of expenditure totalled up to
If00,000, and his two opponeas not
only equalled, but added each $80,000 to
that score. One would be almost In-
clined to think That votes In these
days must have been 1)1(1 3(3 to auction,
and undoebtedly thee° must hatre been
lively timts during the fourteen days
that those £400,060 were being 'Seated
about in Northantpton.
Breaking away front the expense side
for a moment, it may be of intereat te
nolo thet after a sertifiny lasting alit
weelcs the votes of the three candid/We
in the foregoing eleolion were found Ca
be meal, and the electlen .Was matte, ft
game at chance. The Candidates WWII
for the seat, Lord Spencer wan, and he
nominated a gentlemen Dill 111 India,
I,00se methods must have prevalleil in
those days..
Spending money in this wild and reek -
JOSS 11111111181' IS f001,11.natoly not (10111(111)1
now. The law leis stepped in, mul (he
'ail'oPe.°11nrlsgesto0 ttltef
t 01101)1i111110'iinlbett
31.38' 01 vr'goiteueT 50'11
11
constituency which they aro 010011130 •
WIIAT A CANDIDATE MAY SPielete
Towns 111 respeet differ from
ountry dist Hies, for in the one the
01130101,8 1130 gonipeet anil elm
be got et 31111011 more enstly 1111111 when
stenteriel over miles anti Wiles of come
try. ileeognizeig this, the :entitle only
11111,010 bIi 011111%11110 101' 1110 1'4 0011511-
11101/1'y 10 .910011, if the &reties, do riot
exceed enne, the emu if 440, end for
fi 00111111y 113331riel, who3'0 1.Ho1idale
1118 lo COVor inully rusIgng from
81111114' 111 village, the sum is
P011111(10d. As the eleutors increas,
numbers, so is the candbialo allowod 31
freer hand. Alone Ihe 1.1100, lad no(
over 3.000, the sum not le ha 0,0,011011
el, In iowns, .1:380, enit 113 country ilk-
telets 4700; inel in the 01110 of thew be-
ing helext elechine or 0801' :1 sum of .1230
Is 1110w -el fer eveav add I ion al lane in
tiewns. and .210 (01' the sable in the
(011ite
111trYls dllusl(11.11:ui-ls•M
1-ering expondliure Icepi
wiLhIn 111,047 bounds? Of 0331300, DO
11101i, 11111341 lie shoWn and 110 1110(7' 1111181
be !mown of during the p.wiod between
tha date 1511011 1110 011111_11(101.M ore duly
nominalud for lho souls nolil elees
iion 1,3 31 1101114 01 1110 ra$1. There is,
however, it stage, before the nomination
of a candidate, What. litay 130 celled the
prospective stage, and 11 can be worked
upon to a great, extent.
A man WI to is desitems ef entering par-
liament, and WhO wNinliy. say. a
laird, who wishes io 13010ome 111,. meeneee
fra. his own (Helped, why, lie i'art en-
graft. himself inio the affeemms of Me
Poulde by hi; opm-handednuss fur yours
1)0fol.ohand. 1I0 run lake an inlereet in
hie farmer:, 11110011 off a few percents, et
rent now and again, glee them 01111111M
Mr the lane, bear the pepenee of dig.
ging dieting, lo horses, give
a village here end there a publie hail,
put a now 101801' to a &Lurch, (Mond fill
the local functions, and when he 110381308
hiS Speeell arid a Itheral contribution:
pathenize and open 1311.7.1101.0, give a few
onus ond money prizes for the ploughing
matebes; in. fact, pat all imet winery -en
the back, and keel:elm Um pulley of give,
give, give, and be a Tory or Liberal
when the potter:al fight for whet Ito hos
been preparing for years dors begin, 110
is a wan of groat local influonce, and
such covers a mullituda of sins.
Tha1 man bas been bribing a conele
Lumley in reality, but it do0s not count
as such -11 is only when the battle he-
figlet to be the M.P. of the loam to which
ho has 130011 80 liberal in the past, and
110, too, has 11111(11 local influence, and all
peel erne Therefore, although the taw
steps in at the actual contest, a consti-
theney may be carefully tended and
nursed at a considerable expense for
'0.111111 previously.
FAXING PRINTER,
elude of the candidate's expenditure
when the cruelest leanly begins goes for
political literature. \\ thole it tee fight
would ha tame -and so the printer aml
0dver08ta' 001110 ill for a goodly share,
and if ono glances (wee Um items of ex-
penses of candidates al former recent
elections 11 would appear 31$ 11111080 01110
incurrad the heaviest printing, adver-
tising and stationery bills stood the best
chance of winning if other things were
about equal.
For instance, eir. Herbert, Gledetene
fought Colonel North in Leeds. and paid
for therature, etc., Jeer, while Um Colo-
nel's account only reached 4850. Mr.
Glacisle»e 01011. Sir W. Harcourt and
Sir Thomas Roe at Derby spent 4350 on
the same items, and Moir opponeals,
Nicest's. Drake and Bonirose, bed ittem
by 4200, and the tatter two gained the
victory.. East Manaliester, Mr. Bal-
four totallect up foe printing, etc., 4333,
and hie opponent 4270. Mr. Balfour
stepped into the seat.
In 501110 of the strongholds of either
party, however, all the literature in the
kingdom would net stray the voter, yet
in political werfare lhe white feather
011301, he shown. tWell though one
of the fighters and his party enow 1131)
well that defeat is melee.
Let us now glance at the figures col.
lectively ot the past three general elec-
tions, and 800 W1151. 1110 (Wel bills were.
In 1892, for the 970 seals, 1,307 candi-
date.s carne (onward to the battle, and
their average expenses exceeded 4700
eatatirl.1895, to vary the statistics, we will
wane the votee. Four million, three hun-
dred and forly-eight thousand, five hun-
dred and twenty.seven electors visited
the polls, and for each one of those vote):
the countey ttnd the candidates corn -
Wiled to pay 85. 8eed,
In 1900, the last general election, the
number of votes recorded was 3,519,345,
and on this occasion the price of each
s08a little Meta', corning to 'us. 4d.
ea.13
A general election, as can be learned
from the foregoing, is not a matter to
be considered lightly, The nountry 11315
les share to pay, the candidates who have
elle means pay theirs, and those who
has' not the means aro taken in hand
by the parties who aro eunning them.
For this purpose funds are organized,
and, however it is, even in these days
of stagnation of work and scarcity of
money, there is no lack of funds when).
with to fight a pontical battle,
SANITARY CELLARS.
Unslalred limo is tho best suited for
ittnoving mold in cellars, tt Is blotvn.
in the shape of a flito powder, on the
whits of the collar and into the joints
awe crevices by means 61 the bellows,
On 0156 'thrown on with the hand. The
wails most be dainty dey walls have
16 be Moistened previously. The little
slakes with the 'adhering waters and
kills all orgattisitig. On the day follow-
ing the wails are washecl off, and, as ex-
perience has proved, the cellar will re.
main free from old for at least tWo
years.
GARDENS OF TREE TOPS.
Brazilian ants make little gardens M
the thee tops and stow them with pine-
apple and °thee eeds. The gaeclens are
feund of all siees, front a single eprettl.
Mg seed eurtoUndod by a little oath to
deese y eicerferowd bail es lame 05 a
1114tetre btadi
-HEALTH.
1-1E,eLING PL)WEll OF SUNLIGHT
The re have been sun-woraltippers
threugli all the ages, and the suu has
01111111fl1/e/
s 111111:01 11ligTe.1,(2goifil4101113111
8/ 1111 11L1
5d 8°UpPp°1Q.
num un ilie earth. Yet it Is only rec-
ently dud ecienve line found the mete.
thet or hoe woem-feenog, and has
learned how and why the 1114111 of the
ean 1,0 tile -giving and lifesaving. It
is wily within Me lust quarter of n cen-
tury teat the medical prufesslun has Ws.
covered 1111,1 the cause of the great
plagues of te/micitel-eonsumptlim, ty.
phold fever, 011,01111011111, cholera, small-
pox, yellow fever. and till the Infectious
and coulugio11.4 flisousos---133 ii110 to tile
1,reso1oo will1111 1110 11111111111 body of mi-
cro-organisms. Timer! meamisms' consti-
tute the 10Weht 1,111110 of al1111111 1 or 80140-
la1.lo life -single cells, larisiblo to the
nuked eye, whet ant reproducee with
frightful rapidity wheel sown on a fay-
erable soil,
ley itself file tau wiedge of ties fact
would eatiat despair if there were no-
thing to arrest the increase of the germs.
the fortunately 11 WAS f0111111 at the same
lima that theri are forces in num and
In nature warring against the minute
enemies, and that one of the most pow-
ered of such protectors 15 the light of
the sum
(1 ie not known that sunlight Is one
of tho moot potent of all destroyers of
diecase-gernts. It kills 1110111 MOM cer-
tainly than do the stroimest disinfect -
tang. The bacierla that eause pneu-
monia, fin' example, am destroyed with -
111 lees than an hour when exposed to
the direct rays of the sun, and live but
little longer in 1.11O diffused light whieh
fills a room on a height day.
This knowledge hes heen turned to
erne.tlent account in the treatment of
1011113' diseases, eepecielly of the skin
and superficial park of the body. In
lupus, foe example, whet 15 a farm e,f
tubercalosis of the 511311, 5 positive cure
may rowel from eepoeure 0( 1110 dhseased
part to the direct rye's of the sun.
The healing of wetinds is promoted, t
be- light; end boils, erysipelas and vale- e
olie inflammattons c8 lho Skin havo boon \
cured by 1110 851118 11180118. The curative .1
oiled Is sometimes obtained by siinple
exposure to direct. sunlight. Ina the beM 1 '
eesults aro brought about hy means el
lenses which concentrate the chemicel
rays and exclude those of hut. The
poseible dangers lo the humeri organ-
ism DE such 0 powerful agent will he
eiscussed in another neticie.-Youties
Companion.
utong DENTISTRY.
A good liquid dentrifice is made by
dissolving one Minna of powdered me-
ttle soap in 0310 pint of water, and then
adding three druchnis of powderea bor. -
ax, five drops, of oil of nutmeg, alld 1.11.11
0110008 of honey -a -dee. ff gums are
spongy en excellent toralipowdee18
mute comblniug ono ounce 041111 of
cinnamon and bicarbonate of soda and
two drops of oil of cinnamon. This
is also a geed toollepowdee for general
1108.
TO VENTMATE 1 ROOM
A good way In ventilate 11 bedroom
oe a sitting -room, so 118 to at old draught
and let In plenty of (well a)r, is to °pm
the window ab the bottom two or three
teethes, and place a pita,' of wood the
whole length. This tent ciose the open-
ing and support the windew. The air
then enters between the wish al the mid-
dle of the wIndow, passes upwards, and
gradually 111150,8 with lee air In the room
creating no draught.
MILLItAND'S RISE.
Couldn't React at Sixteen, But Became a
Professor at Oxford.
From a tow statements which he outdo -
le opening the new Carnegie Library et
Shipley, England, the other day, it is
clear that Dr. eoseph Weight of Oxfoed
University is one of the men whose m-
eows ought to be put on. record on dee
tail to show what determination and
ambition can do for their possessors.
Not to mention that the authoritative
English Dialed Dicttonery was competed
by him, Dr. weight's position as pro-
fessor of comparative philology at Ox.
ford would nuke one suppose that most
of the avenues to knowledge must have
leen at his early disposal, and so it is
somewhat surprising to learn that at
six.teen he was .a millhand who did net
know how to read, and Lent he learned
to do so largely by accident.
These facts Professor Weight men-
tioned 131 urging Leese who attended the
library opening to road books on mod-
ern history. He remarked that great
changes take pltme in the facilities for
reading since he teamed to read thirty-
five yeers ago and sidd he doubted it
he would have learned but for the Fran-
co -Gem= War, it happened, however,
that some men 51 11)1) mill whore be then
worked seemed deeply interested in
reading about fire war, end that decided
Mtn to teem to read himself, leefeence
to the Dictionary of National Biography
shows that Professor Wright must have
been sixteen then, and ate what per-
sistence and Industry he npplied himself
to his books can be tinagtheri from ing
present titles of M. A.„ Ph. D., and 0.
P. L.; from the catalogue of his worlcs,
which 10e11010 a primer of the Gothic
language, a gra/Ileum of the dialect of
WInghill, and many trenslations from
the Germen, not to Mention ins monu-
mental dictionary of dialect
tels\l'oriril°
elvonaln1leid1611111111150onli IIS 0110 nil V
h‘egelegelt
alt
workenq 01 his goner/1110n bY
how his magnue opus -which he cont.,
Meted only in last Sopternbete-was writ-
ten and published, Ile said that 'he be-
gan his Dialect tictIonary over twelve
years ego, but when tt tees ready for
publication he found 6n1y one among
the big poblishers who would listen to
the proposal of issiting such a week, mut
they Would only undertake ft on UM
conditiOn that he would guarantee them
against loss, So he thought be might
teismtWeolfl peottniblbtslittleftwW11111111141161;glittial6eyo‘LV
anee of his wife ho end Weed reenter-
clyonitilsets,thlarntyd phaardtssnotedwilheol,1389then tt•,(1)111;1c
In doing so. Profeasor Wright saki that
that meant ten dap: to n forthightte
herd work for 111311 In the evenings foe
he Would not allow tile book to interfere
with 118 ordinary duties, end tickled 18-
(1103' ctordonically Bud wes 1138111e
61htlialtaltryono.lialailnernvii(t)i)ciylsorhir;Ilitilefe,s41,01111;r41,
91.1511 herd Inter,