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The Brussels Post, 1906-2-1, Page 7• ,y zi • fi Y s 'KING AND THE KAISER 'Til(] QUARREL BETWEEN TflIiM GROWS IN nrrI'EnNLSF3. Degan Before Edward Became King, and Has Now Extended From Persona! to Political Affairs. Personal enmity existing between the .Kink of England and Lho German Em- .Pcror has tecarno a serious factor In international Oahu, writes Curtis Brown from London. They are fierce oombnl- ants in the errna of the world's politics. The tinalo, Edward VII., regards the nephew, \Viillnm i1., with anger mingled with shorn, and the yomgor nionnoh's •resentment against his mother's brother Is still more intense. Herein Iles the true cause of the pre - .sent bitter fueling between Great Britain and Lhe Felbe•lane. That this feeling .should result In hostilities seems lnererl. able, but 1 was told yesterday by tt high 'official In the English Government that Lord Lansdowne, who until recently, .was foreign secretary, had t•cicii'cd in private to war with Germany es "the one danger," and the same informant -declared that Lleutennnt General Sir John French, who Is 13ritlsh Command- er-ln-chief In everything but title, is -convinced that a conflict is inevitable The mouse of this rennrkabie tension between the two foremost monarchs of the world Is even more personal then political. The original cause of the dis- pute must be sought in the remaricnble •difference in Lhe characters of the two royal personages. King Edward In a cool, cynical, expeienced and practical man of the world. Miring more than three decades of manhood In which he was free and as unfettered as Prince of Wales he traveled about the •world and mixed with all sorts of conditions of mon, se that he gained an inlImalo 'knowledge of humanity and close en- -qualnisnce with the manner In which practical affairs of commerce, diplo- macy and outer professions and nem pations aro conducted. His vastly varied •experience gave him a clear Insight In- to character and supplied him with u cool judgment, which rarely thus. King Edward is essentially a realist. Tho German Emperor, on the nther hand, Is a visionary idealist. Brought up within the narrow confines of the Prussian court, he ascended the throne before he had time to acquire a prerli- •cal knowledge of the ways of lir, world, so that in spite of his keen interest in all branches of human activity he has remained an unpractical theorist. Ile is quick-tempered and enthusiastic, and has committed many serious mielnikes -of policy through his impetuous temper- ament. In brief, the two monarchs aro personally as Inc removed from ono another as the two poles. KING EDWARD ANT! -GERMAN. A long series of personal blckerings has fomented and increased the origin- al mutual antipathy between the Lwo men, King Edward's personal grudge against Germany and Germans was originally duo to the fierce and unscru- pulous hostility whichsister, Lho late Empress Frederick, experienced In her adopted country. The late Empress Frederick was an exceptional woman ' f high Ideals and noble principles, and she exercised her Influence against the pernicious policy of political reaction Moored by the German court. On this • account she was violently attacked ny Bismarck .and many other prominent irermans. During all the years of her residence in Germany up to the time of her death abuse and insults and Indig- nities of all sorts were heaped upon her. The Kaiser, although he flute failed in filial duty to his mother, neverUm, less, regarded her polllicnd views witfi intense aversion, and undoubtedly sym- pathized in the innermost depths of his mind with the opposition directed against her political Influence over Ger- man affairs. King Edward, who wasa most affectionate brother, fiercely re- sented the cruel and unchivalrous hos- tility which his sister experienced in Germany, and extended his anger against' Germany and Germans to the present Emperor, perhaps unjustly. Tho .personal antipathy thus created and intensified during earlier years by many trivial oauses'of a personal nature, suddenly assumed formidable dimen- sions Immediately after the death rf Queen Victoria and King Edward's ac - Between the late Queen and the Ger- man Emperor, who was, of course, her grandson, a particularly warm affection existed; and the Kaiser hastened to England as soon as It became evident that Victoria's end was approaching. That the Queen and the heir to the aurone had many disagreements is well known, and it is declared at court that during her • last hours Queen Victoria showed so much more regard for the Keiser than she did for .her eldest son that the nose of the Prince of Wales was put, out of joint badly. This episode would have lett its mark in any event, but Wilhelm H. promptly made matte's worse by offering the new king friendly advice. In the way in which he could bunt rule over lila world-wide empire. The Kaiser, who Is fifteen years young- er then King Edward, considered that the dozen years of experience as a mon, meth which ho had gained when Queen Virloria diet) gave him a right to instruct and advise his uncle how the British Emigre should be ruled. King Edward keenly resented his Imperial nephew's pn.tennade, and administered n snub to the Kaiser which lett it.s sting for many ' years. That incident took place et the beginning of 1001, and the two menarche Mil not mote ndnin until Ring Edward Melted Kiel in the- summer of 1901, CRITICAL, KAISER, Soon after King Edward's ascension t.r the throne it came to his knowledge ilea the German Emperor 'hadgersonal iron utterance to ail sorts of p o•itl• cisme regarding Ms royal ante's mode of Ileo. The Kaiser, who Isfrequently all the other English visitors of dietinc• lion, King Edward, Who had previously `heard of fire Koller"s dritleISnt of itis' felendruhip Inc ,Ste Themes Lipton, ries luratly resented the slight on the fam- ene yachtsman,' so that the owner 0tthe sueceeshve Shamrock hag played quite an irnportant part in the depute be. tweet this two menarche. .! , TA ,,la B['ARt•;ltS BliSl'. • • Otte A('tiiir noel; ngtcnt causes '1st lcnslfying and proinging the personal hostility between King Edward and !em- peror Wilhelm has been the Inter-com- nnnlealton of the unfriendly and mall. clout; utterances which the one has mado about the other. As often as tin Gal, nian Emperor hos nude a critical re - meek about his uncle Edward it hes been made known to the latter with remarkable pprecision and rapidity. if the Kaiser uttered the remarks on Mon. day, King Edward generally hid know- ledge of the Incident on Wednesday or Thursday. On 1,1l0 other band, es often RA King Edward responded to his nep- hew's arilietsnls by counter criticlsms his utterances were likewise made (known In Berlin within a day or two. 'there Is n0 doubt that a number at courtiers both In England and Ger- many have nude it their business 10 transmit malicious gossip from Berlln to London and vice versa, apparently for tho sole object of fomenting the quar- tet between the two monarchs. Rec- ently uno of the most influential and serlous political Journals hs GerinanY, the 'I'agliche Rundschau, denounced the ambassador In London, Count Albert Mensdorff, as one of the most active of those who make ruischief between Ed- ward and Wilhelm, Lord Lonsdale, who enjoys the close friendship of the Kaiser, has also been mentioned In this connection. carried away by Ids hot temper to say Indiscreet things designated King Ed- ward in conversations which were over- heard by half a dozen or more persons a. an "unrecleemable rake," and a "pro- fligate son who had not abandoned his profligacy after ascending the throne:' The Kaiser also referred to the Inoon- gtuliy between puritan Englund and her pleasure -loving monarch, and remark - ea that the rule' of the British Empire ought above everything to be remark. ably careful in regard to this private lllo and morals. The Kaiser, however, did not confine himself to criticisms of King Edward's morals and of his fondness for the fair sex. Ile also criticized the character of several of King Edward's chosen per- sonal friends. He stated flint Ring Ed- ward had a remarkable preference Mr plebeian and democratic company, whereas his duty as a monarch re- quired him to limit his circle of friends to aristocratic end high born personag- es. A monarch could, of course, meet plebeians on friendly terms al spcolal andoccasional tines. but it was a mis- take for a king to choose his principal friends from any bol the very highese circles of society. The Kaiser referred especially to kink Edwnrd's close per- sonal friendship with Sir Themes Lin- ton, and sold, on one occastnn, "1 can- na undcrsland how my uncle can con- fer his personal amity nn that tow born fen Trader end shnpktener." When Sir Thomas f.ipton allended the Kiel remit - le In 1004 on hoard the steam yacht Erin the Kaiser refused to receive him, and sent him none of the invtntinee which were liberally distributed amoug EACH SIDE SCOIIES. A collection of all the remarks which the German Emperor has frocn time to Lime made about Ring Edward would fill a small volume, and would so pro- vide very tnleresting reading. A sim- ilar collection of the utterances of King Edward on his nephew would be equ- olly entertaining. Among other things, Ring Edward is declared, on good au- thority, to have said, "Thel self-suisfled young relative of mine has thepre- sumption to give me ndvloe to be a suc- cessful. uecessful. king. Considering that he, by his eccentricities and indiscretions has done more 1.0 discredit the monarchical form of government than any other liv- ingsovereign his offer was superfluous and misplaced." On another occasion Ring Edward Is reported to have re- marked, "Thal well-meaning young fool, William, once tried to interfere inmy affairs, but i promptly checked his in- terference." Another remark of King Edward ran, "The German navy Is no- thing more than \William's toy." These things are known in every well-informed newspaper otllce to England and Ger- many, but no paper may print them. TEMPORARY IMPROVEMENT. Recently, 'a slight improvement Lem- porarily look place in the relations be- tween tho two monarchs. When Ring Edward's nephew, Duke Charles Ed- ward, of Saxe-Cobourg-Gotha, was mar- ried to a niece of the German Empress at Gluecksbug in October, Prince Ar- thur of Connaught was dispatched from London as representative. of the Eng- lish sovereign. lie was the bearer of a friendly message from Edward to Wil- liam, and also of a present from King Edward to the German Emperor in the shape of a handsome walking stiok. The Kaiser responded to this overture ny sending several cases of birthday pro- sents to King .Edward on November 0th, when he wee 64 years of age. This passing exchange of courtesies, however has made no lasting offeot. A week or two later a report was chiral - lilted that Ring Edward intended to vis- it Berlin in February in order to con- gralulalo the Kaiser on Ills silver wed- ding. King Edward's private secretary, Lord Knollys, contradicted this report with such emphasis and.i n language a1 - most demonstrative of its hoslilily .to the Genian Emperor, that the old feud was again revived in all its former dimen- slons. Almost exactly at the sane thee that Lord Knollys launched into publi- city this slight on the German Eloper-. nr, the English Tate prime minister, Mr. Balfour„ in a public speech, indicated the Germnn Emperor as a modern Na- poleon whom it might be necessary for England•t0 crush, and Lord Lansdowne, the English foreign minister, designnts ed the Kiser as an astute.potentate tvioso amhltinns.nntst be thwarted. Tfie Kaiser attributed both these-speoohes to the influence of Ring Edward, and .8e the strife between royal 'uncle and Im- perial tontinW ds, more bitter than ever. Recently, it is true, Catmt..M0lternIch,, the Gerrnan ambassador in London, mach a speech at an English Club tveloh was Heeded to create a bolter feeling between England and Gcrmnny, but as the rhetorical effete consisted mainly if an adcusatien of mischlat mating against the English mesa, the hoped for rosstit was not achieved. I;MN1TY REACHES POLITICS. i'ho enmity between 'i dtvard and Wil- helm has not been (enacted to the per• sonal realm, but hasextended into polltice. i dwarcl and Wilhelm arc en- gaged in. n game of diplomatic chose in whlch .the one is forev er drying to cheokmete 'the 'other:. Thu whole. (rend at f (tcltt9li fere sdt pofldy 'sfhee the ao- censloi. of Icing Edward, whose-inilu- once ovor this department of t110 gov- ernment is wet-linuwe, has been anti - German in character. The close friend- ship which has been formed between England and France is directed almost entirely against Germany. England's agreement with Japan tvlil undoubtedly expel Germany from the Far East and put an end 10 Germany's farroaching ambitions in that direction. Roth Edward and Wilhelm are Will cnntesiing for the friendship of the soling King of Spain: both are doing their utmost. to marry him to one of their own female relnlives, In this re- spect, as in most others. Edward some tr. have orimnIehed Wilhelm, for l-I- iensa has deflntlely decided to marry an English prineees in the person al PIM Rntlenherg, Is. .Ig Edward's niece. In Srnnrlinevla. which prnrnises to became as fruitful a geld of diplomatic Intrigue in the north as the Bailouts are In the snout. Erlwnrd and Wilhelm ore llke- wise striving to obtain predominant 'n- fluenca here again Edward premises In be the victor. for one M his daugh- ters has become Queen of Norway, and his niece is the future Queen of Sweden. RUSSIA A BONE. As soon as Russia recovers from Luo disastrous infiueuces of her domestic troubles Edward and Wilhelm will strive to gain her friendship, and from negotiations which have already taken place there are excellent reasons for believing Ihet Nicholas will reject a proffered alliance with Germany in or - dor to conclude a friendly working agreement with England. Edward's anti -German diplomatic campaign has not been confined to neutral powers. On the contrary, Edward has boldly enter- ed on Lhe task of rendering Germany's own two allies, Austria and Italy, dis- loyal to her. The unusual marks of al- tenlion and courtesy which Edward has paid to the Austrian umpire were In- tended to promote the detachment t•I Austria from the triple alliance. Ed - weed has pursued this airs by other dip- lomatic methods, and has met with such success that Germany eon now place little or no reliance on the support of Austria and Italy, Edward's nim Is to isolate Germany. England's present un- derstanding with France is to he dovel- cped into a league which will include Spain and Italy. On the otter hand, England will endeavor to conclude ens agreement with Russia and attain pee - 1 r'nminent influence al. Stockholm, Christiania and Copenhagen. it is ex- pected that Aush'la will then join the s'rnnger party, leaving Germany in ab- s'tlute isolation and surrounded by hos- tile neighbors. In that case the Kaiser will have no friend in Europe except the Sultan of Turkey. whom he has courted sn assiduously during the lest decade, perhaps in the hope of maintaining Ger- many's power In Europe, with the assistance of hordes of herbnrian Mos- lems. Even here Edward is determined In invade Wilhehn's preserves. The King of England will cruise In the Mediterranean in the spring, and will extend his voyage In Constantinople in order to pny a stele visit to the Sullen 'Aleut Hamid. Ring Edward intends that the friendship between Germany and Turkey shall be replaced by a still olnser friendship between Englnncl and Turkey. and Mot he himself shall es- sume the position of confidential friend and patron nt the Sultan in place of Wilhelm. England al nd t v i11 reap ninny tot- ' n ' Miteal advantages thereby. and Ger- many's • loss will bo correspondingly large. KAISER IS OUTMATCHED. The results of the political rivalry be - 1 arson the two monorails hitherto ob- served have demonstrated that William to no match tor Edward. The King Is a better politician and a more astute dip- lomat than the Emperoor. Edward has won all along the line and Wilhelm has been defeated everywhere.. So far as con be judged, this is to continue In the future. In these circumstances, it is no wonder That \Wllheim feels very sore about his royal uncle's activity, and that there t; no prospect. whatever of the feud be. Wean the two monarchs being termi- nated during their respective lifetimes. 4 MOST INGENIOUS GLOCK WRSULT.OF FIVE YEAR'S WORK OF A GERMAN MECHANIC. exhibits the Great Gifts and the Won- derful Perseverance of lis Matter. A clock which is In many respects one of the most notable in the world has been constructed, says the Jewelers' Circular Weekly, after five yeas of hard labor by August Noll, a skilled median - lo of Villhtgen, one of the old and pic- turesque cities of the German Schwarz- wald and the former capital of rho province of Boar, which came into Lhe possession of Baden 10 1806. The peo- ple of this region aro diligent and tat- ented, and the making of clocks has been for 200 years a native industry among them. Those first mado were wooden clocks with a sort of balance, and were very stmplo in construction. Gradually the work grew in perfection and the pendu- lum took the place of the balance; In still later times Dame metalic clocks with mainsprings, until now the most elab. orate and artistically designed time- pieces of ovary kind are sent alt over tine world,Into the humble dwellings rf • titeinkidlg cinssos and the palaces of the wealthy, THE ASTRONOMICAL CLOCK. finished by August Noll almost surpass- es in ingenuity (51 eenstruoton,'Variety. of mechanism and number of figures not only the famous clocks of Prague and Goslar, but even the renowned tines• terpteoe of Isaac Habrecht, the wonder of the Sarsburg Cathedral. It is et pro sent on exhibition In Munich, and it is Unlikely that it will ever' bo permitted to leave that olty. Tho case, of walnut wood, about 14 Met high, 12 feet wide and 9 feet deep, is fashioned in the form el a chum:. rf the early. Renaissance style, of her• monlous design and pleasing to the' msthetle sense, 'Cha calendar mechnn. ,tern, rollers, chimes, striking Worlks, &o., • n • • d to :work far. 3. n oto arranged c Oil yeas. Muting the whole century the oloelc will show not only the Seconds, minatos. SWEPT INTO THE OCEAN TIE MARSHALL OIIOUP OF PACIFIC ISi.ANDS DESTROYED. Work of a Hurricane, the News ot Which • izect World. One of the worst hurricanes that have ovor overwhelmed any of the tractile is- lands struck the Marshall group on Juno 30111 last, It was the saute storm that did considerable damage to the eastern islands of the Caroline group farther west; but there the storm had partly spent its force, while some ct the Marshall Islands were subjected to Lis utmost violence. Some of the Mite islands were fairly blown or washed into the sea; all the send covering Lho coral rock founda- tions being swept away both above and below the water surface; so that today sailing vessels may pass over spots where inhabited islands stood a few months ago. News from the Marshall group comes oR.ly about twice a year and the particulars of this calamity have only just heen received. These Melte ore some 50 in number. '[hey carne under the Gorman flag in 1035. They are long, narrow islands, rising above foundations of Doral rent arranged In the form of circles or atolls, as they are called, the arca within the atolls being occupied by lagoons with shallow depth of water. Some of . Lho atolls are from 30 to 60 miles In diam- eter. Here and there the corel reef on which they stand stnics under the water surface so far as to permit the passage of small vessels into the lagoons. Every atoll has several of these passages. THE LITTLE ISLANDS aro rarely over 350 feet wide and do not rise more than from seven to fifteen feet above the surface of Use sea. The sides of the big ocean liners would tow- er high above them. They aro sparsely populated with itanakas, who are dying out: for they aro succumbing rapidly lc diseases which the whites have intro- duced. The smaller, uninhabited islands, grow only a little scrub on the masses of sand which have been piled up above the reef in the course of centuries and form the only soil. 11 is astonishing to sae Ilse mos palm flourishing In this pure sand. The trees bear from 60 to 100 cocoanuts a year and aro the sole wealth of the islands. Within the memory of the natives the Marshall islands had never been visit- wd by such a hurricane before. High winds and the great waves that accom- pany Ihem had sometimes done dam- age. hut nothing comparable with that of the storm of June 30(1 last. The storm first struck the islands of the ensiern part of the group and here the greatest damage was done. The little Knox island was entirely washed away. Where it stood ere now seen only Iwo or three small sandbanlcs sur- mounted by a few stumps of trees. The mass of water rising ns high as the crowns of the cocoa palms simply swont everything away. These waves driven n 1 t' e h v the wind vete as resistless as the Johnstown flood. Of the 6a natives living an the island 5e wore borne off on the waves, crushed on the reef or drowned in the flood. ONLY TWO BOYS ESCAPED. Ilas Just Reached the Civil - with their lives. In the wild whirl of the waters they managed to got hold .,t Lhe trunk of a breadfruit tree, to which they clung for 24 hours, until they were finally washed out on the shore of the Milli Atoll. They could not have sur- vived such an ordeal if they had been oast away to colder latitude. The hurrican struck the Milli Atoll at 8 a. m., bringing with 1t three great waves following one another at inter- vals of about three minutes. The third and highest wave towered above the crowns of the palrn trees, around which the nuts grow, and literally swept ev- erything before it. The three tvaves rose to a height of from 35 to 50 feet above the usual water level. The whole southern coast of the atoll, consisting of inhabited islands, thickly strewn with palm growths, was swept clean of everything risinn .Jove the sand, Only Iwo little spate Vero left above the waters, their iinmunity 'bo- ing due to the protection afforded by Knox island, a little to the south. .Sev- only idves were lost on the 11ltli Atnil. Fifty miles further north the Arno Atoll was greatly de.maged and on the soidhonst side, three-fourths of the land was Wristlet] away. Only eight lives were lost, however, this being duo to Iho fact Lint the east side of the atoll is so nar- now that most of the natives as the wind quarter hours and hours, the days, weeks, months and years, but also the movable feslivnls of the Christian year. The different days and seasons ire 'n- !rnduced by processions of appropriate figures, sidltully carved, accompanied by music, with bugle solos and watch. men's horns, or with cock crow and cu ckon calls, The centro is occupied by an artists• Golly decorated and illuminated chapel, whose doors open every morning at 9 o'clock, and bring to view a congt•oga. ton of worshippers, In the Schwairz- weld costume, who filo past the altar amid the strains of a choral. Once every hour Ttll3 FIGURE OF DEATH apears et Um tett side wing, and figures representing the four ogee of man pass by Iran; at tiro sine time the twelve Apostles aro seen passing before the fig, ura.of Christ le an 'attitude of blessing. At the right of the portal, above, is an tdealleoci representations of the fotrsea- sons. and beneath' morning and evening, six Capuchin monks march Slowly, to the accompaniment of chimes and the chords of a choral, from their pictur- esque forest hermitage to tho church. Tho time is marked on tiro olock face en the upper pare of the central spade, not by ordinary hands, but by figures which spring out at (ho.•propee tnonment and Iwo angels sirllco thechanges on melodious bells. 11C1ow„ as if in the side aisles of the church, the strong and care- fully arofully constrlteited mechanism is visible in action; al the foot is an astronomical tellurim, and at rho gnhloa ot the side ,wings two large faces allow tho time In ftiollte and New York, ea nnmparod with. the central European time. The .whole ,straettre,: weighs 0,200• Dbunds atid fij Vatted at 56006 marks, rose to hurricane force had time to reaolt Uro *tallow lagoon within, where they remained immersed up to their nooks until the storm subsided. The big waves spent their force upon the land and the natives in the lagoon ESCAPED THEIR VIOLENCE. Several big wuvas swept over part of JMIull Atoll, destroying the houses ,tf the entire European population, The missionaries hurried with their pupils Into the great warehouse of the Juiuii Trading Company; which, fortunately, was not moved from Its lien foundation and all taking refuge Chore escaped un- named. Jalult Is the centre o1 the island (rade. A number of sailing vessels at anchor. In front of the reef were dashed on the rocks and wrecked. The steamer of the Jalull company. moored with two big endears, put on all steam to keep its head to the wind and thus escaped de- struction. The eastern islands of the ,laluit Atoll were almost wholly swept nway down to the roof so that small vessels are now passing over title places where they stood. Seventy-three natives of this atoll lost their lives. The western islands of Lhe Marshall group were also changed; but the loss was trifling as compared with that of the eastern atolls. Thr atolls of this group were setter - ed over a large area so that some of them are hundreds of miles from -their nearest neighbors. The result is Iliac communications between them are infre- quent. An illustration of this Is the fact That fears are expressed In the latest news from the Marshall !stands that Letting island, which scarcely rises above the water level and Is Inhabited only by one European and twenty natives, mny have been destroyed by the storm. News es 1r their fate could not be obtained un- til the close of the year. as a ship from AMR visits the island only once in six months to carry provisions to the in- habitants and bring off tho copra they have prepared. 4— LEGAL POOR OF LONDON ALMOST EIGHTY THOUSAND PEOPLE IN IJER POORHOUSES. While Many of Theon Aro Old, Thou- sands Are Young and Vigorous. From a London Times article on the legal poor of London the following ex- tracts are taken:— In dealing with the question of the legal poor of London this Christmas we have to record the dismal tact that the numbers In receipt of pauper relief in nearly every month of the past year have been greater than In any of the previous forty years comprised In the official statistics, with the exception of the period from 1867 to 1871, and Lhut the ratio of paupers per 1,000 of the population in most months has been. higher than in any year since 1874. The highest point rcashod was In February, when the rate a ers were maintaining as many as 129,520 persons, of whom 77,365 were in the workhouses and 52,164 on the out -relict lists. Of ovary 1,000 of the population 27 were paupers. The figures have fluctuated during the year, but all through they have remained very high, and until December was reached they showed considerable increases upon tLhohere belargoen totals of 1904. Not o:,hv has A F1EMAtiKABLE INREASE in the outdoor relief, but the rise in the numbers entering the workhouses, which has been a great feature of modern pauperism, has continued, and rho de- tails given below reveal the fact that .n no year in the history of the poor law has the population of the workhouses been greater. The solution of the prob- lem of hots this growing and costly mase of permanentindoor pauperism is to be dealt with is becoming a very difficult one in many unions where the institu- tions are already accommodating more than their certified number; while the lavish distribution of out -relief is a ques- tion which requires immediate attention. It is gratifying, however, to be able to state that this month the olldoial returns record a decrease of pauperism com- pared Willi the corresponding period of 1004. The reduction began in the week ended December 2, and IL has continued up to the 1311, inst., the date of the last weekly return. There were then 127,- 072 persons In receipt of relief -77,622 In the workhouses, and 49,450 outside. This is a welcome reduction of 551 on the total for the corresponding .week of last year. Although tho large majority of the inmates of rho London Workhouses are old -age paupers—the latest ometal re- turn, that for 1903, puts Thom at 48,000 over sixty years of age—there is a con- siderable sprinkling of the able-bodied. It is an unfortunate fact that these aro on the increase. As many as 9,932 re- ceived e-cefved relief last year, which was 084 more than the total for the previous year, and it Is, indeed, the HIGHEST NUMBER ON RECORD; while the ratio per 1.000 of the nnnula- Lion (2.1) is not exceeded in any previous year, although it was equalled in the years 1894.06. Tho outdoor relief lists contained 8,164 able-bodied, which was higher by 1,689 than the total for 1903.01, and greater than any previous niftier, the ratio per 1,000 inhabitants being 1.8, a rise of .4 on the precedingyear. ft is a cloptorabtefact that the pear law :establishments of London contain near- ly 20,000 children. Ot these 7,805 are being educated and trained in district or separate schools, 3,871 in cottage and. other . hotnes 2,968 are In worlchouses and infirmaries, 1,748 are in institutions belonging to the Managers of the Metro- politan Asylums Board, .2,1070 are In training and industrial hones, 180 are in institutions toe the blind, deaf and dumb, epileptics,'0(o„ and 125 in hasp'. tats and convalescent homes for the Melts During last year the guardians of London had 37,7,17 children on tite out- door relief lista, and this Christmas there, aro 17,227 children under the dgo r 1 16 eneeiving help, as egainsl 18,000 1n December, 1904. Every time history repents itself the book agent gots busy. Art olfoe iH the ,glue that Malcetas, a politician etiok to IUs partri ESCAPED JUST IN TIME DOST OF THE GREAT WAR UNPU1ASANT ADVENTURE OF LADY AND FIVE SAILORS. Intended Victims of Cannibal Feast Escaped When AU Was Ready. Although the wreck of the American tour -masted strip Susquehanna was co - ported, it is only now that dolaiis of what befell Ml's.. Elwell, a passenger, and five of the drew, have reached London. Tho Susquehanna was on its way from New Caledonia to Delaware, The voy- age began pleasantly, but when near the Solomon islands a severe storm arose. This continued for three days, when the Susquehanna was driven on a reel, within sight of one of the Solomon group, and the crew and passengers Look to the boats. The boat in which Mrs. Elwell was placed was manned by five sailors, it reached land. There a score of savages, armed and menacing In their manner, met the castaways, who were unarmed, except for one musket. Mrs. Elwell, however, greeted the natives with smiles and friendly gestures, and the attitude of the savages softened so that the party were conducted to one of the native huts and provided with food and water for two days. Early on the third morning, however, there was a great outcry. The chief, who had been lying 111 in the next hut to that In which Mrs. Ewell was ac- commodated, died. After an excited pow -wow, Lhe savages laid this misfor- tune to the near presence of the visitors. FIRES LIT FOR TUUE FEAST. They carried them oft to a more dis- tant hut, where they were pieced under strong guard. Fires were lighted and preparations wore made for a great orgy. Of its character Mrs. Elwell and the sailors could have no possible doubt, for on the way from the beach they had passed many bleached human skulls lying on the ground, while the natives till wore necklaces and wristlets of human bones. The prisoners accordingly decided to make an effort to escape. The high spirit of Mrs. Elwell encouraged the sailors to desperate exertions, and es the attacking party came up by night towards the hut the castaways crawled, one by one, through a hole which had been dug on the otter side, and made for the boat on the beach. They reached the boat and pushed off, only half a dozen yards in front of the leader of the cannibal pursuers. For i2 hours, without food or water, they rowed about in the hope of being seen by a friendly trader. Then they were picked up by the cap- tain of the steamer Aola, and taken to San Christobal, where the captain and the remaining members of the crew 0! the Susquehanna were found. FANCY SLEEVES. There never was known a time when sleeves played such an important part it. woman's dross as to -day. It is claim- ed by those whose opinion in clothes Is considered the most reliable that it is possible to tell at a glance whether a gown be of "this year's vintage," so to speak, or last season's, simply by a glance at the sleeves. Whetelter or not this sweeping statement bo true, there is certainly a marvellous difference in the fashions of this season's sleeves. Ono thing in favor of Use newest de- signs is that they follow more the shape et the arm than they did and are conse- quently more becoming; there is some fulness at the armhole and the sleeve is put in in such a fashion as to give breadth to the shoulders rather than the sloping shoulder effect fashionable too. year. As a rule there is a rather small lining that forms a sort o! foundation and keeps the sleeve itself in shape, the material of the sleeve being then tucked, shirred, gathered or simply laid over the silk in little puffs and ruchings tit lace or taffeta. If there be a sleeve at Ml —that is unless there is simply a strap over the shoulder—it must be elaborate. if the gown is embroidered In gold cr' sliver there must bo.the same design cn Ute sleeve, even though the material is different. In many satin gowns Uie sleeves are composed of chiffon ( or lace, with bands of the satin to help steep the sleeve from failing in too close to the arm. Ball gowns are made with the short- est of sleeves. Often only a strap is to bo seen. Again, there will bo a most minute puff mado of narrow ruffles -.f lace on a foundation of chiffon or mous- seline de solo. Reception, dinner and theatre gowns have the most fanciful lit. tle sleeves imaginable, never reaching further than just below the elbow, and often not to the elbow. The material of the gown generally serves as the-frame- woric upon which to place ruffles or bands of lace, bias folds of velvet, lace applquo or embroidery, until the wonder Lo thorn can be so much and so many materials on so little space. In house dresses and tea gowns alone are the sleeves really graceful, for only tvith loose- flowing lines can this affect be obtained. A favorite sleeve for a' tett gown of any malarial is of chiffon, the same shade, mado transparent and simply shirred along the under part of the arm, so that it falls very full. ovor the tight bands ot silver or embroider - cd satin, which is about an inch above the elbow. This style Is •nalunlike the angel sleeve of -two years ago,, although the. greater width of material is. now at the shoulder and not near the elbow. The granite Is not seen so.much fn atter- noon gowns as formerly, for although there is most teethe a small tramper-.. ent lace yoke, Still -Me- sleeve should he' the shade 'of. ' material of the gown itself. Silk trimmed with cloth strops and, Velvet sleeves• inishad with, bards of satin 01' sills give an idea of the many styles of sleeve now in vogue. A coat steeve dons not differ •materially from the sl ve'ot the goon ftsilt, and manyenvy S ale o't; ,Eel to Ct If n i hl n mid taco aro also to•'t be noticed but slightly changed in iolotti and velvet. The hill Usreequarlef sleeve is, however, moon. ally 11 ooat;modol. This sleeve, may be elaborately ibraltied, as, indeed, tho int - Melly. of.that sleeves are lammed this winter; Or again It is seen quite plain, Savo for the turned hath 01111, tvhtoh is generally ehther braided or embroidered In light Colored silk. Lade is Worn only en the melt •elaborate velvet and fttr jackets, but MIA necessary to telco an outdoor gentian/. TUE RUSSIAN BUDGET PLACES IT AT $1,100,000,000. Repatriation of Troops in Far Peet .051! Reduction or Army Wilt Cost *62,800,000. The Russian budget statement for 1000 shotes that it will be necessary to raise $240500,000 by credit operations 10 hal• ante fife estimated receipts and expendls tures. The latter include 3202,500,000 for the liquidation of the expenses of the Russo-Japanese war, the repatriation of the troops in the far east are the reduc- tion of the army to a peace rutting. For the first time the total cost of title war, 31,150,000,000, is revealed. The credit operations to balance the budget include the recent authorization of $200,000,008 in Weasliry bonds, 375,000,000 of which have already been used to renew the Mendelssohn loan, and the credit, $16D,- 000,000, which former Finance Minister Kukovsoff is now negotiating in Paris. The primary object of the latter, She pro- ceeds roceeds of which will bo retained in Paris, is understood by the Associated Press to be the maintenance of the stability of the rouble. REVENUE AND EXPENDITURE. The budget for 1906 estimates the or- dinary revenue at 31,013,929,387, and Um ordinary expenditure at 31,009,038,- 275. The extraordinary revenue Is esti- mated at 31,000,000, plus $240,557,000, from impending credlt operations, and the extraordinary expenditure at $246,- 448,112. The total revenue and expendi- ture balance at $1,255,486,387. The extraordinary expenditure, In round numbers, includes: for the Russo- Japanese war, 3202,500,000; for the building of railroads, 321,000,000; for the relief of sufferers from the bad harvest, 310,000,000; in loans for the restoration of naphtha worlcs, $7,500,000, in the budget statement it is an. nounced that manifestoes will be Issued, giving Lite nation the right to partici- pate in the examination of future bud- gets. The budget statement does not dodge the prevailing conditions in Russia. 11 is pointed out specifically that the re- ceipts from nearly all sources have been scaled down, and that, moreover, it is slated that if the disorders in the Interior do not cease there may be some branches of revenue on which It will be Impossible to count. RECEIPT PRECARIOUS.. The budget also deals frankly with the heavy drain on the gold reserve cf the State bank balances abroad, which have fallen $152,500,000 in the three months preceding January. During the last ten days of the year the gold re- serve was reduced by $30,500,000, while the issue of paper currency was increased by $40,000,000. The increase of paper issued, the statement says, was made by the bank In an effort to come to the res- cue of the business interests which were almost paralyzed, and had been refused loans by private banks. owing to the panicky conditions and Lo the reduction t[an of the foreign credits of houses with con- nections abroad. MEN'S RATS iN CthUBCH. Their Caro a Troublesome Question Awaiting Solution. It is a matter of historical record that our forefathers to the seventeenth cen- tury wore their headgear aL divine ser- vice and also at dinner, but it has re- mained for an English newspaper to testify that in Its opinion gentlemen sometimes refrain from going to church because of their hats, says the London Haters' Gazette. A daily paper has recently suggested that the very irregular attendance of upper class males at church may be duo to the respect with which they regard their headgear and the 'inadequate ac- commodation provided in snored edifices for the safe bestowal of the cherished "topper." - The quote a Piccadilly hatter as say- ing. "I receive more hats to blook on Monday morning than on any otherday of the week, and judging from the ob- servations I hoar, I should say that the owners benefit very little by going to church. It they place their hats under the seats they are kicked by the occu- pants of the. pews behind, ladles being almost as careless as misehtevous, boys in this respect. Then, If they deposit the hats on the seals, some one—prob- ably the owner himself—is sure to rut upon then. Why can't every West End church have a cloak room where gentle - mon can leave their hats? This sugges- tion has often been mado, A small sum could be charged and devoted. let us say, to the clothing of the heathen in West Africa," A West End vicar who was asked if this dlfllculty explained why men did not go to church gave an unsympathetic answer. "I cannot conceive,' he said, "oven in these artificial and M inirlking days, of a man who would avoid going to church out of consideration for his hat. At regular intervals male members of my congregation complain to me about this matte%% : and I invariably tell them to wear caps." A verger at a neighboring church tvho offered as a remedy the suggestion that men should wear opera hats, told that amusing Story of an experiment. "Oneq gentleman always used to put his that outside the door of his pew," he said; others followed, until the whole aisle 'showed a row of silk hats. This was all right till one night 'an old_gontleman who was short-sighted and infirm came. late. He helped, himsolf forward b resting his hand ori each pew. In this way. he ldr4ced every hat into the aisle and 'dribbled' his way, ee to speak, up to. his sella." "Nice h tel you've got hare" said th affable Wimp. "I'm '-la « g o you tike bust, sir," "151, the landlord. 'Do a good bust nes. n, splendid!" idl intake a large profit?" d"lnunonse profiti" "I'm glad to hear said the :stranger; pleasant• 1 . A ,tilde later the landlord a another set his utsts a tom shill traveller,' it ho knew who ilio gentler a x was, "Oh," ropIlcd the traveller, "he's( the new ineomo.tax assessor." The scarotty 011004 Coofcs .may be due to then ovterprodthelort 11t lady nova tiiiste,