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The Goderich Signal-Star, 1979-05-24, Page 16PAGE 2A —GODERICH SIGNAL -STAR, THURSDAY, MAY 24, 1979 Weeklong series • from page IA Dr. Balogh. The largest group (80 per cent) of mentally retarded people in this country are the result of environment. Most of these people come from 1Qwer social economic classes and only widespread social reform and an attack on the evils of poverty can help in this case. The smaller group (20 • per cent) are the result of inherited factors having to do with genes and chromosomes. These people tend to be more profoundly retarded and their parents come from all social and economic backgrounds. Progress is, being made more easily in research with this group because single causes can be isolated, explained Dr. Balogh. About .5 per cent of newborns have chromosome disorders which means they have additional, missing or rearranged chromosomes, said Dr, Balogh. Infants with chromosome disorders are usually naturally aborted by the body. If not, the result is the birth of a moderate to severely retarded child. Downs Syndrome is one of the more common examples of a chromosome disorder. carriers is not always an easy task. Reproductive counselling is also suggested. Environmental causes can be prevented with prenatal and postnatal care by first isolating those mothers who are most likely to have mentally retarded children. This can be done through medical history, physicals, and lab tests. In ending his talk, Dr. Balogh said mental retardation his multiple causes with more mentally retarded children living and becoming higher func- tional these days. In the next five to ten years, poverty, education and social conditions will have to be looked at in order to reduce the 80 per cent group of people whose retardation is caused by environmental factors, he said. Following Dr. Balogh's talk, Brian Lynch, Medical Officer of Health for Huron County, gave a presentation telling of the preventative medecine practised by the health unit to decrease, the causes of mental retardation. He spoke of the rubella immunization program which had been started by the unit in the schools with the discovery that about. .15 per cent of those vac- cinated were not immune to rubella. Besides immunization clinics, the health unit is responsible for nutrition education, home visiting and screening. In many cases, common sense can be used for prevention, said Dr. Lynch. John Penn, director of Family and Children's Services, spoke next saying that his agency gets involved with those children after the fact. Environment is a key factor in the development of children, he said, pointing out that the critical age fora stable relationship with an adult is0to3. The role of Family and Children's Services, he said, was to try to make the world e of the developing child better by intervening where necessary. He said they agency was philosophically com- mitted to working with the whole family. He went on to say that children who are receiving severe rejection and deprivation can now get help from parent aids who go into the family to model appropriate behaviour to the depriving parents because usually depriving parents have been "deprived them- selves. They can usually learn more by seeing than by being told what is proper behaviour. There are many cases of child neglect and abuse which result in a child not fuctioning to his full potential but removing a child from his family is not always the solution, said Mr. Penn. Right now his agency has about 65 children in care, he said. His agency tries to enrich family life by financially supporting some basic things which middle class ' families take for granted, e.g. day nursery, camp, etc. The agency also works with unmarried parents and is available for counselling to those families trying to cope with retarded children. For those parents who choose to give (heir children up, the agency offers foster care and adoption services. Parenting is a tough job and one of the few things one can do today without a licence, Mr. Penn told his audience. The role of parenting is not inherited. It must be learned. Mr. Penn told his audience that he was willing to help get parent training groups going if he was contacted. In summing up, he said that his agency was in- volved in the care and support. of children to help them reach their full potential. Happiness Page 3A Prenatal detection of such disorders is possible but as yet there is really no effective., treatment for such disorders, Dr. Balogh told his audience. Genes on one's chromosomes determine characteristics and presently more than 40 gene disorders have been found as causes of Mental retardation, Dr. Balogh said. Another inherited cause of mental retar- dation can be a central nervous system disorder and abnormal brain structure. Dr. Balogh went on to " name several en- vironmental causes of mental retardation. He named some viruses responsible including one which is carried in raw meat and cat feces. Pregnant women should be extra careful when cooking meat or being around pets during their pregnancies, he said. Rubell-a (German measles) is responsible for a form of mental retardation called rubella syndrome. If rubella is contacted during the first month of pregnantly, there is a 50 per cent chance that the child will be born with rubella syndrome, said Dr. Balogh. Poor nutrition, especially in the last three months . of pregnancy, can cause mental retardation. Drugs such as LSD.and marijuana may cause chromosomal damage in the fetus resulting in mental retardation. Veneral disease, which is on the increase, can be a cause of mental retardation. Fetal alcohol syndrome can occur in the offspring of chronic alcoholic mothers; depending on the amount of intake over a certain length of time. Although the data on the effects of cigarette 'smoking on babies,is not that strong, tobacco smokers do seem to produce smaller babies who are at an increased risk, Dr. Balogh pointed out. More research is needed into the effects of radiation, especially from X-rays, on the unborn at this time too, said Dr. Balogh. Childhood causes made up the third group which Dr. Balogh spoke of. Childhood infections and diseases, head injuries (usually the result of car accidents) and poisonings, especially mercury and lead are the leading causes of mental retardation in this group. 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