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The Exeter Times, 1920-4-22, Page 3s ar:1 LIeYIes i CONDUCTED SY PROP. HENRY G. BELL The object of this department is to place at the ear - glee of our farm readers the advice of an acknowledged authority on all subjects pertaining to solus and crops. Address all questions to Professor Henry G. Bell, In 'care of The Wilson Publishing Company, Limited, Toren - to, and answers will appear In this column In the order in which they are received. When writing kindly men - Von this paper. As space is limited it is advisable where Immediate reply is necessary that a stamped and ad- dressed envelope be enclosed with the question, when the answer will be mailed direct. Resider:—Labor conditions last fail using these potatoes for seed. Labor prevented me from putting lime on is costly and preparation of land is my wheat ground. Would it be prac- going to be high, therefore obtain tical to put lime on this spring, and seed which you know is good, so that if ea in what .form, .hydrated .or your potato crop will have every ground limestone rock? chance to snake a profit this year, R. W.:—Ps causttic lime the same as hydrated lime, and will they ansawer the same purpose? - Answer:—Caustic lime is the same as hydrated lime, both being the hydrate of calcium, Hydrated lime serves the same purpose as quick lune in. the preparation of Bordeaux If your soil is a heavy clay, hydrated i 'mixture. Of course, do not use hy- lime will tend to draw the particles drated lime which has been for a togethler so that it wills help the mechanical condition of the soil if you apply dime in that form. If, however, it is an ordinary loam or sandy soil I would strongly advise applying ground limestone. Either one ccrrects soil sourness, but hydrat- ed or burnt lime has the additional reaction on the mechanical structure of clay soil. W. W.:—f have about three hun- dred rods of fence to build and would like to know how to treat the posts( so they would trot decay go quickly. Answer:—There is a creosote treat- ment for fence pests which acts as a Answer:—Lime can be applied to the ground at any time during the season when the crops are not grow- ing. It will not injure your wheat in the least to broadcast lime on top of it as soon as the ground is dry enough to drive on in spring. Apply either hydrated lime or ground limestone. long time open to the air, for the hydrate will have tcbange& to the carbonate, which is not sufficiently active. J. F.:—We have some dry sandy land that has been .cropped until the humus is nearly used up and sit is difficult to get clover started and we are thinking of growing some crop to plow under to produce humus. What would you advise trying, blue- grass, or what we usually call June grass? Would you think it a serious natter to kill it.when preparing land for other crops? What would be best to sow? preservative. I do not have the exact Answer:-13ivagrass or June grass proportions, but - undoubtedly hard- erablees a thick soil, but takes conu h erable time to accumulate much ware or paint firms who sell creosote humus. Why not seed your sandy material wall have the exact mixture. soil to gg'thet clover if you want to I;. it.:—Cern anut was more severe add humus? This makes very rapid last year than we had ever noticed it and extensive growth. To prepare 'l,efo:e. What seed treatment can you your sandy soil for it, apply about recommend? I want to prevent this 100 lbs. of lime to the acre as soon !mai ne:ct year. Answer:—No emcees,: ul treatment for cern smut has been developed as yen race tion of crops, good manur- ing -ard choice of strong vital seed are the anh- methods sof reducing the as spring opens. Work this (into the soil well by harrowing so that the ground will be sweetened. Then, at the time of seeding,. apply about 300 lbs. to the acre of a fertilizer analyz- :roan this disease as far as I ing 3 to 4 per cent. ammonia, 8 to 10 ,., per cent. phosphoric acid. This should give your crop, a rapid, firm start. When it has become established be careful to cut the clover early if you Wish to use it for hay, otherwise it will become very woody. The sweet clover makes an extensive root growth which should add considerable bunus to the soil. If youai.anxious to use this soil for the growing of other -crops two years hence, plow under the sweet clover when it has made a good growth, but be sure to work it 'thoroughly into the soil.. z7, II.:—My potatoes show brown, i'ran-tike flecks in the flesh and the eam trig tern black in cooking. What can,. o this and are they safe for fee Ane er:—Front your description i eabnot exactly determine what dis- ease is affecting your tubers since it may be one of two or three things, or it may be due to freezing, which has the effect of turning the inner .'art of the potato tuber black. 13y ail means I would advise you to avoid The Farmer's Mos t Valuable Asset: His Boys aril Girls I: is time for mare farmers to awaken to the fact that farms, like some of the industrial corporations,' have two krids of stock—the -"pre-; ferred" and the "common." The owner ; of the farm may so manage the busi- I ness that dividends on "preferred"' stock—the good things of life that: add to the comfort and happiness of.. his family—are reasons:bly certain. iaut there is no known system of farm management that will make "cone- num" com num" stock dividends absolutely cer-1 tain. A severe storm may rain the crops, or disease destroy the animals before they are ready for market. If eur farms pay only one kind of divi- dends let us make sure of some of the good things of life that we ought to be caf;hing in as we go along. The farm is not always a failure if it fails to pay large dividends on its "com- mon" stock. It somehow appears that farmers, in some instances, need to be impressed with a spirit that eons:dexs the "preferred" stock dividends—the family comfort and happiness—more than mere dollars. The farms do not .pay now and probably never will pay so large' dividends from a money standard ea some other kinds of busi- ness.' Their strong attraction is for people who appreciate things other than money. One of the first duties of parents is to instill a love of these other good things of _ life into the subtle minds of boys and girls rather than holding up the dollar as the standard of life. The finest young animals in the world are the boys and girls, and it is interesting to watch their develop- ment. When we consider some of the fine things done by boys and girls in the club way of growing crops and calves and pigs when under proper guidance, naturally the thought is suggested that their interest its farm life would be more permanent if they could have the kindly counsel of par- ents. If given encouragement to de- velop along the right lines and: put their personality into the little things of faint, life the chances aro ten to one that they would not think of leaving the farm. Boys and girls do not always desert the farm and go to cities and town's because the social life and advantages in the coun- try are not sufficiently varied and interesting, In too many Matinees their parentis are aid 04 -engaged in endeavoring to make the "common" stock of the farm pay dividends that they overlook entirely the "preferred" stock. It is probably due to this fact more than all others that the major- ity of desertions from the farm result While many writers have told us how to feed, train and develop colts, calves, pigs and lambs, and to care for our fields, it would be very inter- esting, indeed, if some of our practi- cal farmer friends would write and tell us how they have managed to keep their boys and girls on the farm. Some live articles that would appeal to the high-spirited, red-blooded boys and girls from eighteen to twenty-one years of age, who know values and are capable of putting such knowl- edge into practical, every -day use. It is easy to secure wishy-washy stories of how Johnny and Sally have been given runt calves and pigs, and who think that life on the farm is a most wonderful adventure when they get $.47 of the proceeds when, the animal is sold. We know of a few good farm- ers whose families feel that they have an interest in the cow or brood sow regardless of Who may have owned the calf or pig. We want to hear from farriers who understand boys and girls, and who have entered into partnership and mutual sympathy with them. We bolieve that many farmers who refuse to take their boys into some kind of partnership or mutually satis- factory business relationship as soon as the boys are capable of doing a man's work an the farm deserve mighty little sympathy if the boys de- sert the farm as soon as they reach their majority. In many instances the relations between father and son be- come strained about the time the boy reaches an age when he begins ,to think and reason for himself, especial- ly if he has ideas and opinions which be is not afraid to express. To be treated as a common laborer, cozi- Stantly nagged, his opinions, ridiculed and given no share in the profits of the business hurts his feelings. Real red-blooded, boys will not endure such treatment; it is brutal, unfair and short-sighted from a hueitmee pont of view. It is certainly ,a great thing when the father can take his ion into parti ner.ship with hila and they xenrsia friends and confidants, and when the di r EtY HELEN LAW orl In the past many farmers have been less well-off than their hired help. Such a conditions is unbear- able and can only be overcome by modern methods —reduction of labor and increased production. The dairy end of your farm can be made to pay much bigger profits if you Install J The a rh c Machine Milker TIIC COWS ADOPTED CHiLD It milks thoroughly and naturally and le far more pleasing to the cow than the old hand method. Moreover by the Macartneyway, one man mu milk from 20 to 24 cows in an hour. Think of the saving in labor. Stili further—the ivlaeartney increases the flow of milk and proloage the lacta• tion period. e You Giving All Yo r Profits To YourHelp? Get Particulars Now Don't buy a milker till you have seen the A9Tar• artney—theslmpleet and most modern of all-- and ll—and even If you are not ready to buy, get partt- eulara now and learn what other farmers as about the Macartney. Fill in the coupon and mail ft to -day. The Macartney Milking Machine Company limited 346 CimuctATIIERINE ST. . OTTAWA he Macartney Milking Machine Co. (Limited 316 St. Catherine St. . Ottawa Please send ata ,full iNformatio» about the Macartney Miikvr. Plains IAddress.-.... Dent. 1 have .............. f_ one, (g -i3) frallaaa r....e.•c., , . aa �may,• +`!:x •. Y:ri"e 8 z3 l4, is cQ Successful Since 1855 It is easy to make claims for seeds—it is another thing to be able to substantiate thenar, We are emphatically able to make our claims good be- cause our record for "seeds that grow" has gone unbiwkenfor 64 years. For seeds, bulbs, planta of all kinds, trust Simmers' goods. THEY GROW! aerate for our handsome ,tewzgaoCzla.Nue'day. J. A. Simmers Limited, Toronto to1 r+: 4;4 ',• •.Mi•OPy�i.���P✓.Oi �i••d•s. • 0.4* leis` •r •y`4, • . 4.470.01,+•i',,,,JiOJ� 31.:. y •lri.V'•'J, a Z1 en AS- d.eons-,.••.+..:,.. • Y•• ...! N �:k'S' i _ .MN +'1�iAdA . vc�..'.e. r Inoculate Your Seed for Better Crops le rsqueree ilu few minutes to £no- ctetxfe the seed. 14, Inoculation consists in applying to the Seed pure cultures" fthenitr nitro-gathering erlaBacteria. Special cultures are required for each kind of Seed, and are put up for Alfalfa, Red Clover, Sweet Clover, Peas, Alsike Clover, and all other legumes. SEED INOCULATION 15 ENDORSED WY THE PROVINCIAL DEPARTMENT of AGRICULTURE Splendid success has been obtained by gov- ernment tests, and a recent circular issued says: "for the sn e i amount involved in time and money it would seem advtsible to inoculate all, logumc'a ' PRICE, 51.00 EACH CULTURE, Enough far One aasltel of Seed. Cultures are sent by mail with complete directions for their ase. They are good for 6 months after they are made, Alfalfa and Clover from iuou!ated seed do not winter- Idll readily, Write for 'Circular. "MONEY RACK IF YOU FAIT, TO GET A GOOD CATCH." `.3 INOCULATED 'Ni 5 WI'N MUCDOCRS LEGUME DACTEeA • NOT INGC::LA,TGO LII tUU L B RATORY ' ALDIE" GUELPH, ONT. rrr EVEBtt ISTABr+1 SJOho3s Distemper Compouod is the one indispensable remedy for contagious and infec- tious diseases among horses and mules, Its etuocess &e a preventive and cure for DISTEMPER, MINX EYE; COUGHS and OOa.D8 for more than twenty-six years lei the highest tribute to its merit as a medicine. It is en- dorsed by the best horsemen and ll s e stock men in Amer, lea, Buy it of your druggist. sros of iVIEDrcaL. oosszuzrr. Goshen, Ind., .sen can tell his father his hopes, fears, plans and ambitions without fear of harsh reproval or unjust criti- cisan. Seine farriers are too proud to admit, even to their boys, that they have not made a success of their business. Naturally the boys think they are being treated unfairly when their father is practicing economy which to them savors of stinginess. If the father has not made his faann pay well, the boys will frequently grasp the situation quickly, respect the father the more for his toil and his sacrifices, and together they face the :problem. Interest and helpful co-operation between father and soils is only possible when there is com- plete confidence. Tell your boy about your business, make him the best pro- position you can afford to make him, and then if you fail to enlist his co- operatien it will not have been your fault. • • -4 _ Y Deep Tiles Are Not Efficient, Drains should not be placed too far below the surface of •the ground. Common observation shows this in .connection with tile drains intended to r.`etnove surplus water from house oc barn ,cellars, Ordinarily there drains must bo laid comparatively deep-- -about four or five feet below the siirttiee of the ground, 11i'ilth suoh deep drains water may stand on the urf see aliove them :Tor a long time after .h rain, This :fact has beetz, .pointed oat at; an indication that tile drainage in the open fields may not be effective in removing surplus water from the soil; but such a conclusion is wrong. In fact, it is pointed out, this obser- vation should teach a very practical lesson in the proper method of install- ing field drainage; that is, that drains should not be placed too fat below the -surf ace. Of course, the proper depth will vary with soil conditions, the kind of tile, and the source of the water, but in nearly all regions four feet will be the proper depth. Pruning Small Fruits. When you prune raspberries and blackberries, rut out all canes that!, fruited last season (should have .been clone last fall) : .also all winter -killed canes. Shorten remaining canes to three or four feet, and cut off at least a third of each long side -shoot. Rake up and burn all brush promptly, and thus get rid of many •insect pests and disease germs. Cut back one-third or more of the length of last year's growth on cur- rants and gooseberries, and cut out surplus or unihr(ifty shoots entirely. Very old shoots are likely to be in- fested with borers, and should gradu- ally be replaced with younger growth. Slot~ cut part way through the blade facilitate the work of a .new hoe for mixing mortar and cement, Address ail communications for this department to Mrs. Helen Law, 235 Woodbine Ave„ Toronto., other book •belonging to Set 1. This will be. Vol. 2. This -will enable club Members to keep the sets together, On a piece of paper, pasted on the first' inside cover, write the names of the club members, ' their addresses and' the dates viten they should change books, If you start, say, April fifteenth, the date of changing would be May first, and so on through fifteen weeks. Arrange the names so Mrs. Jones, for instance, passes her books to Mrs. Smith, her nearest neighbor. When. you start, you arbitrarily assign two books to certain people. Two or three of you will have to do most of this work. If any further information is desired, do not hesitate to write again. S. T.; Welcome to the column. Your kind words are much appreciated. 1. When spending the evening at the home of a friend, it is the woman guest, not the man, who suggests go- ing home. 2. There are various ex- cuses that you might make. If not already engaged for that dance, you might say that you wished to have a little chat with someone whom you notice is sitting it out. The hostess is always a refuge in cases of this kind. Or you might have a previous understanding with a friend who would come to the rescue at the criti- cal moment. 3. Yes, an invitation to dance is a•courtesy and should be so acknowledged Merely to say you have enjoyed it, is sufficient. X. Y. Z.: That is a perfectly splen- did ambition of yours to improve your spare time reading some good books. As you say, one has to lay out a program for herself, for it .is not enough to say in a general way: "Now I will improve try mind and do some reading." We must set our- selves to -certain, tasks, plan a definite amount of "work" for a definite per- iod of time. A friend of mine read one good, improving book every two weeks, but I have in mind a better plan than that. It is simply this; to form a "book club." About fifteen girls should get to- gether, You can "organize" as much or as little as you like. Then you oan buy thirty books so each one has two at a time to read. These are passed around in rotation, and two weeks allowed for each one to read the two books. You can, if you wish, confine yourself to novels, but more varied reading is better. Then at the end of the. year you can auction the books off at one of your homes, and make the affair a kind of social function. Thus for the price of two books each will have read thirty. neatly the books with stout brown paper. Divide the thirty books in ,sets of two, one to the fiction, the other something serious. Then label them Set 1, Set 2, and so forth up to Set 15. Put the name of the book on the paper cover and for the first set write: "Set 1, Vol, 1," and on the same book write the name of the Weights ,for Barn Use. • Frequently you may wish to use a given weight of this, that or the other feed and have no scales at hand to weigh it. If you have a quart mea- sure handy, you can use it to measure out the required weight. The quart weight of various feeds is as follows; Cottonseed meal ... , .. • .....1.5 lbs. Linseed -meal, old process —1.1 lbs. Gluten -meal .. ... , , ... 1, 7 lbs. Gluten feed 12 lbs. Wheat bran, coarse .. .5 lbs. Wheat middling, coarse .8 lbs. Wheat middling, fine , .. , .., • ,1.1 lbs. Mixed wheat feed 6 lbs. Cornmeal 15 lbs. Oats • 12 lbs. Rye bran .................. 6 lbs. Scour off all the dead bark gn the, fruit trees which besides looking un- sightly, n- g . si htly, is a harbor for a great variety of insects and affords numerous crev- iees for water to stand in. Soft soap and water is an excellent wash for trees. Have Good Lighting Systems. To neglect providing a suitable lighting system for the home is a great mistake. The man who will not spend money for this purpose will likely have to spend more in correct- ing his children's eyes. Short-sightedness in school children is a very common defect which in- creases with age. It is due princi- pally to poor sehool room lighting and to poor lights in the home. When a child reads by a poor light there is a tendency to hold the book near the eyes and near-sightedness is the re- sult. When so much money is being spent for all kinds of farm machinery, bet- ter live stock, good seed and other bit- provements, conditions in the home should not be forgotten. Every farm- er should put in a good lighting sys- tem along with the other modern con- veniences for the welfare and happi- ness i- ness of the whole family-. Lighting systems that are worth while can be secured for a moderate cost. Nobody can afford to neglect this matter. INTERNATIONAL LESSON, APRIL 25. Ruth's Wise Choice, Ruth 1. Golden Text, Ruth 1: 16. 1-3. The name Bethlehem signifies "house of bread," but for once its supply of food had failed. From the neighboring hills the people could look eastward over the great barren and rugged valley in 'which the Dead Sea lies, to the mountains of Moab, which rose like an immense wall be- yond. The district about Bethlehem, in the country of the tribe of Judah, was called "Ephrath," hence the name Ephrathites. This was the home of the ancestors of David, and the place where David was born. The family of Elimelec'k remained some time in Itioaib, in all about ten years. The Moabites were near kins- folk of the people of Israel and spoke a language closely similar, so that for the Hebrew immigrants communica- tion with them would not be difficult. It was natural, therefore, that the exiled Hebrews, while not forgetting their own God, should look with toler- ance upon the religion of Moab, and even share in its worship. In this, of course, lay the very great danger that in time they might forsake their own God entirely. and might sink to the level of the Moabite religion. Naomi, bereft of her husband and her sons, proposed to return to her own country and to leave her two daughters-in-law with their own peo- ple. But they were attached to her by a sincere and warni affection and were unwilling to leave her. If they had had sons of their own they would probably have stayed, and a second marriage for theist would, possibly, not have been thought of. But it 'was regarded as a great calamity, in those days, that a widow •eheuld be left childless, and an ancient Hebrew law, known as the Levirate law, provided that in such a CaS0 a brother, or where there was no brother, the rite l , est kinsman, should take the widow ink marriage, and that the first son of that marriage should be regarded as inheriting the son of the dead main t i; his name and his property Naomi tells her weeping slaughters -iii -law that she has no more sons to give. For the Levirate law, see Deut. 25: 5-1a, 14-15. Is Gone Back Unto Her Peo- ple and Unto Her God. Leaving her country would have meant for Orpah what it meant for Ruth, leaving the sanctuaries and the service of her god. The sacriflee is too great and she turns back. Not so Ruth, •whose great decision -is now made. Naomi sincerely desires the welfare of both, but she knows what the choice in- volves, and is unwilling to take then with her unless the choice is sincere, whole -hearted, and irrevocable. Such experiences are not uncommon upon our modern mission fields, where the decision to follow Christ often means parting from kindred and from friends. 16-17. Whither Thou Goest I Will Go. The simple eloquence of a warns, a true, and a loving heart is poured out in this declaration of Ruth's re- solve. No doubt Ruth had learned not only to know ,and to love Naomi, but also to know something of Naomi's God, who seems to her better by- far than the god of Moab. 18-19. All the City Was Moved. The picture is drawn true to life. In such a comparatively small commun- ity, where every one was known to every one else, the return of Naomi, who had suffered such great sorrows, and of Ruth, her Moabite daughter- in-law with her, Would certainly have created a sensation.. Her old friends are not merely curious, but kindly and sympathetic. They said, is this Na- omi? for they found her greatly changed. 20-.21. Mara paeans "bitter " Na- omi, however, means "my sweet, or pleasant one." Naomi regards all her troubles as having come from the hand of the Lord. It was difficult for the people of Haat early time, so long before Christ, to ,believe that God's goodness and love might be as clearly. manifest in trouble as in joy. Rather it -seemed to them that adversity and bereavement were evidences of His anger: So the friends of Job regarded the suferings of Job as proof of his guilt, and as a punishment inflicted upon him by God. It 'remained- for .Jesus Christ to cast a great new light >a g upon the meaning of suffering, and to make it passible to say, "Whom the Lord loveth He ehasteneth." 22. In the Beginning of Barley Harvest, That would be sonteticne in April, Harvest, in Palestine, begins about Easter bore, and continuos for six or seven wee:ce,'. OBEDIENCE The question of obedience to the laws of the horse, and to the con . ntunity,. confronts each individual. Some as it lightly by, givingi it little thought, and less observance, but not so the''thoughtful parent or teacher to whom the care of children is entrusted, Obedience should underly the lifer -of each of us, it is essential to hap- piness, Only as we learn to listen and obey are we fitted to take 'our rightful place in society. Vire must obey the laws' of nature if we would be healthy, the laws oft bonne and community if we would be Worthy members of each group, and above( all, there must be obedience to the moral. law, - Since obedience is such an iinpor- tent factor in each life, how can we best tach 11 to the child without de- stroying his individuality?, Many mothers admit their inability to obtain obedience, and teachers aro often asked, "How do you snake him obey, he does not mind me at all?" A dreadful confession, -but since it is made, let us try to help these mothers. First, let us ask a few questions: 1—Do you govern your child by love or by fear? 2—Are you honest with hini? 3—Are your demands reasonable and do you explain why you make certain requirements? - 4—Do you talk indiscreetly before your child and admit your inability to control him? 5—Do you require prompt obedience vtoleratedish edie re an a. do you b tea d belated performance of duty? These questions are all involved in obedience. In dealing with children we should give the reasons for our conduct, if possible. Of course there are some things which cannot be explained and we should frankly admit it; there are others which we cannot explain to young children and we should prom- ise to da so when they are older.. A spiritual question arose one day in a Sunday School class which was rather complex to explain to little children. The teacher left the prob- lem and asked these questions: „How did God make the great oak tree come out of a tiny acorn? Do you see how He did it ? Did Ile really do it?" There was no doubt about the Lit- ter, for the children had often pulled up the tiny oaks and found the acorn from which the root and tree had sprouted. "Well," said the teacher; "there are some things we know are true, but we can't explain them, can we?" A few 'Sundays later another prob- lem arose iu one of the hymns. The teacher made the best explanation possible, then added, "Some things are hard to explain, aren't they?" Smilingly one Iittle girl Iooked up and remarked, "Just Ike the acorn and the tree; we can't tell how God did it, but eve know it is true." In this way questioning' of edience will, if properly and lovingly dealt with, become confident, trustful obedience. Obedience is subjection to rightful control at all times and in all places. Yet many parents are satisfied with only occasional obedience. One day a mother expects immediate response to her request, while a little later she waits indefinitely for obedience. At still another time, •if she is busy at some household duty or. .neighborlyr conversation, she entirely forgets her request, What happens? The child under such conditions proceeds to de- cide natters for himself, and his motto becomes, "With mother, obey when it is convenient." Such a child soon demoralizes the children of the whole neighborhood. Last but of perhaps greatest con- cern to parents is the advice to settle with disobedience at the time; tally to -day's books to -day, unless some act requires a future opportunity for cor- rection, Just here let us add one more word on this important subject. Study your child and his disposition;. suit your corrections to him, and to the particular act in question. A eer- tai•n punishment may suit . one child and work main in the life of another. Perhaps the thought contained in the following verses by an unknown writer may help the mother to see her life work a little more elearly: "I too°lc a piece of plastic clay And idlyfashioned it one day, And as my fingers pressed it still,' It moved. and yielded at my will. I came again when days were past, The bit of clay was hard at last, The form I gave it still it bore, But I could change that form no more. I took a piece of living clay, And gently formed it day by day, And molded with say power and art A young child's soft and yielding heart, • I came again when days were gone; It was a span I looked upon; i;<e still that early impress bore And I coact change it never more." e Leaders., There are headers in all stations,. In all trades and occupations) Leaders great and .lenders small, But the farmer leads them. all; For the farmer leads tha feeders; Furthermore, he feeds the leaders, ;Drinking troughs should be probed-. ed. Whet- left open, fowls are apt to. , get, in the water attd pollute it, Huy thrift staminau.