The Goderich Signal-Star, 1983-03-30, Page 302r-
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Pteeittivelm,e:Mbgra4the.ClintoxiBratteb of the Canadian Caileet:SecietySare, lefttorIght,
Marion Peck, secretary; Freda. Slade, second vlee-president;''R,ita.pbon,, transportation
chairman; *00c1;Steve Brown, campaign vice;lehairman. Absent for :photo were Helen
Davies, presidentv'Colleen PhillippOreadurer, Gerry Holmes, campaign chairman, Mary
Murphy, commemoration; Carol, BoWher;,eihicatitin, and Donna Holmes, publicity. (Photo
by Joanne Thiehaiiiiii)
Wording
•makes
difference
How a nonlinoking sign is
worded ha.s".aii iffect on the.
likelihood of ceinpliance, in-
dicates -a Study which
describes the . effects of no
non-smoking signs, vs sharp-
ly worded injunctions
against smoking, vs more
pleasantly -worded signs.
The scene of the study was
the lobby of a United States
• Veterans Administration
Medical Center. The
"negative” signs said: "No
smoking - offenders subject
to fine" and "Hospital smok-
ing policy strictly enforced."
The "positive" signs said
either "Please do not
smoke" or "Consider others'
health, do not smoke."
Observations of the pro-
portions of people smoking
in the lobby under the three
different sign conditions
showed that while 29 percent
of those using the lobby
smoked when there were no
sign % this dropped to 11 per-
cent with negative signs and
to five percent with positive
• signs. Women seemedto be
particularly affected by the
more courteously -worded
signs. The proportion of men
smoking when faced with the
different signs dropped from
37 percent ta,15percent to
seven peicent. .M the same
Wile,. the proportion of .smok-
ing women. dropped from
eight percent to three per-
cent to zeropercent.
What's happening in Canada?
Yearly deaths from lung cancer -
per 100.000 people
1940
1950
1960
1970
Yearly consumption of cigarettes
per person over 1 5 years
1940 1.950 1960 1970
WHAT MORE CAN WE SAY ?
Iancer
Ca
.1!
kaglatinn
has been - teaee
ce 1947 and„wl4eh.. is
recognized00gnize0
C0114041R. age#00:*P-
PqA.PionlOgaVftfpAre.11
.-programs. 2' 114 .L;'40ta1.
researeb budget of $116 In-
stitute presently amounts to
•
more than twenty Million
dollars a year and it con-
tinues to increase in step
with the success of the cam-
paigns of the Society.
Although the 'cancer.,
r e h c 01441. 149j tY
already Provides an accoun-
ting for its activities m many
ways, there is a continuing
need to respond to pertinent ,
questions and the following
represents an attempt to
answer some of the most fre-
quently asked questions.
1. What has been achieved
by past research?
There are many facets of
the cancer problem which
require investigation and
these include prevention,
diagnosis, detection, treat-
ment and rehabilitation.
Since approximately one out
of every five deaths in North
America is still due to
cancer, it is obvious that pro-
gress in these areas of
research has been far more
limited than we would hope
for. As progress m medical
science continues, life expec-
tancy increases and the total
number of deaths , from
cancer will continue to in-
crease because cancer risk
increases markedly with
age. But, if we look at the
survival rate for individual
types of cancer we find that,
for some sites, progress has
been negligibly small while
for others great strides for-
ward have been made. For
example, 25 years ago most
children I,with acute lym-i
phoblastie leukemia would
not be expected to survive
for a long as six months
afte he initial diagnosis
was made but today many
such children are long-term
survivors' and there are
hopes for a normal life ex-
pectancy. Similarly, •it is
now possible to justify ex-
pectations of long-term sur-
vival for many patients with
Hodgkin's disease and two of
the standard forms of treat-
ment of this disease (radia-
tion therapy with iko-date
and more sophisticated ver-
sions of the Cobalt bomb,
and treatment by coinbina-
dtacorFt
itAtOPinent .1‘
nada The
forms that cancer ma
makespect thitatimrperoasiornae4W
made will b
either on a:1**i**
as an oyernight:,fleyelois7
ment. Rather do we an-
ticipate that individual types
of cancer will be seen O. be.
more and, more. responsive
as
as advances are made in
their treatment.,
2. Is, cancer increasing?
In 1932 the death rate **
. among Canadian Men*
forms of cancer was 174 per
100,000 of an age adjusted
population. In 1975 the. ccor-
responding rate was 227.4,
Yes, cancer is increasing in
Canadian men. In 1932 The
death rate fromcancer
Canadian women
was 213.4 for an age adjusted
population while the cor-
responding rate in 1975 was
165.3, No, cancer is not in-
creasing among Canadian
women and, in fact, the
death rate has decreased
significantlY., When we bear
in mind that the death rate
from lung cancer has in-
creased in Canadian men
from 4,6 per 100,000. in the
same period and_ the death
rate from lung cancer
among Canadian women has
increased from2.5 to 16.6 per
100,000 it makes us wonder
what the' death rate from
cancer would be like if We
excluded lung cancer. If we
adjust the rates referred to
above, we find that the death
rate for Canadian men for all
forms of cancer except lung
cancer has decreased from
169.4 per 100,000 in 1932 to
151.10 in 1975, and for Cana-
dian women it has dropped
from 210.9 to 148.7 per 190,000
in the same period. The
message is simple. If it were
not for lung cancer we would
be winning the fight. Even
this is not enough since a fur-
ther breakdown of these
figures reveals that cancer
of the pancreas in men con-
tinues to increase at a steady „
rate whilst death from
Icancer of the stomach has
decreased markedly.
Similar trends are observed
in the statistics' for cancer of
the same sites among
women and to these must be
added a major decrease in
the death rate from car-
cinoma of the cervix and
uterus which was 33.4 per
100,000 in 1932 and was 8.9
per 100,000 in 1975.
xmTip.
iroigh
2
snce so many tern*
• treated by shnplesu
• and's.j* they
roajor threat. t(
inOm comrnon :1
are the major
*40.111****
AmOrIcatiOki,
Lung s responsibl�f�r more, .
than three. ti.mes-
deatbs ascancer of any other
site . :ratio .COritinues
to increase. In Wonien, ,the
MOO common cause of death
frooncaneeffia-breastcancer
and it is responsible ,for more
than twice as many deaths
as cancer of any other site.
But this situation is changing
and, if present trends con-
tinue, cancer of the lung' will;
also be the Major cause of
death from cancer in women
by the year 1984:
4. Who is likely to get
cancer?.
For most forms of cancer
there is no simple genetic
relationship nor can we easi-
ly identify factors which
greatly modify our risk. Ob-
vious exceptions to this
general statement are
cigarette smokers whose
risk Of developing lung
cancer increases in direct
proportion to the number of
cigarettes smoked so that in-
dividuals addicted to smok-
ing two packets of cigarettes,
per day have approximately
25 times the normal'.risk.
Smaller but significant risk -
factors have been identified
in the case of breast cancer -
--- the woman who is Cauca-
sian, past the menopause,.
who had no children before.
the age of 35, who is
overweight and comes from
a family with a history of
breast cancer is more likely
to develop this disease than
her sisters who meet none of
these specifications.
5. Is cancer caused by
viruses?
The answer to this general
question is `yes's but it is net
easy to .give such a simple
answer to the specific ques-
tion ' of whether cancer in
man has been Shown to be
caused by viruses. It is a
fairly routine matter to in-
duce lenkemia in experimen-
tal animals by injection' of
viruses and it is also possible
to induce several types of
sarcoma and lymphoma in
these annuals. Similarly,
-' Turn to page 15 •
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