Exeter Times, 1898-5-5, Page 709.7RS A.ND COnlVfLfiN S,
The recent riot in 0.041baY rNalifi 0,4"
kfaktiOn ft6 the raivegee of the plague in
itbe second largest city in the nnitinit
fEMPire, and the diffitielties Iyhieb at-
tend ite exteTrainatien. The earlier ef-
ts mane to elebelt the progress of
tape disease throne:1i the peininsAlit seem
to have been largely sitrecesisfula but
in (Bombay it arrest was only tempor-
wry, amcl though, th.e pepula.tion has
been reateced oneetn,ird by alight, the
'donna -rate is now reported at aboat
1U-de1ect1 hundred per Week, To ins
i
ixt se ties diffictelties of the situation
th, meeSeree taken 1)y tbe British
riatborities. to stamp out the itnfeotion
--the ieolation of patients, removal to•
itals, exaMination and regist,ry of
es pirectal'iing buaial, ete,—are re-
,garded by tbe natives as an inte.rfer-
enee with tlieir religious faiths and
ideas of swan pronriety, Tlee latter
etre' not only -wtIling that tbe anthori-
tiles sbould en:farce sanitary naeasures,
bull deem et their duty to do so, and
mould submit without resistance to
temporary, Teinavel from the oily while
ill; was being oleansedl, perhaps, to re -
=ovular> e new site, or to the btianing
a infeeted dist,niets were fair ecimpens-
titian made, But alley reeand the in -
treat= of their: boteses by sanitary in -
?Vectors• the removal a the stair to
bospitale and inteirferenee with their
methods of disposing of the dead not
a,lease as an outrage, but as beyond
t Trinlat of triei,r fotreigat tellers.
le WeUinij Du
Marriagebeing a sort a grand en-
maeterie in the history of men and wo-
rnsn, itis not Strange that differen-
co of elinfate, of nationality, of 'eou,n-
try, or elven of surroandinge, snonld
make differesios in the cereMony, The
irietitution itself is really a prodaet of
advanced eivilization, for in the savageo
stele there is no suoh thing as mar-
riage, as the term is tinderetooa. by
ourselves, Savage tnarriages are not
based upon love; indeed, many savage
languages bone no words to express the
idea of love. Wben the Bible was tran-
slated into the Algonquin language
a word was invented to answer the,
parpose. The Calinoreire Indians known
as "diggers" bave to word to express
the idea et marriage, while the Hot-
tentots •of South Africa can net dis-
tinguish in their language between it
married end unmarried woman„ Of
course, such it laca as this in a lan-
guage 'is sufficient indication of the
papillar eatienation of marriage, and
depraved indeed must be the condition
of these people 'when their language is
thue lacking. Savages. generally 'take
an extremely low' view, both of women
and of the marriage institution Lew-
in says that in the most of India mar-
riage is merely a matter or convene
niece, and thiat the Intl tapes of the
Himalayas regard matrimony as • a
sort of necessary evil to secare the
Presence of e wansan in the 'louse as
the cheapest mane of having then
meas esoked.
After a savage nation bas progres-
od -beyond what sna.y be termed the
elements of savagery, endogamy, or
"marriage within the tribe," was pro-
bably the moat common style of ma-
tranony„ but when', from any cause,
there was it laek of women in a -par-
ticular tribe, recourse wait had to cap-
ture as a means of supplying the de-
ficiency, and thus exoganani or "'mar-
riage without the tribe," • became an
establithed custom. Exogteraie mar-
riage was first, of &mesas by capture,
and in its r,udest guise is still to be
seen among the Australian savages, No
other form of marriage prevails am-
ong therm The woman ie captured; by
foreenand so bru.tally treated that., ac-
cording to Eyre, tbe bodies of the wo-
men are frequently eovered -with
scars from the beatings they receiv-
ed trken stolen Crone then fathers'
hem.e,s. While of course, marriage by
capture is the Lowest form of matri-
mony, it can not, be denied that it has
its advantages, for the savage who
captures his wife separates her com-
he recent aicit which. ebanged Bom-
• a y iui a few tours fag= a quiet mini -
tali to a seething minaret' of insugrec-
Item, and necessitated the oalling out of
tv113.te troops and tbe planting oct artil-
lery on the streets, was precipitated by
the forcible removal of it woman to a
bospital. The Britisb authorities can-
not, of comae, abandon effort to ar-
rest; the disease without giving up one
reams fox their presence in India, yet
'they are elearly in it quandary as to
lbw to proceed, any course that may
be adopted' being open to objection. To
siraply abandon effort and let the pla-
gue run its course, throwing respons-
ibility therefor on the natives). tvould
be to shirk it plain duty; while to put
Bombay under military rule and kill
out all who resist the doctor's orders
would, even if successful, svbioh it
leight not be, greatly augment the
u.vaae betanere the Europeans and
eiaties. Another plan, that ef first
isequiring or the native religious teach-
ers what sanitary rul'es conflict with
thin religious faith and social cus-
toms, eliminating them, and then rig-
orously enforcing all others, would., of
eauirse, hugely- rename cause of fric-
tion, but might seriously interfere with
the effe,otivetess of the remediel
scheme. If the despatches may be ac-
cepted, however, this is what has been
WILL SELL THEIR LIVES DEAR.
Spain's Note te the rowers Istegaegulm she
'War 'With the States.
tie despatch from Madrid, says :—The.
Spanish Goverament onaloxiday sent a
eireuaar to the powers supplementing
Ses circular or April 18th, and expres-
sing regret at the "hard necessity .of
betng compelled to appeal to force ina
order to repel the scandalous aggres-
sion of the United States, and defend
the national dignity and historical in-
ity of. the fatherland."
°attuning, the tainular note' says :—
" Histo ry proen ts few ins ta flees where-
in the reason is so evident on one part
and the outrages so undisguised on the
tether. Spain has on heT side right.
correct; procedure, and prudence; while
the united States has on bar side only
dieloyalty and tb.e, impulse ot unlsridled
4130bitian."
After a reference to the "execrable
oonduct" of Gen. Fitzhugh Lee, ?the
note reproduces the text of the reso-
lutions. of Congress, underlining tire
last words; "as intended to deceive
the Cabana." la is thee predicted
that the tsland of Cabe will not be
declared pacified until "it is ready for
• aasnexation." Iferthermore, the .eote
gives the deteils of the rapture of the
negotiations between Spairi and the
United States,. concludingwith the
following declaration:—"The Spanish
people await, the attack with tranquil
sAceenityndecided to sell their lives
arid to defend energetically; then
"light to remain in America, eenficient
that in this weak they Will have the
eesistaeice of the Cubans,' who are
fapaelerds like themselves."'
as a, part of the weddizig. serviee, the
bride washes the feet of the isroeitt.
While eatenn certain.Xxidiat, tribes the
groom steps on e raw egg and the
South Sea, glanders the groom waligs
bride wipel• foot, naaniong 50015
over the bodies .of his wife's kinfolkS,
eeremony erableinatie o the viotory
forinerly won over them ere lie (tarried
oft his epeeee. Amoza the nleye it
was formerly the practiee for the
gneem to give, the bride e Wale as a
size ef her infesiority, wiiile in Saline
and, Baenaria to -day it is ciaetoraary
for the greaus to tap the bride liglatly
with his ciwn shoe. as a gentle Mat that
tie Posneoes the eight to tap her, morel
fcireibly if he elmoses to exercise , his
peavilege. The shoe is an eniblem, of
authority and is prominent in tae wed-
ding ceremonies of many nations. In
some parts of Spain the bride's elippes•
is carried before her; in Hungary the
father of the bride forminly pulls off
her shoe and .gives it to her husband
as e renunciation of his authority over
her ; the same idea doubtless originat-
ing the praetio now $o common of
throwing an old slum after the bride.
as she leaves ber father's house.
Among the Indians iebabiting the
western sbore of Vancouver's leltind
there is a curious custom known as
demanding the bride*. "The suitor is
escorted ty it great number of his
friends in some thirty or forty canoeS.
Nobody speaks for about ten minutes,
for these 'children of flatus's aare very
reserved, indeed. At last the visitors
ere requested to say where they come
from and what, is their object in com-
ing. Thereupon some man gets up in
his eanoe and haranguea the natives oe
the shore at the very top of his voice,
and a very. loud voice itis- His busi-
nese is to laud the would-be husband
in every.' possible way ; and this he does
by giving his name, his title end his-
tory, stating also the number ot his
friends and connections, hoping there -
1, -*/y to obtain a considerable redaction
'xi the purchase money. Then, by way,
of a first bid, the canoe is paddled to
the shore and it number of blankets
thrown out, This very small offer is re-
ceived with derision and roars of laugh-
ter from the bride's friends. 'They are
not going to let her go quite so cheap
as that; he must offer a great deal
more. The answer given is more or
Less equivalent to our slang expres-
sion, " Get along with you." Then arises
an orator from the shore, who speaks
an right gallantly for tbe bride, prais-
ing her virtues and describing her in told them to do anything." Among
the most glowing teams', with many a several African tribes, however, the
flowery epithet, until the original of- husband does not see his wife's face in
fer is considerably increased. All this the daytime mita after the bietle on;
oratory and barbering occupies a. good the heat child, not for more than it
many hours untie at last the bride is year is he allowed to visit the family
handed over, with nothing on her but
her undergarment, so greedy are her
relatives. The first present she herself
receives is it blanket."
TO FIOHT FOR THE UNITED STATES.
'
illitnedlana Attempt initatie a aerial/OR In
• CliieagO.'
A despatch from Chicago, se:ye! --it
committee compc•sed of G. A, Baynes,
late major of Montreal Garrison Ar-
tillery; sla. N. Campbell, late ,;if the
Canadian ItTillitia; and. W. a la Holmes
late 01 tile Queen's Own Rifles, Toron-
to, have called a meeting of Cesta,diane
who are In eyrnprit,Ify with the United
neates in the pre.eent, , war, and are
a:vviiiing to volainteer their services and
m
to forCatedian regiment, to as-
• semble et the. Sherman house tor the
eurpose of effecting an orgatization.
The olsjeot to raise It bse attaliocom-
posed ot Cenraliane, of -Whom there
are upwards of 50,000 in Chicago, ha -
tildes large numbers in St. Paul, Mixt-
neapolfs, ara e ties.
S.AME RESULT.
,rha „ntair knee wenn i8
very healthy; isn't it,t
No, it isn't so healthy; hut it is to
betel Eo Make '5 tit)1.11Lr there that to,
betty ran tiffai4tve•I‘e, sick, •
'Aden, frota aer people; be has no mo-
ther-in-law, that terror of civilized
matrimony, nor has ae a swarm of re-
latives to move in at the first sign of
"family affliction and boa,rci with him
until, the calamity be o-verpast., • It is
not strange, therefore, that in certain
quarters of tbe world, other that Aus-
tralia marriage by capture -should still
be the favorite method. of providing a
spouse. Among, the Turcoma.ns of Cen-
tral Asia •and the Abyssinians of Af-
rica the practice still prevails, and even
where the husband does not actually
steal. isnsawife ths forirt is kept up, in
some tribes being carried so far that
the husband visits his wife only by
stealth for a year after his marriage.
In New Zealand. tEae most important
part of the marriage ceremony is a
terrine mock souffle. Yates says:
"There was a little opposition to the
wedding, bat not tia it was over, as is
the custom here. The blades mother
came to me the preceding afternoon
and said she was well pleased, that her
daughter was going to be married to
Pehan, but tbat she must be angry
about, it, With her mouth in the pree--
eno of strangers, lest • the natives
some and take away all her possessions
and destroy ler crops. • To prevent
this the mother acted with policy. As
I was retureing from cburchewith the
bride and bridegroom she met the
procession' and began to assail us all
furiously. Sire put on the most ter-
rible countenance, th.rese" her gar-
ments about and. tore her hair like a
fury, then seal toi me: 'Hai, you, white
misSionary; you are worse than the deo.
; you first make a slave tan your
son by redeeming nine from( his mast-
er, then marry hini to my daughter,
who is a lady. I will Leer your eyes
out.' The old woman, suiting the ac-
tion to the word, feigned to scratch
et my face, at the stone time eiiying
in an :u.ndettone tb,at it was all mouth,
and that she dia not intend what she
said. I told her I would stop her
ineutix with a, ble,nket, She replied,
' That is all I wanted; 1 wanted to get
it blanket, ana so ;. made alt this
noise.' The whole effair went off re-
M.arliably tvell after this, all seemed
Snjoy themselves, and every one
was setisfied."
In Arabia, a reeollection of marriage
by eaptere is kept up by the flight
tif this bride from her husband's tont
to that of her father, thesee,vening mi-
grations being continued solemnizes for
inositha after her marriage. elven in -
Spain 2 rend may be seen of the cap-
ture marriage in, wine of the bridal
cei.emonies, After the vveoirig is over,
the groom goes on the night of the
wedding to the bourse of the bride, at-
tended by friends anal MUSicians, all
arine.d to the teeth. The house is illum-
inated, anode, gut -firing, races and oth-
or antasements, enliven the oecasiona
and at midnight the groom earries nff
the bride irt his arms, surrotinded by
his friends with draw e swords, and
persaed by the friends of the. bride,
also tvitla their weapons drawn, parry,
ing and terming and :shouting as though
• the battle were real instead of Tian
tines. Indeed SoMe WriterS believe, or
oittini to believe, that the honeymoon
15 it tette of the time when the groom
hia hilteelf for weeks aftin• the mar-
riage to evade the wrath of the, bride's
Cereinenies that bid/bete the sUbjee-
tam of the bride are comnion,.In Sava,
E EXETEIt TIMES
• 1
eers tne brines feenly all eCcount leave, the be tbrowe mein/v.11y pain
of the hrtdegroalia ern), a NM- Of hie pared. %nee ever tier aoeiselsaie bowie,
"eigletcheraeleersthe synebele tiee Wed Uebe elle throws Awl tbe
eotina /ale birth awl, tbe sunpoeed tern- tuather the cake gime the greater
ing Paints lu life.. If the. evariainta Snanaased to be aer feturei bappieeen
be favos.ably relaitatin, there ais 'ea- in _Holland. the geoone retietvee
Phangn of Oardetne britlea eigiat ehae- friends for seveTandlaye before the mars
aoters being sett to the bg9o? riae, providieg time% witls i.pecaliar
filmiest, together with !men persoeaa de- Itioa tit einee 'mown on the ierideat
tails. on inity be interepaing Or likelY tearS, and as a sort; of innacianiaMeeot
ProMelte Tbe eteirting a the approanbiog ceremony easteare
ts an esme, ate proxy, arid the aride- inaest fined with aWeetmeats ane Seat
groom does noteee tbe bride until ne to feientie a both) vextue.
has withdrawo the Veil irate ter face Mareitine among oue Sestoa foree
after tne eeremony, On tbe lantern wee quite a, foxtual perfoeme
ant day the brL4 s plaeett irt a itedan anee, and attexided by many teeanical
eita,ir with four beareen eeen with prooeedings. Tees cousent of the mural -
huge umbrellas proede ,atids betide of boro or worosten guardian. was Beos-
musae follow. The bride is borne In sexy. After this wan obtained the
tbe tense a her futnre buisband, tnere lover' paid the Media Or price demand -
the, twain Wership heaven and earth, ed for her; for uneorigi.the Sens the
and offer inonse together, to the lover was fercen to pity for hie bride
spirits ot their &parted anos- thetead of receiving a. dowry with ber,
tiers. It Is worthy'o not tbat eo SS Wood seys, it was quite on ad -
the bride is exPeoted to Weep profueely ventage for a fatale'. to aavitalle spin -
at stated intervals fee Use ten ille side of leis family' more namerons
anye preceding her 'marriage, and at than the spear eine. ales eontraet
every stage in the ceremonte in'olening made and, the dowry paid, the wedding
the aennangs a weeping," the,re is a itselt was private, end mien a the
prof 1128 discharge of fb..ecracaers. be guests isrought pets, genereily
night of the raaeriages the bowies of some article of use, th enanle the hep -
both the inte•rested parties itee illumin- py pair to begin boneekeeping iri re-
sted with lanterrie ant candles, end it specteble st,yle. Friends evarts. invited
great feast le mane for both femilies„ end eame armed, AO ad as an escort,
at which the bride and giraalm at to- least Some clisappointed 'Suitor ahould
together though out a sight of the steal aevity tbe bride from. the arms of
rest a tho guest.. The eentraeting hex nano. The bride was led to the
pa•rties drink tee oat" of the. same imp, altar by a, matron tun( followed by
a lienedietion is pearsounced by tbe maids of honor. niter the bride wee
Priest, and the wedding feast and res givsn. away the benediction was recetv-
joicings are prolonged during several ed by the /sappy pair etrinding Under it
days, while ceemeoniel calla between "care dotal" a• large equare ian�py
the familie.s complete the 'marriage fess- leeid by fain men. This: ears (sloth, in-
tivities. It may be notedthat in China dispenseble to the wedding, of a maid,
widows are at a disadvantage, fete taie was not so for the, widow, for .the par -
wedding'. feast of a widow may be eon- pose of the are cloth was to conceal
tinned during only three" days, her sed- the blusbes a the bride from the grin-
elhair las but two bearers, while ning attendaetsat the wedding,and the
that a the maid has lona; only the usu- widow was not mimeo(' to need snob.
al number of inkrunients are allowed Proteetion. Both the bride and groom.
at the marriage of it widow, the alum,- were crowned. witle flotvers, wreaths of
bunions are by no. means so profuse, whieli were kept in the church for that
nor is the rejoleing so entbusiastic, foe purpose, anct thebride's shoe was taken
as a Chinaman of Dr. Cunningham's ea- off and given to the groom, who gave
qualm taupe quaintly put it, "she have her ablate on the head with it, in take
bau,ohee marry already," en of his authority..
Marriage among the Mandingoes o In Wales there formerly was an
Africa is merely it regulated slavery. portant functionary at weddings
sayin "Husband and wife nevea• known as the bidder: The bidder was
talk or laugh together, I asked one why commonly an old. man Of the neighbor -
he did not sometimes make merry with hood well versed ia local affair's and
his wives and was told that if be did a. passable . rbyinster, who was sent
he would notate able to manage them, out it few days before the wedding to
for they would laugh at him when he bid for presents. With white rib-
bons, and flowers in his buttonhole,
he paraded the neighborhood, stoppieg
at every bonen and. reciting rhymes an-
prapriete to the occasion, followieg 1112
poetry by prose recitations detailing at
much length and. with great particu•-
larity the names of the people who
wouldbe present at the -wedding -and
the fine things that would be provid-
e& to eat and drink..
from winch she eame.
In Sumatra, there are tatree kinds of
matrimony, the first, in evbith the man
buys the woman the sgoonci in which
The Karens of 13arnsah have their Add the Wedding Dane
marriages at funeral feasts. When a the woman buys the man, the third
man of the aillage dies the body is bur- which the patties are on terms of
ied temporarily until arrangements canl equality. The first description of mar -
be made for a number .of marriages, riage is SO well known, aven among
then the lats lamented is disinterred, nations, boasting more civilization thou
laid out in state. and a general marri- the Sionatrans, that no. desoription is
age feast held in his honor, sometimes necessary, bat coneeruing the second
as many as 200 couples being united at kind of alliance isa ituntharity on East -
the funeral, of a distinguished chief, in ern matter says: "He is between a son
a wholesale ceremony, Paralleled only and a servant; if he does raiseinef, his
by that held in Paris in 1651, when 600 ;wife's family pays his fine; if he is kill -
couples were united on the same day, t ed they receive the blood money for
the girls all being dowered by thensun- him, but, what is ,more peculiar, all
be earns by his work becomes their
• Not many yea,re have passed since Property, and. if they get tired, of him,
they can send him away, without a
pay weddings were the fashion in one
country district of Germaey, every emit, as nor as when he came."
guest; paying for his entertainment as Marriage among the ancient Hebrews
he enuld et a hotel, the safe thus ivas a notable affair. The feast lasted
raised constituting the bride's .lovcry. for seven days if the bride were a maid,
in order to prevent secret tv-ecldings, fon three, if a widow, and. on the last
church door marriages have been prao. day of the festivities the bride WaSoom-
ticed in several countries, particular- deleted to the hero of the groom by a
ly in France, Germany and England, large paaty with music and rejoicings,
the purpose being, of course, to se- No better picture of an . oriental wed-
ellre the widest publicity to the mesa ding. even at tan present day, could be
rings. By fudal laws differences were given tban is found. in Christ's parable
sometimes made in the marriage cere- of tlhe ten virgins, fox at midnight in
monies as perforrnea for persons of an Eastern oity may now be sometimes
different classes or ranks in life. In heard the cry, 'Behold, the bridegroom
Crenbrook, England, one of the most usmetbi, some ye out to mot him."
neculier of these customs was to adapt Marriage ceremonies among , the
the ceremony to the craft of the groom, Greeks and Romans were substantially.
and to provide at the marriage em- the same, the latter having imitated
blems of his calling. For example, the former. A popular work on Greek
when 41, carpenter was married, the antiquities says: "The aetual marri-
church walk was strewn with shavings; age ceremony, or leading Mule, was
when a, smith was the happy person, preceded by offering to Zesue Taleias
iron filings and coal dust answered Hera,Teleia, AItemis Eukleia and otter
the purpose; a farmer walked on •
straw, a cobbler on leather scrapings
a butcher on sheeeekins. •-
deities protecting. meariage. lam brn"
The Ilindoo ceremony is exceedingly
long and tedious, lasting sometimes
during many days. ,The following
condensed aecount ;of itels presented
by a, writer on Oriental topics: "The
father nrakeit the proposal on behalf
of his son, which is always done, on
a lucky day; before a reply is given,
the bride's father pays a similar visit,
T1T,E 191Betif Or NitTfOtl.
SPAIN'S Two HUNDRED YEAli!',% OF
DisAsTER AN» PEFEAT,
01100. the Proudest or aiinens — tier etes-
sessteos ttave ,Olopeit Xrant Iter, °vie
by One, and »he recta Etter
Thor Century or Vniversai nietnientiee
Inas Stinnett Wine the liner ,etionint.
Ilbto cruelties,
Span 'wee never giox•ioiss; she tyro
for one (*eatery arilliaot in achieve
nient, bet the seeds ef her ruin were
an •then sown. TbeY wee araaltn,
bigotry, ignoranee. pride eeneutility
They bave ws'ouglet their work,
The original Spaniards of Iberian
stock were successfelly overeun by the
Roinalle, who lett them a lenguage;
by tbe Vislothee who bertheethed red
hair and fa.ir corartlexion to the proud-
est families of an otherwise dark mice,
and by the Moors, who at one title Leal
the entire peeineula, save it little strip
among the Gailettaxi /sills of Me north,
tenanted by the. hardy 'natives of
Basques.
SET THE WORLD ABLAZE.
snare to nroeine the -war len al -opt lk
Involved.
A despatch from, Madrid says :—The
general tone of the evening papers
'beers out the opinion last cableat thee
the war will be a, long one. As Senor
Silvela, leaner of the dissident Conser-
vatives, has said, Spain has already
lost the, iaateriat aavantages result-
ing froM the pessession of Cuba, but
ig ads, ar needed to boom
bad inedieines, Alzbcriley's
Celery -Nerve Cotrapaand bas
merit 0,xle to commend it• ;
beer Sirs: canesei pens%
• /eyes pastry -Herat noraveuiel, tee
• Wetly, Pete 1 tbieX Its teak atnI
reaterative qualities otu not tresur-
•posed, 1 vivo feeling ;poorly or
tame time terser% ovsrwora nee
• lanes 1 ltaet taken ette bottle et
Year usedionte, 1 felt coannetely
• Vetter. • Yours tray,
47 Tome $e, larenta Z. afortata.
Step by step the sturdy Spaniards
drove out the Moors, The job tholt
more thao 700 yearn Pela,yo, the most
respectable Spaniard in history, begen-
Win 718. Ferdinand finisbed it in 14e2.
Through all this time tbe Spaniards
were stead y, pasSionate, ° determined,
ignorant, cruel. These qualities they
have retained They were los cultured'
than the Moors, less generous and .in
telligent, more inteuse. •
They atained their brief century of
almost universal dorainion, when they
led in colonizing the new world and
subduing the old, witb the most ales
°minable cruelties. In less than a
hundred years their decline began. A
fatality seems to heve pursued them
ever since. ,
The downfall began. with the ruin
of the Armada. This magnificent fleet
was se.nt to conquer England. It rep-
re,sented the, most careful preparation;
it was so powerful that men called: it
" the invinsible but its high-sterned
galleons were buffeted and battered as
if the very elements were against them,
even as their torpedo fleets have been
battered this year.
There were ewougb left of its 132
ships and 30,000 men to apparently
overshadow- the nteglisb. But the lit-
tle vessels of Howard, Drake, eta. ITELW-
1613S, most, of them. privateers funnell-
ed by individual enterprise, flashed -
round their unwieldy hulls like sword-
fish, about it whale, and won-tlae great
fight bY superior seemauship. Spain's
force upon the sea was
NOW FOREVER SHATTERED.
There was no lack of courage on
either side. But the, horrid cruelties
of Spain had made all nnglish seamen
will fight to the last on the, question eager to see Spanish 'blood flowing in.
Q2 maintaining the flag, preferring to turn. The higher intelligence and the
fight Ameriee openly, rather than Am- cause of freedom were in the little
erica secretly komenting, insurrec- ships manned. by free sea rovers -that
tion. Tlae result of . defeat, Senor SU- dashed Spain's eopes and set her on
v'ela, says, will 0013° mean it loss of what laer four bundred years' course down
has tilrea•dy. gone, since Europe would hill.
Spain, pending the payment of war ba-
llot allow an array of l'aanPafinn ill Coincident with the defeat of the' Ar-
• . made was the effort of Philip la and
demnity. ,
astrously expensive to her, whatever
" a
Wevler of his day. He called harror
EithIStpeliaxLer-
dallillhye beC000nnaseersveiltetiavreerlieha,diterAmadedrsio:Toi"aist Aiallvwa,eotfbeerilannidesmat t:,absoltdsh
blundered into a war tbat Nvill be dis-
the outcome. The fault lies with the to his aid, but a breve people resolved.
jingo papers in urging American. states- to win freedom or die, faced him witb
men beyond. the bounds of reasoneble nigh courage. The 'Spanish Nether -
demands of good government for • •
Cuba America is justified on. that larads ceased to be Spanish in 1609. That
point, but not beyond int was blow No. 2 to Spain; it .wee an ine
The generea opinion among Spaniards estimable victory for liberty, , for Pol-
Me Nest. A. better balanced opinion., thought. Compare free Holland to -day
for freedom. of
le that America bars coveted Cuba from itiesa liberty and
with Spain, whieh e.nsia,ved her, and.
133013hant. t,
MB sees that agents the right was tri -
The 'brief period. of brilliant achieve-
teld. by a, feva is thee she wished ta se -
dal . bath was the seemed c"enaGnY" mire a bea.ceful an dprosperous Cuba,
'owing to mutual comniarcia,1 Interests,
.
hut that, this obtained, the American
.Gove•rnment meal not withstand. tle
'`jin‘go wa,ve" whieb has swept the coon -
loth bride and bridegroom bad to
go through peevious to their union."
,.The Romans lia,a three kinds of mar-
riage, a marriage by confarreatio, or
eating together; Marriage. by emptia,
and -marriage by usus, and the bri'de's ktna itis artn-vd that: bbn wad' Inn" be
cake of teed" is rein at the ikoman disasltrons to the true interestg of the
mea.rithg., by confarreatio,• when the United Eilate,s. Stain intends to pro-
brfidegtroana axedl b. is fritenctisigansittoboyitttho!
involven and the pewees are compelled
long it "until European interests ere
.among, both Greeks to intervene in self -defences or until
the Boman !Europe against Aiaglonenon dcaribut-
'lifter which, with great pomp, the othe bends of the bride.
er Parent accompanies his son, who and Romans flowers were used in ereata t•Ina exPeeted general conflagration of
makes gift; to the bride, one of which abundance at weddings;
is a piece of silk to be worn on the bride .was dressed in white, and her 'taten is linealia/ about"
wedding data"; his father then presents
Lour or six guineas with some betel
to the bride's father, saying: 'The
money Ls thine, and the girl is mine.'
'the answer is vice versa, and a Brah-
min repeats a, certain formulary,
which closes the betroilment. A lat-
tice -work bawer is now built in the
courtyard, an,d from`ten to thirty days
festivities are carried an, mon friends
Dalt and the interval sOnpent is equi-
valent to our reading oE the bans in
church. Offeringe are made to pro-
pitiate the god of marriage, and the,
young couple ride on elephants to re, -
t11111 their friend e visits in "the even-
ings, when firewerks end illuniinations
add La the pomp kept up in all con-
ceivalne ways. Tor fellir any evil eye
sbould have turned upon the lovers
during those evening processions, m
pile of. cloth, is torn in two in their
presencn and the piecee throwt away
in opposite directions; and on the wed.-
dingaltiy Brahmins arrange themselves
an it raised, platform, Serroended by
,ints of water, the, two largest. being
placed by the loverenand preyees are
offered up to bring down' the deity into
one of theni. eaten:id:LI firs is
then kindled, and oil, buttes., riCe, in-
cense, etc., are thrown into it. Tbe
neptiale are perforn3ea by a 13rinsmin,
who, at the 00116o:siert, breaks a cocoa-
nut, in ttvo, ana then Menne the ta,li,
or piece of gold, worn by all married
women, which placeil routd the,
bride's neck by tee bridegroom, Who
swears before the fie to take 0.11143
of his wife. All present, sprinkle rice
mixed with eaffren over the shoulders
of the !lowly eseetieil, and repeat pray -
• as they do so, which is their mode
of bestowing ;i benedici ion on en-
ters,"
In China, overtures to the mernage
are begun by the "go-between"' er
'mo teinnaker, who prOSents to 010 itterti-
,
'hair braided'in six leeks to denote the
six qualities-eobedience, chastity', Indus-
trY, do.mesticity, Itindnees, patience,-
whica, ahe must possess. • The use of
orange blossoms, fermerly
then forgotten, -ivies eevived. and
brolight, to the West by. the Crusaders;
in all Oriental cauntries tlhe, orange
blossom is, the einblem of , preepere
ens marriage. In .aeveral eauntries of
Ftirope rosemary is a bridal flower,
used to strengtben the rnernoey,
in England and S.cetiand spray of,
'gorse is NV01131(1. into the:arida,' wreath.
Iri Russia the bridal party is tornived
at the charch awe by the peieet, Tan -
,ere are gived 'thetas, and, the alfiaiat-
xng
elergyautil sea.ls them with the
sign of the eross three tithes on the
.7fotebeaa. A, procession is formed,: to
,the al.tar, where 'two rings are placed
ulpon the liarida of the pair, and. the,n
exchanged, file bride's ring going to
the groom, end, vice versa. :.The eoinae
are, then led. forward to a, eitriest plac-
ed before the altar, and tate moment,
they approach it Is a, eritictil, time, for
:Whoever etre/a first upointhe carpet is
Certain to nitee auririimacy in the- Isouscs-
hold, tlrowne Of sinter are pl.aeed, ape
ofr their beasla, and the cup of bleseing
is. first takee by the priest,n-lienriolxs
of it himself, alien Ineede it to the
tewly. Weadea pair. a: beneilietaire is
peeniourived, the tapers are extinguish-
ed end. tenet trom their hands, arid
graetinge eomplete .the cerernoty,
Araoti.g the Ilistriene the gueete ete
tene. the eettanotty atialisa to tile teeth,""
and. the festivities tontinite during
sevetentittata Atoll gli6it. is furniehea,
it possible. -with 'a, separate room; in;
Winds iS placed. a tub with water for
ber ttlYn.tiong. Presents to the brids.
etai groOm'are left in the tab upon the
departure of the guests, and when: the'
party essenible'bi yead frOntof
the 1,ottSe D1.1410'46 ot talcing their
Spain's determination to set the
Worin ablaze rattier than to witharaw
Drone ?the conflict dierhonored, is very
marked, •
• WiLLING.
. No, inanate, said mondering Mike,
l'm sorry, but Lt's agni my principles.
I can't split, no wood.
Well, she answered, there will be a
toad. 0! coat here thiss afternoon and----
aorry again, but I can't carry no
coal. But I'll tell you what I will
ao, I'll, coraproraise. [if you've got
a gas stove, I'll turn °Italie gas fur ye,
THE REASON.
Have I done anything to offend you,
dartieg/ be asked, brokenly. To -day you.
passed me without bowing, ami now
yea sit there Wiltn. 3311011 S.11 air of hau-
teur and pride: that—n
• George, iriterrupted the girl with en
unbending sir, but, in ber voice a, cad-
ence. sweeter than tunsic in the nights
I have a stiff neck,
snianneanneeensaaseassseaseseenneneessa
Ilis
Like bitemereise, daniepsie. beliatehe, coliste
ipanon poor stomacii, ledlgestion are proonalY
aaved lin Boone Pats, They do nine work
;amain eta thevoughte• .
,Ileat alters dither iltiliCt. Af' I s
tit' At. ‘T8Itta , Coe tewvell, elms
he Oral:Pin tit take wita Iloilo asitittparille,
,0040,
NERVE- PILLS
Fos,. WEAK PEOPLE,.
- At an Drogeiets, Price ea cents per Bare
or 3 for $1.3o. Sent by Man en receipt el
erica MILBURN a CO., Tomato.
EXETEB
TIMES re
OF Art
a blot upon the xtbseteeiath century.
Thereafter its history of 'disaster flow-
ed. in two parallel eurrents, slimes -
felon of convulsive struggles at hems
keeping step with the wresting away
of her eolonies one after another.
Take" first the wars at home. Ire 1820
there was it revolution, and. Ferdinand
was compelled to SNVSST fealty to a
constitution made in 1812. The French,
invade,d, Spain again in 1823 and again
quashed the constitution. Don Cerlos
kept, up a revolution from 1836 to 1840,
and in th,e latter year and in 1811 there
were rebellions in Madrid. Troubles
continued, and in 1843 Minister F,spar-
tern whose dictator -like attitude had
made bim hated, flea the. eouttry. A
succession of rebellions, sometimes suc-
cessful, more often not, followed. They -
culrainated. in th,e great Carlist upris-
ing of 1873-74-75. .
These troubles at home may in part
_explain why Spain's foreign posses-
T6Thrti CITclEt)11 s'°b-t tssdalny-Zehaeny
ter Raleigh as early as 1595. $r ---.-.
taken by France in 1677, freed from
venture came fitfully under Spanish
her by it great inan, Tou.ssaint YOu-
rule again in 1861, but broke away from
Spain again in 1865, "for good and.
all." The government of Hayti may not
be very civilized. It is a vast improve-
ment upon Weylerism.
Mexico, was long a' Spanish possess -
to rule her he was Austrian, not Span-
ba51aelduk.. madeSHE
herRE14rebellionLLBpLN
Nso 18steessful
Span-
ish, and a Frefloh army w -as at his
that when next a pretender assumed.
With Mexico went the Central Am-
erican states. Taey beenme independ-
ent of Spain in 1821; Mexico, in 1848,
ofThey,mextiocoo,. have . enade progress tinder
self-rule, but less remarkable than that
A large part of what is now the
United States belonged to Spain un-
til wells witbin this century. The vast
domain then known as Louisiana was
ceded to France by Spain in 1801, and
biny 1N82a0p.oleon Isola to the United
States in the following year. Florida,
was ceded by Spain to the United States
More people are now living on the
former Spanish possessions in this
sceolufmtry (lora. there are in Spain its
But it is in South America that the
vastest domains were taken from Spain.
Chili declared her indepe,nclence in 1810
rnent had brougbt Portugal into the ,
and It was conceded in 1818. Paraguay
Spanish dominion, In 1640, fifty-two
years after the downfall of the Armes and Argentina, the latter rapidly grow -
da ,Portugal regained its independence.
That was disaster No. 3. The fourth
blow fell when Hispaniola, betame Hayti
and e Freuch possession in 1677,
Still Spain was a great nation. It
claimed rnost, of the New World. It
was a mighty power. There arose the
war of the sueeession, to deteemine
whether she should be ruled by Aus-
trian kings or Bourbon. In that wan
Gibraltar fell into the Lands of Great
Britain, where it has reeaained, Span -
rarer; are mace storned to say, "Yes, Gib-
raltar is temporarily held by Great
Britain. But we have Ceuta." Ceuta
is the fainous military prison in Af-
rice-Snell is Spanish made. .
Caro in 1735 the cenquest of Nap-
les. There seemed. to be a momentary
revival of the power of Spain, Bet the
'clay was coming when the old order
was to puss away in every nation of
Europe and the might of this peeplet be
felt. This period was ushered in for
Spelt by war with England in 1762
ate egain in. 1796, Spein had nowl fall-
en to be a mere pedant,
A SECOND-RATE POWER,
Lor whose. alliance Preece and Eng-
land fought.
France won itt; first. There were
Spanish ships with. the French Deet
in the battle oa Trafalgar, and these
were beaten, bf couree. The final touch
of degrade tam came whentba lareoch
entered Spain in 1806. Tbey found a
foolish king, a silly prince, it corrupt;
anon, whoa lover, Goday, prectical-
ly ruled, the eountry. They forced
Charles to abdicate in favor of Prince
It'erdirtand,
Tbou folloWed it brief flash of the
old spirit, for the Speralarde aess no
cotviirds. The preen people rebelled.
They fought against Peewee, not with
brairis and orgaeitation, for they bud
neither, but vrith the deggged deter--
Mimi:ion of wi d hinia,ls at bay, It was
the period when the Maid of Saragossa
gave Spain s heroine like Joan of Arc,
Le devotion, if not in a.chievement.
NapOltent was in the en& driven out,
Vat it was by Wellington and*thet
tish Arniy, net by spa,Altb wit or force..
Spain Was restored to 14.1.-ing
and and went Om ill its bad oia wosi
bag into a great power, revolted, in 1811
and won their independence with blood
and saerifice.
The great provinces north of the
equator revolted in 1819-24. A great
man led thein, Simon. Bolivar, the hero
of liberation. Freedom was won for
those vast forest lands, which bane now
become Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador,
Peru and Bolivia.
As Brazil was Portuguese in its civ-
ilization and language, there was not
left on the soil of tlae New World the
foot of cioe Spanish ruler. The islands
or, the sea that was once the/ "Spanish
Main" are British, French, Danish,
American, 03' independent, with the ex-
ceptions of Cuba and Porto Rico, and
the former, at least, ie lost to Spain. •
cAs-r()R IA
Por Infants and Children,
Me ne-
n:ails
denten
1.teo
if OW
Oft/
WtfineP,
WOTUN'S HAIR.
It, ig now said that women's hair le
beconsiag more beautiful in color every
seer, and le also growing thiekee and
loegei. This is Bata to 115 doe to the
small, light bonnets that Women wear,
Certain it is that air and sunshine im-
prove the 0010r %Da teXtlire of the
bair. Sus lanaehes the hair, mad Vane-
tian beautiee anweye dried their ruddy
locks ill the sun, thereby getting that
tint so taxa et/initial ealled qatian red,
O eeisese, satellite will not bleaeh
blank heir, but it gives a deeper celer
to all kiwis of teeratett and, will bright-
en &Ill brown 1334t,
tnn4eAlirOlt,
alit Eta
, tittle
AMMO!)
o*
stay
ea *tarns