The Exeter Times, 1894-2-21, Page 3•Dsperate
irr One Ifunlred. British. Soldiers
Defeated Three Thousand.
13rave Savages.
nolnum,
Ooe of the mot thrilline eventin. the
history of militery coereme is that of Rorke's
Drift, weere Mae than one hunarea Dile-
ash infentry heia their groend againat and
ultimately defeittee three thalleand a the
holeyeet ited best-diseiplioed eevego 111King Oetyvveyo s armee
`During tee Zela ever a 1870 f.wo nouteli. Majors, awl houore were awerded to their
ants (Drumhead and Obarcle), with eighty: men,
Bin men under their command, were tient
out on a foraging expeditioe froni their
camel on the ButTaio River. Two days
later, laden with the spode of their raid,
they etarted back. While aeoending a. hill,
over which the trail ran, three column
each eompoeed of emblem then Ono hundrea
Warriors were seen following ap the spoor
(eek) Of the soldiers. .Against such an
agile and unencumbered foe flight was
hopelese. A plume presenting aome natuial
advantages for a stebearn defence having
been observe ,but a Abort dietanee back,
fil
the iittle pa retraced its mareh and pro.
Deeded to f fy it with the means at ita
eonune,nci, The peck horses Were killea to
eerve as the faudetion of a barricade, and
on top of them were tiered the bags of
n•iealies (African corn) with which they bad
been burdened. Before these crude de-
fencee could be entirely completed, the
Zules, necessarily merged into one column
of attack, owing to the defile through
vvhi h they were compelled to cherge, came
swarming up the pose.,
"Aim low'aecl pour ib into aim boys 1'
was the order, and pour it into them they
dicl. For several minutes the rush lasted,
yet not a man appeared to advance beyond
a oertain line. It wae like the horse in the
treaduill, who keeps contioually moying,
bat fails to gain a foot. Seib was with the
Zulus, for the quick volleys mowed the
head ranks down as though some mighty
scythe M giant hands was inivung with pen-
dulum regularity across the path of the 4:in-
coming host. Soon between the tint and
the enenay a new louder commenced to,
grow -e. barrier of dead and dying men,
up to which the marching companies ad-
vanced only to swell the grewsoine heep.
Baffled and amazed, the savage horde at
length swung back out of range ; but not
for long. There was not a warrior among
them but knew full well that Cetywayo
• would put them to the spear if they came
back defeated, so it was as well to die in
battle as to offer themselves a amitifice to
the contempt and passion of. their ohief.
• Atter a time those within the entrench-
ment caught the far away sound of sea
ominous murnteripg, which presently
swelled into the dreaded war -cry -
the song those wild warriors sing Only
when they march to victory or aunhilation.
• Then they appeared in their originel forma.
tion of three columns on the pada beyond
the mouth of the spass, their ox -hide shield
across their breaats,and their great sta.bbing
assegais (pears). ' id a little in advance.
So they came on .
en-
trance of the gii eh ; tben the two rear
tthey choked the ika'
columns halted, and the front one, oryitig
" Bidala umlungo I" (kill the white men),
°hawed. Those who reached the human
barricade threw down. their shields, through
which the bullets passed with ease seized
the lifeless forms of their comrades, and
je
continued tocivatice'sheltered from the
fire of the aieldeers by the bodies of the
dead. Many of the Zulus in this way suc-
ceeded in remelting the foot of the breast-
• works, but in order to leap the •same they
were compelled. to eispose themselves
to the deadly fire of the breech-
loaders, and although sever&I of them
gained the enclosure by vaulting over
the barricade, it was only to be impaled on
the glittering eayonetis that fringed the
wall. Again thwarted and amazed that
their ourege availed them not,the remnant
• of the column retreated slowlnand sullenly
down the pees, so ne of the Zulus halting
every few yards iti the midst of the fire,
which continued to waste them away, to
shake their spears at the little band.
"We must make this wall higher, lads,"
,said the officers, when the last Zulu had
gained the foot of the hill; "jump out here
• and pile these, bodies on."
There was no -lack of material, and in a
short time the barricade' waa 'raised se
high that anumber of the dead were thrown
inside to serve as a platform for the soldiers
to stand on and sight their rifles over the
top. ehortly after this the sun went down;
then the soldiers knew that they would not'
be again assaulted until the daybreak; for
ee the r7.... believe that at nieht the air is
suffering o dee esew ban pup to hie feet,
awing bie arie tlime, mud Welk boldly
Qi t on the plain. $1 the ooutlitiou
of their throes pi:maximal, 4 <Meer of
vietoxy ittui thaiikeigiving would 'game
elisatee the boWiderao Rarile's Drift. In
another moment eee entire gerrimin were
swarming down the Mel to plunge their
fevered fame Mt° the leaping, Imighing
watere thet speded amoug the roan.
It afterimords emmine known that the
Mame Zeta regiments eefetsted at Rorke's
Drift were fully equipped for a long °aeon
page, and were on their way to (Moak the
eettlenieuts of Pietermeritzburg end Der -
ban, when they one acreels fol1ow04
up the bawls, of tee foreging parey. The
two tiara fighe tea thieued their ranks thet
the orighme deeignW1 abautioned, and bite
whole Noted territory wee thuri saved 'rein
destructioe and tbe inhelateute from main
ammo, For their gallaut corideet M this
affair the two Malone wee brevetted
•
TASK OF A, LION
Patience and Iron Nerve lielded•
Animals Born hi Captivity Are Teo Stupid
Bata Training Should be lleguit at ala
Early Aze-Antsenable te- tear Itere
Than Anything,
Lions which are to be trained for par-
ferming in peblio motet be taken when
yoetag. Aboet nine or ten months is the
aeon age, tie the training can rarely.be
petted after they have begun to get their
second teeth. Lions born in captivity are
nearly or quite useless for exhibition pur-
poses, as they are generally very stupid and
lacking in spirit, the result frequently of
inereeding. The best lions come from Nu-
bia, and Abyssinia. The feinales are mach
more clever and teachable, but the melee
present the more imposing appearance, and
are therefore more sought after. The nate,
ural Ornotiou which the beasts feel toward
man is fear. Cousequently, tbe rt stop
in their education is to teach tiepin that the
human beings they see have no intention
of hurting them. Thia confidences being
established by familiarity with the trainer,
they are taught to wear a collar with a
chain attached. This is often a difficult
matter -to teeth, for the lions would kill
themselves if they were chained up, and
must be constantly watched until they
have become accustomed to the collar.
Having established in some degree at least
the entente cordiale, the trainer begins
with simple tricks teaching the beasts to
sit on a chair or lie in a certain position.
For this advance patienee and gentleness
are requisite ; the animals rarely fail to
show signs of temper at the reetraint, but
the ttainer gives them no peace until they
have realized that it will be better for them
to do whet is required. If a lion has be-
come too large and strong, the work is
doubly difficult; for if he turns out to be a
rogue, the efforts of the trainer may be
fruitless. On very rare occasions lions
whose training began at the age of two or
three years have been made into successful
performers.
SULEX AliD SLOW TO T,DAltiL
Lions are very obstinate antl sulky brutes
and their training is generally One of fear,
but they learn to detect the difference be-
tween hareh and kindly words ---a sign of
marked progress in their education. When
this is learned, and the animal has gained
some idea of obedience and is thoroughly
familiar with his trainer, the real work be-
gins. The lion's special qualities are soon
discerned and he iii set to learn that spe-
cialty for which his build and degree of
cleverness fit him. For example, the riding
lion, when about six menthe old, is put in
a cage next to that which contains his
special horse, and the two -beasts soon grow
acquainted with each other. They also
have a better opporturiity; for the young
lion ie taken when hardly larger than a cat
and made accustomed to the horse's beck.
Ones this is learned, the elaboration of the
performances is easier, but so much does
the success of the trick depend eat the
accord existing between lion and horse that
it has been found possible only when the
same lion and the same horse are always
exhibited together. In time the lion
grows too heavy for the horse and this per-
formanee then ceases to be in the lion's re-
pertoire.
• Although lions grow until they` reach the
age of 6 or 7 years, what may be termed
their prime of life is reached when they are
3 years old. At this age, however, they
are not yet perfectel in their training, but
still show tnafiy infantile traits and. seem to
lack the courage seenin the older specimens.
Experienced trainers rarely have any diffi.
eulties with their charges, for to a watchful
man, accustomed to the ways of the beasts,
they rarely fail to give a -warning of an im-
pending outbreak. They are always obstin-
ate said inelined to shirk their work and
full of elitists, and although' them are prob. are rather fitful in temper. This is most
..
ably the physical superiors of any oth'er
'race, and „endowed with a courage which
often approaches the sublime, darkness has
the effeot of forcing them to give full rein
to their superstitiops fears, and so they
gather in squads around their little camp-
fires, finding comfort in companionship.
• After '.1 night had fallen, the question of
retteaj as coneidered, but soon abandoeed,
for it as seen that to escape it would be
neces my to gain the opea country by steal.
ing down and out through tee pass that
was certain to be guarded • well. So the
brave company took a pitifully small pull
• at the precioes liquid in their canteens, and
after the sentries had been posted, stretch-
ed their exhausted bodict on the rocky
floor, aita with a dead Zulu Inc a pillow,
sougele rest that was to strengthen them
for th eesperate struggle on the tnOrrovv.
• 311abbelore the eastarb sky began. to pale,
the soldiers were, awakened, anti none too
soon; foe, thinking to take the garrison by
surprise, 'the Zulus ,were to be observed
oreephig up the defile, A belching lieu of
fire told them that 'theft, object was hope -
leen The ape was over an hour high before
they made their firet charge; themalthougll
• killed, wounded, and swept back, they
came up again and again, only to be torn
and shattered by the awful showers of
leaden hail poured upon them from behind
the bulwarks of their •own dead. Threugh-
ont the day every stormirm device known
to the Men" trained in earnage was adopthd
by them, but without success; and when
the second night came on, the Zulus could
eount the cost of their desperate valor by
the hundreds (if men who carpeted the
OD
An Association Formed, Wliose Ob-
jeet is to Improve Ontario
Highways.
noticeable when they have 'fie'en too well
fed, for then they object te being disturbed,
and if forced to work are "nasty." They
are more obedient inecool weather; It is
found also that they are apt to sulk if called
upon to perform too often. The secret of
suceess in training is eye- in the diet and
general condition of the creatures.
ThAXNERS 11:070T XEDP COOL.
The use of the whip varies among differ-
ent trainers. The long lath is used wimp
working at a distance; some -trainer* also
use prongs or bars. The- great requisite,
however, is confidence. Several trainers
have been killed because in a moment of
danger they were seized -with trembling in
their limbs and could not Piave themselves ;
once down, with no help at hand, their
position was utterly hopeless. Others have
lot their lives from lack of experience.
They have been men who did pot take up
the work from a liking of ie, and so were
"hall dead before they entered the imge."
In the harnessing of tee trio of lions to a
chariot, Mr Darling, the noted trainer,
frequently findsome difficulty. The lions
do not like the operation and often get
tangled up in the harness. While exhibit-
ing in this city one of the lions jumped oto
his back as he was atranging the llamas of
another; the audience. isereamedt but the
lion was only playful, and immediately
sprang away without hyaline inte.
•
ow Mood Moaele *My ante
Should letesa
'floe
Ai) tio meetin inst week In Toronto or atiotodAtifi:htafi4ettionerentioreieeewin.oeuill nnoliticilimveeeeseurt • 'tee liats:leinenetenprYeinr ttebitheooenarnitYry,demererenf
most important and
eh will saciebtlees Imoome a Je a track over the ewe to the north, England, elahned high salaries at the the -
TOM, Me OVA lady interpreter in
twhae‘aRfooratiniQlowfoirlrei Conventimmen aseooletion meeee against a violent defender, There cethariee
ing "'mimed altogether pi preatival atria. meal tem serve ma, a Jane reeeeb, nbeel ittellrianblyLiou'vee°r1II3,10401101Pfioeridaan'eSeliolseodnr,°eveicd°an;
ers and others interested in the iMproeet could he defended, To the south of h
eel inetituthlin, he' sometimes waled the Tartara Pam,
merit of Canadian roitele.• high term° in 1708. At the seine theatee•
one time ems singing for $100 a nig t -
the pate the parallel Bezeer Valley offers
Mr. A. Patella, of Woodateeln was 1an alternative route but it le accessial taeenteaelX Years later, the great ganger
gleaed ilr"""" et the new A,seeciationi from the Jellellabed basin only by crossing Farlaeln, during the three years ho °Pent
the impedance •of the sitlajeet, mid upon in Landon, though his salary was hut e7.,„
and after a few preliminary' remarks as to a high ridge, Mad ought not to be available
the reads of ansisstAdmes, patteno, ageieee wiae,eweee eppmeue. A vi8,, 500 a season, earned at least$25,000 Yearly,
referred to the 'morale now being aWair*
oiled in Canada, and the existen omit present
of a eyetemetto and. Orgauized agmetiee,
leerily to seams general and practical
reoults. The Provincial Goveroment has
publithed a bulletin on the topic, the press
bee teemed with articles, and vedette
bodiesheyeexpreseedinterestin reform, Oiir
neighbors in the United ;Metes, have, how-
ever, aurposed Ontario in the matter.
There the question is alike nationel, State
a,nd local, and a petition has been proem -
ed asking foie a Road. Depa,tment in con.
neaten with the,nited. Seates Department
9f Agriculture, while there is a Notional
Road Inquiry Bareau, under charge of Gem
Roy Stone, au intelligent end enthueias-
tic advocate of the cause. Other institu.
tions and organizations exist for the same
purpese, Fourteen States of the Union
have recently passed new laves on the sub.
ject, and others are miming in the same
direction. The Americana have gone to
work, as well, and have in many places
made good roads. Essex County, N. J„
has in 25 yeare spent $1,70 1,000 on roads ;
Union County,- N. J. in one experiment
spent $350,000 in ma.ciLamizing highways;
Staten leland has spent $301,000 it the
some way. In these the work done has
paid for itself.
AS TO STATUTIl
• The present system. in Canada is that of
statute labor. It is a system which may
have done well enough in the old pioneer
days, but which hes long outlived its use-
fulness; and should be modified at once, In
time it must be replaced by more rationed
and intelligent inetheds,and a more general
system oapahla of producing good .results.
The delects of the statute labor iietatem are
that it placemsework requiring skill and am
parlor intelligence under the direction of
those who may possess neither, and weo
seldom have any epeoial training for such
• duty. For his law budiness, for his barn -
building, for medical treatment, for his
cheese-making,e. farmer employs competent
experts; for building his roads, over which
he must dram his family and take his produce
to markenhe places his work lathe handsof
those who know nothing of the principles of
road -building, and whose appointment has
usually more reference to munMipal poli-
ties than to their fitness for the place. A
second defect is that all the work, of road
making and repair is usually done in about
one week, and. during the worst partof the
season, about the end of May or the begin-
ning of Augast, when in many ,kinds of
soil the around is so dry as to make
grading difficult or impossible, as well as
more expensive and less etieetive than in
May or early June. • Statute* labor is worth
less than 50c a day, and. is often worse than
worthlees because of the beam done by
ignorent nathmeeters. Is it not folly to
have labor worth so little done in July,
when a farmer's time is worth $2 a. day?
Hswever, he wouldnotabolish the system.
until there is something better to take its
place; and vastly better work can be della
on theemerage under it and especially by
using the power rnunicipalitiee have of
commuting ie The question of supervision
is the important one, as is that of con-
, .
Muttons repairing and maintenance.
OJITA
¶rh rnhyb tie loriger
to moveineot. Tha e to ebe leritieb en- Remus IIA tli r t Moire
gineere, whose rod ie exeelieut, hairline ne e ti“" '
grade geeeper thee 1 iii 00, 4 lady'a broug- i littule 1)5' 1/1"61r "1'4'
,
ham 4ien drive froin Peshewer to Landi The aroetinte th%t live bee4 Pti'l e
Xhana, Xit 0, military geese the patio te femous eoprenos, tenors contraltcee and
(meta The gorae At Ali esmeim cam the beams thee have empeeredfrein time to tante
defile Layout 0904 be hem am p, long time 8,b9VO 010 Tnizoicot horizon (ulna well-nigh
bY A anlall force againet an arinY. Sir Sam fainloee, am) aro not a little intereeting to
. lees f 1 (1 -e el front, 04,140k eausider, Te go beele to the eerly days of
During the day the sfeldiers, driven to it
by the scorching heat, had consumed the
little water remainieg in their canteens,
and now another long night wee to peas,
without a drop 56 tnoisten their parehed
throats mid eraked and bleeding lips.
"Lieutenant," said One of the men, "let
me go 0,,la try to fill a few cantemie.
may got through, and if I dolt' b-why,then,
know I've done my duty."
"No, Om man ; if we're to the, We'll all
dM together," was the Waiter he received.
At last the morning tante, and. wore
aveay. Were the wily etwages playing pos-
sum anion the rocks, hoping by stratagem
to gain what their courage bad not boon
email to? Did they expect the soldier% to
believe that they Mid raven up the fighb and
left thern to melte their way back to camp
in safety'?
The micaarlm sem so near the zenith thrit
it failed to oast a. shadow, ehob down ite
barging arrows epee the devoted band,
Mimeo bloodshot ere kept watch behind
the made bodies of, their foes, One of the
nem rnotieriedeafot spade Whe tiat peesible
-that he 001.114 0,44p 4 vtiii
.. 'teem:eta
Where the Sea ie Transparent.
The sea is extremely transparent in the
neighborhood of the Bermudee, theta Brit-
ish posseasions which aro situated in mid.
Atlantic. The traneperency is so great that
the fiehetmen luove no difficulty in, eeeing
the horns of lobsters protruding from their
hiding planet -at considerable depths. To
entice theee crustareemas front their orannies
they tie a number of enaile ie. a ball, and
daegle them. in front of the eautious lobster.
Whoa the bell ie seized tile lobSter is haul-
ed up. Theee islaieds are cotripasea of blOwn
coral sand, and in the proximity of enrol
formatiohe the tea is usually mote trante
parent them eleewhere. In the tereet Indium
%man, objeets may be elearlyeeen at a depth
of 150 feet, and in the Aretio Oeeen objects
are visible at eather more than Intif that
depth. Obsetvations oit the questiott of
trantparetcy tlie wenn earrounding the
fairish Itilee, merle under the entshority 01
the l'ishetyBoerd of elootland, %showed that
the depth of -visibility depends upon the
atnount
el sunlight partly, and partly upon
ilisarnOnlit of eueporided metter in the
wetor. 'the teaeon of greatest, tainfell end
most frequent eboarrie felling in the low mut
temas to diminisai tile tratopereney
of the 505., teed the greater dryness and
• daltunetani the eturinnie teeth' tti leen:Ana
$114tw
Aigey, erste erom the greeter hoa. ess 4.1 'Ire() L..tVA
oroue defeoce, with the tribes In its favor,
would. close the Khyber range +molest any
advance in either direction.
From Prishewer to Jellellebad is eighty
miles, and from Jellellabad to Kabul an-
other ninety miles. Every mile that the
railway could be garde,' beyond Peslotwer
mould bring Indio., in every sense, nearer
to Kabul. The goode which, at present,
are earried 170 miles by camels and mules,
would be indefinitely multiplied when
drawn by the locomotive. The Mans to
whom the British arestrengem wouldget to
know them and become friendly. The
Amor end his people would have a better
chance of understanding the Indian Gov-
ernment. •
These advautagee are apprecieted ±11
India, and theKoyber couetry bus been
reecienoitred for a railway line, The pass
ie not agood route, as the dement to Lanai
Khana is too steep for a railway. 'But
moderp eogineers would make a line along
the gorge of the Kabul River, which pier=
oes the range and by following its course
an excellent roate mon be obtained, free
from &ode, with no gradients above 1 in
200 and en extravagant tunnels. The rails,
once laid to Dakke could be orried oo
along che plain without difficulty to Jell.
allitha.d.--fThe Nineteenth C 071tury.
Englaad's Greatest •einemy.
The oue formidable enemy of Great Bra
Min is Russia. The recognition of thia
obvious truth does not of itself iuvolve rimy
censure. It is the reeulb of a natural law
which has been repeatedly and emphaticelly
recognized by th,e Governments of India
and of Russia, as well as by our military
and naval departments, To fancy that the
two empires can thrive and develop in con-
cord and amity is to treat that the egg may
be hatched and the chickens grow up to
hen's estate without ever breaking the
shell. Russia's appetite for land is as
insatiable as Eeysiohthonti hunger for food.
The story of her advance in Central Asia
during the last (mailer of a century is the
record of broken thacenises, violated treaties,
deliberate deception, and every known
category of double dealings. To hope to
stay her further progrees by jourmilistio
eloquence or diplornetic teat is about as
reasonable as was Mrs. Parting ton's attempt
to drive out the Atlanta: Oceanwith a mop.
We have placed implicit trust in these
commendable methods for over twenty-five
years with • no better results than the
sharpening a aur wits, the blunting of our
territorial appetites, and the deepening of
our insight into the unexplored labyrinths
of human casuistry. m
Even Russim's Radical friends in England
candidly admit that it is hopeless to at.
tempt to induce her to content herself with
her present frontiers in the East And for
the best. of possible reasons. Conscious of
her Modeling missies', she has oast her
bread, upon the waters, and is determined
to find it after not too many days. During
the past forty years she has annexed 140,000
square miles and 3,500,000 inhabitante-a
barren conquest which in ten years (from
3868 to 1878) resulted in a deficit of no less
•than 67,000,000 roubles. In this new ter-
riebry there are vast desolate stretches of
wileerness where, on a march of 437 miles,
camels can only twiee get water to drink.
Now, is it conceivable that Russia should
squander money and. blood for such a
ruinous possession unless she regarded it as
the stepping stone to something else? And
what is the final goal, the Ultima Thule,
but ?
• This is neither a rhetorical exaggeration
nor a false alarm. It is candidly admitted
by the highest military authorities an&
politieians in Rassia; it is constantly before
the eyes of the Indian Government ; it is
looked forward to with fatalistic resignation
by those Russophile Radicals at • home,
whose influence upon the forelgu policy of
Great Britain is either far oo little or far
too great.--1Lanin, in the Fortnightly Re-
view.
GOOD hOADS PAY.
It is untrue that a proper system would
be unduly expensive, Mr. Pattullo said, for
bad roads cost more than good one. • In
Great Britain the saving of good roads is
$25,000,000 a year ; Massachusetts loses
from s5,000,000 to310,000,0)0ayear through
bad roads; Illinois is computed to lose $16,-
000,000 a year from the same cause ; the
cost to the United States of its bad roads
is said to be $250,000,000 a year. Good
roads in the United States would save
000,000 draught anfinals, worth 8170,000,-
000 and costing $100,000,000 a year. Fur-
ther, in rnany comities in the United States
10,000 animals are kept idle four weeke in
the year through badroads, at a cost of $70,.
000. In the whole United States it is es-
timated that the 50,000,00 of drught ani-
mals bre kept idle long enough to lose $15
per head in the year. In Ontario there
are 350,000 workimr, horses, and at $4, per
head loss of time through bad roads through
the year -not a big rate --the total loss is
enormous; and Mr. Pattullo thought the
loss far greater them this estimate. Then
there is the loss in injuries to horses and
vehicles. Take the cheese industry. There
are in Canada 2,000 cheese factories, and
the cost, to each of hauling milk, whey and
cheese is probably. $1,000each, or $2,000,000
a year for all. Good roads vvoulte reduce
this by one-fourth, or half a million tnore
-profits would accrue to the cheese industry.
To attain similiar savings .England pays
s20,000,000 a year, and VranceSI8,000,000,
while Italy, out of her poverty, has spent
$16,000,000 in five years.' The cost of bad
roads is in excess of them for good ones.
itEEP 14170thDDRS -AT DOM. .
Farmers have employed engineers to
excellent purpose to construot •municipal
drabars, and they could use the engineering
profession on the highways. Ontario edn-
eates engineers and surveyors at great ex.
pense in it national institution, only to see
thein enter tesi service of other countries
for watreof vvorle in their own land. If a
scheme of road improvement is followed up,
these men would be kept at home, and give
the Provaice some return for the outelay
anon them, while adding millione annually
to the profits of agriculture in the Province).
They might be mild° ter usefal ae are
architects, At the same time, the Chair-
man stated, ae would not advocate the
system of inacedamizing roads dyer the
whole country, since the immediate cost
would be too much. a The leading roads,
where traffic is heaviest, should be
macadamized, and would serve 58 °bleat
lessOnin bet well -made gravel roads would,
be sMod enough an some time to come, and
even mud roads can be so improved as to
anal er the purpOSOS of light traffie. And
in GonoliMital Mr. Pattello claimed that the
rnovemeht is in the interests of tlie ferment,
etd eliould result in an organization, witla
elear dad welI.defined aims, Such an
organization ehoeld get information, shottld
keep up the work of education,. Aegis].
interest the Depertment of Agrioulture,
g,et GoYernmene aid, and guide the course
of legielation. The question is one of the
utnmet importatme and deeerved the
attention of all.
for at but one ot bit numerous exp.erieuees
at court the Prime of Wales gaymitha a
.fine wroughe enuffebox, ripely mit with die, -
monde ad ruble% in whith was eqesed "a
pear of diamond knee buckles, am else a
mune of 300 guieees." Later in life be am
opted an engagetnent at the 0 rt of Spain
at a %salary of 050,000 fratice 10,000) per
annum. Two years atter Fade Ili left Lu-
au the other great singer of. the tiro°,
Ceffarelli, appeared at the King e theatre,
but did not fulfil the expectations be. had
railed, though at Venice be received $1,
040 and a benefit of $1,675 for a season of
three monthe-higher terms than ns4 pre.
viouely been paid to any !singer.
In 1768, Gabrielli, one of the most beau
tiful of women encl magnificent of eopra.n
os, demended 5,000 ducats ealary front
Latherine If? of Russia. The Empress
objected. that it was larger then tbe pay
of a field marshal. "Thee let your field
mersitals sing for you," retorted Gabriella
as Callarelli lied replied before under like
circumstances, •
That phenomenal mamma°, Agaja,ri, was
in 1775, .paid $500 aaught, for two songs at
the London Pantheon concerts -am Manense
salary in those days. About thirty years
Iter Catalani was receiving some $15,000
for the season in Portugal, and in 1806 she
came to London for a promise of $10,000
for the semen from September 15 to Aug-
ust, 1807, with a further sum of s500 to
defray the cost of her journey to London,
and one benefit night free a expense.
As a fact, however'she drew from. the
King's Theatre in theHammarket $25,000,
including benefits; and her total profits in
1807, with concerts and provincial tours,
were $83,500. She once received $4000 for
singing "God Save the King," and "Brit-
annia" ; and for her • services at one
feetival she was paid $10,000. Her
charities1. however, were innumerable,
and it is eatimo.teri diets she earned at
least $400,000 at concerto for auch purposes
alone. As an instance of her realm+ ex-
travagance it is stated that the cost of beer
for her servants for a single year, amounted
to $515.
. Malibran was engaged by Mr. Alfred
Bunn for nineteen nights at $625 per night
payable in advance 1 Singing in Drury
Lane in English opera in 1833 she received
80,000 francs ($16,000) for fotty representa-
tions with two benefits which produced not
lees than 650,000francs ($10,000.) Two years
later', at the -opera in London. she drew
$10,875 for twenty four performances. Such
sums were paid to her at the English prom
mcial festivals as had never before been
heard of ; and at La Scala she received near.
11$90,0t0 for 175 performances.
•Extraordinary Surgical Operation.
The advance of surgery can furnish flrg
more singular illustrations than is supplied
this week by an operation in on,e of the Lon-
don hospitals, whereby the breast of it, black-
bird was fastened to a wornan's face as a
embatitute for her nose, which had been so
•'imaged that it had to be removed. The
woman, who had been a housemaid in a ho-
tel, had been struca in the face by a des-
cending lift, which caused the injury that
led tri the operation. First of all the doctors
eocleavorerl to patch up the damitged organ,
nf nts
"Cinitoriale so well ralaptedth Meldrenthat
recomatenct it as semerler tea einTinemieenlialee
knowe to me." S. Amenotten, ief, De
111 50, Qsaora 55., Drool:Mee 21. ea.
"She use • or iCeseeria • is so uutiereal and
merits so Well latown that it xeeran u WOrk
of supererogatiorvte endorse it. Few are*
intelligerit families who do not keep QuatOrla
vrithiu easy reach.”
CARTaOS 4Lkti7114,
New York City.
Late Raster EloomingdaleBeformied Chureb.
nd Chit
Caistorhe came Colic, Comelpittion,
Sour Storneoho Dierraces.,FalliatatiOal
Worms, irive8 sleep, *nob premetta 41.
gotiom
Without iteurioue ruediciatioa.
For meerel years 1 Mom recommeudea
your Oastorla,' and shall alwaye continue to
do 008,s i5 hes invariably prodataeri beneenial
readt.Z."
EDWill F. Tenote, t, IP,
11The Winthrop," 125th. 61igeet awl 7th Aye.,
!Tow yelir Cit
Ttn% atiTAtra CONZ4147, rt lanitaav STRIZET. Maw Mona.
niisitnewimmiesz=====,.*Moi
In 1838 Mario was offered. $300 a month
for his first appearance, though it was, of
course, largely the result of his romantic
history. Albones salary at Covent Garden
in 1847 was raked from $2,500 to $10,000
the day after her first appearance singing,
as she was, against Jenny Lind, at the
opposition house, Sontag was paid $ 30,-
000 for I season of six months at her Ina-
jesty's Theatre in 1549.
Rubini, who linen his career at 13 years
of age by singing, Inc five francs, an an in
a new drama by Larnbeti, made immense
stuns later in life, realizing $10,000 at one
concert in St. T'etershurg, Unlike Mario
and Mara, who both died in comparative
poverty, Rubini saved large sums, and left
• behind him one of the largest fortunes ever
amassed on the operatic stage.
Jenny Lind was naturally paid enormous
sums inthe course of her brie:I:Thant career.
During a, tour of two years through the
States, commenced. 101 1850, she matte
$100,000, gainiug a husband as well.
These pecuniary traditions are adequate-
ly preserved by at least two present-day
singers, to whom a hundred or two for a
concert is an ordinary sum -Mme. Patti and
lime Albaui. It is ourrene knowledge that
the usual t,erms of the former are $4,000 per
concert in London and $2,000 in the provinc-
es. Mine. Patti lately refusea an offer of a,
tour in Brazd at the remuneration of $6,000
a night.
Fairly handsome salaries are paid also to
leading artists of the Vienna opera. Herr
Winkelmamn, a tenor • who appeared in
London in German opera some years ago,
is paid, 26,000 fiorine ($8,125 ) for a season
of nine months. M. Van Dyke gets about
21, 000 florins, but he ohms only seven
months of the year in Austria. Frau
Materna, who is seen to retire, to be re-
placed by Frau Klafeley, gets the same
amount for the whols year, and Fran
Schluger, the dramatic soprano, receives
20 000 florins per annum. The tenors
may be avoided. It comes from a germ thatjakes
root and grows only when the System is Weak and
Lungs are affected.
-Ws Emulsion
Nreeneikelinente alinenieffilareeillenailleniMiegiteilSORRIF
of Cod-liver Oil, with hypophosphites of lime and
soda, overcomes all the conditions which make con-
sumption possible. Physicians, the world over,
en -
endorse it.
- Coughs, Colds, Weak. Lungs and Ernadation paye-
the way for Consumption. SCOTT'S EMULSION (.'.4res
them and makes the system strong.
• Prepared by Scott & Bowne, Belleville. All Druggiets, 50 cents and $1.
,
NEURALGIA,PLEURISY,SCIATICA
CURED EVERY TIME
AND RHEUMATISM
war "DAV:MENTHOL PIASTER uno.
40 Thousands a Young and Middle Aged men are annuany swept to a premature grave
EAK PERVOUSgDISEASED NiEir
V
th.,..agia early indiscretion and later eecemes. Self abuse and. Constitutional Blood
Diseases have ruined and wrecked the lite of mare, a promising young man. Have you.
any of the following Symptoms: Nervous and Despondent; Tired in morning; lio Ambi-
tion-, Memory Poor; 19114,5117 Fatigued; Poteitable and Irritable: Foes Blur; Pimples on
the Face; Dreams and Drains at Wight; Restless; Treggard. Looking; Blotchee; Sore
Throat; Hair Loose; Pains in Body; dunken Byes; Lifeless; Distrntstful and, Lack of
Energy and. Strength. Our New Neraorl 2taereeseritWgi build. you. up mentally, physically
ad.nsexually
ChasPatterson. . .
fim What - i
Read 1111S KENNEDY &KEPGAN Hav8
-I Dune.
bait the sopranos. Mlle.
out patiene; but a cure was notbeing effect= thus get more t
ed and the nose in its patched condition was Zelie of the Theatre Lyrique at Paris,while
of no use. - The doctors resolved to try the
experiment of giving her a new one, and
accordingly a, blaokbird. was killed, and be-
fore its body was cold its breastbone was
applied to the woman's face, and what re-
mained of the skin of the old organ was
drawn over it. The operation has proved
perfectly successful, with every appearance
of the woman being provided with a useful
nasal appendage, though howit will perform
its functions when the cure is complete re -
mane to be seen. Foreig mantel substances
have fov a considerable time been occasi on ally
used to supply defects caused by injury to
the human frame, and have generally taken
quite naturally to their new use. The pre.
sent experiment is ingenioes, and was well
wath trying, even if ultimately it proved
a failure.
Bratitiau Diemonde.
Tho discovery of theee preclota stearin in
1740 proverl A great curse to the inhabitants
on the bankt,iiif the diamond rivert. Searoc.
ly had' the Uwe of „the discovery -reacher),
the Government Ord they tried to scours the
rioheis these them% for the Ctown. To
oiled Meal theinhebitante Were &form away
from their homes to wild, fite.away placeii,
and dePtived of their little possessient.
Itany ottheoWestrielied, etit some 'Were he.
iteW VAX. 16..ggf..W.Le.geba
NVoiseley on Napoleon. •
In his miner on Napoleon in the January
number Of the Pall Mall Ma.grizitie, Lord
Wolseley declares that the great blundet
vvhich the Corsican made in the disastrous
Sussiam campaign was 'his misconception
of the Cray's character, "Thio is 4 ourions
fact,"he adds "Inc Napoleon knew him
well, and had numerous opportimities for
gauging his ability, temperament, aims,
and what were the strongest forces that
ivorked within him Da influence his actioes.
But, although I believe napoleon to have
been by far the greatersb of allegreat men,
he has aleveys streclanas as having boon a
bad judge of charaeter. Like Maim other
relere mut generals, lte did tot °ere to Sur=
round himeelf with very olever or brillitorit
singing at ooneert in the Society Islands
in the course of a tour around the world,
was to sing an air from " Norma," and a
few other songs and bargained for a third
of the receipts. She found that her einem
consisted of three pigs, 'twenty- three
turkeys; forty -font chickens, 5, 000 cocoa.
nuts, and a considerable quantity of
bananas, lemons, and °taxmen.
mareeememe
Prinoen are Oommon in Russia.
The title of prince in Russia is so corm
mon that it has little significance. The
bearers of the distinction, says a foreign
journal, are more numerous then "the
Wearers of the Legion of Honor in a
Vretich ofe or Colonele in the Southere
st6te6 of America." The truth of ‘this
statement ia illustrated in a report M the
last edition of the military gazebte Ruled
Invalid. It records the death of thirteen
officers of the militia., of whom nine were
prinoes. "ln the Cauciasue," same the
jowled referred to ebove, "every owner of a
large flock of sheep calls himself Eprinee'
All of thee° sheep princes are Addressed
as ihighoesse the aarrla as the sons of the
oldest princely familial. When cne of
theme sheepownere goes to foreign cow:aria
he plaoth the title `prince' on hie caret, and
playa a certain part in uninitiated eireles,
The earn° thing it tette of the many repre-
sentatives inItusela of the Tartar 'princely'
families, Mealy Ratisiau fitiniliee,
such at the Naryschltin, Wejewoleshaki,
eto; entitled tq the prefix prince belore
the'r names &dine to use it Inc fear of be-
"At 14 years of age /learned a bad habit watch ahnost mare.
me, 1 bemimenervous and weak. 14.y back troublednae. I could
stand no exertion. Hee end eyes became dull. Dreams and
draine at night weakened me. I tried seven Medical Firms, Flea -
trio Belts, Patent Medicines and Family Doctors. They gays me
no help. "A friend advised me to My Drs. Kennedy & Kerwin. They
sent me one month's treatment and it cured me. 1 Gould feel
-a myself gaining every day. Their New Method Trerdonsct 044i-48 40744r4
Oureped mmootanteouin:ntti all eke fails." They have cared many of my frionds,,,
eci
oelstantsi and he often made tieriousmes. senen000nonfoiteenpdtesentwatiitvht
ee Ofbetshecoafpapms,ynoinett
Mites in the selection of ineti to o .
ding. In tide respect he wae, think, in.
ferior to Niaribtarotigh, who Seetns to have
understood, not only the thoughts of those
he dealt pereonally with, but MS have
kennel by intention even the manner in
which they would eV° efreet to bit or to
•
their owri prcijecte)1
• atoeetew isi said t� have 1,706 " big bolls,"
the smallest a 'which weighs 5,000 ponnde,
and the largest 443,77g,
The MOVeruaiitGeneriti adae to his other
plisliments that of a good actor, At
Rldbalt 11.41 recently Davia copporaad
Moli *114 Toor4 tud40 ae
are content with the use of the comt.of-
arms."
U113 NOME 1 Yon urom
"Some 8 years ago I contracted a serious contititntional blood
disease. I went to Hot Springs to treat for syphilis. Heronry almost
killed me. After a while the symptoms again appeared. Throat
became sore, pains iu limbs, pimples on fate, Menthes, eyes red,
loss of hair, glands °Mame& etc. Amedical friend advised Dm.
Kennedy & Kergaa's New Method, Treatment. It awed me, and I have
had no symptoms for nye 'ears. I am married and happy- As a
dootor, I heartily recomend it to all who have this terrible disease-
Cureu a years ego. typTalis." It will eradicate the poison from the blood," t
Capt. wowntend.
13 YEARS IN DETROIT, 150,000 -CURED.
"1 am 88 years of age, and marrlea. When young I led a
gay life. Early indiscretions toad later exceeses made trouble
for nae. I became weale and. nervous. Hy kidneys became
affected and I feared Bright's disease. Married lif was unsatie-
m faotory =dray home unhappy. I tried everything -all failed till
, I took treatment from Drs. Kenn.edy and Kergan. Their New.
mee Method built me op mentally, physically and sexually'. I feel
and act like amen in every respeet. Try them."
and she was attended to in this way as an
OANADAII 1,K2ORT.A.11OE,
Another Article. the feitittonm none"
The Times the other day printed a third
'artidie so Canada* which it attracting great
attentiori, The writer considers that the
unlimited coal resourees of the Dominion
will ultireateae iteke Cetede the key'stopm
of leriteat's nesvel poiiieion and ,t,tavormes
the fortifying of ITenaltito, i3, O. itt a4dfaoa.
to the fortification' Nitorks at;'
U416'40 deals with the'',q.pestien
ttatto am)
Cared tame.
Our New Method Treatment 'ver faila curing Disens" Inen.
It strengthens the body, etops all
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REME BE.11- tailD 40 -nn.
diOtyntaitaiigatt ore leading
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libIS KEN EDIfaukcItiMA Detroit, Mien.
igr No Names Used Without Written
Consent of Patient.
eisieoPemeeenliesen se. S, elteetelee Minnie 1,!?' "M"' '14.4-t4N'4
sweeereastel
tc0
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seleeM eteea‘ ,,Se‘e)
Vc
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tta- Pareheeers amnia iolat tO tb.e teibel on tho 1-loOtie ani Pebs,
If the addrete hi hat On, oxrep,74 at, 3AD:t4130.14, they are spai