Loading...
The Goderich Signal-Star, 1948-04-01, Page 7vrtmStax, owl* t, 1048 stiwics'tN NOT AM *ti.' GOLD oF iat• BUT • oothem ROLE THE COLDMWor AEAtP : • • It sgur 'Arm lAet, Oat t1i very best. way to learn about A product .or a service is by practical; first-handexl.' 'pe,,rien:Ce.- :That., is w14- 'o:-tiften4uggegt;th4t4f-16u-'t-7 woilid like to know more. about Brophey's Service, ask" any family have ever served. • elTdice. FLOY 13 MON TR E4L ST. PHONE 120 OWNSHIP COUNCIL • WAWANOSH - The Weet....)Yawaatsg_p:tWnshrii Comicildifet as per adjoernmeat ',Mardi 9th, with 'all members pre - *Sent and -Reeve ,eilinigae. presiding:, Mr. Alex; Alegnirdee--was• :present ,and speke PrietlY on the new system •••, •Voun,ty itssessnient. On motiorl ' of .Councillor.s-Gamit and ,TohAston the Assessor was.- instructed to „make tbe„ aisessixient according to the "--C-OniityrSysfetrand-uxider- the- diree- „ • o M. Rawlinson •Litnited regularly make up• and ship Household Furniture. Con- solidated Pool Cars to Manitoba. Saskatch- ewan, Alberta, British Coluirtbia and to Calif orn la. Write, wire or phone for reduced ,ifX9ig,,httates _ .stablished 1885. 610 Yonge"-st.,"foronti",-.-- "it'thitidit125”' 610g1146, PACKING, SHIPPlEG and STORAGE _ • tIon and suPervision a the• County Assessor. • ,. • _ Motion -of Councillors Gaunt And Johnston the Tax Collector was insteucted to complete the collection of the 1947 taxes hy-. March, 30th, 1.048. , • Bylaw No., 4 was read a third tide 'encl.-passed-on mo Johnston and Gaunt, .Bylaw Ne:.5,, apPointhieMr. G. L. Garner, of Stratford, Toivnship 'engineer, was read third time and passed, on motion of'Couricilleirs Durfnand -Dicksoni .• The following grants -were ordere'd paid -on. inotieteof -Cotificillor,s-Gannt and Durnin • beinity • Seed Fair, $19 ; Appealfor British' Child- ren, $25. . rournittrra To: 17*S8F443 YOE 190 Caian Steenlehlp'' Linen' an; noente the fellOW1lig 400inttnentn of inaSterk and 0.1.,ef englaeere; 111l4er SO* Frelehteil3 • „Aaherett7--÷-•-P. erM- VoUwQ$-j W. Se4rrew And atn?•PT. ,•'• • • • - • • Pent4teent41--:,t. drieSbaehand 14141... 104 • • ",' .-GlegetiOes-4: j 1)1,04. pouglas• Ogderp)1,,*A4ex...Wilp9n -and A*, O'Brien, - • "•",•' ' HA•gart-Y:-,-,BOVB4rke. fOld"°A. rattesoir Id H-7StirditC7calav---AtAlltebenna,4 ,Westmeunt-,-W: • Hi: Molitgoraery, '411W(1131114;1113;e0dniOnnalilY--.0.to P.4tt:e- r4 sea endlY. VOlnirn. , Aram. , Upper Lake Fackage Ereightej,s 1:LI, Taylor, , • ,„ PreScote--O., Wing.' and' r*Al. Re4YeYle-W.'.1.1 ge1jer.4p4, 4.! A. reder. '' • ' .• -4., • ' Euronle:-H: L. Beaten- aid 3. B. MacDouahl, • - • SelMJnloadhig -Coat Carriers Coailaven-E. %esv-• 4nel O A. Ross, ' .0•• Other -.C. ,Ainiatioxig and A, •Zoskey. ' „ , • • lenelg--..T. A. Glenn and A, 'E. Midland--Pritice-L. G. Bird end W. J. Nicholls. Osler -R. Belcher and K.Biich-. anal. • • Package Freighters Dattleferd-A. J. • Galloway -Mat H. 111cCoag. • , , Beaverton -A. J. Story and; F. • • •Calgarlan--V. A. mu and 'A, E-. House. Canarctian-W.' J. Bore and W. T. Pitfield. • • • :Cityof Hamilton -J,. Lepine, and, 3. M. Clark. • . City of Kingston -z--3, 4. Ferguson and M. 3; Sherman. • , ity of Mentreak-N. Laaan1t T. Nichols. •• • • • • , . City of Toronto -M. J. COrkeY. and • No one should attenipt to diagnose • City of Windsor -S.-- E. Bernier • andAreat Own troubles by taking 'A, P. Norris... ' land' stitaxatn. Edmonton-E._A; Geotse and R.. used when preScribed by a OrAteirX. • -de-4 - 1-`-n` - • or. eb. he. ndyice given 00r-three,--'weelfs-n were destrored „ a Intru, belonging te,,,Len5s onixleaf rkh • : gerttie 1/4bas..sold„ hie tiftYr •acre feral, on the Bra.' coneeSSion of 'Vast WaWandfal.tQ 14OY4 1YealFs, ef” , • •- •.• •; fUnd beitkg reined at Hongiall 4.••=•-••••%4••=i,/ • • courws,amsrigy PL -- One hbur and 4$ Miiiittett flying time, was, slashed' from the' trans- continental flight record recenilr, 'when a new pressurized Northffitar Skyliher of Trans Canada Air Line13 flashed across the 2,345 miles from Vancouver to Montreal in just six hours and 52 !nigh* to set a new Mark, The, new North Star, shown in upper photo, spanned the dis tance " at an 'average attitude ' of 20,004 feet and speed of 342 miles - per -hour with no discomfort to the 20 passengers and crew of sig.. In the-•-leiWer •'photo,2Reconstruction, , Ministe C4D Howe 'congratulates: ...Capt. Herbert W. Seagrim,' T.C.A. • flight operations director, who pith- • president; who, '• • . owe, was a passeagee`bn e record_• ted the plane. -At front left is H..J. breaking -light. At: right 'rear is Capt. „ „0:A Rawson; director lof Svminton K C C M G rc A T C A fileht develoenlent. ' who • acted as, co -captain. " Rutherford... "„ :•=-• •rt" _ .7:77; -V,,919-n.-iltd1h--artiele :ICenora-d. S. Ward and 'D. F, The -Tvatil About r11:•19 Lockwood. • • - ' r -in the January -February' issue of Orr niotiOn of Councillors Gaunt Let4ridge-A, Allen -•and M. Health, • official •magazine ef the . Health Leaglie of Canada. Dr. pensley is director. of ..the depart- ment of metabolism and toxicology Howson a eel, . Mr. 'dud Mrs. R. J. . • Pirilr1 M1.: ndr 1.7ungblut and, family, Hamilten, visited, aver the week-ertd with • •and Mrs .° 3: Miss' Etisie Patterson, Toronto; spent tlit•Iteek-end here. • Miss Helen Merrill., Toronto, is visiting her. aunt, •-MTS. WM. Roberton. • •" Mire ss. Margaret Jackson, Toronto, 'is- visiting, ,Mr: .ali.d.Mrs• Jas.. jack-. dee Dicksenther 'Road Superintend- • . • eat was instruetedjo adVertise-for 'tenders for crushing and hauling _gravel. It was moved by Copneillor 3obnton andi-e-C61104:0-05.wiellrof ' D,urnin that, the Treasurer's,' bond witiii the :Inlet Insuratice Co.. be renewed. The Motion. carried. ' - April 13th; at '1.30 pan. • DURNIN PHILLIPS, Clerk. " • - •-THE MAN- 'WHO "COUNTS, . It is not the ':critle-.whe 'counts; _ • not 7 -the •-•-•-rnitn. ••.-who points', oet-hOw- • the strong man sturcibles,..or where the deer •if deeds 'coUld have done --belohge-to-.the„ 'Man'. who is 'actually in the arena:. Whose 'face -is ,marred by 'Mist and sweat and blood.; who strives val- ; who- errs and -comes short again,,..a.nct again, becaliSe there. is • no effort Withelit ..erreir and short-, 'coniing; who ,does actually strive to do the, deeds': who knows tile 'great. enthusiasms- the- great-: devotions; Theodore Roosevelt., enioria—T'-PRYDE SON.IS Cunningliam & r3f,+ile) Clinton, Exeter, Seaforth Write Box 150, or phone 41J,, • . • Exeter apd-..ire shall be pleased, to . VENIEsICKL Our bonded representative will be itsGoclericb.. every Thursday• - • , 'ror information concerning repairs to your present • machine, availibilitY of new and rental m.a hines, electric —irons and Cord :controls, sewing notions d -serViejesi- contact • • SINGER _SEWING CENTRE 78 .Ontario st,,Stratiord • Phone,727 -13-14 Seisleatooe-G. C. Xirkand 3, Neilson. • Selkirk -E. F. Rieburn and E. -------,-- Weyburn -R. Anderson and 3. A. Adams. - Winnipeg -P: 1.1erinville and C. -DrTiiskr-• ' •• • - -DIAMONlj STEAMSHIP CO• • S.S. George -Hindman - Capt.. peorge, H. Henderson ; Chief, WM. Dixon. ••6`. - -410LIVESVILLE- , HOLMESVILLE; -Mar. N.—Mr. the week -end With .his parents, Mr.' and Mr's. M. J. 'Stock. - • The 'Misses Marie and Eileen Glid- don were guests' of Londesboro friends ever the week -end. • Mr. and Mrs": Ivan Jervis, Trenton, are spending a few days with Mr: and Mrs. Leslie' Jervis and family. 111.r.s.---Wiliner„-Ila iiie,i= and Mr. and Mr. Robert McIlwain, Gedericlitothiship, - ' Mrs. M.Elliott and •family, Listowel, spent. Monday, with Mr. and Mrs.".`E. j..Trewartha. •'Congratulations t� Mr. and Mis. -William • Norman oe---th.e, arrival Of babY .today, ' There was a good attendance -at the SiinslaY Morning service , in Holmesville chinch, where an inspiv- ing Easter message was delivered by the. -.minister, .Rev: Canipbell Tav- ener.. Special ntuSie was given 'by the 'choir, and Easter flowers' were placed in the church. • Advertising *inlet- bepunted on :as an investinenit, n4t.aS an expense. Ad,s in The Signal -Stir pay' , ' AVBURN; M8rcli'3(1.-2--P•MISS Mary 1 Nesbitt -Torbfito, was a week -end I _viSiteir - with, her parents,..._114....eind ' Mrs. Alf. Neallftt. .. ' ' •••• . r•-ilircl, -Mrs. Et•--Laws.pu.-„-eisited- 'on•••••••SundaY-'-with :Mr, and ;Mrs. J. FlnlaYsce-1r"iteirtri.-'1111;s2-1-gyson 'remained for'a brief. visit. • - • , • . Borri.-To. Mr:: mid Mrs Jack 'Weir; Ottawa; on Friday.;,• Nlareh. 26, a' sOn (Robert- SteWart): .--.-.. ••• -: . • . • At:Ale:we, 44.4tit trOxiltfoderie don,:Torouto, ProgOrteI49t11114, I MVS ittft Mole ' Djesat Sealdirth 44Ward Xoe garcirkki, '414 o'n. ..$aturatty,i.ate t periOd:qf 'tailing health, 1,1t4,0 "'14„ - er a new, teereatiOn centre,'„ • The' ,`SeVent"Ptelirth, litter . obleptive is 00,000 and ;5;0,(10' hAe Auburn, he ,ItvPd 'Nnith DUota already 'been Contributed,' - 7 and .fit Arusseis befOre ..4),OVing to ,Thp, 444,ne,Qt,gr,,a4d. •.11IrS. Ohaelefr • SenucF. eeine.eselen. 'et 11,16rris, waS _rmapietely-destoyed by; 'Are' fn.). lligiff:76rairi4720-M7, • Ile. cong*,4:0,44 cavok pro$7 byterian ehureh',.EXeterg ha's leeued -a eall; to Rev:,.Donald:•Sihelair. ,ef . Allendale -to -succeed-the late -Rev'. Ketinetli MacLean, minister, Mrs, W. , J.:, Geddes, formerly of Sea -forth,. where. he was employed for Many .year.S. bY,!% 'POW, Vt41,-':, • ..00pliiii4.001, NW% Edlth and snrld:tied by .threi)::;dang14terS) Laura 4nit, VOL',at kome, and Mrs. •Gerd,00,,,ginsoni 01,0444 by `-threef t• Sisters, Mrs. Alex. 'CASernere, 'attz44-,„ ,q00; yos.•:1703114m,'SpioU:. ' dine ..;.‘ lin'. 'Arthur ...SparkS,:frort,''. irtite4lgotrnaot‘oill'e, .41•;dtei7he•re' To_ roth.14rtl:NotatlYimirdialryt,e_alrt: ia:trt04r:;_x;ne The remains • were brougili, to Bel; iBunelltiCts •PeerrOgierYatlit'XIAtirrtftn.....1.94•7' g,reveu4r Rinker employed ke " pashiitiod•-/plaeing inill;,-Aves,- struck, by b6artl from One of the macliihes. -Taken. to a "Linidon. hospital;• he was found. to have suffered a rulitiired kidney and. fractured ribs. Dr. 11,. Burrows, who is,leayhig, ;Sea -forth with '7-A" datiglite at Wienipeg; has been gin fare- well bolters by. many orgin.fiations with which. ire has been connected.- He- has lived in Seaforth for over fiBfatby,i,)s'emarosth. er,ed' in Blanhets --ShfrleY ` • Ann., tour-monthsTold, daughter •of. Mr. and Mrs. Roy Vod- den, Harpurhey, was 'foued-smeth- ered in her buggy on Saturday even -- lug. ••She had apparently relfed in, the blankets and in some maener worked them': over her face. • ' Aloe -tor -wag' called but Could do- nothing. • . Wedding Annivers:11* -Thos. McNall hag been, Visit' - Welland. .• • „' "- int Mr. *end Mrs. Staidey • Blyth celebrated their sixtieth: Wed-' r. n Mrs.. 0 tz aAer f anniversary on March • 21st. -111,rs. Lenin, Hamilton, is visiting sixtliTelletrTzilaandueLt 11.er-father - ilarrY W"'h'er*:- -eightY. Holtzhauerleareed the , is '1;etarootrldn_ACurnrdi4saciandi_li eaviipprityL:tiLdv4eriptit Watio-rd„ spent part of the week -end Benmiller, Auburn and other places.. with Mr. and Mrs. W, T. 'Robison. ' They have a family of three -sons • Mrs.. Harry Govier has returned • and -two -daughters. Mrs. Elizabeth - . M d Elf 11 1 h Mee. Melvin Jewell. Goderich, spent the week -end With Mrs. 0. -A. .4,t_sitqA.k.9.0..1:94Sp.iteK11 liosvie_41Z -- ,"free,Nteiv of ' the widespread in- discriminate use •of vitamin_pills, it is fortunate_ that there has been no evideece,„ to_elate that Kreifur 'effects are produced by vitamins in the doses ; ordinarily taken." Dr. Bensley writes. "It is- trim that vitamins can act as poisons it tbey are taken in amounts far ill eXcess of" those- recoixonended ,for either • _ the prevention or 'correctien of de- .. . ,. . . . ... ......, hciency diseases. He says this.has • pecurred linueiently often • in the soli. We regret that Mrs. Jacksen case of ohe• vitamin (D),, „Th. be, is not - enjoying g'o6d health- present. ,.. • • '• at ''4'-W-IY-'7-7• ""Qt-aate2'-: • ' ‚--.., - - , eominen,eing-, next' -.5-'-find'ay .-iiiid: • He eieds that, although narm may. • not ,be caused ,.directly by " the in - continuing for three Months, divine 'discriminate use of yitamin pins, .serVice at Knox Presbyterian church this practice, -like all forms of -self- will begin at 11 a.m. . ' Mrs medication, may be indirectly harm- .. StairAbell, St. Thomaswas , ful • in that it %gives the individual Mr week -end visitor with her parents, Mr • a false sense of security and leads • . and Mrs. W. A. Campbell. • to delay in seeking.inedical advice.: Mr, Wm. Straughan, 6f Goderieti, r: __Beasley_ :.$.43:ts- there is, no = has begun to demolish the .former ca-enictiienw_ua-tt,4io,rern---.eetscitoglza_beirieleletgll;-----ezi.9,- evidence that health is _imereyed by giving 'extra vitamins to a "Versone _ th. ,site„ , .. . -1/Ou worry' about your present . or, future seeurity, - Phone Carlew 2115 ofigivrite •R, R. ittOBINSON Monarch Life , Assurance retire- sentative, R. R. 1, Port Albert: • 36tf who is not suffering from a sp-e-etile- itanun deficiency disease. :Vitamin pills alone cannot correct dietary deficiencies. Pills may help but chief reliance must 'be placed on a balanced diet. He adds, however, thlit condem- nation of Vitaniin-pills, as being a little or no Value Would be ,absurd. Iritainin -pills or simithj forms of concentrated preparations' of vita- mins, he states,' are of •value neder two sets of • circumstances. They may be used -bet enly when pre- scribed by A' physician--ffeSt to pre- vetit the develiipthent oft.teliseasea due to deficiencylif vitamins in the diet, and"; second, to treat diseases, due to vitamin deficiencies, , • . _..Two of the girls were airing their "rdlike to get ,a divorce." said the: first. '"My .hashaed 'and tjust don't get•aiong;"- "Why don't you sue -him. "for in cOmpa tib ty asked the second,. sympatheticaily. ."1 'would if 1 Roulet catohhim at It."' replied the first. ••'-- • "?. • MacDouga 1: "I'm in love with your wife. If yaw will give *her to. me ni pay ..her weight in gold." MiteCrifey : "Let me ha' a. few -week'. _ "What for ---to_.. think It ovekV"f;tirm mud To fatten- ;.el- np_.:11 , to-lonie_ after speeding part of. the wjnter with Mr. And Mrs, Herb. Govier; Miss-411etry • Houston, of the, co1-. lege ofLEAucalion, 'Toronto. is holt:. (laying with, Mr. and Mrs. Jobe HouSton. ‘ . • Mr. Edgar tiawson. Mf. as. W. .Med..d stied M r.. and grS. 4. J. Fergu-: son attend -0,d oirTueSdaythe funeral f- a foriner Auburnite, •Edward • Mole, of Seaforth. • ' The Ladies' .Guild, nnd Sunday school of St. Mark's church 'held a successful 1 bazaar ' and hememadel baking sale in the Orange. Holl4On Saturday -.7 06 -,ii oii'cioktdoiniIii.0„j ,-,,* :: : ,:_,_ ProjOt amOunted to $73. ;' ; • PORTER'S HILL Irwin of Auburn., is a sister of Mr. Holtzhauer. Swaii,-Mcelena The Marriage_ of Edith Mary; • daughter . of Harry ' MeClenaghan, Belgrait, and .the• -„late„ .Mts. Mc• lepaghan, to Olen Boway. Swan, son4f A. 3, Swan, Brucefield; and the_i_late 'Mrs_ §Wan, 'took plaee'en Saturday afternoon , the home of the bride's 'Uncle, Rev. W. J. Watt, Whitechurch, who offieiated• After a metor -trip to Niagara Falls and•Cleveland, the couple 'will resIde her husband one evening,: "I've at- 'cepted a part 'in the next ,play to be - given. In - the Neighborlioed Troupe., .. 'That's flee," replied' 111r. B. "Whlit kind of a costume will You wear hi the play?' "A bathing Suit," she Answered. "Have you any pbjeetion•s?" "Yoh bet have!" PeUtAted-Tdirair'D'a u want-tho-4.1eighbortl• • th-ati_Imarried 'yen for VOur money?" -Mr II The Protection _OfInup • ,\Cross 4 . the non-profit flan, for gospital 'Care is now. . !available to.eraployee gioups. -fz437-/REE . • M W -previously- to' five or more.) d- -anatrs:----1.7a*sen-Aeekhavi--- and Children, of -R'oyal Oak, ;Mich., spent Easter with Mr. Loehhart's parents, iNly. and MA -s. Jas. Lockhart,: PORTER'S HILL, 11Tar. 30. --;Mrs. sto-Ope'r of Manchester, England, who spent the winter mouths in Cali- fornia, is visiting her 'sister-in-law, Mrs. , 111_aurice,YrA.the, Mrs,- -Lockhart -and-baby Sharon returned -home from Clinton •-helspitalf,,on_VV-eduesday.-, . Thos. East: w4a- tinfe-'•with' friends at Ramiiton and other points, has returned home: • -Commeatit*Cltb.-!--The, .Porter's' -Hill-Coramninty -Mb 'held its7March meeting. on Weehiesday evening a the home. of Mrs? John Torrance, inthe kerna of - a social evening.• Over sixty Were present. The meet- ing was , opened- by vice -President Mrs. -Bert „ Harris. With -the singing of ."0 Canada."' A report. -of ' ex - pencil teres_an d me*: ee, liaud. 3.VA given 'end a; discussion was luta' gardiet:furaitilre for the rooni The Club'. is furnishing 'in the Cliutim hospital. A dance _will be heldtin S.S. No. 5' by the Club., The ineetini.. 'elbeed with: "God -Save.. the Ring." Next meetieg at ;Nit's.. gas. 1-,ock-, s hart', home.- ' After the meeting enelife Played. -thirteen tables talc.ing• pa rt. Lueeh tvas served hi,- -t h 0...hostess t an idei gilt, f ter • IV 11 1.01 daneing was' tj oyed . 1 •, • THIS MEANS . theshopkee„and his two. clerks - the trades- . Man with his two 'helpers - the-electiician,-r-the-14;w1rer.-. In fact,it, 'means .W,.iro4Ps:', • with three ..or alore ein- :ployeesincluding The cosi is -low . . .4es's ;th.Eqii 31/2 ¶enis a day for an • people in this Province are protected rhI31ue Cross • Hospital Plan. _For complete information • -write:- ..... • . H8staIAssOcJion Toronto 5, Ontario -.7!BE‘AVER," FULL TILTING ARBOR:. gAW ITTERS • Ilelps to •cleanse impurities from, the. body and tone -up the digestive OrgallS: IEELEWS , ....)4a71114,pRAL :.:SERVI(OE 111'0,,4triv 0,119,p,-(3 for Oie use at oak to 8treet, . ,,Presinpt Anibulatict, '.'Pho40 1535 855 or 7 .A. water soliilzole I)inortho'‘cresorproduCt. , for 'dormant Season application in orchardil-to* destrOy ROBy 1Vitith,,,,Oyster ,Shell • Seilles and fornsc as. ail': •erailitiAUt.'grOtinel, pra againet, Apple Stat. . Iiii4tigatealso ‘‘Green Spralastic- -an iniproVed neutral Si)rade r ana tiekr "GrtlEgil. ClIOS' Si° Feld Leadei Peod u,et$. • GoDERI011,...xeriton • , SHOP INTHWFIST DESIGNS • •, BEISt•OP,,MATBRrAtS Gnatanteed workiiianship..at priees that Will, please ,,you; SA.V.,11 'AGENTS,, PENS Call Id oitirtillleot dropti,„ Doi' 161, 0041ericb., *111 be pleased to can ittittlielp. choose' a„snitabie nit:knot:10. for .".yon*' family. plot, „ ' A,., 41iOrl'Olt .t Andto**6' ireingeta mr17-7" 'Phone 1098 for 24 ((Our service to all makes of coinniercial and domestic refrigeration equipment MANNING* • Refrigeration Service InSimereial Ag-ehriVeMireifil - and District. Satisfaction Onaranteed. ----y 49tf dyspepsia, so/ur stornaCh, biTiousriessi,headaehes .9y timor emu - plaints of the live* or kidneys., It should do the same for yea," On ,sale for more than 00 years,: Burdoek Blood.Bittersis available at drug counters everywhere. A . . • The T. Milburn, CO.; 1.4iinited, Toronto, :Ont., TREES.:. Apple Trees; Pears, Cherries',"Plums;. rbachPs. RtuiPberries,- :Currants,: Grapes, 'Strawberry plants; niue. Asotoragos, Shade Trees, ,ShrobS, ii!e4ge„Piants,.1rine,s, Aoses,' Evergreens,' Peretuilaia.. Stock In , all important varietiea. • .Order. direct by mail atni. saire mono. * ' * ' 'NorfolkNursoil simoon oNTAitto 046 Complete with 8-incli combination blade, V belt and Motor' Paley. This .011rcular Saw Is a.modern• Power Vol that wilt satisfy. the Ilomecraft Hobbyist or Ifie ProfesSional .Crattsman. Table -84e • is 24 x 22 Inches. Outs 2Winches deep. Sawclust chute en,Itires . clean operation, gee it at tieevers Illeyele Shop. THAT SPRING IS STYST AltatIND,THE IIAVE ITS Molt tJP ortizotbli.E.tiNiN0 AND* 134ZPAR,ED _