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The Exeter Advocate, 1923-12-6, Page 3Iragtg eees.7 Address communications to Agronomist, 73 Actelaide St. West, Toronto ;EIEN-HOUSE LIGHTS HELP but they are all relatively simple, in - 'POULTRY PROFITS. expensive and reliable. Any one who During the last few years the sub- has a mechanical turn of mind and a genius for invention can easily fix up ject of artificial Margination for poul- try flocks has been a topic of keen! a home-made device at a very small discussion: When. • • I. the idea first be-1EARLY BREAKFAST OR LATE suPpER. I cost e popular was Ril nsd that bv several some psyehological process the henPoultrymen are employing : systems of illumination which might was made e that she was go ng be summarized as follows: , through two day e instead of °lie and 1. Morning light. naturally the old erroneous adage, •2. Evening light. "An egg a day" would mean two eggs evening light. a day. The procesii is purely a 8.. Combination of morning and ph.ysiological one,, however, and not - one of psychology at all. 4. Night lunch method. At present We can, find records at These possibly explain themselves. most college plants and experiment Where morning light is used the lights stations which all, point in the same aatrecitauyrtiiigehdton about 4.00 a.m, and off direction -more winter eggs. This system has an ad - The underlying principle of artifi- cial illumination is a problem in feed- ing. It is said that the crop of a hen will contain only enough feed to keep the digestive tract busy for a period of tour or five hours. In other words, in the short winter days; a hen goes to roost about 4.30 or 5.00 p.m. We have always attempted to send her to bed with a full crop, but now we see , where gasoline lanterns are used. The vantage where electric lights are used. How I Feed Plants. Plants grown in pots thrive much better for me if given eome feeding. Plants that are kept in pots year after year, like ferns 'and begonias, will re- quire. constant feeding, as well as re- potting now ant then. it is better to keep up liberal feeding than to repot often. Repotting will always cheek the plant some, provided it has not be- come so crowded for root room that it is already checked. I have known ferns to be kept growing well, with very little soil left in the pans, just by feeding regularly and well. I never feed a weak plant or a sick one. A plant should be healthy and growing normally if feeding will benefit it, and a weak plant is likely to e killed outright by even a light dose of plant food. Neither do I feed plants 'when the soil is dry. The strength of the solution should be weak at first and gradually increased, while an application once in two weeks at first may be increased to weekly, and with heavy feeders even to twice a week. For mixing into the soil, bone meal is a safe fertilizer. Most of the pre - No dimming device is required as is pared plant foods have it as a base. necessary with evening lights. Feed Nitrate of soda and ammonia are good and water can be put in the pens the nitrogen carriers, and will make the night before and the attendant gets foliage luxuriant and a deeper color. away from late hours at work. This system has a strong appeal to the hired man whose interests in the even- ings are not in the chicken coop. The evening light is • often used that this supply is going to be well on its way before midnight. Then where is the heat and energy to come from for body maintenance? We know that an animal body makes demands on the food and stored materials first for body maintenance. In other words, heat must be supplied, Broken-down tissue must be replaced, energy must be supplied and the natural secretion must be kept up, These functions we find take from three-fourths to four- fifths of all the feed consumed. The excess, if any, will be used for pro- duction, or in the case of a hen, for reprodaction. We find that in the short winter days the hen has a small amount of excess food to be used for This system, is most economical on production, due to the short feeding fuel, the lights being on but for a short time. It is considered that a fourteen -hour day is possibly the correct length of lighting. We would not recommend using lights in excess of that amount. FEEDING BIRDS 'UNDER LIGHTS. Birds under lights must be fed more than they otherwise would and must be kept constantly busy. The birds are in heavier production and are ex- posed to just as much severe weather. The grain ration should be increased. Fourteen pounds of grain per day to each 100 hens would not be too much. This should be given in four feeds. The common practice where morning lights are being used is to feed the night before for morning. Grain is fed again at 8.00 o'clock, irght after dinner, and again before the birds go factory results. Automatic devicesto roost The last feeding should be can readily be arranged for electric the heaviest, with a liberal feeding in lights, thus reducing materially the the morning. If the birds do not con- sume large amounts of grain they are sure to lose in weight and go to pieces in the spring. A dry mash is kept be.. forethe birds at all times. It is ad - lights are put in at dusk and allowed to stay on until 8.30 or 9.00 p.m. A dimming. device is necessary with this system in order to get the birds to root. With lanterns this is accom- plished by gradually turning down the light. A combination system is commonly used by farmers who make a practice of turning the lights on in the morn- ing when going to do their chores, and again in the evening. The night lunch system consists of allowing the birds to go to roost as usual and putting the lights on about 8.00 o'clock for an hour while the bird's are given a feed of scratch feed. hours and the long hours of inactivity. The economics of artificial lighting reveals an increase in winter produc- tion which means an increase in eggs when the price is high. While a slight increase can be expected in early pro- duction this is not great enough to add materially to the profits. We really take the heavy spring laying and distribute it over the winter months while prices are better. Electric, gasoline and kerosene lights are used, bat the most econom- ical and successful is electric current. We find many people using gasoline lights and having excellent results. They are not quite as satisfactory, however, for a large plant, due to the labor in tending the lights. Kerosene barn lanterns do not give very satis-' labor. Where electric current is avail- able two forty or fifty W. T. lights will light a pen 18x20 quite nicely. These lights should be arranged at a point slightly forward of the middle visable to increase the corn content of the house and spaced about evenly, ten per cent. to aid in maintaining from the ends. This reduces the body weight. The common practice -shadows to a minimum. A single light where evening lunch is being used is tends to produce more shadows. The lights may be fastened to a rafter or to feed three times a day on grain. In the morning about three pounds; at joist. It is not necessary is drop the noon about two pounds, and at dusk light closer than six or six and one- about three pounds per hundred birds. half feet from the floor. A reflector Then when the lights are turned on a will aid materially in lighting up the floor area. One gasoline lantern will illuminate a pen 18x20 quite effi- ciently. Since lighting is essentially a feed- , ing practice it will be seen that it must be very regular and never fail- *. This has 'led to the use of sev- dral automatic devices being invented to turn the lights on and off. This is give very good results until water can feeding of about six pounds. In additoin to the above methods, care must be taken to keep a supply of clean water before the birds at all times. This is sometimes difficult in mornings when the water freezes over night. If there is snow on the ground dump the water in the evening and fill the. dishes with snow. This will practioal only where electric lights be supplied a little later in the morn- ing. Do not neglect the green feed and oyster shell. are available. Many large plants use a time switch. This is an instrument designed to turn the lights on and off automatically. While the original cost is rather high it is doubtless a good investment on a large plant where many birds are being kept. We have, however, many simple home- made devices which rank with equal satisfaction and at a much less cost. These usually consist of alarm dock attachments. Possibly the simplest is an ordinary tumble .switch set out from the wall. The alarm clock is then ,plac.ed so the winding stem i turning throws the switch over. I have seen must be continued even after the, several Modificatioas,of this same idea lights are turned -off. LIGHTS IN sPRING. Many persons using lights have had an unhappy ending to a productive winter by turning the lights off too suddenlk in tho spring. Any sudden ,change must be avoided and we usual- ly take from two to three weeks to complete the change, cutting theni down gradually a few minutes each day. This should be done about April 16. We Plan on having the lights off Too rnuch nitrogen is likely to give o lege at the expense of flowers, and to dull the colors of some of the fol- iage plants. Bone meal is rich in phosphorus, and has some nitrogen. -A. H. English farmers learned during the war that sulphate of ammonia, of which the country had been exporting thousands of tons, was gpod for in- creasing crop production. Now they are using 230 per cent. more of this product than before the great conflict. I find a six-inch rule the handiest thing in sewing, to turn hems, to measure widths in seams.-M.R. M. Do you want something with a kick in it? Try milk. 1 Storehouse or Junk Heap. 1 'harnees the other- day. He : A farmer friend of mine broke a piece of mu was in a hurry to get started, but the harness had to be fixed. After a half hour's hunt he found his puncli. Then more time was lost in locating the rivets and riveting machine. Then came a hunt for a suitable piece of leather. Every odd corner turned up its piece of leather, but they were neither the right size nor shape to use. Another hour was lost, then the farmer used a piece of rope and start- . I could not help but compare this man to another farmer of my acquain- tance. If he had broken the same piece of harnesa it would have taken him just long enough to J.L into a certain cupboard in the wagon house , to know whether or not he had the leather. If he had found the leather, the rivets, punch and riveting machine were in their places on a shelf in front of his bench, and the only lost time would have been the minutes actually consumed by the labor itself.; One man had just as much stuff as the other. The former keeps a 'stale pile, the latter a storehouse. His lum- ber supply is neatly piled -oak planks for floors, wagon tongues and so on are in one pile fence boards in an- , other. His tools are neatly arranged in racks in front of his work bench. Nails, screws, bolts and staples are sorted and in boxes upon their proper shelves. Each piece of machinery has its kit of tools which are never found outside of the tool box. There is only one difference between these two men. One takes a few min- utes after each job to put things back where they belong. The other would rather spend an hour hunting for things before he begins work -at least that's the impression you get., One knows wh. ee to lay his hand on what he has in store. If he does not, find it he knows he does not possess it. I The other hunts around a while; then, not finding it, he thinks that perhaps, he has it, but still he is not sure, so he buys new. -W. F. Messenger. SUNDAY SCHOOL LESSON DECEMBER 9 The Outreach of the Early Church, Acts 8: 1 to 15: 35. Golden Text -Ye shall be witnesses unto ine both in , Jerusidem, and in all Judaea, and in Samaria and unto the uttermost part of the earth: -Acts 1: 8. LESSON magma -The titn.e had come when the Gospel, having begun In Jerusalem, must reach out. Geo- graphically, Samaria looks like tae most natural place for the extension of the Gospel. But it was an unlikely field When we remember the hatred existing between Jew and Samaritan. A fierce persecution of the Christian Church had broken out under the leadership of Saul. God uses this wrath of his enemies for his own purpcse. 1. PHILIP BEGINS A GREAT WORK IN SA1VIARIA, ACTS 81 4-8. Vs. 4, 5. They that were scattered abroad. The martyrdom of Stephen marks the beginning of persecution. The leader of the persecution is Saul, afterwarde the reat a ostle of the Gentiles. He manifests as a perse- cutor the same intensity of purpose that he afterwards shows in the ser- vice of Christ. The result of the per- secution was that meny disciples fled wherever safety was most assured. Every where preaching the word. This scattering of the disciples brought about the very thing that Saul sought ' to prevent. It was like trying to ex- tinguish a fire by scattering it. Every fugitive was a witness for the truth. Philip. He was one of the seven "deacons" appointed to attend to the distribution of alms among the poor Christians, eh. . . cemaria, the capital city of the district of Samaria. Preached Christ unto them. Rather, "proclaimed the Christ tato them." Philip presented Christ to them as the Messiah. Without doubt he would speak of the beauty and love of the life of Christ, but his main theme was that this Jesus who had been crucified had risen again, and was the fulfiller of God's divine purpose and the ans- wer to men's expectations. Vs. 6-8. The people with one accord gave heed. There is a general and ready response. The people are ready for the message. we may prove that the program of missions must be uni- versal by pointing to the definite com- mand of Jesus to go into all the world as well as by the spirit of the Old Testament utterances. We may also . . Market -Type Demand in Hogs is Clearly Known Overseas Trade Will Not Wait for Breeders' Experiments. A professor at one of the Canadian should be kept in mind is that types agricultural colleges recently remark_ for markets must conform to con- ed: "What I should like to know is sumers' taste and national likes or dis- likes. For instance, a well known why June grass, the most perfect feed we know, in a dairy cow is converted into rich milk and in a beef steer into prime beef." This pertinent question is evidence of the newer spirit and trend every- where visible in livestock work. It is true that all foods and feeds when consumed take on the character of things very dissimilar -meat and hair and horn and tissue -within the body of the self -same animal. The techni- cal explanation of this is a matter for scientists. But the result is some- thing which interests intelligent live- stock men in what is confessedly the most practical way -through their pockets. Is not the broad -reason for the dif- fering uses of the same feeding ma- terial by different animals due to what is becoming better known as "type"? In hogs the effect is very plainly ex- emplified. In a wide sense general hog feed fed to a "select" type tends to become muscular tissue of lean with tinent there are two well marked vex - writer states that in England the types of the Yorkshire and the Berk- shire have been quite reversed within the last 50 years. He says: "The large Yorkshire pig furnishes a striking in- stance of this transformation. In times gone by (never, it is 'hoped, to return) the typical pig of the breed was considered to jse one short in the enout, enormously heavy in the jowls and thick in the shoulder, with back wide and fat, legs long, bone round and coarse and a carcass of immense weight, mainly comprising lard, hide and bone. At the present time the large Yorkshire is an animal of a totally different character . . . well formed, compact, fine In bone, deep in carcass and carrying much lean :neat • • . in infinitely better demand at much higher prices." Would that not be better expressed by saying that the market type of the Yorkshirss breed was altered to suit consuming taste? It is well known that on this con - The "Why" in Export Bacon Hogs This is the profitable part. Must be long and of good quality. A "Wiltshire side" of 'bacon as exported is sold in one piece, shoulder, middle and ham. The diagram tells why Canadian hogs should be long -bodied. The hest, weight "Wiltshire side" is about 60 lbs.; this can be cut from a 200-1b. hog of "select" quality. prove tne same tact Y pornting to the world response made to the world appeal. Hearing.. the miracles which he did. The meaning of the word translated miracle, is sign. A miracle is a sign, a seal, a confirma- tion by God of the human message. Unclean spirits . . palsies . . The miracles were varied in their na- ture. They are all miracles of mercy.1 Great joy in that•city. The gospel was1 to the people of Samaria "good news."1 II. PETER AND JOHN CONFIRM THE WORK, ACT's 8: 14-17; 25. Vs. 14-17. When Chs apostles . . at Jerusalem heard. The apostolic band remained in Jerusalem in spite of the persecution. Very naturally they were not only leaders in Jerusalem, but their authority extended with the ex- tension of the gospel field. They were the living witnesses of the. risen Christ. News is sent to them of the great happenings at Samaria. Sent unto them Peter and John. They came not as critics and censors, but as help- ers and advisers. Their presence would be a confirmation of the words of Philip. Prayed . . that they Int ht receive the Holy Ghost. The New Testament clearly points to the out- pouring of the Holy Spirit in a special manner and degree. The apostles t here, by their prayer to God, make it manifest that the gift was the direct n gift of God, and not in their owu power. Laid their hands on them; Ian outward sign of the imparted gift. ' V. 25. When they had testified and preached. Thus with wholeheartedness they endorse the new extension of the gospel. Returned to Jerusalem; rather "returned towards Jerusalem." 'Preached the gospel in many villages of the Samaritans. John had once pro - !posed to Jesus that he should com- mand fire to consume the inhabitants of a Samaritan village that rejected Jesus (Luke 9: 54), but his whole at- titude is now changed. APPLICATION. 1. The outreach cf the early church came about through being thrust out, iActs 8: 4-8. The spread of the church from Judaea into Samaria was nct nthe result of cool deliberation or a I nxissionary resolution carried unani- mously. If something out of the ordi- nary had not happened, the disciples would have tarried in Jerusalem in- definitely, and humanly speaking, there was some danger that Christian- ity might continue to be a mere annex to Judaism. But Stephen, that morn- ing star of St. Paul and of the Pro- testant reformation, started a new :movement out of the old Jewish ! church. For this he was arrested, tried, condemned and martyred. This action caught fire and beeame a gen-. eral persecution of the early Chris- tians. The scattered followers of Jesus bore witness to him in new places, and with a vigor refreshed by trials. It was a good thing for the fortunes of the faith that this out- break of fury came. "Blessed are ye when men shall . persecute you." Blessed is any good cause that has not too easy a time. A kite rises against the wind. The blood of the martyrs has been the seed of the church. Though God can take good out of good, he can take good out of evil as well. God can make the wrath of man to 1pIr. aiTsehihsimo. utreach of the early church into Samaria was spontaneous in effort, but followed up by the care- ful supervision of the central church at Jerusalem, vs. 14-17. That Chris- tianity should be organized and gov- erned from some central point from within, surely needs no proof. It was Christ himself who established the fellowship of disciples. He said, "I will build my church." No mere host of secret disciples could have success- fully buffeted the waves of persecu- tion in early times, or survived the inundation of the barbarian invasion of the Roman Empire in later days. In our age there ia a tendency to over- emphasize individual liberty, and to resent suggestions from the centre. Let us remember that there can be no great output of strength without co-ordination, and no co-ordination without centrality of control. III. The outreach of the early church was formally reported to the central church and systematically ap- proved, v. 25. There was here no mere arbitrary exercise of power without any regard to the free play of en- thusiasm on the part of Samaritans. Not only was enthusiasm obedient, but authority was sympathetic. THE CHILDREN'S HOUR - - they are saucy fellows." Roily had just brought a chair out on the porch alongside Bruin's. He had finished up the supper work and was ready to enjoy the evening with his guest and newly made friend. "You have a very pretty place here a. 7 , for your house," said Bruin, "and such I HIDE -AND -GO -SEEK WRITING. near nei-ghbors •" I "They are old settlers around here. Little folks love jokes just as much Sammy Squirrel lives over there," said as do grown-ups, and they are always Roily Rabbit, pointing to the north. anxious to turn the tables on their , "Ho is a good fellow and makes a fine playmates, and even big folks. •! neighbor. "Over there, pointing to Here is a little surprise trick that the east, "is Willy Woodchuck's house; you can fool your little friends with,' and just beyond there is where Charlie and perhaps papa and mamma. Chipmunk lives." "What a fine lot of neighbors," he said. "Yes, but it doesn't seem like hotne any more," said Roily with a sigh. "You look so sad, kind friend. May I ask why?" questioned Bruin. "I do not like to bother others with Let us call it hide -and -go -seek writ- ing. First, squeeze the juice of a lemon in a thoroughly clean ink bot- tle being sure that every trace of ink has been removed. With a new steel pen point write with this fluid on ordinary writing paper. The writing will be invisible and my misfortunes, but seeing that you you will have to be careful to have ask me, I will tell you," said Roily Plenty of the fluid on your pen. After Rabbit. "Perhaps you have noticed by Mav 1. The early and late feeding. this is thoroughly dry, Press it firmly that I live alone here." Distributing Liquid Manure. A prosperous:farmer who owned two hundred: acres of valuable land also maintained a large herd of dairy cattle. The barns were carefully cared far, and' all refuse was collected in a manure pit. One end of the pit contained a sump In which the liquids rar,. Since this liquid represented the most valuable part of the manure it Was hauled oat onto the fields as fast as it ac- cumulated. But so. much time was consumed when disposing of it in the usual man- ner that a more ecsnornical means was eonght. The farm owner had a two - ton track, which was a sort of a gen- eral-purpose conveyance. It wag de- cided to equip this with a tank and, by means of the exhaust gases from the engine, spray the liquids over the TH.!: tank lico.(.1 three hundred gal-, lone.. s, faucet six -eighths of, an inch in (1;:.,i1Ci.Mr was attached to the out- let. The exhaust pipe was contin;ued, back of the muffler, and it terminated. just'beneath the rear end of the tank. Fifty cents paid for a heavy gal- vanized iron dust an ge suitabl t . • This was soldered on the pipe and the seam also soldered, so that ' the ex- haust W n g and spread an - wise across the upper side of the dustpan. A short piece of hose was attached to the fel:Wet and brought to within two inches of this outlet. After reach- ing the field, the driver set the faucet to discharge the proper quantity, then went on over the field, the exhaust throwing the liquid over an area from six to fifteen feet wide depending upon the rate of discharge. The great problem is to learn how to gain wealth honestly and efficient- ly and to distiibute it justly while, at the same tirne. we continue to live to- gether as neighbors, inter -larded fat, or streaked bacon. Fed to a heavy Duroc-Jersey or Po- land -China the same feed becomes fat, lard and grease. True, an excess of fat -forming foods would tend to make a bacon hog fate but in the tnain, if care is taken in this regard, "type" ie the first requisite in the production of a market class. Type is not breed, though it is hard to know where type hardens into breed, and where breed blend's with type. After all, both are the result of fixed characteristics: breed elefinitely separated after selective crossings and carried on from generation to genera- tion and type perhaps the same thing within breeds but not yet clear in the line though in the process of becom- ing clear. In the bacon hog we know that the characteristics or the marks of a type to suit Canada's best market -and it must be clearly understood that other types.,areas important for other mar- kets --are the long body, with an in- born capacity to form lean, tender flesh quicklee• In addition the "type" Must be ready to take a "finish" as near to 200 lbs. as can be. What I ieties in some breeds of swine ox hich Berkshires are the outatanding ex- ample, one definitely lard type and the ' other approximating the bacon type. 1 It will, of course, be possible to keep on selective mating within these rbreeds so as to produce a clear line, for that is the way in which in the past breeds haie -been evolved. But it is a long and costly process so far as Canada is concerned. Our market is clearly set for one type. We must get that type on our farms by the shortest possible method. One thing is sure; the overseas bacon market will not stand still for us the long years necessary to build- ing up new types from lard bogs. In other words, if Canadian farmers in large numbers do not "get after" this valuable overseas market insbacon by the shortest possible ronte andafurnish it with that which it demands some other farmers will. That has been the secret of Danish success. Why bother with what will not pay? Let us in Canada feed our hog feeds to types that we know will suit our trade • and yield, year in year out, the margin over cost that the world calls profit. with a hot iron and you will be sur- "Yes,' said Bruin, "and over since prised to see the writing plainly. I came I have wondered why." It would be fun to write several "This is the reason," exclaimed lines on a sheet of paper and when Roily. "It happened just about this daddy comes home from work to -night, time last year, Mrs. Rolly Rabbit and to ask him what is on the sheet. When a were out after some early dewber- he tells you he can see nothing; pass ries. We wet to the patch where we. the hot iron over the paper and sur-; had always picked them. Finding prise hini by letting him read it. none, we wandered far away to the Try this, too, when your little, edge of the Big Woods. We were both friends come to visit you in the after- very careful, for we had heard of some 1 noon to play games. With the lemon, of our neighbors who had _gene oat ink write the names of half of those, there and never came back. Just present on a slip of paper and pass when we were both real busy picking them to those whose names you did, berries, I looked up and saw---"' not write. When they press • these, Here big tears began to roll down who their opposits Player will lee in sorry ear aim slips with a hot iron they will learn, Roily Rabbit's cheeks. Brum felt very the next garne. Ba Bony went on, "I saw a big man with one of those horrid bang -bang things pointing right at my wife. I was faint and hollered 'run.' Just "This is surely a fine evening," said then there was -a terrible `bane t Bruin. "The cool air makes my bee ran as fast as I could andhid in some stings feel much better. Those hor- bushes. In a few minutes I peeked rid bees! I'm afraid I shall run every out. What I saw I shall never forget! time a see one now." The big man was going away with "Oh, they won't bother you unless Mrs. Roller Rabbit's hind foot hanging you molest them," replied Roily Rab- out of his big pocket That was the bit. But when you do trouble them, last 1 saw of her." WHY ROLLY RABBIT LIVES, ALONE.