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The Exeter Advocate, 1923-9-20, Page 6Address communications to Agronomist, 73 Adelaide St. West, Toronto CARE AND ADJUSTMENT OF side so that it extends forward be- COLTERS. yond the point of the share and raised The colter has much more to do just enough above the point so that it with the proper operation of a gang lies fiat against the landside. Hold in. plow than is generally supposed. tl-this position by placing the right°'foot affects more than its main purpose of against it. Now adjust the colter so cutting off the side of the furrow slice that its blade lies flat against the out - so that the shin of the moldboard will sidi?' of the board. Do this with each not have to tear its way through the bottom in turn and you will have no ground, consequently permitting the variation as far as the colters are con - plow to do a nice, smooth job and iia- cerned. terially lightening the draft. A puzzling problem sometimes One of the marks of a poor job of conies up in the case of a three -bottom plowing is unevenness or where the plow following a standard -type trac- furrows made the same round can not for which does not run in the furrow.' always be plainly distinguished. Some- In spite of all that is done, the middle times this is because the plow is not bottom will turn a furrow which is running level. At other times one lower than the others. The reason' bottom is a little too high or low, due will generally be found in the fact that to variation in the shape of the beams, the middle bottom follows the .right Or the front furrow wheel is regular- drive wheel and because''the dirt loos- ly run against the furrow bank when ened by the grouters rolls into the it is supposed to run at least twq furrow, leaving the middle furrow inches away from it. But the most slice apparently lower than the others. common fault is that the operator for- The remedy is to set the middle colter gets that each bottom turns over the a trifle farther out. soil that the colter allots it, no more In sod plowing the colters should be and no less. They cannot be set in a set deep enough to cut off most of haphazard manner, but exactly the the roots, but not deep enough to in - same with respect to each bottom ex- terfere with the penetration of the cept for the one instance which I will plow. In stubble plowing there is no mention later. necessity of running them more than Practically all plow instructions three inches deep, even in deep plow - give three-quarters of an inch as the ing. In cornstalk ground especially, proper distance to set the colter away the stalks and other trash will not be from the shin of the moldboard. This cut satisfactorily when the colters are insures a clean furrow wall and the set so deep that they will simply push minimum friction on the landside, the trash ahead instead of running There is often difficulty in determin- over and cutting through it. The colter ing this distance after it is known to axle should be directly above or a be correct. The following method is trifle back of the point of the share. commonly used by manufacturers' The colter blades must be sharpened plow experts when getting a plow from time to time to give best results. ready to enter a competitive demon- It is well to remember that it is cheap- stration: Take a planed fence board er and better to pay the cost of sharp - three feet long and six inches wide. ening the shares and colters than to It will be nearly three-quarters of an pay for the fuel necessary to pull dull inch thick. Lay it against the land- tools through the ground. Ontario's Better Live Stock Train By L. Stevenson, Secretary and Supervising Director, On- tario Dept. of Agriculture. The Ontario Better Live Stock Jersey, Ayrshire and Shorthorn Train of 1923 was organized by the! breeds. These animals were selected officials of the Live Stock Branch of to show the influence of purr, bred the Ontario Department of Agricul- bulls, and demonstrate the high de- ture, assisted by the officials of the gree of excellence that may be ob- following organizations: Dominion tamed by careful breeding. Demon- Department of Agriculture, Industrial strations and lectures were given on and Development Council of Meat these cows, with special emphasis on Packers, Ontario Live Stock Associa- type and conformation as associated tion, the Canadian Pacific Railway, with high class cattle. Ayrshire, Hol - and the Canadian National Railway. stein, Jersey, and Gurnsey bulls were The train was made up of sixteen offered for sale at cost. These bulls cars, eleven of which carried live stock were selected for their excellence of for demonstration and sale. A lecture car and staff maintenance cars com- pleted the train. During March the train made twenty-one all -day stops (9 a.m. to 10 p.m.) and twelve half-day stops. Dur- ing April, twenty-one all -day stops and four half-day stops were made. The total number of actual farmers visiting the train during the period was 37,600. The number of school pared by the Provincial live stock children that were conducted through men, co-operating with the wool grow - the train by officials and teachers was ers, -the breeders and the woollen 6,600. Lecturers, demonstrators and mills. Typical fleeces of the principal salesmen were continuously on duty in grades of Canadian wool were shown the various cars, and dealt with the and used in demonstrating the various varied inquiries of the visitors, grades, classes and purposes for which EDUCATIONAL FEATURES. each was used. The preparation of The swine cars were specially fitted wool for market was strongly em - to make demonstrations in swine grad- phasized. Samples of cloth, knitted fag possible, and give the farmers goods, blankets and yarn made from throughout the province a clear idea Canadian wool from Canadian mills, of the type and conformation required were shown and described. A num- ber of live sheep were carried and suitably displayed, emphasizing the best breed types and market classes. Lectures were given on breeds, breed- ing, judging, and the care and man- agement of the flock. Two pens, one showing the progeny of a good type pure bred ram and another showing type and the production of ancestry. A number of young bulls were sold at the various stops. A dairy lecture was given each afternoon in the lec- ti.re car, dealing with feeds, herd lin- provemcnt, and the rearing of young stock, SHEEP AND WOOL. In the sheep and wool car, a very attractive exhibit was presented, pre - for the different grades of hogs under the new grading regulations. Repre- sentative hogs, with the corresponding cured Wiltshire sides, were used in this demonstration. For the conven- ience of farmers desirous of purchas- ing young breeding stock of the bacon producing type, a carload of boars and sows from six to eight months of age the progeny ora grade ram, attracted was included in the train. Many sales, considerable interest through the les - were made, and good type young son of superior lambs from the pure breeding stock left the train for new bred sire. A full line of shepherd's homes at every stop. The supply of , tools and sheepfold requirements was stock was replenished at various shown, and explanations or demon- points along the line of travel by pre- strations in the use of same were vious arrangement. given by the officials in charge. POULTRY KEEPING. BEEF CATTLE. The beef cattle exhibit consisted of a display of steers illustrating market grades and type improvement through the use Of pure bred sires. The On- tario Agricultural College supplied a number , of animals from a breeding experiment that has been under way during the past two years, so that the farmers of the Province could see for themselves the result of good breeding, oultry houses and equipment and of coupled with proper care, feeding and The poultry car was fitted out to demonstrate the most approved meth- ods of selecting, feeding, housing and preparing poultry and poultry pro- ducts for market. In the exhibit were included live birds showing desirable types for egg production medals() these formeat production. Culling demon- strations were given throughout the day, being illustrated with living specimens and skeletons. Models of hatching and brooding devices, occu- management. Prom .,the five cars of led a prominent position in the ex- bulls for sale, many -sales were made: sated the u- tai Mbit. Poultry nutrition was illus-' Buyers were looking for quality d traced in an attractive way through` appree g a guarantee and the getting a U when ing rations used in chick rearingand' purchasing from the- government. ' To i indicate the type of farmer t the results. The Canadian Egg p that •the Standard was well illustrated by a lessons taught by the train was reach - an the use of colored transparencies, giv- likelihood of tt' good bull continuous candling and g d' d inn, it can be said that out of the monstration. Killing and plucking, as first fifteen bulls sold, all but one went ra. Ine g - � done by the expert in charge, was a to farms where the owner hadano't lanes revelatio'i: to many, as the loosened viously kepta pure bred.esirel, feathers were stripped from the bird The demonstration train attracted in the s1?ort space of one minute: and enl,Fhtened farmerse vho hithertro DAIRYING- had been disinclined to -;admit the ad- The dairycow car' contained vantages of pure' bred- sires and of 1 e e• alnIo good better live stock grade ewes, representing the Tlal�tein, Britain Needs Wrangel Island. Wiiijalinu'r Stefansson, who is urg- ing Britain to assert its rights to Wrangel Island, because it will be- come an important base for wireless and airplanes when mail carrying across the Arctic has become a com- monplace. Soviet Russia is reported to have given orders to prevent any British ship reaching the Islands. Eat Vegetables for Vitamins, By L. F. Burrows, Secretary, Can- adian Horticultural Council. Comparatively recent is the addition of the word "Vitamin". to our vocabu- lary, and even though the use of the word is now common, its meaning is not yet understood. Physicians have long recognized the value of vege- tables in- the daily diet and we are now told that this value lies largely in the fact that they contain vitamins, and that vitamins are necessary to life. Some vegetables contain greater quantities and of different kinds than others. Three distinct kinda of vita- mins have been named "A," "B" and ace 'Vitamin "A" is a mysterious ele- ment in food, without which children cannot, grow, but which grown folks also need. Shortage of vitamin "A" leads to disease of the eye, skin, and kidneys, and may cause bad teeth, diarrhoea, pellagra and other ail- ments. As a rule, seeds of all kinds are rather deficient in vitamin "A," although green peas contain appreci- able amounts. Leafy plants, on the other hand, are valuable foods in this regard. Spinach and chard are prob- ably the richest of the common leafy foods in this element; lettuce ranks next, with cabbage holding third place. The roots and tubers vary, sweet potatoes and carrots ranking `first, while white or Irish potatoes contain but a small amount, and it is doubtful if beets, rutabagas and parsnips con- tain appreciable amounts. Tomatoes, however, are very rich in vitamin "A" and Hubbard squash is also a valuable source. Little work has been done on the fruits, but there is evidence that apples, bananas and oranges contain small amounts of this vitamin. Vitamin "B" is guardian of good digestion and proper functioning of the liver and other glands. This vita- min is found in the germ and branny portion of cereals. In the milling of wheat, however, this vitamin is so completely removed that the best grades of flour are entirely lacking. This does not mean that we should condemn the white breads, starchy foods, white rice, etc.; it merely means that we must choose our foods intelligently and eat more vegetables. Potatoes, sweet and white, contain appreciable amounts of vitamin "B," although the turnip and onion are more valuable in this regard. The beet root contains a fair amount, although its leaves appear to be much richer: This vitamin is also found in the to- mato, cabbage, spinach, lettuce, pars- ley, and the lowly dandelion, the to- mato being especially valuable. While many fruits have not been? studied, it is probably safe to state that most fruit j ,dices contain appre- ciable amounts of -vitamin "B," It is likewise probably true that nuts are valuable sources of this vitamin, in- asmuch as all nuts that have been studied contain appreciable amounts. Vitamin "C" prevents disease and promotes the general health. Lack of it gives the skin' a bad'"'coloe and makes the heart weak. It has long been known that lemons, limes, oranges,, and fresh fruits were curative in scurvy. It has only been in recent years thatwe have understood that this curative effect was due to vitamin "C." While oranges have been 'used for a number of years in the treats merit of infantile scurvy, it is only recently that it has become the com- mon practice to supply orange juice to infants as part of 'the regular feeding practice. More recently it has been discovered that tomato juice is prac- tically equal to the juice of the orange in this regard, and many physicians in the poorer districts of the large cities are prescribing strained tomato juice in place of orange juice. The juice -of canned tomatoes seems to be very satisfactory for this purpose, in- dicating that the canning process is not particularly destructive as far as vitamin "0" is concerned. Berries are known to have scurvy -curing proper- ties, although little investigational work has been done. The Swedish turnip or rutabaga is very valuable as a source of vitamin "C" and the same is true of the car- rot. Young carrots are apparently more valuable than old carrots and this appears to be true for many vege- tables. As a rule, it is probably safe to state that the vitamin content of vegetables is highest at the time that the vegetable is most prized from the standpoint of tenderness and taste. Potatoes, onions and parsnips are also considered valuable antiscorbutic foods. Rhubarb, lettuce and cauli- flower must also be included in the list, while lovers of cabbage salad and "slaw" will be glad to know that raw cabbage is one of the best sources of vitamin "C" that we have. Tomatoes have the three kinds of vitamines necessary to human health. Most vegetables have one or two but seldom all three. It is probably best to eat our fruits and vegetables in the fresh form when it is possible to do so. There is little, however, to be feared from the usual methods of canning and cooking. If we eat a sufficient amount of vege- tables and fruits throughout the year, it will not matter if a small percent- age of the vitamins are destroyed in the cooking process; As a rule, long continued heating or cooking is con- sidered undesirable, and air should be excluded as far as possible. It is not necessary that we be vege- tarians. We should be reasonable and sensible and not faddists. Every diet, especially that of growing children, should contain milk, butter, eggs, fresh vegetables, and fresh fruits if we expect to obtain the best results. Various fruit and vegetable canning recipe books have been issued from time to time, but the best that has re- cently come to my attention is that issued by the Fruit Branch of the Do- minion Department of ' Agriculture. These booklets contain recipes which have been thoroughly tested, are prac- tical and economical. They may be had free upon application to the Fruit Commissioner, Department of Agri- culture, Ottawa. He Needed Another Year. "Position wanted" ran an adver- tisement in a Shanghai newspaper. "A young Chinese with four years' ex- perience in English seeks place as a junior clerk. Salary no objection," As "a matter of fact,, it usually 'isn't. Keep looking ahead unless you are in a pasture with a ram. Home Education "The Child's First School la the Family"--Frocbel." Mother's Clothes—By Lydia Lion Roberts "Why, mother," cried the little boy, his eyes shining, "you look just like a schoolgirl in that white waist and blue tie. , I like that, wear it again l". Children do notice mother's clothes and are quite fine little critics. It is. interesting and profitable to question the reasons for their approval or dis- approval of various dresses, and a wise mother will talk over her clothes with the children. If she explains the reason she chose a certain color, how she matched her hat to her gloves,' why this cloth is stronger than some-, thing else, and all the little effects that combine thrift and goodtaste, the children will not only be pleased at her confidence In their understanding,; but Neill absorb much useful knowledge l about clothes. • Sometimes a mother does' not realize the pride and interest the children take in her clothes. "I Iike to go out with you since you made that new skirt," said ai little girl, "the other one didn't look so nice." If a mother gets careless or dis- couraged and lets her clothes • lose, their charm, the children resent it even if they do not voice it. It is only; fairto the ' children for mother to upend as much 'effort laid thought on her own" clothes _ as she does on their •; fascinating apparel, and then in later years they will not demand every l thing, but will want mother to have pretty things too. It pays to understand and weigh a child's remarks about clothes as that is one way of learning how the little brain is working. A mother came into the room where two boys were playing and showed them her new silvery gray straw hat. "You look just like a hearse," an- nounced the younger boy delightedly. The remark was rather startling, but the mother smiled and said, "Do you like hat?" e Oh, yes, it's so shiny and pretty;" replied the boy, "and I like the silver, look." "Did you see anything to -day about that same color?" asked the mother still searching for the reason back of that first remark." "fires; I Saw a carriageallsilver and shiny Iike your,• hat, nodded' the child, "and brother said it was a hearse." The connection vas explained, for, childil.e, he had connected the .first gray hearse he had seen with the sil- very :gray hat His mind was e rasp- ing the. fact of, a new color effect:. 1"f the mother, had been. irritated at his impulsive remark, or had laughed it away, she would have hurt the child and' driven Ids new thoughts and con- fidences back into himself: To dress tastefully, to bring the children into companionship with mother by sensibly discussing clothes and the art of dressing, to make it a jolly, festive occasion when mother has . something' new, is to realize that in the development of the child life an important part is played even ;by, another's clothes. 'ltiii&L;". ;.-i.,. _, "• Dissolve in boiling water Use enough to get a big lasting suds Big lasting suds—one secret of Rinso's amaz- ing power to dissolve dirt. If you don't get .lasting suds, you have not used enough Rinso. Soak an hour or more 071a4`,;a,„ (Colored cloths only half an hour) After soaking, only the most soiled clothes need a light rubbing with dry Rinso. Your clothes don't need boiling if you use Rinso. But if you like to boil your white cottons, use enough Rinso solution to get the suds you like. Rinso is made by the largest soap makers in the world to do the family, »sash as easily and safely as LUX does fine things. LEVER BROTHERS LIMITED TORONTO R302 POULTRY For several years past, the food value and medicinal qualities of yeast have been constantly before us. As to its tonic properties, as an aid to di- gestion and assimilation, as a correc- tive of constipation tendencies, and an appetite stimulator, it has been thor= oughly and satisfactorily tried out— first by the family and now with the poultry_ One of the first experiments in feed- ing yeast to baby chicks, was found to be so satisfactory that its use as a general poultry feed has been adopted. It is prepared by soaking a pack- age in a half -gallon of water until the yeast is soft. Then it is made into a soft batter with cooked potatoes and flour, and allowed to raise. Then it is stiffened with cornmeal until crumbly, and spread out in the sun to dry. When it is thoroughly dry it may he sacked and stored for use, and will keep indefinitely if placed in a dry place where it will not mold. For feeding 'baby chicks, goslings, ducks or turkeys, it may either be" crumbled fine or soaked until soft; but do not feed oftener than threw times a week. For feeding the older fowls, allow a pint for each dozen fowls, mixed with the other feed used. It may be given either as a dry feed, or with a wet mash. The Silo Foundation Has a Hard Job. The silo foundation has two big jobs —it has to carry the vertical load of the silo walls and the bursting strain caused by the settling of the silage. To insure that it will do both jobs, use plenty of steel re -enforcing and make the masonry footings wide, so as to prevent uneven settling with the resulting cracking. Regardless of the kind of foundation that you 'build, al- ways use the best of materials. Prob- ably there are more . silos standing upon concrete foundations to -day than upon any other. The silo foundation on my neigh- bor's farm was made with dirty gravel (in the concrete), and the result is, the foundation has gone to o pieces within a year after building. This same 'gravel was used for other work about the farm with pretty good ref sults, but under the peculiar strain of the silo foundation it went to pieces. Use one part cement, twoand one- half of sand, and four parts of crush-- ed rush-ed rock or graded gravel for silo work: Use -only clean, sharp sand, and water that is good_ to drink. - Dirty water will not -make good concrete,—R:• 1. "Kraut or pickle -kegs , and tubs are cleaned -thus;' writes a subscriber "I use plenty of boiling water, in which bicarbonate of soda is dissolved Ate- pound e- pound .of soda to 'a gallon of Water). After the kegs have 'been well scalded, I place them in the sun for several' days, then go :over the in- side of the keg or tub with melted pato-wax or paraffin. This makes the keg perfectly sweet inside and keeps:` it•from leaking." i. Let us remember that the only way' to keep our life peaceful and happy Id' to keep the heart at rest,—C. IL Spurgeon. - See that you lay drains below the frost -line and out of the way of the` plow -point. F' :KERS' BOOKLETS, SENT FREE Any of the following may, be had fres, on application to the Publications Branch Department of Agriculture Ottawa, Canada The Milking Machina. Report Experimental Station, Kapue- leasing, Ont., 1922. Pigeons. Fruit and Fruit Packages. Hardy Roses', Co-operation in Marketing Poultry Produce. Fox Ranching in Canada. The Influence of Feeds and Feeding on the Type of Market Hogs. Dairying In New Zealand and Aus'. tralia. Weeds and Weed Seeds. Bran, Shorts and Middlings and Feed Flour. Finishing Lambs for the Block. Recleaned Elevator Screenings as 4• Food for Live Stock. The Feeding of Sheep. Swine Husbandry in Canada. The Winter Feeding of Beef Cattle if>I Ontario. Meill'eur Cheese. Is Cow Testing Worth While? Crate Feeding. Standardized Grades of Eggs. Preparing Poultry Produce for Market, List et 350 Publications. The Preservation of Eggs in the Home. Name , Post Office R.R. No. Province (No stamp 'required) A 2riTEATISZ orsm This hook is one of tie - r best, rrr written 1 rthe horsemen and ti fuamer. Ir, plain, o'rq], 0,0101,1'. sta.dahle ICn„U.h is Maus with rvr.ry ailment that horseflesh Is iniir to, and tells how to treat thom, It has Ober',tore on shone nod shoeing. breeding rind feeding. The look le worth many dollars to the handler of boreuis hot all you In,e to do. le to ask your druggist for It. it it absolutely free. Fiera isnue ,gdu ion " Cov.nnr..FwmK, N.H.. Jan, 10, 1929. We are. large buyers of good churning Cream. Our, service'' must be giving satisfaction, as our Patronage Is increasing' every year. Ask for nartteulars —if -you lire within 200 miles .of. Toronto. -- TORONTO CRRAIRERY, 9 CHURCH ST., TORONTO (Owned • and Operated by United Farman' Co- 000fellve,. Ltd.) "Please send mo -by matt your GREAT book. ebo ring posittole aid Rotlous' o{ nick ton e. Hoyt- horn using your-Emelall'a hpi.ia meat- mentfor years and think Me la agreat treatneu£.'^ Pasty 001trllli. If your druggist bac not a copy of the book left write nv direct I Dr. Cd. J: KENDALL CO., Enogburri FOSS, in.. U.S.A. 8 t?SUy'`N '37-'-'23