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The Exeter Advocate, 1923-7-12, Page 6At a'eff aedieltte `"t^o�y��``i+. er'7. lea ''. `ti. -,^f•.__ `.....- ,:- ''' Address cemtnunicatione to Agronon tst. 7'3• Adeielde St. West. Toronto SEEDING ALFALFA: . In experirnents.'conducted at the Agricultural College at Guelph, it has . • been found that excellent results have been obtained froth sowing alfalfa - alone on a summer fallow in the - month of July. When sown at that time on a motet soil, germination is rapid• and the plants'are enabled to make a good growth before winter, There is not apt to be a prolonged drouth after July. By this method weeds are unable to produce seed in autumn and the al- falfa has an excellent opportunity to gat well established. N:tro-Culture Inocu?ationof Alfalfa .n d --To get the best returns from, the alfalfa ere') the alfalfa seed. ehi;u:ct be •inoculated a few hours be-, fa••.t .>ooing, with the alfalfa nitro C :Wee. t When inoculated seed is sown the he eerie which constitute the culture etre in position to enter the young roots of the alfalfa as they develop. On entering the roots the bacteria multiply and produce the character- istic nodules (little swellings) on the roots. The action of the bacteria ' when growing in the roots is to enable the plant to utilize the atmospheric nitrogen as a source of food supply.; No plants other than the legumes (tae., alfalfa,. clovers, peas and beans) can , do this, and these plants cannot do it without the right bacteria being pres- ent in the roots. Different species of bacteria are necessary for the differ -i ent species of legumes. Inoculation of alfalfa seed often 1 means the difference between a good,' vigorous, growthy crop and a poor, spindly' light crop. ; Alfalfa nitro culture (price 50c) may be obtained on application to the' 1 act >riologicaI Department of the Ontario Agricultural College, Guelph.: Extrect from a letter received from C. 1.. Worthington, Cornox, B.C.: t 1 .e inoculated portion of my al- fall,: c:r; p has flourished exceedingly I and i making most luxurious growth, entirel;.• crowding out the weeds, and j sho wii-g a splendid color. The un - mac n:•tted portion has almost entirely: died r•ut- and the few plants left were small end very pale. In fact, I have' now plowed them up. "I May say that about the time I owed ;nine a good many neighbors did the same, but they did not inocu- late. Their plots this spring, without; ex.eption, are a pitiful spectacle—i weeds with a few sickly alfalfa plants left." with a pair of small, pruning shears Made for that purpose. The work can be:done rapidly and without any in- jury to the remaining fruit, which is impossible if the fruit is pulled off by band. A light ladder such as is used for picking fruit is satisfactory. It found that a fairly good lob can be done in an hour on a tree likely to produce from eight to ten barrels. One test made on Gravenstein with a heavy set of fruit gave results as follow: Trees Trees thinned not thinned No. 1 70.1 p.c. 42. p.c. No. 2 23.8 p.c. 38.05 p.c. No. 3 5.6 p.c. 16.13 p.c. Culls .5 p.c. 3.22 p.c. From the above it will be seen that where the fruit is thinned, there is a great increase in the percentage of No. 1 fruit, many of the No, 2 apples going into that, grade, and that the No. 3 apples are almost • entirely eliminated. The fact that the No. 2•' apples are raised to Nol's accounts for the small loss in bulk from the thinning; in some cases no loss is evident. In the experiment outlined above the reduction in bulk was only 1.67 per cent, In the Ben Davis thin -1 ning experiments the No. 3 fruit was reduced by 18 per cent. and the No. is and No. 2's increased 20 per cent, over those from similar trees not thin- ned. In Starks the No, 3's were re- duced 12 per cent, and the No. 1's and No. 2's increased 16 per cent. In Greening's the No. 3's were reduced 10 per cent, and the No. l's and No. 2's increased 15 per cent. If thinning were to be generally practiced much time would be saved in the handlint. of the crop on the term and in the packing house, and any expense attached to the operation w.:uld be more than offset by this sav- ing.—Experimental Farm Note. THINNING APPLES. The reason for thinning the set of apples on a tree is to reduce the num- ber of low grade apples. Inferior apples may be due to insect or fungus injury, over -production on a spur re-, suiting in a lack of size and unifornr- icy, or faulty pollination. The object • of thinning therefore is to remove de -1 fective fruits and also some of those growing in clusters, so that the re- maining apples will grow larger, of a' greater uniformity and of a better color. It is important to have a good set of fruit, but it is impossible in � general to expect a tree with a heavy set of fealt to mature a high percent-; age of first grade apples. One often + notices a heavily laden tree producing remarkably uniform apples, and this , is possible on a very vigorous tree growing under favorable conditions. In most cases, however. if the set is! good. thinning of the fruit is neces- sary if the No. 3 apples are largely to be eliminated, as they should be. There certainly is little if any profit in inferior fruit, and the expense of thinning is offset by not having this fruit to pick and handle. Thinning is done about the middle of July in Nova Scotia, or soon after the drop of ineffectively pollinated apples has taken place. This drop very often thins the apples adequately , —in some cases too much—making it unnecessary to remove any but the deformed or diseased fruits. The second or third week in July, when the apples are one-half to three- quarters of an inch in diameter, is as late as thinning should be done,a'for at this time the drop has been conn plcted and the remaining apples are beginning to receive the benefit of this removal. If the set is heavy the apples should be thinned to only one in a cluster; or in extreme cases some clusters might be entirely re- moved. It is sometimes claimed that fruits should be at least four inches apart; some growers say six inches, and others contend that eight inches is close enough. Tests made on Ben Davis trees at Xentville show that 23 per cent. of the apples were re- moved when the fruit was thinned to four inches apart, 22 per cent. when thinned to one fruit to a cluster, and 36 per cent: when thinned to sib; inches apart. It is necessary to remove the fruit THE RAVAGES OF THE POUL- TRY RED MITE. Few keepers of poultry realize the full extent of the injury done by red mites. With the warmer weather the mites flourish and multiply until the, poultry buildings become infested with these pests, and the harm is done. The red mite- is the most dangerous of the external parasites that attack fowl, and if allowed to spread un- checked, far worse losses might accrue than breeders imagine.se h parasites are most These injurious to 'young chicks and brood hens. The persistent loss of young chicks and the failure of hens to bring off good hatch - res are often due to the irritation :caused by the unsuspected presence of the red mite. -- -. The attacks of hoards of mites ' weaken and predispose the fowl to ' many maladies, as well as materially reducing the yield of eggs. Some prominent scientists are con- vinced that the bite of the mite is • venomous and that even worse dis- aster might result than merely weak- ened condition brought about by the sucking of the blood. Undoubtedly many cases of disease and debility occurring in the late spring, summer and autumn are di- rectly attributable to these pests; therefore information that will red- der easier their recognition and ex- termination should be of interest at. ,this season. Many people are unaware of the presence or appearance of the mite. They may not visit their poultry houses at night and the parasite is nocturnal; it dislikes light. The adult is seldom found on the fowl in the day time, but emerges from the de- xasits of fil+e Back to Work Kendall's Spavin Treatment will get that Lame horse back on the lob again. For more than forty years as Kendall's: Spavin Cure it has been removing spavins, sprint ringbone, thoroughpin and all 'kinds o� body growths. Get itat par druggist's iodate • also the, ftea book "A Treatise an the I/crse and hie Diseases', or wile direct to DR. E. J. KEr!DALL COMPANY, t`nosbtril Falls, Vt., U.S.A. Kendall' £I. cyan Treatment ISSUE No, 27—'23,..: ave ac- cumulated in the cracks and crevices of the house and fittings, and climbs to his r oosti:ig victim to gorge himself with blood. In cold weather the mites are prac- tically dormant, and are seldom seen, but the .advent of summer will bring them forth in their myriads, and un- less vigorous methods are 'taken to check their activities, in 'sone cases the death of the infested fowl will fol- low, or the whole flock will become generally anaemic and unproductive. The presence of the mite may be readily detected by a close examina- tion of the roosts and nest boxes. The practice of running one's hand along underneath the roosts once a day is advisable, as some parasites will ad- hereand can be seen and felt dis- tinctly. Immediate extermination is vital, and steps should be taken at once to rid the building of all material that will harbor and protect the mites.. Fit- tings should be removed, dirt and filth brushed out with a stiff broom, and the inside of the building and furni- ture thoroughly saturated with a pow- erful germicide by means of a spray pump or brush. Some of the coal tar by-products used as sprays vary in efficiency when used in economical strength solutions; but where the mites are evident in small batches and only in places, these insecticides may be applied with a brush in their .full commercial strength. A five or ten 'per cent.. solution of carbolic acid is very effective, but not without danger as a spray. It can, however, be recommended if proper precautions are taken.• The most economical and effective preparation is a five to ten. per Meritt solution of coal oil and soap suds, which should be applied twice with an interval of two or three days be- tween applications: The brain is the .most variable in size and quality of all the parts of the human body. Does it pay to spray potatoes? Last year in over 400 demoiestrations well - sprayed potatoes shoveed' sn increase of seventy-four bushels' per acre, and the use of disease-free seed resulted in an increase of"siety rine bushels per acre. THE SIN AY SCHOOL LESSON JULY. 15 "Simeon Peter—John 1::35-42; Matthew 4: 18=.22; 14: 28-31; 17: 1-13; Luke 5: 1-10;' 22:31-34, 54-62; John 18: 10,11:; 20: 1.10; 21': 1-23; Acts 2: 1-5, 42;.8: 14-25; 9: 32 to 12: 19; 15: 7-11; Gal. 2: 11, Golder; Text— Lord,. thou knowest all things; thou knowest that I love thee.—John 21: 17. LESSON SETTING ---Our study this week is the life of Simon Peter. It is the study of a great character in the making, of a great leader in the training. I.'PETER RECEIVING HIGH PRAISE, MATT.. 16:13-18. V. 13. The coasts of Caesarea Phil- ippi. "Coasts" means vicinity of Cae- sarea Philippi, which was a city away north o•€the Sea of Galilee, and lying at the base of Mount Hermon. Jesus comes here to find a place of. retire- ment with his disciples. The times are critical. with Jesus. The multitude have failed to grasp the real meaning of his ministry and the religious class has become openly hostile. What about his disciples? Do they understand? That I the Son of man am? Son of man is Jesus' favorite name for him- self. It is his title of humiliation. This first question is only to prepare for th'e second question. Vs. 14-16. Some say John .., Elias . . Jereynias. These popular judgments recognize the greatness of Jesus, .but not his uniqueness or his Messiahship. They seek to explain hint by the past. His boldness of speech suggests to then John the 'Baptist or Elijah. His compassion reminds then of the tenderness of Jeremiah, Jer. 9: 1. Whom say ye that I am? This is the vital question. Simon Peter ans- wered. Peter is usually first in word and action. Christ, the Son of the liv- ing God. The greatness of this ans- wer is its acknowledgment of Jesus as Messiah. Vs, 17, 18. Blessed art thou. Jesus is deeply stirred by the answer. It is an answer from Peter's own heart, in which God's spirit had been working. Flesh and blood hath not revealed. No person had communicated this truth to Peter. Neither did it spring from the Jewish ideas of the Messiah, which Peter shared with his countrymen. Thou art Peter, and upon this rock, The meaning of Peter is "rock," and now Peter has given expression to a rock -like truth. It is the blessedness of Peter, not that he is the foundation rock of the Church, but that he had uttered the foundation rock of the Church,—the Messiahship of Christ. Gates of hell. No power of evil shall prevail against a church so founded. II. PETER RECEIVING STERN REBUKE, 21-23. V. 21. From that time forth; from the time that Jesus' Messiahship is an acknowledged fact in the disciple band. To spew unto his disciples. It is one thing to recognize Jesus as the Messiah; another thing to understand how that Messiahship must be realized.' This is what Jesus must teach his dis- ciples now. That he must go unto Jerusalem. His Messiahship is a suf-: fering Messiahship. Jesus does not speak of this suffering as a human re- sult, but as a divine purpose, clearly; foreseen and calmly faced. Raised .. the third day. It is to be a triune--; phant suffering, ending in resurrec tion. Vs. 22, 23. Peter took him. Peter is startled by this announcement, and in } his horror at the thought, grasps the: hand of Jesus. Began to rebuke him;1 a loving protest • against the thought. What Peter says he says from true! love of the Master. Get thee behind; me, Satan. Peter's infallibility did not' last very long. An offence. The foun- dation stone has suddenly become a stone of stumbling in the'way of duty. Savourest not the things that be of God. "Thou thinkest not with God."; III. PETER RECEIVES A GREAT COMMIS- SION, JOHN 21:15-17. Vs. 15-17. When they had dined; scene,—shores of Galilee. Time, --after Peter's denial and Christ's death and resurrection. Lovest thou me anore than these; not more than the other disciples, but.more`than the nets and the boat and the old fishing' life to which Peter had gone' back. Thou. knowost that I love thee. Peter ap- peals to Jesus' knowledge of his in- most heart. In spite of his denial, he loves Jesus and he knows that Jesus knows of that love. Feed my lambs. Jesus had once called Peter to be a fisher of men. Now he called him to be a shepherd of those who are weak, as Peter himself had once been. Jesus' way of showing Peter that he was for- given was to ,call him again to service, He sajth . . the third time; no refer- ence in this threefold question to Peter's threefold denial, but 'only an impressive way of recalling Peter in love from the past with its failures, to a great commission of love and seivice. APPLICATION. A Great Confession. Some people are at their best when they utter their "first thoughts." A great preacher complained recently that too , few Christian people acted upon their first impulses, but rather weighed every- thing so carefully that they became worldly. When Jesus asked Peter for a statement of his belief about Jesus, Peter gave utterance to his first thoughts, and said, "Thou are the Christ, the Son of the living God," v. 16. That was the answer for which Jesus longed. Ile knew that the scribes and Pharisees hated hint, and the com- mon people, though they admired him, had no conception of his Deity. But here at last, one of his chosen twelve had risen to the supreme thought of God's purpose in Christ. The Impulsiveness of a Good Man, There are several recorded incidents in the life of Peter which make us impatient with him. He was impul- sive to the point of being unstable. Verses 21-23 of to -day's lesson are in line with several other scenes in which Peter is seen in none too favorable a light. In Matthew 14: 28-31 we have an account of Peter endeavoring to walk on the water to Jesus. When Jesus, on the occasion of the Last Supper, intimated that one of the disciples would betray him, and that they all would be scattered (Matt, 26: 31-35), Peter hastened to avow his faith and his willingness to die for Jesus. When shortly afterwards Jesus was arrested, it was Peter who drew a sword and cut off the high priest's ear, Matt. 26:51. . These incidents all bear witness to Peter's impulsiveness. We need to remember that Peter was in the making. He was far from be- ing sure of himself. Some of his im- pulses—such as his great confession —were good; others only served to show how immature he was. Peter's Fall (Luke 22: 54-62) While the story of Peter's fall is not found in the printed portion of to- day's lesson, it will be necessary to study it briefly in order to understand the restoration as given in John 21: 15-17. One of the chief lessons to be learned from Peter's fall is the danger of over-confd Peter's Restoration. It is often said that conduct indicates character. No doubt in the main this is true but not always. Peter was not at his best that night when he denied Jesus. One lie does not make a man a liar, and one rash, weak act on Peter's part does not mean that he had no excellent qualities. In the memorable conversa- tion in John 21: 15-17 Jesus made no reference to Peter's fall. Peter the Apostle. Peter laid well to heart the lesson of his fall. His humil- iation was complete, but his reliance upon divine strength markedhis sub- sequent career: Acts 4:13 makes strange reading after what we know about Peter. The mud has become rock. What had wrought this great change in Peter? Our answer will be found in Acts 4:8, "Then Peter, filled with the Holy Spirit!" Peter no longer relied upon his own strength, but in divine aid.. How We Use Cement REPAIRS LEAKY ROOF. A chimney on a lean-to at the back of one of the houses where we lived caused considerable inconvenience to the ladies by letting the water run down every time it rained. I mixed up a batch of cement (about a fifty per cent. mixture), just thick enough to trowel handy, and placed• around the chimney and well out on the shingles. It has not leaked to this day, and that was eight years ago.—Geo. B. Clink. REPAIRED OLD TANK TWENTY. YEARS AGO. I have used cement for foundations under buildings, 'for floors and man- gers in horse and cow stables. For making abutments, for setting wind- mill derricks, for well curbings, fox walls, for making cisterns, and am going to make cement manure _pits far my barns. An idea which my wife suggested to me twenty years ago has since mate- rialized on .a great many farms. My galvanized stock tank leaked lit many places. I could not get a new one just thee:, so mixed up a rich; cement and plastered it inside. When it dried I found I had mended my tank and it will do service for' many year's yet. -W. G. B'racebridge. • MAKES GATE POSTS SECURE.. •:r use cement to hold my gate 'and corner posts in place. This is how I .do it: The post hole isdug and the post put in position. I then pour in about two pails of cement, drop in a layer of stone, then another layer of cement and stones, and repeat until the hole is filled. If the hole is made the. proper size this will not only keep any post in place but will make braces unnecessary. -Walter. Anthes. BUILDS RAT -PROOF CORN CRIB.. •A. few ,-years, ago I` :constructed a corn crib and for sills I used two six- inch channel steel beams thirty feet long, placed on four cement pillars. I placed sills ,four and one-half feet` apart and used cement for floor. I used lumber to support my cement until • it was set. I placed five three -quarter - inch rods through sills to keep them from spreading and the teeth bars from an old spike harrow to reinforce the cement. I bolted two-by-four scantling to top of sills to toenail my: studding to, and cement comes to top of two-by-four's,` which makes cement eight inches thick at sides and five inches thick in centre, as I arched nay form three inches. My crib is ten feet high and have had it full and: itholds up perfectly. I have never seen a rat head 'coming ' through it, either: I have also cement floor in all my stables and find them the cleanest and best conservers of manure of any floor; T have ever'tried. T.. C. Stearns:.., -. isee tet: Make .the Rinso liquid first Do not put Rinse- direct from the package into the tub. Mix half a package of Ririso'• in a little cool - water until it is like cream. Then add two quarts of boiling water, and when the froth sub- sides, you will have a clean amber -coloured liquid. Add this liquid to the wash tub, until you get the big Tasting Rinso suds. Then soak the clothes clean. t:e ii Rinso is as splendid for the regular family washing as Lux is for fine fabrics. Lever Brothers Limited Toronto 8305 41: 1n'D."n ".°,'• t.�'•A"iiia DAIRY It is not advisable, in fact, danger- ous, to allow cows -to drink from stag- nant pools regardless of their size. Stagnant water soon becomes contam- inated with dangerous germs that are not only likely to cause sickness in the herd, but infect the milk and make it unfit for human food. I can cite an instance where a whole farnily was taken sick as a result of cows drink- ing rinking impure water. While I have plenty of fresh cool water running through my pasture I also have a large cement tank in the yard at the barn" where my cows can, obtain all the water they need. I no- tice just before my cows go into the; stable at night they go to the tank; and fill up on water. They seen; to, like the water from the well the best.. A Source of Reliable Mover Seed. During recent years red clover seed produced in the Dryden district of New Ontario has been giving excep- tionally god(' results wherever used through Canada. The findings of fanners have been confirmed by grow- ing tests carried out at the Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, and at Branch Farms elsewhere in the north- ern latitudes. The success attained by this seed has created an active de- mand for it, especially from the bet- ter class farmers of Ontario. During the past season the local Co-operative Association of Seed Growers at Ox- drift, xdrift, consisting of some seventy ac- tive members, cleaned and sold for Canadian consumption some $30,000. of clover seed. In order to safeguard the identity of approved seed from northern On- tario, official inspection is to be given selected local clover fields during this season. The _work of inspection and certification will be carried on jointly by the Ontario Department of Agri- culture, the Federal Department of Agriculture, and the Canadian Seed; Growers' . Association. Canada im- ports "millions of pounds of clover seed annually, much of it 'coming from warmer climates and 'therefore less suitable for Canadian conditions than the New Ontario seed. This new pol- icy, which was decided on at a meeting held at Oxdrift on June 15, should not only assist in further developing clover seed farming in New Ontario, but also assist the Canadian farmers 'in obtaining a thoroughly reliable class of -clover seed. THE CHILDREN'S HOUR OUR FEATHERED FRIENDS— THE BOBOLINK. BY LEREINE BALLANTYNE. Perched on. the fence, pouring forth his song of ecstasy, the bobolink can be seen any summer's day near a hay or clover field. He is a rollicking fel- low with his patchy Coat of yellow and black turning perhaps to snowy white near the tail. His vest is black, and a bright yellow spot marks the base of his head. Near by his wife is no doubt brooding upon her nest woven of grasses and concealed upon the ground. She is more faded looking, with almost an olive tint, but thOlot streaked back and crown and buffy line over the. eye are distinctive. The Bobolink spend his summer in Canada, where he is welcomed as an irreproachable bird who charms us with his song, and whose bad habits have yet to be discovered. During the early part of the summer his food consists of injurious insects, and later this is mixed with weed seeds, so that he is indeed a great friend to the thrifty farmer. In the autumn his coat takes amore sombre hue becoming ochre with the brown stripes of the female. His song, too, is not so sweet, and then' he joins flocks of his species where they frolic in the marshes till the cold days of fall warn them- to seek a warmer cli- mate for the winter. Then it is he completely loses his northen identity and protection, for in the south he is known as the Ricebird which settles upon the crops in thousands and causes decided damage. There he is sold often when shot. Whatever his' faults are in the south, however, he is loved as a very useful bird and one of our .sweetest singers in the north. So you see he leads a sort of double life. Railway Gradients. Few gradients upon railways - are steeper than 1 to 60. Modern locomo- tives will take much steeper gradients, but they are not economical to wok. ,., Kindness to animals is a. theme that ought to be touched upon frequently by every preacher and every writer whose aim is to make this world bet- ' ter.. Opportunities in - the 'Veterinary Pr fessh If' you desire to enter into a profession you should con- sider what the new field of Veterinary Science has to offer. Graduates have splendid opportunities for a successful' career. You should Inquire. Session g3 October let 1923 Write for bulletin and calendar to C. D. McGilvray, M,D.V., Principal Veterinary Ontario i terk rCollege GUELPH Aftiilated with Universisty'of Toronto ONTARIO Under the Ontario Department of Agriculture