The Exeter Advocate, 1923-4-19, Page 2Address communications to Agronomist, 73 Adelaide St. West. Toronto
;SOME COMMON CHICK DISEAS-
ES --THEIR PREVENTION AND
CONTROL.
i
Environmental Predisposition to
Disease ---The normal animal body
under naturalconditions is not a very
th r wth and
Chick mortality is something which suitable medium for e g
`Will always have to be contended with, aWhenpth s tdoes take place theathogenic�ismsPar-
and no matter what steps are taken asites aro almost invariably assisted
there will stili be a certain death rate, by other agents. If a "slums" condi-
as in all other classes of animals. tion is created there must follow a.
What this ean be reduced to, cannot harvest of chick fatalities as a pen
be predicted at the present time. It ally just as there is a high infant
is safe to say, however, that should
effective attention be given to some
causes, which are easily remedied,
there naturally will be a reduction in
the number of deaths.
mortality under similar conditions.
It may not be apparent to many
just what constitutes chick slums, nor
how near they have permitted condi-'
Normal chick rrcortaltxy.--This ver- tions to approach this undesirable
les greatly according to the conditions , state, As contributing factors we,
of flock mann ems t W'h th 'have crowding, fouled soil, eontamin-
efoung reared eared under comparatively ated utensils, bad ventilation, insani-
raarmal conditions, rwhere the flack is tary quarters, insufficient or yariable
small, the range liberal though pro.
heat supply and unsuitable food,
tected, the food and attention as well Of crowding little need be said as
it must be apparent to all that the
larger the number the greater be-
comes the hazard from disease. Close
cohabitation favors the quick spread
or all of these conditions are inter -of infection and increased virulence
tiered with the death rate frequently of disease.
increases to an alarming extent. The soil can, and frequently does,
In many instances the chick's life become the source from which many
;has been settled before the egg leaves chick epizootics have their serious be
the oviduct; for example, the hatch- ginning. Certain protozoa, capable of
ability varies greatly between eggs setting up disease in the alimentary
handled and incubated in precisely the tract, are able to live in the soil. When
same manner. Chick diseases with the soil becomes polluted with feces
their resulting mortality are due to these lower forms of life become
predisposing and exciting causes. greatly increased in number. This
favors a return of the parasites to
Predispositions — Predisposition to the hosts' gut in large numbers, re -
disease is generally passed over far }salting in the loss of much life.
too lightly and it is regretted that Utensils which are left with part -
such is the case, If one wishes to see ides of food attached for anything
just the part it plays take two hatches like protracted periods are excellent
of chicks, the one where the percent places for the colonization of bacteria,
age hatched leas been low and with While these in every instance may not
low vitality, while the other bunch is be pathogenic organisms they fre-
just the opposite—strong, sturdy and quently are capable of causing diges-
aetive. As a usual thing it is no neat tive disorders resulting in diarrhoea
ter of conjecture as to which will be of a fatal nature
as the sanitary and hygienic condi-
tions being all that ean be desired,
the loss usually is reduced to a mini-
mum.. On the other hand when part
the harder to raise, and which will be' Ventilation must be maintained
the more subject to disease, zoithozct producing draughts The
We should differentiate between a • quarters must not be so close, how -
large knob at one end, into which were
driven large -headed nails.. This was
used as a weapon against robbers and
wild animals. According tothe stories
told in Exodus, Moses' rod was the
instrument by, which he worked mir-
acles. Ellsha used a staff to do won-
dors. The sea. The Red Sea, or as the
Hebrews called' it, "the Sea of Weeds"
corresponds with the modern Gulf of
Suez, opposite a place. called Migdol.
(v. 9) . -where the Egyptians probably
had fortifications to defend their bor-
ders against nomadic invaders.
V. 17.. Harden the hearts of the,
Egyptians. The Hebrews, with their
strong sense of the sovereignty of
God, referred things done by man to
the direct operation of G'od. Thus
when the Egyptians were emboldened
to enter the sea in pursuit of the
Israelites, their action was regarded
as a part of God's plan for Israel's
deliverance. Cod hardened the hearts
of the Egyptians only because they
had first hardened themselves. Get
raze honor upon Pharaoh; by over-
throwing him. A race of helpless
slaves were to be' victorious over . the
powerful Egyptians and the Egyp-
tians themselves would ascribe the
victory to Israel's God.
III. Delivered, 19-22.
V. 19. Up to this juncture, the
angel of God and the pillar of cloud
had gone in front of the Israelites,
but now they moved to the rear.
V. 20. Between the camp of E ypt
and the camp of Israel. The cloud
served as a wall of separation between
the two armies. It is difficult to in-
terpret the Ifebrew text at this point,
but we may suppose that the dark side
of the cloud -was turned to the Egyp-
, tiara and prevented them from seeing
what they were doing while the light
side turned towards Israel and showed
them the way even in the night.
V. 21. It is represented here that a
strong wind drove back the waters in
such a way as to permit the Israelites
to pass through the sea, The miracu-
Ious element would then be that God
should send the wind at the opportune
moment. Geographers maintain that
near the Suez the water is shallow
and that a strong wind, blowing in the
right direction, might lay bare the
channel and permit a passage, In
. modern times Arabtribes have been
known to cross the sea under these
circumstances. But as Driver says,
"the fact of the Israelites' passage of
the Red Sea can be questioned only
by an extreme and baseless scepti-
cism."
prenatal predisposition, and a tend-; ever, that on opening a chicken odor
eney to contract disease as a result of is noticeable, nor must there be suffi-
environment. It is commonly said cient opening to cause the temper -
that a sick hen will not Tay. This is . attire to fall during the colder hours
probably true, but a hen low in vital- of night. Chills have a most disas-
ity will lay, and the chicks hatched' trous effect on young chick life. If the
from her eggs will inherit constitu-, chieks appear listless when let out of
lienal weakness. Consider such gross doors in the morning but soon regain
defects as watery whites and chalky' their normal activity when in the
shells which probably appear in vary-, open, consider the ventilation blade-
ing degrees, frequently to pass un -1 quate. If this continues the chicks'
detected. Both of these substances: health will soon suffer.
must furnish nourishment to the de- I Chick dietetics has received con-
veloping embryo, and it cannot build siderable attention, and the brands of
up a normal body from materials suitable feeds and methods of feeding
which may be lacking in essential sub- are almost legion. When chick mor -
stances. Then again there are the tality increase a finger of doubt is
unseen components of the egg, such almost invariably pointed at the food.
as the newer known vitamines. If a When standard feeds are used, and
hen has laid heavily for some times1 methods followed which have stood
the food supply being deficient in some the test of time, they should be ques-
of these essential substances, and her toned only after all other predispos-
body supply has been called upon until, ing causes of disease have been placed
no longer an available supply exists' beyond doubt.
there, it will naturally follow that the The actual cause of chick disease
egg must be lacking in' these ma-, whether it be protozoa or bacterial
terials. If vitamins are essential to! organisms is of far less concern than
the health and development of a the conditions which permit the spread
growing chick they must be considered, and multiplication of the parasites to
during the twenty days which it' the extent of causing disease..-,
spends in the shell. The presence orLittle hope of treating the subjects
absence of vitamins in cows' milk has' should be entertained; but rather
been found to be dependent upon thea every effort should be given to preven-
animals' food. A food supply, though 1 tion. Time and money expended in
otherwise abundant, but deficient ror sanitation and hygiene are good in -
lacking in vitamins results in a milk surances that will pay well. With the
product correspondingly deficient. foregoing attended to, unless the
Possibly the same can be said of the chicks are subnormal when hatched,
hen's egg, with regard to these elusive the mortality should be maintained at
though essential substances, a minimum.
1,
THE SUNDAY
APPLICATION.
The story of Moses and his"amazing
achievements is so replete with reli-
gious teaching that the difficulty is
one of selection. The following les-
sons, however, are of paramount im-
portance.
1. Let us have reverence for the
little child, -no one can forsee the
vast enterprises that God will ask the
young child to carry through for the
forwarding of the race. One can-
not calculate the influence of a child.
The attention of Christian people is.
being directed persistently in the di-
rection of child preservation and
education. Professor Ellwood, writ-
ing as a Christian sociologist, declares
that "child welfare is the central
problem of civilization, and social sci-
ence shows that it is impossible of
solution without a normal family
life."
2. Leadership and far-reaching
public service do not come by chance,
but are the result of patience, discip-
line, edocation and the training of the
years. One hears of untrained evan-
gelists doing much good, It happens
that way occasionally, but it is well
to remember that one of Jesus' main
ideas was to educate and train the dis-
ciples to carry on his work after his
death. On the whole, the work of the
Christian church will be best carried
on by highly trained men and women.
3. The greatness of a leader lies in
the clarity of his vision and in his de-
votion to the cause so that no tempta-
tion of the world divides his heart for
a moment. Moses set at nought the
riches, the high offices that might
have been his had he simply acquiesc-
ed in the bondage of his people, and
the ease that a prince of Egypt.
might have,—these he tossed to one
side as refuse.
4. Moses brought the world "eternal
gain" because he led it into a new
thought of God, and taught men that
while human oppression was a cruel
thg, dem is seless without
obinediencefreeto divine law.uWe neetdoto
learn this lesson to -day. Of what
avail is it to throw off the yoke of
Nicholas, and take on the yoke of
Lenin without spiritual sanctions?'.
APRIL 22.
Moses, Liberator and Lawgiver. Lesson IV.: Exod 2: 1 to
19: 25; 32: 1 to 33: 23; Deet. 34: 1-18. Golden Text
--Fear ye not, stand still, and see the salvation of the
Lord.—Exod. 14: 13.
LESSON FoaswoRD-Moses may be
described as the founder of the Israel-
ite nation. Only a gigantic personal-
ity could have achieved what he
achieved. He found the children of
Israel in Egypt reduced to slavery,
broken and spiritless. He succeeded in
inspiring them to confidence in Je-
ilovah, in the sure hope that he would
deliver them out of their bondage.
The successive stages of the escape
g. p
from Egypt, with all its exigencies and
dangers, required the leadership of a
`man of consummate ability and that
leadership Moses, through divine
grace, was able to provide..' In to -day's
lesson we catch a glimpse of him in
ane of the critical moments of the
Exodus,
I. Encouraged, 10, 13, 14.
V. 10. Pharaoh,; the official title of
the kings of Egypt. All the kings of
Egypt were called Pharaoh. Rarrieses
Iorhis son, Merneptah, have usually
Ta v
been: regarded the Pharaoh of the
'Exodus, but it is 'difficult to identify
nrith certainty which Paraoil is meant.
The Egyptians marched after them:
Israel had escaped out of Goshen . the
marshy lands, northeast. of the 'Nile
delta, and had reached a point near
the pxesen Suez, when an Egyptian,
army suddenly appeared in their rear.
The Egyptians naturally would not
wish to lose the valuable slave service
Which Israel rendered in the Egyptian
bgilding operations. They' ->ere sore
afraid. With the Red Sea, and possibly
strong frontier fortifications in front
and the well disciplined, well equipped
Egyptian army in the rear, escape
seemed impossible.
V. 13. Moses himself did not flinch.
His faith and courage were equal to
the most critical situations. Stand
still; not in the sense of "remaining
stationary" but of "continuing firm."
The Israelites were not to lose their
courage nor to be seized with panic.
The salvation of the Lord; the deliver-
ance wrought by the Lord. In the
earlier portions of the Old Testament,
the teem "salvation" usually alludes
to physical deliverance or material
well-being.
V. 14. Th,e Lord shall fight. Irl that
age it was' believed that each god was
obliged to fight the battles of his peo-
ple. His fortunes were bound up with
the fortunes of his people. In their
defeat he was defeated, and in their
victory he was victorious. Moses be-
lieved, however, that Jehovah would
be more than. a .match for the Egyp-
tians, even though they were one of
the great military powers of an-
tiquity.
II. Directed, 15-18.
V. 15. Thy rod. Moses" rod was orig-
inally given him by Jehovah, Exod. 4:
17. As he was a shepherd at the time
of his call, the rod may have been that
ordinarily used by shepherds. It was
a club about 21 feet long, with a
A Canadian at Harvard.
Clarence At Warner, formerly of
Napanee, Ontario, is wnother Canadian
who occupies an important post in the
Vn#ted States, as curator of the Cana-
dian section of Harvard University
library. Through his keen interest in
Canadian history he has secured enor-
mous and valuable collections of re-
cords relating to Canadian affairs.
The Food of Pigeons.
.Pxaetically all cereals constitute a
good feed for domestic pigeons, says
a bulletin on pigeons, just issued by
the Poultry Division of the Donainion
Experimental Farms. The best are
peas, wheat, barley, and buckwheat,
which should be fed mixed and whole,
as they are more palatable to the
pigeons. Care must be taken, in
order to avoid bowel and digestive
trouble, not to feed green or absolute-
ly new and unseasoned grain. All
grain should be fed in hoppers, so as
' to keep it clean and wholesome, and
the hoppers should be so constructed
that the birds may not be able to turn
'around on the open front.
As to the value of the various.
grains that may be fed, the bulletin
says: Barley in limited quantities is
a good summer feed; cracked corn is
a good feed when used in limited
quantities, but care should be taken,
owing to its fattening -propensity, not
to use it too freely, especially with
birds in confinement; wheat is one of
the best grains, but the use of im-
mature or new wheat should be avoid-
ed; pigeon breeders look on peas as
essential and they generally form
from 25 to 50 per cent. of the ration;
clipped oats or, better still, grouts, are
recommended during the laying sea-
son; rye is nota satisfactory feed;
hemp is heating,. but can be given oc-
casionally in small quantities to add
variety to the ration, and is looked on
with favor for use during the mating
season. A continual supply of pure
drinking water should be kept before
the birds and in the lofts of pigeons
bred in captivity, hoppers containing
rock salt, fine gravel, crushed oyster
shells, charcoal, and pulverized mor-
tar, in separate compartments, should
be constantly replenished.
His Business Founded on
Putting Away Hams for
the Summer.
I have had quite a number of years'
experience in putting u.p hams for the
summer. As I have never lost a ham
or had one bothered by the, insectsI
gladly give to others the simple pro-
cess I have used.
When the hams are removed from'
the salt they are smoked for several
days. Then I carry them to the kit-
chen. I make' a thick flour paste by
dissolving the flour in cold water and
pouring into the mixture boiling water
until It has come to a starchy thick-
ness. I stir cayenne pepper into this
until it has a reddish cast. About two:
tablespoonfuls poonfuls to 'a gallon of paste
will be right.
I dip each joint of meat into belling
water for an instant to destroy any
insect eggs that may have become at-
tached to it. Then I rub paste over
the ham until it is thoroughly cover-
ed, after which I wrap it in light
brown -wrapping paper, taking care
to see that the paper adheres to and
covers every part of the ham. Thus
all flies are excluded from coming in
contact with the meat.
As soon as the paper on the hamis
thoroughly dried, I place each ham in
a canvas ; sack, tie it tightly, and hang
it in the smokehouse to remain until
ready for use.—W. D. 'N.
100 Tons An Hour.
Glasgow recently put into service its,
first pneumatic grain elevator having
a capacity of 100 tons an hour;'
Pansies.
When our son was a lad of ten
years, I suggested to my husband the
idea of raising pansy plants to sell to
people living in the nearby town.
We had moved from the city a few
years before to a little country place
and because of John's impaired health
we took up gardening as an occupa-
tion and as a means of making a liv-
ing. We worked at this for several
years with increasing success but I
wanted also some way for Son to
make a little money for his "very
own," so that he might learn the value
of money and how best to use it for
necessity and pleasure.
When. I suggested going into part-
nership with him and growing flower
plants for the boy to sell on shares
my husband laughed and said that
every one could raise their own flower
plants. But just the same he prompt-
ly set about making boxes and putting
up shelves in the kitchen windows for
our experiment.
The first year we sold twelve dol-
lars' worth :of the plants. This en-
couraged us and we increased our
stock" and morethan doubled our sales
the second year.
Twelve years have passed. The boy
is a young span and a full partner in
the business with two greenhouses to
manage and a continued growing_de-
mand for the products.
Verily, we should not despise the
day ,of small beginnings. In the most
wonderful and extensive structure
there must be the' :laying of the first
stone.
To Control Striped Beetle. •
Here is my reel e.for takingcare
y P
of the striped vine bug, the squash
bug and the onion ;maggot..' I save all
fineashes and soot from the stove and.
pipe during the .winter, keeping them
dry. Then I take a syrup pail, put :a
stout bail on same and punch about
two holes in the centre of the bottom
of the pill with -a twenty=penny. spike.
I have: used this dope for twenty=five.
years and never lost by it I have.,
raised onions on the same ground for
four years, and the fourth crop was
the best.—N;. `ki Crout.
In scalding hogs, do not have the
water • boiling when the hog is plunged
in, but a few. degrees .below the boiling,
paint. We add a bucket of cold water.
If the water is too hot the hair will
set, raking cleaning a difficult task
Toa kettle containing fifty gallons of
water, adcl a small shovelful of hard-
wood a hes. These are a great` help
in removing the hair and black scurf.
Dissolve in
boiling water
Use enugh.to get
a big lasting suds
Big lasting suds—onestiecret- of Rinso's.amaz-
ing power to. dissolve
dirt. If you dozl't get
lasting suds, you have
not used enough Rinso.
Soak, an hour
or more ov utt�r��.;
(Colored clothes only lain do howl)
After soaking, only the most soiled clothes need
a bight rubbing with dry Rims°.
Your clothes don't need boiling if you use Rinso.
But if you like to ,boil your white cottons, use
enough Rinso solution to get the suds you like.
Rinso is made by the largest soap makers
in the world to do the family crash as
easily and safely as LUX does fine things.
LEVER BROTHERS LIMITED
TORONTO
R302
3Vet:
HORSE
As the spring planting season is
short, farm operations must be rush-
ed. This entails long hours, and with
modern machinery it also means
heavy work for farm horses. Horses
working in harrows, discs and manure.
spreaders are. pulling heavy loads, and
in. many cases they are pulling them
over broken ground. Because the work
is hard and the hours are long • the
horses must be in good physical con-
dition. This is only possible when
horses are fitted for spring work.
If they have been fed a liberal grain
allowance they will be fat and soft,
and should get regular exercise to
harden their muscles. If they have
been carried through the winter main-
ly on roughage, with very little grain,
they should be given regular exercise
and the grain ration should be in-
creased to one pound •per hundred,
pounds of live weight. Violent changes'
in either the diet or the habits of
horses are injurious, and for this rea-
son the farmer should begin getting:
his horses in shape a month, or pre-
ferably six weeks before heavy spring
work begins, gradually increasing the
grain and work so that the horse will
be in shape to perform a heavy day's
work when the rush season begins. ,
The grain ration should be increased',
to at least one and a quarter pounds'
per hundred pounds live weight when
the heavy spring planting commences.
The hay fed before and during the
busy season should be either high
grade timothy or a mixture of bright,
clean timothy and clover. The.grain
fed while the horse is being fitted may
consist wholly of oats; or a mixture
of three parts of oats.to one part of
bran may be fed. Bran is too laxa-
tive for horses at: heavy work, and no
rnore than one part of bran to five
or six parts of oats should be fed
during the busy season except on Sat-
urday night when a bran mash is ad-
visab'le.
Sometimes a horse does not seem to,
be digesting his food properly,' in
which case the teeth should be exam- i
ined and any that are long' and ragged
floated smooth.. Indeed it is a good
practice to go over . all the horse's
teeth each spring before starting to
prepare the animal for spring work.
By properly fitting his horses for
spring work .• the farmer will avoid
CHICKS AIM
DUCKLINGS
INGS
In any quantity from proven layers, in
the following varieties: 'White and. Brown
Leghorns, Ancones, Minorces, White and
-Barred Rocks, liltode Island Reds, White
Wyandottes, alsoWhhite Pekin Ducklings. `,
We carry a complete line:of Baby Chick
(supplies, Hovers, Brooders, Incubators,
Lambs, Spare Parts, Ratchlng )Sggs, eto.
We pay express and guarantee 100 /o•sate ,
arrival, Write for circular to :the
rl°oronto Eeights Pout it SUPPlY Oo.,.Ltd.
' 4044 Au'lierul 6't., Tomato.
ti
i
•
sore shoulders, his horses will finish
the season in good condition and they
will render much more efficient ser-
vice than if they had begun the spring
work without being properly fitted
for it.
Opals are so soft when first taken
from the ground that they may be
pulled apart with the fingers,.
A good crack filler for floors can be
made by miXing flour paste (flout
boiled in water) with plaster of Paris,'
Built for
Years of Service
Too "Brantford" Concrete Mixer for
small lobe is built to stand up under hard
usage. It eine labor 111 half whoa build-
ing alios, foundations, barn doors, eto.
Many farmers use It to mix fend or fertil-
izer. Made for band or power. Wo also
build larger size mixers for heavier work,
write for booklet.
GOOLE), SHAPLitY& MUI A CO.,urnit.d
200 Wallington st
Brantford, - Ontario
Irrigated Farms in
Southern Alberta
In the Famoup Vauallall District
now Sliver zerigatioa Project
An especially good location for mixed
farming and dairying. Splendid op-
pportunity; for young men now living
in districts where good lend cannot
be bought at reasonablo prices.
THIS Is NOT PIONSThIRING. the
first 10,000 acres are fully settled and
another 10,000 acres now , ready for
-settlement;- maximum., distance from.
raiiroad,. seven miles. • Good roads,
telephones and 'schools. Iinsy pay-
inents, extending aver 18 years.
This la the nest Land flay in Alberta
Write for further information to
CAVA -DA I.AN' anti IStiZ3neateIore
• coeenAN`r, F.11YTXTMD
Nr��iti»o 'Frei. - A/bOrta
T
en Me
11 sos
FREE!
lam T e+9 S r
This book Is one of the
best ever n rl tkn for the
horseman and the farmer,
Iuplain,everyday> under.
atm ,dabie English It detain
with every ailment that
horseflesh is heir to, end tells how to
treat them. It has ohaptern on shoes
and shoeing, breeding and feeding.
The book lo worth manydollars to the
handier of horses. but all you has to: do
is to ask- your dragglat tor it. It is absolutely
fres." Bern is ono opinion ;
Sooxs=Baasgiox, N.S., Adan. 19, 1922.
`Please send mo -by mail your GlIBAT book.
showing positions and actions- of .sick bones.
Bane boon using your itendall'a Spavin Treat-
-montfoc years and tidbit/tie a great treatment." . t
PEIILY COAXIAL
rrf.v-aruggIat bee nota copy of the hook loft
write us vet
Dr. is . J. KENDAL1 CO.,_
SnosireargtFntis, Vt., U.S.A..8
Eismemammaawarazzaz
You Can Make Big r P rof is !
$4 to $.5tper dere investedin fer iiizers on grains has.fr )lend
made gas'of.$ to'.:.12_,bisshels Per`acs;e on Wheat, or o
ara
30 bushels on Gott-and15 to -20 bushels on Corn. •
Remember lit costs just as rni:cli togrow the crosss-when01Ke
the low. yields w
cis: it does' when you get big -yield a.". Your rot
"
with Big Yields is many times greater. p
Fertilize your crops :this,: sprig with GUNN'S
SHUR-GAIN Fertilizers and get the ,Biggest -
Prof it
'gest.Profit possable.
Con.ult our Agent or write ua
Agents wanted in territories
whore we are not represented._ '` .1.
'1'.inil'{ed
1204 St. CCanr 'Shoot
TORONTO