The URL can be used to link to this page

The Exeter Advocate, 1923-2-15, Page 6• :ArReatr OTd' ?owthy Treat' 'OGDEN'S LIVERPOOL" mina nmonini mmttnmmaroonamltmasnupanimirmnips. vsn For those who roll. their own., ASK FOR OC®''S FINE CUT on the green packet) IT IS TIIE BEST ;tl�imot• $he invested 495 bt —She has had over $40 interest on It each year and her principal is now worth more than $525. Royal Securities Corporation, Limited 53 Kine Street Were, Toronto Memo aced aa. '•Investaaant Item- �md other literatur.. .................. .......... ......-,......... »..... 'TSE siMple phrased tell the story- of a woman who wisely ell - 'trusted her modest in- vestment to us. TTJST because you live in J the' country, or in a small town, there is no reason why you cannot have ,as good a choice of sound"kinvestiilents as city People. TF you will send us your name and address, we will forward you periodic- ally a copy of Investment Items, which will keep you thoroughly informed as to the trend 'of the Invest- ment Market, and will offer you good securities which you may buy by mail order on exactly the same terms as financial institutions and large private investors. Send now for it. It will be well worth your while. Use this coupon, Royal Securities Corporation, Limited 58 KingTelephone West W. P. IYELLIS Street Adelaide 83a TORONTO O Branch Manager j►iontraai - Halifax • S. John - T4'inmioo - Vancouver - Now York- London Address communications to Agronomist, a. 73 Adelaide St. West, Pruning Apples For Profit. A considerable number of fruit growers, knowing that sunlight should be admitted to the centre of the tree to keep up ecrodttcition, to gent high'ly- cdiicaea fstrlt an the interior parts, be- lieve it neea+ry to develop a tree with an open centre from the point of heading Immetl+ieteF,y after the tree is planted ithiey remove the central or main'branch and atave some three to five branches radiating outward and. upward from the point of heading. These three to five ,branches later be- come the mann ,scaffold branches of the tree. Th9s system of devel'opme'nt does peaznat the entrance' of sunlight and it results in a !tow -Spreading tree, making possible economical pruning, eprayin„ thinning, picking, etc., but the treat ere structurally weak and it its not uncommon to see mann branches of beating trees which have been trained in such a manner epant out at the crotch. Fartherinere, such trees are frequently more 4&nutedi in bearing capacity than those trained somewhat differently. The serious fannes taf the above srys- tem of training young tees may be avoided and at the same time the ad- vantages may be retained: if the sea celled leader system of dievelopmexittt is adopted. This eastern conststts es -I senti+aCc+y of a central leader, extending upward to a height some six to seven feet from the ground an with six to nine main or'scaffold bxia.ncyhes dis- tributed -alleluia and along the central branch from the point of heading to the top of the central deader. The leader as discontinued after the diezared number of scaffo•Ld branches are ob- tained ani the trees developed from that -point essentially the same es an open centre one. Since it is not poe- sible to get the desired numibetr nor proper distribution of s•caflald branch- es ke one season, it is, custonm y to effect two or three of the 'scaffolds each year until the desired number is obtained; Two to faux seasons are thus required to build the framework of etch trees. The s•ceSfodtl branches of modified leader trees form strong crotches, with the central leader or axis which sel- doni'siplit, Pockets are -seldom formed Toronto in crotches to collect leaves and dirt and eventuafiry result in heart rot of the trunk as ;sometimes happens with open centre trees. Pumthernnore, it is better to have the upper part of the tree open to admit light to lower in- terior parts than it is to have the whole central portion of the tree open at the expense of fruiting capaciity. The question that the average fruit grower would Bike a definite, sound reply to to -day is "haw heavily should trees be pruned between the time of planting caul time of bearing?" or, worded differently, "Shedd trees be left without any pruning except that given at panting time, until they have. established the 'bearing habit; should they receive severe pruning through- out •this non-bearing period, ar should they receive some intermediate treat- ment? Experiments, as well as observa- tions, have proventhat unpruned trees come into bearing earlier than .pruned trees awl that heavily pruned trees are older before they start bearing than lightly pruned trees. Further- more, unpruned trees attain larger size in a given number of years than pruned trees and the more severely pruned trees attain ,less in size in, say, seven or eight years than lightly pruned ones. These feats, lead some fruit •growers to conclude that since untamed trees eome into bearing earlier, that such a practice is the most profitahl'e one to follow. These growers contend that rather severe pruning may be given after the trees have the bearing habit well-establish- ed without interfering with production and that this treatment will in the course of some three or four years place the trees, that were not pruned during the first few years, in good condition. Another geese of fruit grower's are not as particular about ;getting early fruit prodruction as they are in build- ing the strongest and sometimes the most ,ornamental kind of tree possible. They contend that 'the first fear to six year's shouild be devoted to the devel- opment of a strong framework that will support larger loads of fruit when the tree becomes old. In other words:, they believe that heavier fruit produc- 0 0 0 YOU CAN MAKE PROFITS AND STOP LOSSESra By balancing your pigs' rations with S ift's Digester (60% Protein) Makes Rapid Gains—Reduces Cost -Makes You Sig Profits, Write for. Free Booklet and . Prices. SWIFT CANADIAN CO or 1185 KEELS ST. - Limited TORONTO r5 IAA)'' Tone 'p Breeders Now! Healthy parent stock means fertile eggs—big hatches—sturdy chicks. Now's the time to se- lect, mate and conditionYour breeders. . " Poultry � Regulator „ them strozi makes Gives g and healthy. Glone and vigor to run-down birds; puts t xe TYin prime condi- , Dldi• ktr eon for breeding; insures success. Try it at our risk. Yo::r'Manny Back,li YOU Arc Not$atla5ad Poon COMPANY t) CANADA, %united :t 3:: \,V-Crria‘y Avemzo, Toronto Pa`. } tion at an age.of thirty yearn ita more iniapciibant than getting fruit on y+o;invg trees two or three years earlier. It %led' appeerr . that 'nredetiste punning,ol`�y'piing'-apple,t;yees' is 'Gia aafesit 'prrrdtice to foliokv', ' it elreald reedit in the formartion --of a. rather strong frame -week with ereffiild branches well plated envoi brtz>g the trees iontofruit proatietiaon not more than rune or two yerara dater than no prunting, &uredy the sacsrifiee of one err two years le 110.1 ss important to the average fruit grower as is the building of a rearsonwblty etre* 'tree. Such a pruning should eansist of rather heavy cutting back and thin- ning ooit at plamtin time; a'�27einov yl of the longer rgrowthe originating faroni the central leadier other: than those intended -tar a main stcaifold. branches and lrexlnipa a ffigilt iheading teack to balance the tree after the first eeasonis growth.; a similar thinning ining out but less heading back'•�eftr the second (season's growth; a tight prun ing after the tihird season's growth, and very light thinning out of the pre- vious season's ,growth thereafter until the tree has borne two or three ;*ps. Me thinning should, for the most part, be confined to the outer parts of the tree so as to adariit sunlight and keep all parte of the tree fans Toning properly. Very few of the smaller growths in the interior of the tree ,Should be removed. In case one is growing store filler trees in between the permanent ones, I would recominend no pnuminig rafter the second growing season because these trees will probably not be re- tained for more than twenty years and we want to bring them into bearing just as early as possible and, further- more, we are not interested in the formation of a Parti isistaily strong framework. Bearing orchards are frequently seen an whish trees have been stripped of all fruiting wood except near the ends sf:the branches. In other words,. all the fruit is 'borne out on the ends of the branches used of being dis- tributed throughout the tree. In many trees there is no, fruiting wood within a radius of twelve to fourteen feet from the head of the tree. It is under- stood that a branch can support more apples if they are distributed over its entire length, than if they are all clustered, about the ends, probalbl+y six to twelve feet from the main trunk.: A scaffold branch tehoulid have sev- eral good lateral branches well spaced along its entire length, each lateral supporting its share of fruiting Wood Such. a tree can support a given lead to better advantage and carry a much larger crop of fruit. Wien pruning the young trees always leave fruiting wood if it is 'located+ wal+ere it will have a chance to develop. The tree will fruit earlier and Heavier. Fruiting wood may be developed an the course of three or foutr years in a tree in whie& the scaffold limbs are bare by the use of well: situated water spouts by cutting ttheni back from four to twelve inches in length to encour- age the development. of ;side branches. Mese in turn should be headed back the following year. After this, the heading back should be lessened to encourage the formation of fruit spurs. To make this operation suc- cesisftitl it is essential that the trees be thinned about the outside to achnit light sufficient to allow the drevelop- me.nt of fruit spurs and to color the. fruit. Pruning may be alone any time dur- ing the dormant ,season. Feasibly very sli+hit preference should be given to late winter or early spring, so far as the trees are concerned, but if left until rush a season the chances are -very good that the work will not be completed because of rash of other faint practices. Consequently any fav- orable weather following the dropping of the foliage should be used for pruning. Crude OiI to Kill Rats. There is a remedy for the !rat nuisi- ence—one that is r"heap sand effectual. If exude oil (petroleum) is placed an the runs, the rates will :leave the 'vicin- ity. If they are caught in their runs, so that they have to breathe the fomes. for an hour or ` more they will be poisoned. Meat that eontaine petro- leuni can be used as bait to catch this offensive rodent, Experiments' proved that rats which ate meat treated with erside oil died in fifteen minutes, Ships, from time inara•ertilorial, have been infested with rate, and to th s:e, carriers of merchandise the rats owe their dissemination. - The rats were formerly particularly 'destructive to cargoes of silk coceons; but s+o effec- tr. e is the crude oil remedy 'that one sheep which :had :been carrying sugar,' and as a consequence, whose binge' water was sweet ani ,iaiticela'rly ,' t- reebi e to rats, has been entirely rid of them. The remedy was' applied after one cargo bad been practically destroyed" The crude oil was 'added, to th,e ,bilge water. The gases,prodaced by the evapora- tion of the crude .ail are very inflam- mable when present in large quanti- ties, but the amount neees+eary to use ?about barn or outbuildings would not endanger the property. --M. A. 0. It is said that Philip, one day hav- ing eons>ulted the oracle at Delphi, re- oeiiv'ed Lire 'anst mror, "Malo coin thy weapons and thou'lTh eonquee all," Tact bonneted+he + that had carried more places ay money than arms; 'that be hoover -forced+ a gate till after having tried it with a boldhen key; and that he t did not think any fortress impregnable 311+,0 into wli;ic , a mule laden with silver could find entrance, How to Avoid Fires Doers an uncomfortable feeling assail you sometimes when the thought of flaming ibuiddings flits across your mind? Do you often sense a feeling of relief where driving home you see in the distance your house and barn still standing where you left them, door and whole? I suspect we all have this uneasy experience at tines. It lends to every farrier a keen, personal interest in the cause and prevention of destruc- tive flarm fires. The most common causes of fires are ,Lightning, defective fines, defective [Lampe and lanterns, bonfires, team threshing engines, spontaneous combustion, ,carelessness with gasoline, mlatches, fireworks, and cleaning compounds, kindling fires with kerosene, open gas flames., de- fective electrical wiring, end over- heated stoves and furnaces. When you have read this list, the natural remedy for each cause will probably suggest itself to you. Were it not for the tremendous loss of life and the staggering loss in property each year,. I •would! stop here and saynothing. The property loss in Canada in 1921 was something like $3 per person, er About $25,000,000. Com- pare this with your personal) property tax and then ask yourself how you like: to pay it,fox you clo :payit in insurance premiums. Of the fires that originate on the exterior of the building, fully 80 per cent. are preventable by lightning rods and fire -safe roof coverings. Simple, is it'not? Compare the causes with the remedy and draw your own .conclusions. If the entire exterior of the building is fire -proof in oxidation to lightning rods, pi aetically all dan- ger from -outside ,sources wi11t be stopped. Inside fires are not so easily coped with on account of the careless man- ner in which'a••large majority of out fraane bearer. are constructed. If all chimneys were built upon, solid fon- dations, and 'were lined throughout with fire -slay liners, and a •r'_panrate flue were provided for each opening— that is, ,one each for, furnace, kitchen range, tirepiaco, auxilialy beater, 'ete. —there weuiid be very .few fires from finis cause. See chimneys souls1 pre-, veiit +aibautt 10 aper +oenit, of farm fires,' Meng with safe ehtnineet, ego' safe staves.: and furnaces. Overheating 'al mostkallw'. s occurrs in hbibter coold weather" and generally because of an undersized heater, 11u ibwyang a fain- , ace, always insist on one surge enourgh to do Ibe work. Furnace men, in arms petition, may try to sells an under- sized furnace in odder to heat tthe�ir. commetitor's Deice. 1)o not be Dialed. Yeur comfort ,and safety are much More valuable than a few dollars. How many times in a year do yon pick up a new sipap�er and read the, gruesome 'story, "Kindled Fire. With Kerosene; Mother • i 'i e, end Ctiu.+d Brume o Death; Residence. Biuiteer?' The only solution h any to( tfhis• is simply, don't do it. Be careful when using asol ire and cleaning eonipounds, ben= zine, or other highly inflammable anis explleeive fluids. Do not use them near. (not in the same room) an open flame, lani+p, stove, fireplace, or other source of ignition. Open -flame lamps of wha+bever de- scription 'should never be an swinging braokets that allow them to tonne in contact with your wall surfaces, cur- tains, window sshad'ea, garments', or other flimsy material. Stare matches in safe containers, out of the reatch of small c'hiidren.c Always have electrical wiring done by competent persons, Be sure that all circuits we properly fsviced, and that there is a large cut-out switch. A small hand fire-extinguisher in the kitchen, hall, upstairs hall, base- ment, garage, tans one or two in con- venient places in the barn may be worth their weight in gold some day. The chemical 'sthoulcl be renewted at Intervale, as directed by the makers. Never go away and leave •smalil chil- dren alone in a house with all doors locked. This practice, has resulted in the loss of .many, a young life. Dol not ;store , au+tonsc�biiLes, 'rniatar trucicis, trarcitonvs; •or: g'asoldneH en}gni es on a bairn floor. These should always be stored in a building somewhat away from other builr3ingis. Fire -proof gar- ages are not a necessity, but are ex - treat desirable. Gasoline kept on hand in Large quantities should al- ways be placed in underground stor- age tanks or in a small ,building far enough away from all 'other buildings to ` avoid fire. Why His Buildings Last. John Hollet, a farmer well known to the writer, has, an inexpensive method of keeping his farm buildings, come of which are forty years 'old, in good - repair. There is not a swayed ridgepole nor a sunken corner in the bunch. "My method of building protection, begun many years agog" has been e fixed habit ever 'since," Holiet explain- ed' recently. "Each year I take a few days to go over every building. Equipped.:with nails, a level, rale', and a fiias"hli+g+ht, I'commence at the faun dation. I te:stb with the rule -and level for dew corners and 'zagged floiors, Men I measure to sea that corner 'beams • and etuddin;g are In good con- ditin. I make my way-eweully; over the insideframework, endingmy in- spection in :the attic '•alas' along the rafteirs, The chimney I examine close- ly, for a great deal of my work is found there. t "When any defect in the trance is noted, . I repair it at once. Often, a new °mace is the 'remade. Loose tim- bers : are tightened with nails. In majoy`tronuhles a lifting jack is used; ',Trap deers through the ceiling anii in the chimney casings make it easy to get about. There' are pulley hooks in the attic for raising � pieces'. feces'. "The barn ass outbuildings are gone over easier, !becau•ie tihe frame is en li,ey ,y tti save, e A r"10 o 11Spec- tioii usually .shows somtlling in need i of repairs. Windstorms spring anal ,loosen the braces, and after a damp season the floors require nailing. The: foundation also needs watching. Mak- ing my repairs promptly I can de without a carpenter, and the expense is slight. "I estimate that my anneal tour of} inspection has swvned me at least $400, in repair bills dace coming to tile' farm. I am careful to keep the sure face of my buildings well painted, but I have learned by e-vperience that paint is a poor- camouflage if the ' framework is neeleeted. — E. E.I •Couzens. Waterproofing Leather. Take the heel of an old robber boot' and chop it up fine, Put two or three. tablespoonfuls of common lard into a' dish, allow it to melt and come to a boil over a hot fire. While boiling, add the chopped rubber to the lard; and allow to boil until the lard has absorbed all the rubber it will. Take from the fire and let (cool just enough so it will not burn the leather. Then give the shoes or other leather article a thorough coating of the rubberized d larand set aside for a few -moments: The Plteparataan will quickly be ab- sorbed into the leather, after which give a second application, heating the preparation again if it has cooled. Shoes treated thus will be almost en- tirelly.waterproof ° for a month or six weeks. It. is also.a good -plan to< addi a little neat's-foot oil to the hot rand; though this is not necessary. I have tested this method.—E. C. W. Success is the accomplisthnient of what one sets out to do. Many men are kept from making e success by the necessity for making, d•olhlars. The water you en e your o'ittle has; to bewarined either by, ther cow or by; you. If the cow wamnis it, it take food;, if you warm it, it taken vwaod., If food is cheaper than woad let the cow do it. -. ' Corrugated Galvanized Steel ofing nlreot frora Manufacturers rete £o Con- sumer. "Writs for Prises Slim'sl Terms to Farmers The Metallic Roofing Co- imited 806E 1194 King SSt, fif., Teronto Irrigated Farms I i 'Southern Alberta Tn the Parsons Vauxhall D+irrtrict *,3o Dive:. Irrigation Project An especially good ideation for mixed. farming and dairying. Splendid op-' portunityy"1or young men now living in dietriot:ti where good land cannot.. be bought at seasonable prIcee• THIS IS NOT PHONEB11.ING, the° first 10,000 acres are fully settled ta.nd ,another 10,000 acres now ready • for settlement; maximum distance from rant:oad, seven miles. Good roads, telephones and schools.: llasy.. pay- ments, extending over 18, Years... This la the Pest Zang 13uv lax Alugr, a► Write for further Iriformu,tion:te bATTAD,& YsAPtX1.. and en. 1GAu":Io ' f7O?ttPATt`ir - Modtclne .�'•F4t, A4.Yh@r°+Ib