The Exeter Times-Advocate, 1925-9-10, Page 6k.
es
•:.Auf,Q.4*..10 Ile •
STUDY OF ENGINE IIE
There" is no factor in motoring more
important than that piece of niechan- Ip
ism directly, under the hood and known
aa the engine. It the engine does not
V the „car, .is quite useless. Consee
quently, it is important to sa..ect, in
buying a car, a vehicle that is equip-
ped with an efficient motet.
While it to no deep secret that there
are various types of engines used to
create power, it is safe to guess that
just what these different types are
is usually= a rather hazy idea in the
minds of most motorists. Yet it is
well for automobilists to have some
definite information which will lead to
an understanding of this matter.
To begin with, it should be known
that engine types divide themselves
along the following lines, arrange-
ment and number of cylinders, ars
rangexnent of varves and method of
cooling. Most owners of cars will
recognize where their own automobile
engines come in for classification.
FUEL TYPE .I?E,BORIBED.
Considerably over 90 per cent, of
automobiles are propelled by the gas-
oline engine. There are a few that
carry storage batteries and use elec-
tric fi otors for inotive powers, There
is a still smaller number that use a
steam engine, the steam being gener-
ated in a boiler which is heated by
burning .gasoline or kerosene.
The gasoline engine is made in a
number .of forms, ranging from the
engine with four cylinders in a line
to the twelve -cylinder, which is the
V-shaped arrangement with six cyl-
inders on .each side of the "V." Be-
tween these two extremes there is the
engine with six cylinders in a line,
the eight -cylinder with blocks of four
placed in the V-shaped and eight
cylinders in a straight line.
As to the arrangement of the valves
of an engine, some types have both
valves arranged on one side of the
l.PS IN DRIVING CAR.
cylinder, Sonne have one: in, .t e top of
the eywinder and one is the side, some
have both valves In the top and a few
have the inlet valve on one side and
the exhaust: .on the ,'othwr. The ar-
rangement "ofy the vaeVes has consid
ei'abte o .do *With the efficiency of the
engine, that is, the amount of power
which is extracted from the gasoline
used.
ii0W HEAT Is AISSPRBEA.
Much of the heat generated by.
burning the gasoline is necessarily
absorbed through the water 'jacket
which surrounds the cylinders. The
engines with the valves in the head
have a regular shaped combustion
chamber which reduces the water
jacketed surface to a minimum. .En-
gines with valves on the side of the
cylinders have pockets that are offset
from the cylinder proper, which must
be water jacketed.
The great majority of the engines
use valves of the "poppet" type, that
is, valves that are shaped like mush-
rooms, are pushed open by a cam and
are returned to their seat by a spring.,
A large percentage of • automobile
motors are cooled by water, the cyliin-
ders being surrounded by a jacket of
water which absorbs the excess heat.
The hot water is pun ped,to a radiator
placed on the front of a car, which
provides for the heat being carried
off by the air.
In the air-cooled motor provision is
made for bringing sufficient quanti-
ties of air directly into contact with
the outside of the cylinders. In this
way the excess heat is carried off
directly by the air.
Every year finds a tendency toward
standardization in automobile design.
Still there is enough of a variety of
types to ,select from to suit the indi-
vidual's needs and tastes. The pros-
pective automobile owner will find all
types of •engines well developed and.
effective in operation.
Dangerous Carbon Monoxide.
The gasoline engine is a useful in-
vention, which has, through its service-
ableness to the automobile, gone far to
revolutionize our habits and modes of.
life. But it has one drawback. In the
course of combustion --especially when
the combustion is not complete—the
exploding gasoline produces a gas
which, under certain conditions, is dan-
gerous, to health and even to life. That
gas is carbon.monoxide; it is• one of
the most deadly of gases, and it is dis-
charged from the exhaust of every car
whose engine is running, whether the
ca*' is moving' or net. We have several
tizzies spoken of the danger of starting
an automobile engine in a closed gar-
age, and, though the warning against
this practice has been widely spread
by newspapers and health, lecturers
there are a great many deaths, caused
by it every winter.
Carbon monoxide Is the poisonous
constituent of illuminating gas, es-
pecially water gas, and it is also pro-
duced in large quantities by burning
coal. The air of stove -heated and fur-
nace -heated houses is contamin-
ated
o i -
often n e ntam n
ated to a dangerous extent with this
gas, 'which escapes when the draft is
poor. It may even pass through the
wall of the stove if the iron gets red
hot, and poison the air of the room suf-
ficiently to give the occupants head-
ache, nausea, lose of appetite, vertigo
and a constantly -irritable condition of
the mucous membranes of the air pass-
ages. When the gas escapes continu-
ously, it seriously affects the general
health, for it lowers the powers of re-
sistance and causes susceptibility to
colds, grip, and. pneumonia.
The gases from automobiles: contain
from four to eight per cent. of carbon
monoxide; but as little as one per cent.
is enough to produce serious, if not
fatal, consequences. Of course this
is still further diluted by the atmos-
phere in the street, but if there are
thirty or forty cars crowded into a
small area the dilution is not enough
to make it harmless. Those who must
continually breathe' the air in the
midst of automobile traffic that is
much concentrated are likelyto find
themselves vulnerable to the attacks
of common diseasegermsi
which they
could easily resist if the air they took
into their lungs were pure. •
The site of the Mansion House, Lon-
don's official residence for its Lord
Mayor, was formerly a fruit and vege-
table garden. .
Peculiar Facts and Figures.
The amount of pressare applied by
a pianist to the keys in one minute is
often anything upto a ton and a halt
In that some minute the eye has to
read about one thousand bye' hundred
signs and the fingers make about two
thousand movements.
At the top of Shooter's Hill, Black-
heath, England, there stands a mile-
stone inside the church railings: On
one hide it marks "8 miles to London."
On the other, "130 miles to Ypres.
Diamond is a corruption of the
Greek word adamant, meaning untam-
able or refractory. The Greeks called
the diamond adamant because of its
excessive hardness.
A crane is called a derrick from the
name of Derrick, the Tyburn hangman,
'who made gibbets in the seventeenth
century. .
An artificial wool made from pine
trees has been developed in Germany.
Only one variety of bird is known
to "shingle" itsown feathers. This is
a native of South America, which nib-
bles away each side of the tail -feather
r
to reduce a curious rookie racket p g ack t ef-
fect.
Fifty oxen, 70 Iambs, 200 sheep, and
sometimes as much as 10,000 head of
game, 70,000 eggs, 300 barrels of flour,
and 15,000lb. of fish are some of the
items in. the stores of a Cunard liner.
It takes a healthy man four mouths
to eat his own weight in food.
Salmon, pike, and goldfish are said
to be the only fish that never sleep.
About twice as much power is re-
quired to stop an express train as to
start one.
An explorer, travelling In the Malay
Peninsula, .has, discovered some pe-
culiar •creatures. There are fish that
climb trees, monkeys that brush their
teeth after meals, and birds that sleek
upside down.
Lions and tigers are too weak in.
lung power to run more than half a
mile.
The Bank of England was founded
by a Scotsman who died in poverty.
Dover's historic building,' Maison'
Dieu Hall, dates' back over seven cen-
turies. It was built in 1203 as a rest- i
house for pilgrims on their way to'
CROSS -WORD PUZZLE
QSNC INT.tftNAT10NAL aVNp1CATC:
SUGGESTIONS FOR SOLVING CROSS -WORD PUZZLES
, Start out byfilling in the words of which you feel reasonably
sure. These will giveyou a clue to other words crossing them,
and they in turn to still others. A letter belongs in each white
space, wordsstarting at the numbered squares and running either
horizontally or. vertically or both,
HORIZONTAL VERTICAL
2—vpeclmen
3 -Poem
4 -Allowance In weight (pt.)
6—Utters low murmuring sounds
6—Inspector (abbr.)
7—Divided
8—Floating structures
tc 10 -Shelf
11—To make more profound
12—A duct
14—Basis
16 ---To cook In liquid
18—Carrled as bodily covering
2d -Ousted
25 -01d -time dance (p1.)
• .27 -Ventures
29—Philippine natives
31—Protected side
33—Night bird
87—A fish
38-111 temper
39—Somethdn"g abnormal
40—Religious period
41—To make beloved
43• -Relative
45—Dried grape
46—Ancient Peruvian ruler
47—Looks slyly
49—Sudden, sharp noise (p141.
50—African •cattle -pen
56—To place •
57a -Alkaline solution
1—A necktie
6—To nip
e --An obstruction.
11—To demand payment
13—To fortify
15 --Obliterating Implements
17—To be under obligation
19—A dandy •
20—Penetrate
21—An oath
22—Informed
24—Measures
25—Simples
26—Horse
28—Female sheep
29s --Underground Worker
30—To make Insipid
32—Midday
34—Mlnute organism
35—Twisted
36—To filter through
38—Batter plum
89—Runs away
42—One length of a course
44—Long, narrow piece
48—To tear •
49—To drive oakum into seams
51 --Mentally sound
62 --Finish
53—Big steamship,
54—To refrigera!
55—Eroded
66—LIke milk
58—To weaken
69—To Imitate
60—Negative
61—Quarrels
ea—Inclined
1
Natural. Resources
Bulletin.
THIS PJCE OF PAPER!
It Was Once
It Is a big jump, from a pieoe of wood
tea sbeet of paper, but this pege prob-
abiy started its, journey paperwl rds ail.
the trunk 'of a tree in some northern
forest.
You see, to -day, the forests of Nor-
way, Sweden, Canada, and the 'United'
States furnish the bulk of the world's
paper-naakng material.
A sheet of paper is a,sheet of vege-
table fibres matted together, dyed, and
sarfaced according to requirements.
And it is from wood that the fibrous
part of the paper is obtained.
The wood -pulp, a ' it is called, Is
made in this manner. The trees are
cut into logs, about two feet long, split
and the bark and • knots carei'ully re-
moved.
The logs are ground up.bY revolving
stone wheels, water being supplied to
keep them cool, and to mix with the
wood to form the pulp.
This pulp contains all the impurities
after the firatgrinding, so it is strained
through a wire sieve, which allows the
liner pulp to pass.
* * * •
The good pulp, still containing im-
purities, is now subjected to a refining
process in a machine resembling two
huge grindstones placed one on top of
the :other.
The top stone revolves, and the pulp
is fed through whole in this, being fine-
ly ground between the two stones.
Our "tree" is now ready to take on
its first appearance in the form of a
"sheet."
The refined pulp is passed over a
wire gauze cylinder on to a,felt •con-
veyor which passes it to a pair of steel
rollers, the top one taking- up the and
of the web of pulp and gradually wind-
ing it upon itself.
When the' necessary thickness has
been.attained, the pulp is taken off the
roller, opened out and dried. In this
state it is termed "half stuff boards."
a large surp_us for export, while the
greater portion, cf the product of her,
factories find a market outside Can
The Natural Resources Intelligence ada. • The: quality of her products is
interest
Service of the Dept. of . the Interior q y
at _Ottawa says: ing world consumers,'and.it s].
Canada has' many admirers outside but natural that the thoughts of these
of her borders, largely due to the effi- county thatuis cs sbleh of suchi to a
tient work of her energetic trade com-
missioners. They are putting Canada' Canadiansfullyapprcci-
inDo ere as
the forefront as a commercial ate what we have, and are we doing
world power. Even in far-off Straits I
Settlements, A. B. Muddiman is work-
ing in the interests of Canada, and no
doubt as the result of his efforts the
Singapore Free Press has the follow-
ing to say of this country:
Canada is a land of vast grain
Coors have different effects upon' growing areas and a wide diversity
us. Red and orange are stimulating, of other vegetable resources. Canada
yelio v is cheering, green neutral,' is rich in minerals, her animal indus-
' purple subg' _ subduing, and violet depress-[ tries are a leadinsource,of national
ing.
Canterbury from the
Continent.
our part in making them known?
Nasty, Nasty. Man.
With tears on her baby cheeks little
Winnie ran up to the policeman.
"Please, sir," she Sobbed, "will you
"At present Canada's industrial conte and lock a nasty man up?"
future has hardly begun. Great "What's he been doing?" asked the.
towns do exist and some big Indus man in blue kindly.
tries, but for the present and for "Oh," wailed the child, "he's broken
many years to come her energies will sip my hoop with his nasty bicycle." I
be absorbed by the conquest of the ',leas he?" Laid the constable, pre--`
land and the bringin of -it into culti- paringto go to the scene .of the erime.
1
beinging
vation. Looking at the spirit of her "Well, where is he?"
people and the past history of the r'"Oh, you'll 'easily catch him!" ex-
United States, there can be no hesi- plained Winnie triumphantly. They've
tation in recognizing ,in. Canada .one just carried him into that; drug store."
of the greatest world powers of the
future, an achievement in colonize- His Error.
tion of which the British people can "Clarence," said his wife, "the maid
be immeasurably proud." has given notice because of the rude
G. G. Van der ICop, editor of the way you spoke to her over the 'phone
"Interocean," the only magazine pub- yesterday,
fished in the "Middle East," and who "My dear, I'm so sorry. I thought I
once visited this country, has had was speaking to you."-
many times a good word to say for
Canada.
Thecan
water buffalo ofth e
Orient'
draw a load weighing more than a
ton.
The prisons of En ;laird and Wales
now number only about forty in all.
More than tvl'enty prisons have been
G wealth, her forests products pr wide . closed 'since 19141
Part o a Tree.
Beepaper made solely from this me-•
elestnical wood-plelleeeto u,se its trade
name --would. be too coerso. and
pure, and would ~quickly discolor azid
turn brittle, It is tlierefere invarlably,
mixed with a liner grade of pulp which.
lags been chemically prepared,
The better duality, instead of being
ground, is cut' into small pieces, and
boiled in. a solution of sulphite of soda,
in Huge vats. •
The boiling process. extracts. the ieh
purities of the wood, and breaks it'up'
into pulp which is then drained off;
washed and made into "halt stuff
boards" as already descx`ibed,.
To produce an,even.surfaoe the cor-
rect proportions of the ".half stuff
boards" are loaded with china claie.and
so on; and. to ensure a white -color a
solution of blue is introduced into the
maclYine. Sizing material is also add-
ed. This prbvents the oil in the print-
ing ink running when ,.the paper is
printed on.
We are well on our way ndw to the
finished sheet of paper.
The pulp is strained carefully and.
coiveye l to the papermaking, • Ina-
chine, rurtnin,g on -to an endless belt of
wire mesh, about forty feet long by
eight feet wife.
• This belt, note coated with a wet
shee"t of pulp, is supported by brass
rollers, moisture being extracted from
the pulp •by suction. The pulp sheet
next passes under a roller which ren
der , tho surface smooth. At this point
the wire belt makes its return journey
under the rollers and further moisture'
still is extracted from the damp sheet
of pulp as it passes over some steam-
-heated cylinders. •
"'.-:4s the paper comes from the last
drying cylinder,it is wound upon reels,
which contain in some cases; miles and
miles of paper.
In this reeled Condition It is cut to a'
-required, width ready for use.
Business changes.
Never has there been a time when it
was so necessary for the industrial
executive to exercise -vision. We have
come to a daywhen a business can be
mad or ruined over night. "
The announcement in the morning
paper of the discovery of a new ma-
terial or the unexpected development
of an ingenious device may change the
nitre outlook not only for a- few cor-
porations,, but for an entire industry.
In ten years from now our per capita
consumption of certain articles• will be
double what it is to -day, while the con-
sumption of other commodities will •be
no more than half of what .it is at pre-
sent. '
In this present era, the foundation of
success is ohiefly judgment and vision.
Labc- does' notcrate; nordoes capital.
It is mind that creates. The real
wealth of our country does not lie in
our laboring class, but in our thinking
class.
The worth -while executive is the fel-
low who can ask brass -tack questions,
each one of which leads to darkened.
corners where the unassembled facts
are hidden.
It is not a question of brains, for the
average person has more than - he
knows what 'to do with. '
Not -one person fn a hundred .uses
the brains he has to as much as half
capacity.
•R re need research. We also need to
keep an eye to the future.
The airplane will be discarded as
soon as a practical helicopter is devel-
oped; gas has supplanted coal in many
industries because it is -cleaner and
does better work.
We mist look to the future, or we
are liable to find our business a "has
been" a' decade or so from pow,
Answer to last week'[ p :rule;
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MUTT AND JEFF—By Bud Fisher. '
[1:JE•FARE
u Gof G
Nry
'Co ScNocee.
AGAIN?'
No; t WAS
OMLY •
VISITING,
MUTT
`fou sec
Gorr M's
NG -Pete -es) e?
GoL.U$Gt2G.? Ye ---a,
t 'Aw"iinat'
THAT .BO'S as
r3?iruT -•Ai ,t\
13 ^vL L Arc, rno:
r4' Tic TgACHerc Asi' b- Fr - G NE w'elle
Kcv 1 H k,Daeleareses. es STOIC
AND 'CYNIC' AND
(1{EY SAID HE„b b,
Ssla VoaD 'IiM /
,cNooi
IC
Something Going ,On. .
There is •a febrile temperament, not
unfamiliar in domestic life and the
social circle, which demands that
there shall always be something going
on. There is no rest. or peace with
such a spirit. If the talk slackens
or ,seems to approach a lull, the res-
tive one feels that it must be replen-
ished as fuel is thrown to a wood fire
on a •winter night. If a guest is en-
tertained, it is thought that his every
moment must have an occupation
found for it:
Whatever the place, whenever the
time, the' tongue, the mind, the feet
and lianas must never be still. The
beauty and the blessedness of quiet—
aye, and the vital necessity, too -are
never recognized and conceded. Life
must be fr.Tever a rush and a sti•, a
fret and a fever. In contact with
such 'a'` disturbing incen diary spirit,
one longs for a presence whose com-
ing is tranquility, whose tacit sym-
pathy is a benison, who can afford to
trust to silences more than is in the
power of words to convey.
Nature did not intend that we
should 'forever be on the go. Sleep,
solitude and relaxation are of 'her
ordainment as certainly as vigilance,
associative toil : and strenuous effort.
They who know how to rest and when
to be still are the ones whose accom-
plishment excels the frantic gyration
of those who hustle without a pian,
save to keep on hustling. Those who
mak e a great show of business with-
out getting -much done are impatient
with those who take time to think and
who believe in circumspection before.
they ..leap, .
The hasty pluck at the sleeves of
the deliberate and want to know when
they may expect to see results. They
pretend to put a premium on quick
decision; but, as a matterof fact,
they never learned the virtues of pa-
tience and precaution, and others
sometimes must pay for their head-
long rashness. It is right that those
who get things done should be extolled
when the achievements • are worth
while, but it does net mean much to
set in motion any process of produc-
tion without• prefiguring the cost and
trying to ascertain the outcome.
The gregariousness of •Inen is their
nio"st contemptible and' discouraging
aspect. See how they follow each
other like sheep, not i.nowing wny.
—Thoreau. -
Little Ikey Golcierg Shows Off for Jeff's Benefit.
e CLCgRC-D 'I4 S THROfhT AND
} PRocccbcD: rtc >A(D'
°THIS STGty iS Tttc 5ottt
vuHAi Bre INGS t'
ANb-ThE CYNIC IS -
vARE MY MAMMA
riAilc S G(�„
111
•
f F
WINNIPEG—THE NEW
FUR CENTRE
The 'largest prlmtiry receiving point
for 'funs .in Canada, is the •olaim now
being put forward by Winnipeg as a
result of the .outsthuding position that '
city leas recently acquired as a shipper
of firma. Fifty years ago the trade of
Winnipeg was largely in tura, but with ,
the gradual settlement of the Brairies
and the enoroachnient of eivilizatt
on •the haunts of•wtld fur -bearing ani'
znais, agriculture .and manufacturing
became of more importance.. Of recent.
years, however, Winnipeg has again
beconie a prominent fur -receiving point
and tris'establishnient of the Winnipeg
Fur Audtion Sales, Company two or
three years ago definitely placed that
city in a position of some consequence
insofar as the fur trade is concerned'.
One of the most important contribut-
ing factors to the gro*ing importance
of Winnipeg's fur trade is the marls
pronouneei'i 'activity' of the trappers.
The rapid expansion of the Aur -farming
industry of Canada in reGentyears has
tended.' to overshaivoil the value of this
source .of' raw fur peltry. In the north-
ern areas of 'the Dominion trapping is
largely the chief means 01 subsistence„
of the inhabitants, and as the catch is •
marketed • through ';trading companies
or commission agents, its importance
perhaps is not generally fully appreci-
ated. ;
The Settler -Trapper Increasing.,
Since the -earlier days of settlement
fur trapping has formed no insignifi-
cant share of the revenue of the set-
tler, and at present, in some'districts
away 'from large communities, .it Is
still the practice . of the fanner, after
he has, garnered his crops, to go into.
the bush and set out his line of traps.
Quite frequently the trapping grounds
are a considerable distance away, and
it is not unusual for the settler to be
gone all winter 4nd return with his
catch only 'when the spring thaws have
set in. .
•The settler trapper Is to be found in
larger numbers :in Western Canada
than in the 'older established farming
districts•' of the East. This is probably
due to the fact that many, large lum-
bering camps in the East, operating
throughoutthe•winter months, absorb'
the surplus „farm labor. Onthe other
hand, the industrial activities, of the
West have not yet .reached a point
where they are capable et offering em-'
ployment,: to the, farmer during the
slack period of farming ' operations. ,.
Therefore it is essential to; the active
farmer, who is desirous of increasing
his income, to look to other means of
employment, and in trapping he finds
work which, . in good seasons, often
returns him considerable profit.
With this large and ever-growing set-
tler; trapper and Indian population in
the West, it is not surprising that Win-
nipeg has again come to the fore as a
fur 'centre. Many large fur companies
of international Scope have their head=
quarters there and also have tra r
posts established throughout the north-
land. These companies handle the raw
product direct from the .trapper to
their retail stores in the more import-
ant British, Continental and American
cities.
Last year it is estimated that over
$5,000,000 worth of furs, $2,000,000 of
which represents the value of pelts
sold through the fur auction and the
balance private sales, were liandled Iu
Winnipeg. While the fur sales held in
Winnipeg are not in the same class
with those of Montreal, New York or
London, for the reason' that the selec-
tion of furs put up for sale . is some-
-what limited as they are largely made
up .of the natural production of the
country, the collections offered aro • '
purely_ Northwestern furs and are not
mixed with inferior 'grades. This im-
portant feature of the sales is becom-
ing more widely recognized and is re-
acting most beneficially tb the 'fur
trade of Western Canada.
For Drees Doesn't Clothe. •
"Your wife must Spend a terrible
amount of: money on her cloth:nng.
"Yolfre wholly wrong—she spends
it all on her dress." •
l3oorned by •Books.
A holiday resort, can have no batter
advereiesmeret;titan .a •widely,rend' bock
written bye pepuiar authos•.
lia,ll” Caine's novel, "The 3aeemstel•,"
sent term of thousands of peeple Rock-
ing to the Isis of Man, where.the.scene
is laid. -
Holiday • makersfollowed `Lori,
Doane" to Esinoor•end-Ilfraconibe,•an''
Combe Martin in the.same district rose `
to fans as the scene of Marie Corelli's
"Mighty Atom,"
Yarmouth ihas benefited greatly ow-
ing to Dickens's "David Copporfeld.".
Next to a popular novel, a popular
song is probably about the best freer
advertisement for a hoiidayr. resort.
The' adjective "glorious," for example,
will probably be associated i'i people's
minds with "Deyen" for malty 'ears to
coni on sid'Gott*t•. of the., Is11t1d; NO