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The Exeter Advocate, 1920-12-23, Page 11.011 4.1 Address communications to Agronomist, 73 Adelaide S: West, Toronto, Mash Means Money. The problem .of the poultryman to-) day is to get his birds to eat enough mash. Mash, theehigh protein carry-. ing part of the ration, should be be- fore the birds at all times. .Records .ef our high -producing birds show that they consumed practically equal parts of mash and scratch by weight. How was this done and low can it be re- peated? e-preated? The mash should be made as palat- able as possible, and the fibre in it should be kept down as low as pos- sible. Adding alfalfa to the ration increases the fibre •content very rapid- ly. The lower the fibre content, the less the amount of energy required to digest a given amount of food and the more food is left for production purposes. A good mash can be made by mixing equal parts by weight of the following feeds: Cornmeal, bran, wheat middlings, ground oats and a leglr-grade meat scrap. This mash is simple, easy to get and is well bal- anced. To get the birds to eat this mash seems to be a problem for some poul- trymen. However, if they will cut down the amount of grain they feed in the morning and keep the birds hungry, they will be only too glad to eat mash. There are several methods of feed- ing mash. The first and most con- mon way in the commercial flock is in the large V-shaped hoppers, simi- lar to the self -feeders in such eom- mon use by heg rO ser; . Expert poultrymen have found that this type of hopper saves labor, as they can he built large enough to hold from a it impossible for the birds to pull and throw any mash out sidewise and waste it. 'We have been able to bring up the hash consumption of some of our flocks practically 100 per cent. by the introduction of this type of feeder. Birds that were only eating one and one-half pounds of mash a month are now eating three, and their produc- tion has been constantly on the in- crease, We have found that a feeder of this type, eight feet long, filled once a day, will provide ample feeding space for 200 birds, and will hold a day's supply of food. However, the length can be increased or 'eereased to fit the size of your flock. Of course, these feeders must be filled every day. With this type of feeder you can get increased mash consumption by sprinkling some milk or buttermilk along the top of the mash in the hopper, The birds will taste this and eat cons,iderableemore mash, Men using the large hopper method of feeding can also feed ,some .of the mash mixture dampened *ithi milk or water about noon, ie some other con- taThezerarehsevor c anal other possible blanketed continually to keep them Select the lighter -colored eggs. They roducers we types of mash hoppers in use and on clean, and to make their coats glossy, arehave and it rom ishighest f from such h stock that This t' f th FOR GREATER BEEF PRODUCTION Picture is of a "Trialia" a cross between a buffalo and a domestic Cow. It is claimed by live stock men making breeding experiments that about 250 pounds more prime -meat can be obtained on the shoulders of the animal by this cross breeding. The Welfare of the Home What is the Very best Inheritce That We Can Leave Our Children? Someone has said that boys are assets and girls liabilities, For many centuries and in many lands this has been the general sentiment and the eare and training of each has had this mistaken idea for a basis. Step by step, with unyielding persistence, the girls have made progress, and now in the twentieth century they can claim, equality with their brothers. Our country is not rich because of its a houses and lands, mines, stocks and advantages. bonds, but because of its boys and Now what are the limitations? girls. Knowing then the value of Why is it that a steady stream of this these same boys and girls, how are best blood of the land has been pour we rearing them, training them and ing into the towns and cities fox guiding them? How are we fitting years? Why is it that boys and girl* them for their greatest usefulness? look away from the farm 'tevith< long- Never ong Never before in the .history of the ing eyes and hungry hearts? Whys world has there been so much serious is it that, too often, their interest in thought and earnest effort in the de- farm life es dead before they enter ' velopment of these human plants. the teen age? These are important Luther Burbank, the great hortieul- questions to ask ourselves. We have turalist, says that the best place to held farmers institutes. We have bring up a bey or girl or a plant is ' studied many problems --;ell earnest in the country, the nearer to nature and profitable. We know how to give the better. So farm children start: our bean erop intelligent care; how with no handicap. They have wwith-° to train and guard our young cane; out money and without price, •sunshine, ( our cows have recommended food and fresh air and blue sky,.and while, balanced rations, No chances are with these only they can hardly bei taken to mar their future usefulness. self-supporting, without these they We have thrown a searchlight on all will not need support long. On the, subjects but the most vital one of farm, the child learns to work, unless; he happens to be a most skillful shirk; and even then he is apt to take a few i lessons in doing things. The moral! value of work is unquestioned. Steady„! Persistent work has done more to •�• keep the world clean and wholesonse' Government Stock in the than any other force in it. Children' on the farm learn many kinds of; Show Ring. work. They learn to meet every -day, have been learning sone earnest lei sons, They have gone.to bed early, begun the new day early and.have been thinking ' of other things thee just to have a good time. In busi- ness, the thing to -day that is in de - mend is character .coupled with ire telligence. And this, more than any other place in the world, the life on the farm should prodnce. These are some of the advantages to he efained from country living. They are great When the horse ,is obliged to stand idle outdoors in cold weather for any length of time it should be well "blanketed. This is particularly true of clipped horses. Some horses are eggs has been heavily drawn on and therefore is reduced. The eggs from those of our flock who have spent the winter loafing and eating our profits will start laying fairly well in the spring, and their eggs are the best colored. But we do not want to raise our chickens from loafers, the market, but for the man who has is is tivrong gree ise, or, * n ewe want our next heavy -laying ?i,n i,t in hm•aa •nntl pul- lets to come. a small flock the closed top 'trough first place, type will give him the most satisfae- originates for the most part in his tory results. skin, hence the blanket cannot keep _ it out; in the second place, the blanket Pigs on Rape, does not make a true gloss on the That at least 500 pounds of gains coat, but only a temporary one, which p is soon last when the horse goes out Everybody will agree with the Do- emergencies intelligently and to ad -I What is the best inheritance we ear in pigs may be accredited to the acre' in the cold Liberal use of the curry minion Animal Husbandman, who just themselves readily to charging' leave our boy and girl? Twents acres" Forty acres? Two hundred - acres? No, decidedly no! What we should give them and the best that we can leave them—a dean healthy body, an intelligent mind and a pure soul. With this, they have even , chance for euccess and happiness Without them, they will be ship. wrecked early in the strenuous voyage of life. all, the Home. We take the' best farm magazines. How many do we take which teach us how to rear aur chil. dren? This father and mother best. ness :is the greatest, the most complex, the most subtle and the most worthy in the whole world. Too many of u* have begun it without preparation and continued it with great indiffer. once. of rape forage for a season has been comb and brush are the best means week's to a month's supply. How-. determined in tests at the Ohio Ex- comb obtaining a clean and glossy coat. ever, they also found that they are; periment Station. The best results feed wasters. Birds will sit up on from Tape pasture were secured when ' (1`ovember on Federal Ea M writes an interesting article in The conditions. They have fewer temp - Agricultural Gazette of Canada for tations. There are fewer opportuni- T "Exhibits in ties for careless and unnecessary the edge of the hopper and pick out the pigs were given a full feed of Hatchling Brown -Shelled Eggs the Show Ring,"that the exhibition spending and the habit of right saving the most tasty particles of mash•--' corn, nine parts; tankage, one part,( Selecting eggs for setting or hatch- of good stack of any breed, whoever is one of the sinews of character.. the cornmeal and neat scrap --and by weight;' the amount accredited in! ing is one of the most important the owner may be, is the most potent. Farm life is not artificial; there is will leave the bulky, less palatable, this ease being G28 pounds to an acre phases of the poultry business, for the kind of advertising for that breed, time for realities only. In business, feed in the hopper or throw it out of rape. quality, size and egg -producing abili- and that Canadian interests could intim young man and woman from the sidewise with their beaks. After It is usually supposed that pigs ties of our next laying flock depend no wise suffer by a creditable show- farm is at a premium, because the time =ou will find the feedinM when fed corn alone on rape pasture on this selection. It is equal in im- ing of Government stock at the great- employer knows that on the farm they some e „ part of the hopper filled with dirty: would consume more of the forage portance to the selection of our breed bran and the oat hulls, and that the'" than when supplemented with tank- mg heifers or our breeding sows, ewes herds aren't eating it. To overcomeage. However, the pounds accredited or marcs. this you must clean out the hopper, for pigs on rape pasture with corn In this respect the brown -shelled before the buds will take to the mash' alone, alone, but on full feed, was only 450 egg -laying breeds have a distinct ad - again. 1 pounds. With limited feeding how- vantage over the breeds that produce A better type of feeder which has' ever, where only three-fourths' feed wide use is the V -trough feeder with- of corn was given, the gains amount - the top partially covered so that the' ed to 544 pounds for the season. birds can't throw out the mash and Limited feeding with the standard waste it. Also, the birds the, select rate of supplementing corn by nine their food; they just have to pick and parts to one of tankage, gave 522 take what they get, as the opening is pounds of gain to the acreage of just High enough so the birds can forage. look in. With this feeder you will The pigs used in this experiment find scarcely any feed wasted, and averaged about fifty-one pounds each you will also find your mash consump- and, of course, the ones receiving corn, tion will stay fairly uniform.. This 9, tankage, one on pasture, made the type of feeder is very easily con- highest dandy gain, 1.47 pounds. strutted, and when completed will Limited feeding of corn alone on rape have several features not found in the forage brought a daily gain of 1.0G ordinary hopper. pounds. The lot of the sante weight There is a 2 x 2 -inch ,lod directly fed in dry lot with a ration of corn, over the opening in the feeder. TMs 9, tankagenone, made an average gain re vents the birds from roosting on of only nine -tenths of a pound; hence P It and from getting in and dirtying there is a difference of more than the feed. Gare must be used in select- half a pound per day per pig in favor Ing this rod so that it will be straight, of balanced ration on rape pasture. as it is mounted on nails so that it These tests show that it pays best will turn around and make the birds to feed supplements of corn on rape fly off. If there is a slight bend in pasture. When'hogs are being raised the rod it will not turn freely, and for breeding stock, it will be cheaper the birds will be able to roost on the top of the hopper. Another feature that we have found to help increase the usefulness of this feeder is to tacke a mason's lath along to grow the hogs on a limited grain ration on rape.pasture as the concen- trates required per 100 pounds gain are less. However, it pays to use some tankage in the ration. In. this each edge"of tlie'top bf the trough experiment the pigs fed corn alone so that it is flush with the outside but while on rape pasture required 825 projects over the inside from one- pounds of concentrates to every 100 fourth to one-half inch. This makes pounds of gain made. One of the important factors in the success with hatching eggs during Ile spring is the care of the breeding stock during the winter. Hens that itre forced for eggs in the winter can- not produce the most hatchable eggs In the spring. Birds that are too fat will produce eggs lacking in fertility. If they are enclosed in small yards end do not have sufficient exercise it will injure. the hatchability of the eggs. Green food is a tonic to• the hens during the winter and helps to keep them in condition to produce 'fertile -eggs during the season of incubation. Exercise in a deep straw litter helps tokeep them in good physical condi- tion. Year-old and two -yeas -old hens produce -the best and most vigorous *hicks. They are naturally apt to take a rest .during the winter: after the previous 'summer's laying and that, test gives their systems a chance to recuperate and they have the vitality to produce hatching eggswith a strong spark of life. The pullets which have been fed for ,eggs during the winter cannot produce hatchling eggs- that' are as valuable for that urpose as the eggs laid -by the hens. t is why it pays to keep, both hens And pullets. The hens are to be the breeding stock which rests in the whit= ter, ' while the pullets are to be the producers, which bring in the winter egg money. Many failures with poultry result from poor hatches and the mortality among weak chicks. tJ ually the In- cubator receives most o� the blame. And the real reason is often a lack o .•,,.•h breeding , t ri in the Dredd ng etoclG, One. t�pprd o !he ro`.,�;•yrian's 'aims must ,be to keep the breeders vigorous during the winter and thus begin the plans for the 'spring hatching season long be- fore spring arrives. Many pigs and calves are lost each year, especially in the winter, because the breeding stock was kept confined too closely and not allowed to exer- cise. freely. Animals seldom refuse to go out when given the opportunity; if they do, they need to be forced. They will maintain a better appetite, their health will be better, and the air and sunshine is highly beneficial. Some farmers force the breeding stock to take daily exercise, making them go certain. distances to get feed or water. The little lot back of the barns makes a good winter range and yard for breeding stock. Crean milk can be secured with milking -machines if proper precau- tions are taken. These precautions are such that they : are within the limits of the 'ability of every dairy- man. The . all-important principle which must be kept in mind is strict attention to details. No matter if a few essential rules in the care of the machines are carried out to the letter, if one should be occasionally neglect- ed the results are sure tobe irregular. That is why some of the dissatisfied users of milking-anaohine•s have grounds` for complaints. Tho fault is. with the' users. If the machines are properly taken care of they..•'Will give, eatiefaction in producing r•lean milk, white -shelled eggs, for. the tint and richarness of the brown eolor can aid us in making wise and profitable se- lections. Most farmers, and many poultry- men, select the darkest, richest brown - colored eggs for setting, believing that they have secured the eggs from their best layers and from their truest breed -type hens. However, the oppo- site is the correct method. We find that a hen that has laid heavily ,all through the winter, produces eggs,, in the spring, that are not so highly colored. Indeed, many of her eggs are only tinted or speckled. The strain of manufacturing a large num- ber of eggs has toad on her, and the coloring natter which goes into her est stock shows ,in the World. The article referred to is a sort of defence of the action taken by the Experi- mental Farm system in making en- tries at various fairs, local and pro- vincial. Exception to this course has been advanced on the ground that it is a ease of the people competing against the people. On the other hand it is desirable that farmers and the public generally should know what is being done with the money' provided by them. As Mr, George B. Rothwell, the Dominion Husband- man, suggests, if the entries can top the classes there is the best kind of evidence right in the spotlight of publicity that the public are at least being supplied with a run for their money. Mr. Rothwell lays down cer- tain restrictions under which such exhibits should be made. He also de- tails certain successes that have al- ready been achieved in the show ring by the Experimental Farm system. Better Farmhouse Floors BY D. WILLIAMSON. "I'm going to build a farmhouse," you say, or "I'm going to remodel this .old farmhouse." Very good; you get your plans, pore over catalogues, consult with your contractor, then set to work. The walls are to be hollow tile, we'll say; the roof, asbestos . shingle; electric lights are to be put in; a vacuum- cleaning system installed. "Oh, I'm going to have everything right up to the very last minutel" you tell your, neighbors. But, hold on; how about the floors? Are you going to use the same old sort that your grandfather put down when he built? No, ,I don't believe you are; I'm sure you want better floors to match all the other good things. And so I have a notion you'll be interested, if I tell you what I've learned about modern floors from practical experience. Hardwood fibers, properly laid, ire a splendid investment, save a lot of housework, and with good -care are almost everlasting.. In a new house I always lay a good level floor of cheap pine boards; then, the very last thing, when all other work is done, An Optimist is a man vts io can eat a. Flo of $cup at a church supper and then ,say, "Well, maybe the oys- ter was in some other dish. d i Silent Service. For a moment Eleanor did not,'1% In the excitement and worry of mother's sudden illness the dinner dishes had been forgotten. Eleanor thought of them with a sudden pang as she paced the corridor of the great hospital, waiting for the doctor's ver - diet, two hours later.. She did not leave the hospital until'a quiet, calm - eyed nurse had assured her that her mother was better; that she would live, It was after five o'elock when she walked in at the front door of her house, and again she thought of that table of unwashed dishes. How good the girls bad been to her, and how sweet and sympathetic they were! They had volunteered to do anything in the world for her that they could. Phoebe was the only one among them who had not seemed eager and anx- ious to help. She was disappointed in Phoebe. She opened the door of the living room and stared; everything was in perfect order—the curtains at just the right angle, and not a speck of dust anywhere, She walked on through to the dining room. Again she stared. The cable from whieh they had so hur- riedly risen to take mother to the hospital had no unwashed dishes upon it. It was set with a spotless cloth; the silver and the glasses shone. There were clean napkins, and a bowl of nasturtiums glowed in the entre of the table. She walked through the dining room into the kitchen. The fire burned brightly; something was cooking on the range; and there by the table sat a little, quiet, brown -eyed girl, in a simple blue house dress and a big apron, slicing potatoes. • "Why, Phoebe May," cried Eleanor, "is it you?" "Yes; I stayed after the others went away," said Phoebe, smiling "I know how hard it would be for you to come back to unwashed dishes and have to get suppers I made a custard, and, if you like, we can have biscuits. I have the potatoes nearly ready to go on, and I found some cold meat in the refrigerator." Eleanor sat down. How tired she was! And yet what •a stay and a prop was all this cleanliness and order— and Phoebe's smile! In a flash some lines of Lucy Larcom's came into her mind: three -fourths -inch is the least I can recommend for that purpose. I generally scrape my floors, but this as not absolutely necessary, and is quite expensive if ,properly done. Planing a hardwood floor, however, is the worst thing you can do; even a very sharp plane bit will tear the sur- face, whereas a scraper leaves it sa- tin -smooth. Professional floor -scrap- ers wear rubber shoes, or go in stock- ing -feet, so as, not to mar the unfinish- ed floor with shoe -nails. After. scraping I always fill the pores of oak with some good paste filler; pine, maple, or any close - grained wood will not need this; then, for any' hardwood, I put on two coats of shellac, sand -papering each coat lightly. When the shellac is dry, I smear on some floor wax, and polish with a weighted brush that comes for the purpose. Every so often, when the floor looks dull, some more wax is rubbed on and polished;; if this is carefully done every few weeks, your floors will never show a sign of wear, and will never need refinishing. Soft -wood floors can not be *Satisfac- torily waxed; they must be varnished I cover thiswith building papery and and kept varnished. lay the hardwood floor. At *present But there is another modern ma - prices of lumber, the thin flooring' terial which I have used. with •splendid (tbxee-eighths or half an inch) is the results—composition flooring. A see- thing to use; but be sure that the ends � cial cement (there are quite a. num- as well as the edges are tongued and er of good sorts on the market) is grooves, else it won't die level. As spread down and smoothed dike a eon - for the material, that depends on cir- •trete sidewalk; any good 'cement - white vt^hite worker can do this. The b and entire floor are all in one piece; there are no joints to hold dust and. dirt. I have laid this material over concretes new Board fiogysi old iboarcj fors, etc., and it has always worked well. The usual thickness is about three-eighths of an inch. On a wooden floor we usually nail dawn chicken wirs.to reinforce it; on concrete this 'itis necessary. . Some of the manufat' facturers claim that their product does not need the chicken wire under any circumstances. Composition flooring comes in various different col- ors, and is waxed like hardwood; the only objection that I know of is that it is a bit slippery when highly pol- ished. cumstanees; I have used bot oak and hard maple, with e results. There is very little when all things are considered. oak has rather the prettiey xgram, -especially if quarter=sawed; 'burt'it is more expensive. The cheapggr� grades of maple have ugly streakswa'hd marks; but they wear just as well on', kitchen floor as the more costly. And there are other: kinds of hardwood that, ' i'' give good•service and s'atisf'actio. In an old house the floors have usualily sagged, so you will neccd to lay nailing -strips of different ick- n¢ss to level up -, the new: flo 'ring Thereto ie, very thin flooring•• will spring and bond when walked on, ;ince it is not: lying' fat on the lough ° l; :ellent choice;- The ply. She had had her dark hour, but it had not been the other girls that had led her out upon the sunny slope., of hope and courage. It had bitogn plain, silent Iittle Phoebe. .fie put both arms round the slender figure enveloped by the big gingham apron. "So many dishes, and you washed them for nae!" she said brokenly. High Speed for Grindstones is Dangerous. I had a power grindstone that was run from a three-inch pulley on a line - shaft. This gave ma just the right speed for ordinary purposes, but as I was in a hurry, and my ax was full of nicks, I moved the grindstone to a twelve -inch pulley on the same shaft.' I knew this would give rue more speed and thus I could grind the ax down faster. I started grinding and was well pleased with the effect. The nicks were being quickly ground away. Thee red-hot bats of steel flew into the air, like fire from a Roman candle. All at onto the ax flew from my hands. There was a crash, and I found myself on my back on the floor. I thought I had been hit by lightning, I had been running the stone at too high a speed, and :it had broken, hurl-' ing a part of it through the side of the building, tearing a hole large enough for me to walk through. The ax, which was caught by the flying stone, crashed through the side of a power washer that stood a short dia. tance away. A piece of flying stone struck me In the stomach, knocking me to the floor; but I was not in the circle of the stone's motion, I escaped practi- cally unhurt. The damage done to the building, washer and grindstone cost me more than $50, and I had to, go to a neighbor's to finish grinding my ax. I learned a little lesson that I am not likely to forget. Grindstones were not mads to run at high speed; from: sixty to 100 revolutions a minute is, plenty fast enough. I find It pays to run the grindstone by power, as its saves one man's time in the busy sea- son; but in the future I will be care -f ful about running the stone too fast, • Beat the High Cost of • Machinery. If but one friend has crossed thy way Do you have any machinery out an Only once in thy mortal day, the weather? Drop the work you had If only ..once life's best surprise planned for to -day and put it undee cover. This part of the equipame* for farming costs more to -day than ever before in history. This make necessary greater care if we avoid excessive cost. The machine* which we buy to -day are much mors " " sher'ed ou do a Intricate and coipplicated and tau[ Phoebe, c s 'did y 1l this—" _ mor �mage4 by wea nL . telt Phoebe smiled again. "Why not &A-6 pr us ?ears. e'� I am your friend, you know, and of the total investment saved eaci friendship stands for something" She year your machinery is properly cared paused, then continued:"I'an not for, is a very, conservative estimate. .. beautiful like Nina andGladys. I The added satisfac 19,e d..- rivi{z y ' in operating tight -fitting; snsoo -riini cant sing as Kate sings. I �cau t mal,:e p g bright, funny little speeches as Mar, -icing machinery needs no 'argunnen garet does.But I can wash for its roof, No machline can sten . dishes P and put things in order for you. I out in the 'weather' end then operates don't expect yto' love me as you do effelently the Beason. you the others. I'm so insignificant and es ise ai man's creed n lain and commonplace, but, oh, I If you . d p y I\ 1 ayes you!" p are not far from bating Has opened on thy human eyes, Ingrate thou wert indeed if thou Didst not in that rare presence bow And on earth's holy ground, unshod, Speak softer the dear name of God. Tears rushed to her eyes.