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The Exeter Advocate, 1920-6-3, Page 6• %eddrese, communications to Agronomist,, 73 Adelaide St,. West, Toronto Oats and Peas For Silage. "' In districts where early frosts make corn an uncertain crop, oats and peas can be grown profitably for silage. Oats and peas withstand light frosts it is uecefisary to bother with a butter - worker. I know of a'certain lady who has a good reputetiaz - as a butter- maker, but I ?nave noticed .that her butter sometimes has a pale, salvy look, to it. I did not know the reason CUXWhere the apiary cannot be watch - ent colony will be so much weakened by their foss that it is not likely to swarm again. I am one of the users of a self - feeder. Mine is not an expensive one. I made it myself. My first experience. with it was wigs 16 hogs,. None .of. theta weighed over 150 pounds. 1 .made it five feet long, and it fed from one side only. There are two compart- ments. At first I thought it would be too small, but now I see that it was plenty big enough.There is only one reason for having more room, and that and make an excellent growth, even is to allow a larger amount of feed with low temperatures; '4'F hen unease for it until I saw her working her to be dumped in at one time, arable weather for harvestinclover butter She"fook it in'herbands ani As a matter of fact, a feeder of this g kneaded ib And. squeezed it in l:er : kind is used all the time, and there sets in, such as a ling rainy spell, the chopping bowl and after she thou ht are seldom more than two or three clover can first be pat in the silo, that it had received enough working after which the oats anti peas can be she took a handful and pressed it into harvested. In sections where corn her butter -mold to print it. By then will not do well an account of a lack it was a greasy mess. of heat, oats and peas, as a rule, will One can realize it better when he produce more tonnage and the silage understands that the temperature of will be much better, being nearer a the hands is around 100 degrees F., balanced ration. A dressing of barn- whereas the temperature of tbe butter yard manure will increase the yield, should be in the neighborhood of 55 pigs eating at one time. So what is the use of having a feeder so big? I don't know of any reason. And what is the use of five or six compartments for the pigs to look into when they feel a little hungry? I don't see any. So last fall, when I got my 16 pigs an clover, I threw the corn for them over the fence every couple of days, ed, the plan of preventing •.ewarming by examining every brood comb ,in every colony every tiveelt, andnestroy- ing all. the queen cells is -very labor- ious and toot always". effective: A simpler plan isto remove the queen at the beginning of the clover honey flow, aid ,eight or nine days later, destroy, all'the queen cells except one, or destroy ail and give a ripe cell of select parentage. In this way a young queen is obtained which will not swarm and, besides, will be more prolific in the fall and next year than the old queen, and will. be less likely to swarm next year. This plan, how- ever, causes a certain amount of loaf- ing until the new queen starts laying. This loafing can be much reduced by introducing a ripe queen cell at the time the queen is removed, and if this is done early enough before any pre- parations for swarming have been started, the bees are unlikely to build further queen cells, Where, however, 1 especially on new lands which have degrees. Such a difference, of course, and kept the self•.feeder full of tank- one prefers to use the surer method, not been inoculated by clovers. Oats makes the :butter melt more or less, age, I hauled a tank of water out,, only those colonies that are actually and peas contain more than twiee as which spoils the grain. Then, again, and let it drip a little all day into a preparing to swarm should be treated, much. protein as corn, and therefore in looking at it from. a sanitary stand- trough for them. So they had water and sante means for quickly ascertain - make a ration which is practically wen Doint, working the butter with the and corn and tankage with clavier, ing if a colony is budding queen -cells balanced in itself. As a food far dairy; stands cannot be as clean as when forage. What more could a pig want? in preparation for swarming should cows it is most excellent, ani will sub- using a butterworker, as the butter ' my feeder cost in actual material be employed. One of the best of these stiiute the best of pasture. is more apt to absorb impurities when purchased about $3. That was for is t., have the brood nest occupy int) In the fall of 1018 I had' an clarion made soft by the heat of the hands: matched siding used in it, The 2x4 chambers, and then by prying up the to test the worth of oat end pea silage It is true that bread is often made .stuff was on the farm, and the roof upper chamber, one can see at a compared nith corn silage. I had been with the hands, but, although it would was also a piece left from roofing the glance if the queen cells are being fending; corn eilage to a number of certainly be cleaner not to use the hen house. Most farms helve this same built along the lower edge of tbe dairy cava, and on the twenty-first of hands, bread or any mixture made of material lying •around in a pile, so combs in this chamber. J n ary came to the place in the silo flour does not have the absorbing just why should we pay $20 or +3Q far In many parts of southern Ontario; where oats el peas had been put in. tenlercy of butter or other grease- a feeder is not quite clear to me, My' southern Quebec and similar regions We noticed at once an increase in the like substance. hogs grew faster than I ever had any. time desire to swarm is strong only production of milk from our herd. Butter handled with the hands is grow before, and I know the feeder during the first two or three weeks0. One cow niti«it viae i.eari dry, giving peri apt too have a greasy, saivy ter- paid. I also think that a' $3 feeder: of the honey flow from clever, and a'li•ut fourteen pounds per day, rose ture, and it also has poor keeping made them grow just as fast as a, the separation of queen and brood by quickly to twenty pounds per day; an- gt:alities on account of being subject- $30 one would, So I'm $2? ahead,! a queen excluder, the queen being put other increased from fifteen pounds ed to extremes in temperature. and that is just about the price of into a lower chamber containing only to twenty-four pounds," and similar I have noticed that quite a few, another pig—at present prices, empty combs and foundation, may ba increases were noted by other animals farmers who have a fancy print for enough to tide the colony over this of the herd. This was sufficient epi- their butter do nit realize that, al- '"�"'--" &ewe for us toprove that oats and period, Another good plan that may though the mold may be supposed to be to prevent swarms., in pea silage was superior a earn silage, rint a certain amount in wet ht Control, a SWarx>ain , mag p ` g p ' z. (in this enoughgoon is to use two brand esneeially when given as we were my neighborhood the one -pound seems, Swarming is the bees' natural chanabers and confute the queen to fc<ciirg, to bis the most popular), it does not method of increase, and the instinct time lower one early in the honey flow, Our method of sawing ta to worn, always make the correct weight, de-' to swarm is particularly strong under' at which time the combs in this the ground as early in the slurring as pending somewhat on the firmness of the extremely favorable conditions chamber usually contain a large num- it can be plowed and harrowed, then the butter and the time of the year, for bee activity of the Canadian spring ber of empty cells. sowing one and one-half bushels of • that it is made, and also on the way, and summer. peas to one and one-half bushels of that it is hand].d. A very fancy print' The uncertainty of swarming, the, oats per a.re, The ,rats mail peas will is more inclined to vary than one that loss of honey following the division ExpQyime t5 in Avrlcuiture. germinate even v.ben time ground is is plainer. 1 of the working force of the colony,{ cold and wet, and late spring frestr I know a farmer who had a rice? the possibility of swarms escaping,# Almost every farmer in Canada is • will not destroy the plants. The crop hotel trade for his butter. He was; and the diffictmlty in preventing interested in some phase of the agil-i spill come on in raid -summer, and really a good buttermaker and bad all; si arming in many parts of Canada cultural work carried on by the when the' peas are won podded and the necessary. equipment. He had a `i without considerable labor, all make Dominion Experimental, Farms Sys - most of the pods filled, the crop is very fancy butter mold which madei the control of swarming quite the ten both at Ottawa and on the twenty ready for the silo. It should be ent a "hit" But he lost his trade at the; greatest problem in bee management, branch farms distributed between the and put in the silo when still green. hotel and at other places. To -day hes To encourage work in the hive and Atlantis and the Pacific. The work Do not allow the forage to become is selling milk instead of butter. He to discourage the desire to swarm, covered on these farms includes in - dry and then be obliged to add water; never has' known the reason why he' plenty of room, bothin the brood vest:gations with live • stock, field the natural juice of the plants is the' could not find steady customers for: chamber and in the super, and Iarge crops, fruit growing, tobacco, bees, best and cannot be replaced by adding i his butter. But one day I was talking i entrances should be given to all col- poultry and, in fact, all branches of water. with a man who was a guest at the onies as soon as conditions are fav- agriculture adapted to Canadian con - Oats and peas can be handled much hotel, and he told me that he had' orable, but these measures will not ditions,' The -Report of the Dominion the same as hay when made into sin seen the hotel people weighing the f always be enough to prevent` swarm- Experimental Farms for the ' Fiscal age. It is better to cut, however, butter, and there had been times when ing in many places, especially in the Year 1919 is obtainable from the Pub - when the dew is an to prevent peas' it was as much as two ounces under' north. lications Branch, Department of Agri- culture, Ottawa. This report records many valuable and interesting experi- ments that are under way. Among these are experiments in feeding live stock for marketm and summer and winter experiments in fattening swine. peas are much easier to raise than ladle along the edge to even it off, swarm will return, the queen having The Bee Division gives a preliminary corn as they can be planted fully a and wrap it in parchment paper. "Of `` been meanwhile picked up and placed report of ,its experiments with two month earlier and will not be damaged course there must be an exact pound,' in a cage in the new hive. The field queens in one hive, and in the Division by frosts. More than that, no cuiti- because it was a pound .told," he bees will join the swarm and the par- of Economic Fibre Production the var- vation is needed, and where quack thought, grass is bothersome, a heavy yield I know a woman who makes nice will choke out end destroy the quack butter. It is printed in pound lots, grass. THE SUNDAY SCHOOL THE SUNDAY SCHOOL LtSSON JUNE GTA. 1avant Failure, I Samuel 15, Golden ' Text—I Sam. 15: 26. 1-9. "The Lord sent me to anoint thee" Samuel reminds Saul that he had been chosen and set apart for his high office by God, end that therefore he should obey the voice of God as spoken by His prophet, Behind and over all, *Samuel believed, was the authority, the power of God, the in- visible I{ing, whose spokesman he was. There had already been a breach be- tween Saul and the old prophet, when Saul had acted upon his own, initiative in offering sacrifice and prayer pre - 1 richly, deserved the punishment which • they received; Ot 10-12, "It' reponteth ane:e 'In the • simple and almost childlike way ,of thinking of that primitive age, God is represented as being sorry for° what , He had done. ' It had been His will that Saul should do' well; but he is turning out badly. Samuel himself feels very badly about it, He, too, had desired and hoped great things from the king he had chosen. 13-21, Samuel came to 'Saul, The king was returning victorious from the destruction of the Amalekite tribes. He had set up a monument, as a memorial of his victory, at Carmel,- south of Hebron, and .had then gone on to Often the ancient sanctuary in pre- paratory to setting out with his little 1 the Jordan. valley, where his kingdom army against the 3?hilistnes, and had. had been formally ratified and inaug- not waited for Samuel's presence and , mated in a representative assembly sanction (13: 5-14).. Samuel now gives of the people (11: 14-15), him another chance, and co him friendly greeting of znacl, him in the name of the Lord to "go 1 and his declaration that he hadSa"per- and smite Amalek,'}formed the eantntandnment of the It seems quite natural that Saul; Lord," are obviously insincere, as also should chafe under such dictation by aro the excuses vvl ieh he mal:es. He the old prophet, Ile was a soldier, ai shifts the responsibility to the people, leader of armies, who ought to have: but says that their motive was. good. been free to use his awn judgment and They "spared the heat of the sheep to plan his own campaigns. But,i and of the oxen to sacrifice." Tile last nevertheless he should have known statement may lave been tri e end that the strength of a kingdom does• they may have irtended to have a not altogether lie in its army, nor the, great celebration and a saarifieial strength of •atm army in the .wisdom or feast at Gilgel„ But this was, of skill of its commander. Samuel stood! course; in direct disobedience to the for faith, the recognition of God, de -1 command of Jehovah spoken by the pendeuce upon God. Moreover, the, prophet, that they Should utterly de - men of. Israel knew and trusted andi stray everything , honored Samuel. - His presence and 22-23. "Echal,l, to obey is net ter counsel were in themselves a host; than seerifiee," Thia is one o elle Saul would have added vastly to his! great sayings of the prophet,, :tank is *e we eutngrity • and to the successful; true far all time. God is pleated only carrying out of his enterprises if unci with true devotion, with obedience of • had kept the :ntephet with hint as his. the heart and life, and not inm•;sly with counsellor and friends- 'Saul had ,our- external forms of worship. Saul's s:AA age and darifig, but he lacked humility ; is disobedience to that which he ?t!tovv;t anti fa;th, - to be the higher., It is "reima.lion' "Spare them not." The command' and "stubborness:' It is as bid •:tde of Samuel must seem to us very harsh, witcheraft, which was then condemned and cruel. It is certainly not in liar-[ by Taw, and as bad.aa the old fame of mony with the spirit and teaching of idolatry which their fathers had 1mrM;- Jesus Christ. At the, sante timo it. tied. must be that the Annie -1 24-26. "I have sinned." Saul' kites, whose -home was in the wilder- stubbornness and rebellion vanishes be - nese be remembered that the Annie -1 24-26. "I have sinned." Senn: nese south of Palestine, were mar- fore the prophet's burning wortie of auders and robbers, and no doubt' rebuke. and oats from shelling'. The land is weight. The hotel people, of course,' If the apiary can be watched all cleared in ample time to prepare the thought they were being cheated. I1 day, it is a good plan to clip the ground for winter rye or wheat. This know the farmer who made the butter queen's wings at fruit bloom time. as a special advantage when consider- was honest, but I remember how he When the colony swarms, remove tin able land is being farmed and labor printed. it. He would take a piece and hive to a new stand, place on the old is scarce and hard to get. Oats and press it into the mold hard, slide the stand an empty hive, to which the Working and Printing Butter. I have- erten wondered if the aver- age ver - age farm :;;it -err m aker realized .the importance of wo ing butter proper- ly, after it has "dinar" in the churn. I have found that there are many when you are .being paid for one buttermakers .slid do not think that pound. but I found that I always got a pound and two ounces when I weighed it. No doubt, you can hold your trade better by giving overweight than underweight, for the average 'person does not like to feel that he is being cheated, but it is not very good busi- ness to give a pound and an ounce On looking back over our records we found that January 1, 1919, we had a flock of 100 Plymouth Rock hens, all laying steadily, some young stock and a clear field to work in. Our hen house is a comfortable building, 12x32 feet and has the al- most priceless factor of a cement floor, thereby doing away with a damp, Chickens sold musty interior. Facing the south we Chickens eaten had practically forty feet of glass windows which with the addition of some thirty feet of double -weight mus- lin sashes, gave our hens a moderate amount of fresh air during the day. In addition to this, the glass windows have screens back of them and the windows themselves are placed on binges, so that during good weather they can be safely opened without the risk of having vermin enter the chicken house. We have a large piece of heavy canvas which is stretched under the roosts at night and removed in the morning. This leaves the entire floor space for scratching and does away with much of the weekly cleaning so very essential in poultry raising. We always keep several dust boxes placed in spots, primarily in the sun, and have found this the better method of any sofar for keep- ing the birds free from lice. We also use air -slaked lime very freely on the interior walls and ceiling of the build- ings. Each spring, we very thorough- ly spray roosts, nests and in face the ,entire place with. crude carb'olie acid and flake naphtha which will kill any mites there are in the house, We try to have all our chicks hatch- ed by the end or the middle of April, therefore the latter part of February amid the first part of March, the hens aiesmiommeso showing an inclination to set, are placed in a room by themselves. This is considered a little early to set them, so additional care is necessary in ar- ranging the nests that they might be warm and comfortable. About October 1st, we dispose of all old hens, as by that time the young stock has begun laying. Our accounts for 1919 return these figures: Value of eggs for year .... •. $392.95 155.38 96.19 Total $644.52 Feed . , ... , .. 164,80 Profit ....... $479.72. Germany Males First Belgian Reparation. The Belgian Reparations Cort - s- sion in Wiesbaden reports that up to April let, 1920, the following articles had been returned to the Belgians: 12,154 machines, and industrial ap- pliances aggregating 69,929 tons; 14,- 427 agricultural machines;' 3,895 head of poultry; 1,515 goats; 3,197 sheep; 87 horses and. 3,412 cattle; 3 tons of seed for, sowing; 250.tons of oats,. and 50 tons of barley, Art treasures to the value of 2,109,- 000,000 francs (normally $421,800,000) had been returned together with sever- al million francs worth of jewellery. The Interallfed Commission. had Slee returned 51,239 tons .of . railway .ma- teriahto the Belgian lines with 77,796 cars kid 2,215 locomotives. • A small hopper containing , grit, charcoal- and granulated bone tends to correct leg weakness. The first six months of a calf's life either„, intlakes or mars its future de - My Tractor Does the Work of Six Horses The tractor is the greatest adver- tiser that has ever been found for extensive and intensive farming. I believe that by the use of a tractor modern agriculture has been made successful. From my experience I derive the opinion that it takes a farm of 125 acres or more to; make the tractor pay like most purchasers expect it to, But there is a tractor for every farm and for every. pur- pose. The farm on which I use my tractor is. about 200 acres, and this would re- quire every bit of six good horses, be- cause I put nearly all in grain. Be- sides, it would require an extra• -hand and team during the seeding and' :har-, vesting time. What it would cost to keep those six horses I can't ten you, but I know they would cost about three times what it is costing me now. The cost of keeping my tractor is not very large. When I am viewing •I use about 20 cents' worth of kerosene to the acre. The lubricating oil, gasoline, and grease amount to about 8 cents an acre. This makes about 28 cents to the acre for plowing, and plowing 10 acres a day costs about $2-,80. I always consider a day's work to cost me about $2.80, whether I am . plow- ing, disking, or reaping. Except when I am doing• a small job, the cost is accordingto the load. The tractor I chose for my 200 acre's in cultivation was a 12-20.. The rea- sons I chose this make were: First, it was the proper size for my farm; second, it wasn't a cheap and half - constructed tractor, but backed by years ofeatperience third,. I• considered "the type of motor it had, as I believe it takes a four -cylinder four-cycle motor to make the small tractor suc- cessful; foiirth, this tractor is easily accessible to all parts by only 'lifting up the sides of thehood, which makes it easy to take it apart and to relilaee any worn parts; fifth, it was ,',61 "the four-wheel construction, as I.-beleve. '-hat. every tractor should have•. four wheels; sixth, it was of a very simple and durable construction, as 1 elieve, that the fewer parts a. tractor lies the less -there are to wear out. - I put nearly all the fields in •grain, and attend to every acre myself, ex- cept during reaping and threshing time. In summer I plow every acre with it, and do all this myself, averag- ing about 10 acres a day with a four - disk plow. The last two years I plowed 500 acres on the average of 10 acres a day, counting delays, breakdowns, etc., and at the same time keeping the tractor in A-1 condition. I don't claim to be breaking any records, but if you put these figures before the' ordinary small -tractor owner he might consider them well worth looking at. After I am through plowing I disk my land and put it all in good condi= tion, for seeding time. - I do all this with, the tractor. But when the time conies to• seed I rent a few horses, as I need • then only a short time. I .figure that this is cheaper than the equipment would cost t6 fix up a good rig to seed with my tractor. _ But I expect some day I might also do this jobwith a tractor. When reaping time comes there is nothing that beats a tractor-' in pulling a reaper. I have seven speeds on my tractor and I set it to go about 3.5 to 4 miles an hour and you, ought to see the bundles come out. • One thing that will cut my story shorter than•: that of some -.of your readers' is that I. will not be able to tell- you anything about breakdowns, as I haven't had a breakdown in the two years I have 'owned° my tractor. Now, I don'twant to claim that I haven't had any repair bills, but they have been small, because I' always re- pair and replace in time. I look my tractor over every now and then, and I look for worn parts that need re- placing. , So I keep my tractor always in good shape, and avoid large repair bills. I do all the repairing myself, and don't let anybody else foolwith it. This is one thing that cuts down the expense a good deal. I"am Very enthusiastic over power farming, :and it can't be beat. in my opinion if the farm is any wan decent and the man operating it uses just a little, common sense; that js'all that is required to make a modern, tractor, a. success. Machinery in, a few years is going to play a' still greater role in,rnadern agriculture.—B. L. W, iety test and tate prairie flax straw experiments are outlined. Throughout this publication there are many valu- able conclusions stated which are based on the experimental work con- ducted at these farms. Method of Orchard Culti- vation. The method or system of cultivation to be adopted may be varied to some extent to meet local conditions. In reality, however, all systems should be, and in most cases are, a slight modification of the "clean cultivation and cover crop system." The Clean Cultivation Method calls for all the ground under and around the trees to be plowed and frequently harrowed- until around July first. This system has much to recom- mend it, viz.: (1) maximum conserva- tion of soil moisture, (2) excellent. conditions for liberation of plant food especially nitrogen, (3) sightliness and cleanliness of the orchard, and (4) control of insect pests. - In connection with this, either fall or spring plowing may be practiced, the former, however, only in those localities with a favorable enough winter to so permit. The great secret of success with any system of culti- vation designed to conserve moisture and liberate plant food is to get on the land as early in spring as possible, otherwise, if the orchard is not plow- ed until late, most of the advantages of cultivation are lost. Modifications of the above rens ist of leaving a strip of sod about four feet in width next to the trees.• In old orchards where it is difficult to get close -to tate trees this may be practiced successfully, in which ease the grass is cut once or twice during the season and allowed to remain as a mulch. In both these instances, on the cul- tivated portion a mulch is maintained until about July first, when a cover crop of some sort should be sowed. If the seed is not too expensive, some leguminous crop like red clover or crimson 'clover at the rate of about 12 pounds per acre for the former and 10 pounds for the latter, or summer vetch at the rate of 50 pounds per acre is advisable, as these will add a considerable quantity of plant food to the soil. If too costly, rape may be used a* a cover crop, at the rate of 30 pound* per acre. The Sod Mulch System, if properly handled, may be advisable on moist soils where there is abundance of plant food. This system must not be confused -with the sod system, which is not to be recommended. In the former, for the first few years, grass or old straw is hauled on the oreh- and and placed around the trees to form a mulch. This practice is con- tinued until the cuttings from the sod beneath the trees is sufficient themselves to form a heavy. mulch. Buy Thrift Stamps. • If the teeth have been coming in at a normal rate, the baby should have „eight teeth at ten months of age and the really healthy baby has -not been cross, because he had has plenty of cool water to drink. If the teeth have come ,in very slowly, I take it for a sign that. the baby's stomach very very sensible, if you will work with slowly is getting ready for more food; her instead of against her. When and more caution is necessary in in- baby is put to the breast less and less creasing the baby's food as to variety, often, she will take more and more If all has gone well, one more meal time to make up the baby's milk sup may be-s.changed from nursing to ply,until at last thIe breast milk ts- spoon _feeding.' If it is now. summer, es to comea at all : It is so muelt.es ealer be a for both mother and baby to change then this feeding had better ince made of good prunes, that have. to the new foods gradually and take - until soft and then put never. more than one new food in one beep cooked through a colander. Cut slices of week'• bread thin, roast them ,in the oven You may find it hard to keep the till they are a light 'brownand soften over -wise ' people from interfering the bread with'the' rune sauce. This with the baby's diet. "Oh, gwe�her should be one meal. .Ill winter, clear a taste of.that cake, it span h ti�rb her!" o broth with the toasted bread may beone will say. f` Why T gave my used and the broth may be made with babies potatoes long before they were fresh bees', veal, mutton or chicken. as old as your baby," your sister or When the third inezlis changed mother, inay tell you. I- know one $ ng into mother to whom I had given special e-' spoon feeding, give wheat cereal that instructions as to 'diet and she had has been boiled one- hour, or oatmeal promised to let me decide the rate at for four hours. that has been boiled''. i which new foods should be iv en. This is to :be served with whole milk, t; When the threghers were at the house, 1'Ihen the fourth meal Aof the day the kind nes . hbors who were hel in' f 1?g is dropped off,' let this be the 'night her, fed the baby when the mother •_ nursing, because if the mother is tired; was busy, in s ile of the . mother's 5, lx, she is giving tired milk and tired n;lk; orders again st it; and their ,us , eix exc e means a -baby tluat is restless at iighi., "it' ... any" 3 e was .wait t .mixt.: her .She Blotter make the night feedingone of was restless 411 night and siclr the oatmealgruel and mill., or the plain next day,bulb the kind nei bons -did ah ni Il4 riot foot the dioctoris hill nor diel they Last of all, drop the morning nuns, ` help her with the extra. work. Welfare of the Home _ Baby's Second Surnmer. By IDA M. ALEXANDER, M.D. ing, and the baby, interested in many things in the morning, will not miss ,that morning feeding very much; the mother having gradually cut off one feeding and then the other will not have such hard work to "dry up her milk," as she calls it. Nature is