The Exeter Advocate, 1918-8-15, Page 3• BY Agronomist, -
This Department is for the use of our farrn readers who want the advice
at tin expert on any question regarding'soil, seed, crops, etc, If yours question
4 of sufficient general interest, jt wU l be answered through thicolmn. if
*tamped and addressed envelope is enclosed with your letter, a complete
answer will bo mailed to you. Address Agronomist, care of Wilson Publishing.
Co., Ltd., 73 Adelaide $t. V'.,' Toronto.
Save the Soil. turns. And when zi man has on
Never before in the history of drifted away from live stock it is a
Canadian agriculture has there been the more difficult for him to take u
any such a tendency toward the de- the work where he left off,
pletion of soil fertility. Thousands Another question arises What
of farmers in our richest agricultural goingto be the result
regions who wereges It of the prose
at one time'growers generation of farmers drifting awa
of good cattle, sheep and hogs are be- from live stock farmingon thefutur
coming soil robbers. The hi generations ? f i
high price of farmers? The di
of grain is tempting thein to sell in- ficulty of teaching the corning gene
stead of feed out the crops. One ation how to care for live stock
May build up his bank account .by sure to hold back the development o
that process for a few years, only to the industry for many years. There
find that he has really been selling'fore, grain must be grown until th
his farm by the wagon -load. Every farmer is affected by reduced fertilit
consideration present and prospective, and consequent declining yields. The
points to the importance, of maintain when the tde does turn, as it even
ing and.increasi.ng the fertility of the tually must\urn, there is going to b
land; and this is just the reason why a Mighty problem of restoring th
every farmer in. Canada whose land wasted fertility and a mighty hunge
Will support live stock': ought to find .for knowledge of live stock feedin
some way of utilizing' good animals in and -soil management,
his system of farming. The farms '> One thing is certain, that unles
on which some sort of live stock may � there is. a 'complete change in ou
not profitably be maintained are fe'w ! methods' of farming, grain will neve
and far between, ,I be as cheap as it has been in forme
The high price of grain has not years. There are too many de
continued long enough to enable any-! mands for' it besides feeding it to live
one to - s (stock. In fact, there
measure its furl effects, norare only two
have we any means of ffectminin i ways of increasing grain production;
Whether the conditions -which 'are hold -!ono by increasing soil fertility; the
ing the price of grains to their present other by better methods of culture.
pro -
level will continue long enough for the Both of which- are educational ful1 effects to'be realized. One ef�- tosses andn raising
slow.
fest, however, is plain, that it is Live stock xaising is the best in-
checking the movement toward crop I surance against an improverished
rotation, stock -feeding and maintain agriculture. Those who.ha�ce.studied.
ing the fertility of the soil. Should the problem know that this is true.
this continue for years to come, we I Do not butteim youryour acreagem of grain
fear that this terrific _waste of fertil-
crops, improve your methods.
ity that is going on will not only con -
the
fewer acres and more bushels to
tinue but actually increase, the acre. Do not keep too much
live stock but use. better filood and
It is going to take a number of give them better care. Do not break
years to measure the effect of this ! up good pastures and put them in
drifting away from _live stock ori the ! grain because they offer a profitable
- land. It has been with the utmost I rotation of crops. and become a soil
difficulty, even when grain was � robber and a price chaser. The scales
bringing moderate prices, that'farm- I are sure to turn in favor of the` live
ers could be persuaded to change from 1 stock grower, and as live stock can -
growing graip for the market to stock not be increased- rapidly there is' sure
farming. Nor is this to be wonder to be sone good years ahead. It is,
ed at; for the growing of cattle, sheep l claimed that hogs
and hogs is an entirel different type are an exception to
Y this rule, that they can be increased
of farming. It is an easy matter very rapidly, but, even with hogs,
to develop a profitable system of when the supply of breeding stock.
grain farming on productive land, but becomes reduced it requires two or'
it requires exceedingly good judgment three years for production to get back
to make live stock yield; maximum re- on a normal footing.
ce.
11
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"I would like to know how to do
good farming without sheep," says
Mrs. George McKerrow, of Wiscon-
sin, one of the' best and most widely
known sheep breeders • of American.
"Why?" he continued. • "Because my
sheep use up the wastes of the farm.
They clean up the•grass, weeds, brush
and gleanings, and in so `doing turn
into cash what otherwise would be
lost."
"Sheep," ho says, "make tho most
economical gains of any kind of live
stock because they c'ean up the odds
and ends. They are particularly
useful on the farm in the fall of the
year,. for they turn into mutton the
things' that otherwise would not be
used. At the same time they save
the feed stuffs that. would be given
them if they did not have access to
these other things." '
After harvest, Mr.'McKerrow's
sheep are turned into the oat fields
for a few hours the first day; an hour
ar two longer the second day;,and the
time gradually increased until at the'
end of a week they have' complete
possession of the fields. The lambs
are permitted to enter the cora before
it is cut and they clean up on the
weeds and lower corn plant leaves.
Lambs do not pull down the lower
ears of corn as do the sheep. Roots
axe grown for r
f the cattle e and sheep '
el on
Mr, McKerrow's place, and after the
larger roots are hauled into `storage
for winter use, „the sheep are turned
into the field and eat the smaller ones
.that remain. Both the sheep and lambs'
are. turned into 'the aftermath
Partners who' shiptheir "wool
direct to us get etter 'prieen
theta ffarinere who ®e11 to the
general store. •
ASK ANY FARMgRi
who has sole hip
wool e
way* and note 'what he eaye..•"'
or, better still, write
its for feu;
prlcen; they will show you how '
much you lose by selling to the
General Store.
We pa, the highest rices o y
in the couutry andmr la rice Sag
dealers in Canada.,ot Pane tst4"obl
milted thesams pnya'ereesa "rop
ShipuF1 our woo ay woolimrgcy11jb-
yy�
more than pleasedifyoiOe Nndtttbt
aseurccl of a aquare, deal fr•ofat iw.
of the meadows and this brings th
into winter quarters in good con
tion.
Another profitable practice on th
farm is that -of plowing up dfie'lds th
become weedy after harvest. The
fields are sown to rape and turnip
and later the sheep are turned i
They eat the rape and turnip tops
with relish and will later hollow the
meat from the . turnip, leaving , but a
shell.
Mr. McKerrow has found that
frequent change of pasture Is bene
ficial to the sheep. A thirty-six-inc
woven wire fence in twenty-ro
lengths Is moved about, thus prevent
ing the too short ,cropping of th
grass;' and furthermore' reducing th
internal parasite 'plague to a mini
mum. - Water is also an importan
consideration, and ewes particularl
should have water the,me 'as dair
cows. W
"I would not go - so far. as to say
that -there should be some sheep on
every farm," declares Mr. McKerrow,
"for peculiar' conditions might not
make it practical, but I do believe that
there should be sheep on the vast ma-
jority of farms in' this country. They
turn- waste into cash. The sort of
saving that the good housewife Is
making in her kitchen can be practic-
ed with corresponding effectiveness
by the use of sheep on the farm.
dr
Grass clippings are an excellent
green feed for chickens. The back
yard poultry fiock of a family often
lacks sufficient green feed with a
consequent reduction of egg and meat
production. With the ea.3'y avail-
ability' of lawn clippings the poultry
man can always have green feed
through the summer for his chickens.
The frock can be fed daily as much of
the green clippings as they will oat.
If any continued bowel trouble shows,
tate amount should be reduced. The
remainder
of th
clippings
e
can
be al-
lowed.
lowed to dry.and fed moistened dur-
ing ethe time between lawn cuttings.
,a�ntotrnts in 'excess can be dried for
wish® use. Dried grass clippings
a g° ood , green food for winter.
To' n be dried and stored in seeks.
ks.
he a {lied clippings, moistened and
eta t' flock, t o `f o are a Veryfair iii sub-
stitu
succulent Or the ccullent bison feeds
of ei rdmer.
Pay More and Eat Less.
"One could eat two meals in succ'es-
sii;On cry easily in London,and leave
tilp ta�r'le slightly Minus the serfs-sat-
isiiO4li to be got by unrestricted
fay American Cafe, writes
. :Bolton, a newspaper cor-
" rI addition one has to
� j13 It ! wage lots a areal
ted States or
the
....rutsjuy..,roLD191?
C4�"f',QuT ARIL) FO dig tiOTthi LlM
COLD, FOiV!/,fib--.-_-.:-.�-',
I'LL GO AND r?
EO QW
n• MOTHER'S MUFF,
11- tNI1 THE FUR t5 JUST THE STUff
re MAKE A TALI DRUM MAJOR) HAT
WE HAVE NO URUN -BUT WHAT OF 111AI.
To - Blast Big Stumps.
About the first work I did with
dynamite was to tackle a big field' of
stumps. For tthis I used a 40 per
cent., grade. which is about the proper
thing to use for stump -blasting on
ordinary soils. I find that on low,
boggy ground, where the stumps are
very large; and tough, it is more
economical to use a higher grade of
dynamite, such" as 50 or GO per cent.,
placing it under the stump and firing
electrically by a blasting machine.
Al'1 very large tough stumps over
three feet in diameter, such as: oaks,
hickory, and elm, should be. blasted.
only by this method.
The - distributed charges will then
all go off together, and the combined
effect of the 'several charges so dis-
tributed will give a much better blast
than putting the entire charge in one
hole' bored directly under the stump.
A few months ago a neighbor of
mine excavated a ditch through a low
bottom field of his which was very
much subjected to overflow. In the
digging of this ditch he encountered
several large willow stumps - which
were at Ieast oneghundred years old
but still in a pretty sound state, of
preservation. Knowing that I was
accustomed to using .dynamite lie
,called upon me ' to. blast out 'these
di_ stumps standing in water, for it was
too wet and boggy to get them other -
is wise:
at I find that blasting for tree -plant -
se ing, either for fruit 'or shade trees,
s is one of the most profitable ways of
n' C using dynamite.—R. W.
Getting Even
"Yes," remarked a conceited young
a bachelor, "I` have the greatest admir-
ation for the fair sex, but I never ex -
h' pest to marry—oh, dear no!"
di "Indeed!" remarked a lady. "Then
I am to understand that you not only
e admire women, but you have a sin-
e cere regard for them as well,"
y
y
H. V, AWbRE WS
13 s :!-itiRCII ST., TOM:Mt()
a
" One of the most important th
i
in the opert,tion of a dairy is
cleaning of the daily utensils, '1
must be cleaned and. rinsed t
ougltly imanediately after being u
this will prevent the'water in
milk fromevaporating and the'"
matter sticking fast to the uten
If it is found impossible to wash.
utensils at once, it will be a g
plan to rinse them in lukewarm
ter so that the greater 'part of
milk will be removed before' it
had a chance to stick fast to the
or cow. Hot water should ne
be used until the milky substan
have been removed with the lukew
water first, as the hot water' will
coagulate the casein in the' milk
t o nge
ller )reference as bee
F
,hey spring settixi of strawberry plant
hor- over fall set: I could never sed who
sees;
was to be gained by fall setting a
the dlnarily practiced. Late Augus
solid and early; September is the' seaso
nils. usually ernployeci for this, To 'h
tie sure, when weather and soil condi
ood tions are' favorable, and good plant
v a_ set, quite a fair growth .will be mad
the both in root am crown, 'growth suf
has ficient to mature a fair crop of ber
pail -ries if allowed to fruit, But if` per
ver witted to fruit the. first season an in
ces ferior stand of young plants mus
arm necessarily result. The _cultural con
ditIons required, in each instance are
altogether incompatible. The object
or purpose, sought in each case is
h ll
w o y unlike.
Then, too, I figured that spring set
plants make all the growth necessary
under proper conditions of" soil and
culture, hence, what was the use of
ot endeavoring to establish the new
plantation at.a season when favorable
weather •"conditions were so much
more problematical. Another thing,
the labor of .creating a fine mellow
he root pasturage with plants occupy -
Ps lig the ground, would be greatly aug-
a mented. Indeed, 'I figured that to
ot.
or;
ot
ail
onl
at f
us
n_I
ly
of
d'
FALL SETTING OF STA ' , RRI mm m
etorore ou refe h aha
n about five inches, when the greu,td
s was plowed and floated down with, a
t plank drag, Other showers follow-
s = ed in 'a•week .or so of sufficient mag
t nitude to moisten the surface so that
n a fairly good soil plant bed was;
e secured A shower came just as the
work of setting was begun; just els-
e ougb to crust the surface when the
e weeder was used to re-establis'h the
- loose surface.. ,7This loose surface
- soon dried out so that it bothered
- some in setting, for additional work
- was made necessary that none of this
t dry soil gat next to the roots. Then,
too, the job was more'or less tin pleas -
lent as, a fresh breeze blew the dry
Particles into our faces.
,rust how the experiment will turn
out, future developments only can re-
veal. Only light showers have fall-
, since the setting was finished. To
1prevent crusting and consequent loss
of soil moisture, the weeder has been
used to re-create a loose surface. Be-
cause of the deficient rainfall it may
be necessary to reset quite a number-
of
umberof plants. This will be dobe as soon
as it becomes clear that the plants
first set are not starting out vigor-
ously.
Of course, it is not expected that
plants set this late in the season will
make much growth in the short time
before freezing weather sets in. This
i,; not expected. Neither is it neces-
sary to the success of the plan. All
that is required is that the plants get
their root system established and be
ready to do business next spring.
It will be imperatively .necessary to
supply winter protection to these fall
set plants. They wouldn't be worth
shucks if not fully protected from the
injurious results of exposure to ,win-
ter's frost and sunshine, and the .heav-
ing action upon . the soil of "Sugar
Weather." One of my helpers said,
when I cautioned him against getting
the plants too deep: "But just wait
till the frost gets in its work." Our
reply was to the effect that it would
never do to let frost get in its work. _
The plants must be fully protected
against such harmful agencies.
Whatever may be the outcome it is
certain that one feature of advantage
will be a success; we will have a start
of a week with our spring work. Es-
tablishing the new strawberry bed -
n spring, coming as it does right
long with so much other similar
work, adds largely to the strenuous
ife of the season. If this job can
e transferred from this busy- time to
season more convenient,, a very de-
cided advantage will be gained.
After all due care and protection,
pring growth may show up plants
ot startira�g out with full vigor. These
may easily be replaced with plants
ram -the . propagating bed and a full
tend made secure —M N Ed t n
SO
that it eticles to the pail and will
therefore require a great amount of
washing before it can all be. -remov-
ed from the vessel.
After thoroughly rinsing the uten-
sils in the lukewarm water, they
should be thoroughly washed in h
water, using some good brana of
alkali washing powder. There are
many good' washing powders to be
found on the market that will answer
the purpose and make this part of t
dairy work easier each , day. Soa
or powders that contain grease as
part of their composition will n
make a satisfactory bread of soap
.powder to use in this work and n
nearly as good, as a genuine alk
powder.
It ,is e good plan also to have
hand several good stiff brushes th
are adaptable to cleaning the. aerie
utensils used daily. If steam is 1
stalled it can be.used very effective
In sterilizing the utensils, but
course this is not always installe
and it is necessary therefore, to fol
low out the rinsing and washing pro -I
cess, as I have described. Never
wipe the utensils after washing them
in the hot water. . The heat impart-
ed-by
mpart
ed .-by the steam or hot water will
make the utensils dry very quickly.
They should be placed upside down on
the racks so no dust or dirt will get
on the inside of them. This is just
as important as the cleaning process.
Never put• covers or lids on the cans
or pails; but give them free access
to air and sunlight at all times. This
keeps them bright, clean and sanitary.
Camera Used to Candle Eggs.
Bad eggs are unfailingly detected
by the camera. This has been dem-
onstrated in- France, where experi-
ments are being conducted with a
photographic egg -testing apparatus
says Popular ..Mechanics Magazine
The idea of utilizing the camera in-
stead
n stead of the human eye for candling
is a new one. ' So far it has not been
carried past the laboratory stage, but
its commercial utilization at present,
it is of more than passing interest.
Eggs are,held in a half dozen oval
holes provided in a metal plate. Their
Iarge ends point toward a common
centre. While intense light is passed
through them, they are photographed.
A powerful lens is used and an ex-
posure ranging upward to three minu-
tes is made. The result is a picture
that shows the size of the air chamb-
ers in the eggs.
place a piece of ground in as excellent
a condition as is possible when larger,
deeper working tools may be used, is
practically out of the question; hence,.
sizing the matter' up in the light of
the experience I then had, I decided
that the fall setting of strawberry
plants had nothing to offer us.
But for some time back I have been
looking at the proposition in the light
of greater experience and can now see
how, if fall setting can be made suc-
cessful, the plan offers one very decid-
ed
advantage to us, viz,, the setting of i
the plants will come 'at -a season when
other work is far less pressing. With
a large amount of work of this sort
to be done in the spring some of it '
must necessarily be neglected; ,hence,
any pian or system that promises to;
relieve the pressure of, work at this
time is worth a fair trial. As time
passed the attractiveness of the plan
increased until I decided to try the
plan- out. So this fall an acre of
new bed has been set as an experi-
ment. Conditions of soli and weath-
er were not ideal. If file plan is a
success this time, it will be possible i
to make late fall setting' successful a
under average fall weather conditions,
so it seems tome: 1
To begin with, the ground used was b
a
n
remained almost dust dry. Then a f
shower came to moisten the soil down s
in peas this summer. As the rain-
' fall has been deficient' since pea her -
vest the ground was not moisture -
saturated as may be secured under
ordinary spring conditions. For se-vseral weeks after pea harvest the soil
A Patriotic Urge
Colonel Grimbattle—Why so gay?
You were in deep mourning the last
time I saw you.
The Widow Lookabout—I was. But
since the soldiers began to rendezvous
here I've been called to the colors.
GOOD HEALTH QUESTION BOX
By Andrew
Dr. Currier will answer all signe
question is of general interest it wi
•if not, it will be answered personall
closed. Dr. Currier will not prescribe
Address Dr, Andrew F. Currier, care
St. West, Toronto.
F. Currrer, M.D.
d letters pretaining to Health. If your
11 be answered through these columns;
y if stamped, addressed envelope is en -
for individual casea or make diagnosis,
of Wilson Publishing Co., 73 Adelaide
the material causing them is used up,
and then die out.
This is so for instance, with some
of the nervous diseases of childhood
and early life, St. Vitus' dance and
others.
Medicines nes are: sometimes given in
this disease and sometimes seem help-
ful, though I would not recommend
the patent medicines advertised to
cure it. 'If a child with this dis-
ease has good food, plenty of sleep,
sunlight and outdoor exercise, is clean
in his habits, and is kept free front
'bxcitement, he will get well in. nine
cases out of ten without a drop of
medicine.
Epilepsy may disappear after a few
years with good hygienic care, though
I am aware that frequently it does
not.
It is so benefited by careful reg-
ulation of the diet' and habits, and I
am free to say there are some power-
ful medicines now used for 11 which
are apparently of great value.
It may be too early to say wheth-
er they will cure it permanently or
not, they are not likely to cure those
cases in which the cause of the dis-
ease remains, for instance pressure
upon the brain by a depressed por-
tion of the skull.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWEIIS
E. P.—Two years ago, my husband,
Remedies for Nervous Diseases.
In no class of diseases are medi-
cines more hopeless and useless, so
far as cure is concerned, than in those
which involve the brain . and spinal
cord and the nerves proceeding from
them.
I don't mean that medicines are
powerless to relieve some of their
symptoms, but I do not know of any
that will cure 'them, when once well
established, any more than they can
cure cancer.
Neither do I include in this sweep-
ing statement the milder forms of
neuralgia; which are often •.relieved
and cured for the time at any rate, by'
external or internal remedies.
In a great many cases it is a waste
of good money to buymedicines, and
to expect thele to cure :.disease will
almost surely be disappointing.
Three medicines and perhaps four
the world could not well do without, I
opium to. relieve pain, quinine to cure
Malarial poisoning, mercury to cure
syphilis, and salicylic acid to euro
rheumatism.
We could manage to get along if
most of t'he others were clumped into
the, sea.
More • than thirty thousand different
proprietary medicines are made In
North Aniericn; who would be foolish
enough to imagine that they would do
what they - are advertised to do for
those whb bay and take thein.
If the iotiey spent for them were
used to haying good simple food, how
much ; butter ,everybody would be, ex-
cept, of course, the patent medicine
makers,
1Sorno nervous diseases are self-
limited,- they bm'u like a. dandle until
who is forty -jive years old, began to
have epileptic fits,` and nova' he has at
least two every week, Wo have not
yet been able to find any help for
him.; h
,A,nswor—If you will send a stamp-
ed and addressed envelope, I will be
very glad to Send you an article , on
Epilepsy, which you may read.
as
Popularity.
It is possible for a person to be
undeservedly popular. His popular-
ity may not be due to good qualities,
but to wealth • or other advantages.
Many people honor a person for sel-
fish reasons. They think it pays
them tohave his good, will.
A humble person may after all
have as many real friends as an
honored one. The friends of the
former are generally true, being
friendly because of admiration for
him and not because they are seek-
ing worldly favor. He knows who
his truo friends are, but 'the other
doesn't. When an apparently popu-
lar man fails in a financial or any
other way which reduces him to a
humble position he soon finds who his
true friends are.
Unless he is a very bad -character,
one with only a few friends is ten-
eraily a man of better principle than
is one with only a few enemies. The
former usually doesn't seek popu-
larity, but the Iater generally does.
It is easy for anybody to become
-popular if he has the advantages.
When a person has only a few ene-
mies they generally have good rea-
sons for being such. It is found that
many a popular man will be very
generous in his dealings with people wants he
v
s forfriends rlends bu
tun
unmerciful
when dealing with those whose friend-
ship - he doesn't desire. One per-
son may truthfully say of another
that he may have acted good with
nearly everybody else but that he act
ed meanly with him,
Individual Churns.
The cr"eam-gathering-truck stopped
the weekly ar daily churning for us,'.
and the idea of table • butter became
a question. The creamery had that
fixed before they 'asked ds for our
crm.
Theao nice -looking, high-class cream.
cry butter wrapped in tissue paper
and packed in ice, right to our door,
every time they came for our cream,
was their answer.
We tried it. Fresh and clean as it
was, it did not fill the want for good
country butter.
It is out of the question to make a
churning each week with the big
churn, and pack it down until used.
We have a gallonand a half glass
churnewhich we bought at our hard-
ware' store for a small amount two
years ago, long enough ago to know
that our investment 'is a success and
that it is the real way for the farm-
er to
arm-er'to have butter upon his table.
This sterilized glass churn is cap,.
able of marring clean butter, and it is
operated easily. -G. W B;,
Corks if, steeped in paraffin oil for
a few hours will make excellent fire -
1 lighters,
"Country of Mine."
Country of mine, that gave me birth,
Land of the maple and the pine,
What richer gift has this round earth
Than these fair, fruitful fields of
thine?
Like sheets of gold thy harvests run,
Glowing beneath the August sun;
Thy white peaks soar,
Thy cataracts roar,
Thy forests stretch from shore to
• shore;
Untamed, thy northern prairies lie
Under an open, boundless sky;
Yet one thing more our hearts Im-
plore— -
That greatness may not pass thee by!
Helena Coleman,
The Farmer's Office.
Farmers are not slow,, in recogniz-
ing the value of an .article or method
for the improvement of their business,
so they are buying typewriters and
other office conveniences, and they're
using 'em, too.
The typewriter isespecially useful,
as it writes letters in a standard way
that indelibly stamps the sender as a
business man. For the sake of the
letter alone the typewriter is well
worth owning; but it has other uses
which help prove its value. Carbon
copies of all letters written can easily
and conveniently be made by inserting
a sheet of carbon paper and a "second
sheet" under each letter written. Cart
bon copies are accepted as evidence
in the courts. Card index records
can be printed by the typewriter; also
bilis, loose-leaf records,~ etc.
The first cost may be`"a bugbear to
many. This is a needless fear, as a
good rebuilt typewriter can be pur-
chased for about $25 or $30.
The repair expense is usually very
slight if the typewriter is oiled occa-
sionally and used with reasonabble
care. It will be necessary to pur-
chase a new ribbon once or twice a
year, r, depending on the amount of
writing done; but this is a very small
iteen of expense.
To Conserve Fish Waste.
The Canada Food Boatel has been;
advised by Messrs. 'Ernest Smott &
Company, engineers, 1+'all River, Mass,, . .
that they are prepared to install
equipment in Canada for the reduc-
tion of fish and fish waste to fish meal, .
fertilizer, oil and glycerine. Consid-
erable research, has been conducted
along this line by private parties and
various branches of the Government;
in Canada, but great quantities pfihe,
material are still being wasted,
"An easy job will sunt me," ''How‘j
about winding the clocks every week ?HI
"l might make that do. But what'd,
the matter with tearing the ise,volii
off the caloaatlalis ev+rry rnotstb:ar'
`
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