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The Exeter Advocate, 1918-5-23, Page 2By Agronomist. This Department is for the use, of our farm readers who want the addle® of an expert on any question regarding soil, seed, crops, etc. IP your questlolt J/43 of sufficient general interest, it will be answered through this column. ' stamped and adressed envelope is enclosed with your letter, a complete lBinSWer will be mailed to you. Address Agronomist,care of Wilson. Publishing Co„ Ltd., 73 Adelaide 5t, w., "Toronto.. The Manurial Value of Clover. have shown that a vigorous crop of The amount ofsemi-decomposed clover will contain, .ta-moderate esti- vegetable matter or humus present in mate, in its foliage and roots, from our cultivated soils, sandy and clay 100 to 150 pounds nitrogen, 30 bo 45 looms, bears an intimate relation to pounds phosphoric acid and 85 to 115 their productive capacity, pounds potash per acre. Humus not only fullfIlls the 'median- A good crop of clover from one acre i441 function of rendering soils porous and more retentive of moisture, but furnishes also the essential medium for the activities of the bacteria which liberates plant food in the soil. Fur- thermore, humus constitutes the chief natural source of the soil's nitrogen supply. Applications of barnyard manure Reay be considered the chief means em- ployed in the maintenance of humus in the soil. Supplementary means are the growing and ploughing in of a green cover -crop such as rye, buck- wheat, rape, vetches or clover, - Of these, clover—where conditions are conducive to its satisfactory growth— is to be generally preferred. By means of: its deeply ramifying roots, clover disintegrates and aerates the lower soil layers and brings up therefrom plant food supplies unattainable by other more shallow rooted crops. An edditioual advantage which clo- ver, in common with all members of the legume family, possesses is that of its ability to assimilate the free nitro- gen of the soil atmosphere by means of minute bacterial organisms living and operating in small nodules on its roots. Thus clover gathers the great- eral,years. er part of its nitrogen from the air, On soils which are deficient in lime and rbs phosphoric acid, potash and a satisfactory growth of clover will be lime largely from soil depths beyond encouraged by an application of, say, the reach of the roots of ordinary two tons of ground limestone per acra crops, consequently enriching the sur- As a phosphatic fertilizer, designed to face soil with these constituents for benefit both the grain and the clover the benefit of succeeding crops, 300 pounds of superphosphate or 500 How does clover compare with ma- pounds of basic slag, per acre, may be nure as a fertilizer? Barnyard ma- recommended. nure of good average quality contains Unleached •wood ashes contain, on approximately 10 pounds nitrogen, 5 an average, from 4 to 6 per cent. of pounds phosphoric acid. and 10 pounds potash, about 2 per cent: of phos- potash per ton. Therefore 10 tons phoric acid and from 20' to 80 per of barnyard manure would furnish cent. of lime: They are eminently about 100 pounds nitrogen, 50 pounds suitable as a fertilizer for clover and, p5hosphoric acid and 100 pounds pat- when procurable`at a reasonable price, ash. should be applied at the rate of from Experiments conducted at "the 25 to 40 bushels (1000 to 1600 pounds) Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, per acre. if it were turned under may, there- fore, be deemed .equal, in fertilizing value, to an application of ten tons of barnyard manure. In the experiments referred to, 10 pounds per acre of common red clover was seeded down with various grain crops, while adjoining plots were seed- ed with grain alone. In no instance did the growth of clover depress the yield of grain with which it was seed- ed. In the following year, fodder corn (Learning) produced 8 tons, 480 pounds more after wheat with clover than after wheat wibhout clover. After barley and oats, increases of 11 tons, 1280 pounds and 5 tons, 1440 pounds. respectively, of corn, per acre, were obtained •on the clover plots. With potatoes the results were equally striking. After wheat, bar- ley and oats with clover the increases were, respectively, 48 bushels, ,20 pounds; 29 bushels 40 pounds and 24 bushels of potatoes, per acre, as com- pared with the yields from adjoining plots without clover. The full benefits from clover will as a rule be noticeably persistent for sev- INTERNATIONAL LESSON MAY 26. Lesson VIU.esus Silences His Ad- versaries—Mark 12. 1-44. Golden Text, Mark 12. 17 Verse 28. Questioning together— The picture is that of the teacher sur- rounded by a crowd, in the temple pre- cincts, the utmost freedom of question. and answer being observed, and the whole colloquy giving scope to an in- terplay of wit, as now one now an- other member of the audience puts, in a word of inquiry and the teacher, ap- proving the question or exposing the fallacy, presses home the truth to the discomfiture of the caviller. Know- ing that he had answered them well— This 'scribe appearsto have been an onlooker, who, noting the sincerity and correctness of Jesus' replies, now puts fe®rth a question, not in the spirit of criticism, but wishing for a re- sponseto a vital query in Jewish minds 29. Jesus answered, The first is, Hear, 0 Israel; The Lord our God, the Lord is one—Jesus responds at once with what every Jew repeated daily, the sentences used at the beginning of morning and evening prayer in the temple, called by the Jews the °°`Sheena," from the first Hebrew word. in the sentence. The oneness of God as over against polytheism. 30. Thou shalt lave the Lord thy! God—This is the first duty of man toward God and here is at the same time a revelation of the nature of God, for it is only one who loves who de - meads love since love in him is su- preme he demands love as the supreme duty. Heathen deities were not gods to love. With alI•thy heart . Doul. mind . strength —There can be no divided allegiance. Here ` is shownin a strong way that all our powers are to go forth in love to God, 31. The second . . Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself—This second stands with the first as com- leting the idea of righteousness. one 'other greater than these—For the reason that it exhausts the rela- tionship of man. Religious duty, there- fore, looks two ways, Godward and manward. Neighbor, in the Jewish sense, included only his fellow Jew, but Jesus widens the meaning of neighbor to fellow man.: This wider definition of neighbor is given by Jesus in the parable of the "Good Samaritan" (Luke 10). As thyself The love of God includes in itself all other affections, but this love of the neighbor has over against it a love of self with which Jesus allows it to divide the man. 34. Thou art not for from the kingdom of God—He discerned per- fectly that love to God includes love to man and that no amount of ex- ternal ritual could atone for a posi- tive neglect of one's fellow man. No man durst ask him any question— This was not mere logical fencing on the part of Jesus, but it washis pro- found knowledge of the spiritual es- sence of the law over against their hard and unspiritual interpretation. 41. Sat down over against the treasury—The "treasury" consisted of a number of chest with flaring, trumpet -shaped, brazen mouths into which the people cast their contribu- tions as they passed into the temple. Nine of these chests were for the ap- pointed temple tribute and for the sacrifice tribute. Four chests were for free-will offerings, far wood, in- cense, temple decoration, and burnt offerings. And beheld how the multi- tude cast money into the treasury It' was capper coin which the people,. the masses, handled. Many that were rich cast in much—They cast in so much that a law had to be enacted, we . are told, forbiddirjg the gift to the temple of more than a certain propor- tion of ones possessions. It seems to have become the fashion to display this lavish contribution of money to the temple. 42. There came a poor widow --In her loneliness and poverty, lost in the thronging crowds, ;but^'not lost to the eye of the Master. Two :mites, ; which make a farthing—It would take about ten of these mites to make one Eng- lish penny. It was the smallest Jewish coin. No one was allowed to contribute towards alms so small al sum ryas a single mite, but this was not forbidden for other purposes. 43. Called unto him his disciples— He here teaches them the great.lessan in benevolent use of money. . Cast in more—In this case the poor giver was the princely giver. The giver not the gift, the measure of self-sacrifice, not the amount of the contribution, is rite standard of the MisterMester, • Why Orchards Must Be Sprayed "What's all this new -tangled taut about spraying?" says the oldest in- habitant, "When II was a boy—." That is the ditterre ,ce. • Grandfather - did not have to contend with the swarms ofpestiferous insects, that make or- eharding so clifticult for his grandson. Spraying was not necessary in those days because apple orchards wore more widely scattered and as z result insects were not so numerous. With the increase of of bards, inseeis be- came more numerous, not only lame multiplication but by itnpok'tation from infested territory and :tom for- eign' lands. For many year,insects we're permitted to multiply unham- pered and as a result they made- or- c1rarzling unprofitable. POULTRY, Eton and P1rAtel R$ hitghcat Prloea Paid arosnpt ttietu ^•-gp;, Commission, P. P0UrAX-8i CO. :ionoceours dtaraet • 0,,pti os, Spraying. Unlessracy laudsof berth useful and ornamental plants are protected from injurious insects and fungous diseases by spraying, the less 'iat frlait and vegetable crops may be very great, and, in the"case of ornamental. plants which would otherwise have at- tractive foliage and bloom., they may be rendered very unsightly, The spraying of fruit trees should. be begun jetzt after the buds have. broken in the spring and repeated at the times recommended in the spray calendars and pamphlets which are is- sued by both Federal and Provincial Governments and in which. is given in- formation .in regard to the treatment of the diff'erent kinds of insects and diseases most likely to cause damage. The apple scab causes, perhaps, more loss than any other plant dis- ease - in Canada, yet this 'can be con- trolled and clean fruit obtained by thorough spraying with either Bor- deaux mixture or lime sulphur. Oth- er diseases and insects can be kept well under control also by the spray which has been found best for each. Spraying is a rather expensive op- eration and it should be done in anin- telligent manner, otherwise it may be wasted money. For instance, if the spray to kill the codling moth, which affects the apple, is not applied with- in a very few days after the flowers fall, the sepals or lobes of the calyx will have closed over the opening or "calyx cup" in the end of the apple into which it is important to spray the poison. As it is in the "calyx cup" where most of the insects begin' work, they are not likely to be poisoned if spraying is delayed and the apples will be wormy. 'A spray mixture or solu- tion which will control one insect or disease may be of little or no use an controlling another. Arsenical poi- sons are the best fol biting insects, while soap or tobacco sprays are best for those which suck their food and which have to be killed by contact, and certain sprays intended: to kill insects will not control fungous diseases: Get the 'spray pamphlets and study then carefully before spraying, but spray and spray thoroughly! - Killing Potato Beetles. Spraying potato vines : for the pur- pose of killing Colorado beetles should be done as soon as the work of the insect is noticed. This destructive insect is not hard to control. One part of Paris green mixed with 20 to 20 parts of air -slaked lime'' or flour, and used as a dust spray, affords the best results on young plants. It should be used when the dew its on, by means of powder guns or dust -spray machines. The Paris green spray, prepared by mixing one pound of. Paris green with 75 to 125 gallons of water and add- ing`ene pound of quicklime to the mix- ture, makes an effective: spray. This spray will burn vines if the quicklime is omitted. For the proper mixing and applica- tion of this spray a bucket pump or knapsack sprayer, of good quality is sufficient for use in small gardens, but on a --large scale a potato sprayer drawn by horses through the rows of. plants is necessary. Arsenate of lead serves the same purpose as Paris green, one pound combined with 15 to 20 gallons of wa- ter being more' adhesive. It sticks mare firmly to' the leafage, and is much less likely to produce scorching than the Paris green spray. Cleaning up the vines and plowing potato land in the fall after the crop has been harvested 'will Laid in reduc- ing the number :of hibernating beetles. If there were , a dehydrating (evaporating) plant in every commun ity, thousands of bushels of potatoes, etc., might be saved that may other- wise go to waste this spring. As far as possible, the interior fix- tures of a poultry house, such as roasts, rigobs, dust boxes,.drinking: fountains, feed troughs and grit boxes, should be so constructed as to permit them to be readily reumoved and clean - n on the face of an alive, vigoi'ous man, is a very different razor~ test from the beard which grows at a desk or behind a counter. That's why three years' service in the trenches has done more than ten years' use in the cities to single out, for real stiff shaving, the a g� t af ty :. Rzor r The man who doesn't get time ` to shave ,every morning—whose beard grows thick, sun -cured and wiry—hes .the one who gets the most solid satisfaction out of his Gillette. Such an edge as it offers you—always ready without honing or stropping ! How easy it is to adjust it; -"with a turn of the screw handle, for a light or close shave, or a tough or tender skin ! How neatly it works round that awkward corner of the jaw ! And how good it feels as it slips through the stiffest beard you can put it up against ! There's certainly a treat waiting for you the day you buy a Gillette ! Why not make it soon ? Gillette Safety ' az r Co. f Canada, Limited Office and Factory :' ° 65-73 St. Alexander Street. 320 tae sso�' x s tivc�" • GOOD HEALTH QUESTION BOX By Andrew F. Currier, M.D. Dr. Currier .will answer ail signed question is of general interest it will if not, it will be answered personally closed. Dr. Currierwill not prescribe Address Dr. Andrew F. Currier, care St. West, Toronto. Pre -Natal Instruction of Mothers. We have only begun to consider the question of disease .:as the result of the terrible war in whichall the world is no%v engaged. We see how it has not only slaugh- tered millions of men, but has de- populated country after country. We can as yet scarcely realize the ghastly effect it has had upon com- munities where the civil population is worm and weakened with woe and anxiety, and where there is, and will continue to be, hunger, thirst and nak- edness. Is there any power in medicine or sanitation which will stay it? Will there be doctors and grave diggers enough to go around? The, mind reels at the prospect. The men who are being killed and invalid - COT OUT ANO FOLD QM DOTTED LINE$• "Ybor work's di sgraceful," teacher said, "Lou really' can't be bright." But Willie fold cd up the board And showed that he was right.. letters pertaining to,`Health. If yontr be answeredthrough these columns; if .stamped, addressed envelope is en - far individual cases or make diagnosis. of Wilson Publishing. Co., '73 ;Adelaide ed are the virile, the active, the repro- ducers. But suppose there was a chance for reproduction; the women are filled to the brim with hatred, bitterness, with suffering of every description—what is the chance far their unborn 'off- spring? What will be their inevitable in- heritance, physically and mentally? Only, recently has the importance of instructing ;expectant mothers in the hygiene of pregnancy been recognized as part of the duty of the Heatlth. De- partment. What duty could more positively be paramount? No;'obseevant farm- er needs to be told that his stock -will bear better offspring if they are well cared for when pregnant, than if they are neglected or abused. Why should there be a different re- sult when the pregnant femaleis a woman? From the moment a woman enters the pregnant state, she enters a new condition of being,, physiological, it is true, but as liable to mishaps and de- rangement as the performance of any other function -digestion' er assimila- tion, for instance. The mother, shares her blood current with her unborn child, and whatever it contains is contributed to the child's life. An unhealthy mabher in body, mind, or morals, cannot help impressing upon her child more or less of her p ecu liariti.es . Wherefore, disease , or - emotional shock, or strain, of any kind, is quick- ly communicated to her child, often with a fatal result.' ae pregnant woman should realize not only that she is carrying a child which is going to belong to her, hut also to the state and to the world; If she haul this feeling, she Will try very hard to bake proper care of her- self . Al her daily task she will spare her- self as much as possible for the sake of her child; she will eat food 'that can be readily digested so that hey child will have its proper share; she will try to get • plenty of sleep; she will try to avoid worry, and exposure to wet and cold; she will not give way to anger, fear and hatred; and she will often consider that she is the only protector her child can have while she is carrying him within her: body. If women would realize this sacred trust, how much more they would get from this most beautiful of alI physio- logical conditions, and they would bring into the world children who would not be handicapped by an ha heritance which would cripplethem more or less for life. Pitiable, indeed, is the lot of the war baby', with all that is included in the thought and how thankful Canadian. women, who are pregnant, should be that they have been spared many` of the ills which their less fortunate sir: ters, abroad, have had to bear! QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS J. B.—If you will semi stamped and addressed envelope full- particulars regarding eczema will be ,mailed to you. A Farmer's Son. -1. " The noise Which you hear is produced by the r 4 combined action of fluid and air in•the stomach. It often conies in con- nection with indigestion, and is not of very much significaraee, although it is annoying. 2.' If, when the trouble occurs, you would add one teaspoonful of peppermint water to half a glass of hat water, and drink this slowly, it would dispel the gas. T. B.—at is generally supposed styes are the result of infedtioe. If the bowels are kept freely open, and the eyelids are frequently moistened with y a solution of,: boric acid, it will relieve the trouble." X:R.—Is it possible to cure a fibroid tumor of the abdomen. by means: of X-rays 7 Answer -1 think I may say quite positively' that it is nota The only successful way of ,treating thein, as I have found in a long' surgical experi- once, is by removing them. Mrs. C. E. D,—Is rheumatism some - tunes referred to as "growing pains?" Answer—It is passible; but if that is the ease, it is incorrect. I doubt if there is any such thing as "grow- ing pains." Mike Money by Boarding Pets. A country boy or girl, if he or she loves to care for animals,' may com- bine profit and pleasure by keeping Bonne city ,child's pets durin the far- 4 iiyas summer vacation or wile away. on a trip. City people will pay wall for good care given tb prized pets during their absence. A Shetland pony, a canary, Angora cat or a fine blooded dog will prove a pleasant companion for the boy or girl en the farm, and regoiros little outlay for food. If the animals are le first-class con- dition when the owner comes to claini then, he will recommend, the keeper to his city :friends and In Ibis Way a good paying business can soot be worked up.