The Exeter Advocate, 1918-3-21, Page 3By Agronomist.
This Department 7s for the use of our'faern readers who want the adalce
of an expert on any question regarding soil, seed, ci,QpS, eto. If your question
IP of sufficient general` interest, It wtiI be a nswe'redthrough this column,If
stamped and addressed envelope la enclosed with your latter, a complete
•answer will be r» ailed to you,, Address Agronomist, care of. Wilson Publishing
Ltd., 73 Adelaide St, W. Toronto;
CULTIVATINGTHE GARDEN.
Nothing will take the 'place of cul-
tivation for growing crops. If you
cannotgive what is needed to your
garden,, better ,not expect good re-
sults, as you will not get them.
'alteio are three particular things
we aim to accomplish when we give
cultivation to growing crops, and by
t`cultivation"pis meant both that given
by hand and by tools or machinery.
q.'he effect' is the same; the difference
is merely the means used to accom-
pbsh it.
b'lr.st. The keeping down of weeds,
Which, if not kept in check, will crowd`
out and smother the growing crops,
and deprive them of needed moisture
and plant food. This is a serious
reason for cultivation. Your garden
cannot support, at one and the same
time, crops of vegetables and weeds.
Of course, you prefer the vegetables;
•hence the necessity of keeping out the
tiveeds.
When To Begin Hoeing`
Hoeing should begin as soon as the
crops are planted, if the rows or
drills Have been optlined. Or, if time
rows have been marked by quick-
growing plants, such as the radish or
lettuce, as soon as they appear. This
'is a ; great advantage in a 'dry spring.
season, as the soil moisture can be
conserved from the beginning.
'Deep hoeing is a mistake, except in
a very few rare cases, which need not
be considered here.
Hoeing is not as easily done as
would seem. Beginners as a rule take
too large , a "slice" or bite, with the
blade at one time: This merely
• chops the soil into largo clods, es-
pecially when --deep hoeing is _done.
The proper way is to give the hoe a
good slant, ,and, when hoeing ` for
Weds, just skim off•the surface:• Any
perennial weeds, such as the docks,
plantains, dandelion, etc., should be
dug out, root and all, and destroyed.
However, there are' exceptions to
the above,in the cases of those plants
'which are hilted up. -When working
with these we draw the soil up around
the plants, a little each time, rather
than all at once, as this enables one
to work the soil close to'the plants as
well as around „ them, while at the
sante time raising ' the soil around
them in time to -tie desired height..
Much of the discomfort of hoeing
is due to dull blades. A hoe should
be kept sharp as regularly as an axe—
..for the same reason—to snake it cut
well. When filing make the bevel
on' the outer side of the blade. A
clean blade also adds much to its
effectiveness and lessens thelabor-of
hoeing. The hoe should be. kept
polished so that it will come out of the
soil free from adhering particles.
Any tendency to rust cart -be prevent-
ed, or,cured>by the application of a
piece of soft brick and a little Snit -
chine oil to the effected places.
Value of Dust -Mulch
The second reason for cultivation,
so far ae the garden is concerned, is
to keep on the soil about and between
the plants what is known as a "dust -
mulch." A mulch is a covering put
on the ,soil for a' particular purpose.
We mulch about shrubs and herbace
sous plants h the•fall to protect them
over winter by keeping the frost from
the soil. In the same way, we Pre-
vent evaporation by covering' the
ground with a mulch of dust during
the hot, dry days of midsummer.
It does note require a heavy dust
mulch: to do the work perfectly. Hoe-
ing fpr this purpose 'should not be
done deeper than two inches—less, if
you are skilled with the.hoe, as it does
notrequire a deep mulch to cut off the
movementof the -moisture from the
bottom up.
Keep in mind thefact that the dust
mulch, once made, does not last for-
ever—or for the season; for that mat-
ter. Every time it rains it is spoil-
ed, and the capillary action of the soil.
'from top to bottom renewed, and for
this reason the soil should be worked
after all rains to break up the crust
which,- forms on all but very' light
sandy ones after every rain..
This soil•crust is one of the worst
things for a garden, and many other-
wise good ones are spoiled for the
-best results by Ignorance of this fact.
Keep it broken up all season. '
For the larger garden there. are the
hand -wheel tools, both for planting
and cultivating purposes. These will
take away a very large percentage of
the drudgery;of the garden if used
where the area is sufficient to war-
rant it. These combination tools can
be hadfora number of purposes:
Cultivating. After Rain
When using the wheel -hoe, set the
teeth so that the .cultivating will_: be
shallow—not over two inches deep.
and teach yourself to run close to the
plants without touching •them. This
will obviate much back -breaking work
in the following up - with `the hand -
weeder always needed after ` the
wheel -hoe -has gone over the ;garden,
to finish off the few weeds which 'can-
not be caught by the wheel -hoe.
It should be understood that while
cultivation is recqui•ed after every
hard rain, yet you must use judgment
not to do .this before- the soil is dry
enough to have it done without mak-
ing it harsh. A goon test is to take
a handful of' soil and squeeze it tight-
ly. If, when the hand is opened,
the mass of soil breaks apart or re -
oda, it is all right to be worked; but
if it stays in a tight mass, like putty,
let it alone until it gets in proper
condition.
One morning recently, I was over
to the next township on some busi-
ness. I went in to seea friend of
?mine, who has a large farm, I walk-
ed out to the barn where he was ejust
finishing his "chores.." I was sur-
prised to see the change that had tak-
en place in his tie-up::
-re, "Good morning," 1.sald to him, "this
is certainly a surprise! The last time
that I heard from you,'I understood
that you were going out of the dairy
business. Now; here, you have your
tie-up all made over; what does it
mean?" -
"Well, I've found out a thing or
two, since I saw you," he replied.
"Yes, I was pretty well discouraged
then. You remember I had been hav-
ing more or less trouble with the
creamery. They were `kicking' about
my; cream all the time; they said it
had. `off'- tastes- and would not keep.
I could not seem to tell what the mat-
ter was; I thought perhaps that
they were prejudiced. I was ,ready,
to sell my cows'.
"One morning as I was milking my
cows, a neighbor, who is a successful
dairyman, came in. We got to talk-
ing about tl mgs and he advised me
not to give up. `I think you cap
snake things all right,' he said. IIe
called my attention to the _condition
of my cows. They were all covered
behind, on thein flanks and tails, with
dirt and manure. Bven'their udders
were none too clean. But I did brush
those off' when I milked. But with.
the covai that way I was unable to
keep the. mills clean when I milked
pieces of dirt and dust would get into
the pailYou see, I got careless and
did not clean thein off' regularly, Nor
did• I give them much bedding and
they,, would lie down in the ,droppings
and get all dirty,,..
"You notice that 1' now have swing
stanchions hung on chains? It you
rexnembcr,; :t used to have them -.tied
with chains around their necks at-
trtched to a pole. With that arrange -
meat they had too much freedom so
that gave them a chance to get dirty.
But these stanchions give them en-
ough liberty and at the saliie time
keep them from getting too dirty. -
"I began to keep them cleaned ,off
and I was very careful not to allow
any dirt to get into the milk. You
see, I always supposed that the •sepa-
rotor took out all the impurities! I
know now after he explanted to nue,
that it might do - so with the Iarge.
particles but by Ietting the Iarge
pieces get in, there was more or less
of the dirt that got dissolved and went
through the separator into the cream.
I know of farmers ' that have that
same idea; they—think that the 'sepa-
rator can purify/the milk. That!, is
not so.
"Well, since I made these changes
in the tie-up, and also have been, care
ful to keep everything clean when.
milking and separating, i -have. had
no more complaints from the cream-
ery
e
A Careful Maid.
Her .grandfather ; gave' to 'Elizabeth
EIla . • b'
A perfectly eautiful silk umbrella.
It was rosy red, with a tassel so gay;
And ' I thought, " I will wait" till the
next rainy' day ,.
And see our dear little` Llizabeth • li lea
\'V ilk -proudly Ib with her new um
brel1a:'"" -
But what do you think? On the very
next -day, '
When' it x aine'� "cats and dogs" . (as
we heat people say), •
All c)renched and dripping, I niet 'my
daughter,,
Looking much :like a naiad just out of
the water.
"Where, whol'e,"J cried, "0 Eli'/,a-
both Ella, •
Is your perfectly beautiful new um;,
brella ?"
She gazed, at nie ni the greatest stur.
prise ,
And alook of reproach in her big
blue oyes.
„,`Now' do youonce think," suid shey:
"that I'd let;
That lovely umbrella ea mine eat
The :was' has cost Gemin iiiy n-
Isroximately 22 billion della/as to date.
BRUCE'S °A US "ROOT SEEDS
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and unequalled for feeding, easily' harvested, g lb, 3oe; j' 1b, 55c; lb.
$x.00; 5 lbs. $4,75 postpai4.,
euce's Mammoth White Carrot—A: halt longvariety,
heavy
cropper, splendid quality, easily harvested, grand keeper. ta lb. hoc;
,,,
f lb. az.aq; lb, $2,00postpaid,
k vice's Giant Yellow Mangefl--Au ,intermediate variety, heavy
cropper, good keeper; of splendid feeding quality and easily harvested.
i lb. 30c; 3 lb. 5Jcelb. $r.00;'S lbs. $4.75 postpaid.
IBs ttee'a Selected wed Tortilla—Arand purple , topvariety,
lenfeeding P
splendid for -the table and also for cattlee , A. grand keeper
and shipper- % Ib. 400, 'a" ib, 750; x lb, $1.40; 5 lbs. $6.75,
FREE: Our valuable rrz page catalogue of Seeds Plants Bulbs
Implements' and Poultry Supplies.,— ,._... Write for it to -day.'
L, f p� cm l HAMILTON, ONTARIO
®LA da Bruce �,�® �e Eatabliahod Si
� ate• EIQht Year*
]E require immediately One Million Five Hundred
V Thousand Muskrat Skins (1,500,000), and Fifty
Thousand Reaves' Skins (50,000).
We have notime to issue Price Lists. Don't ask for
aaiy. Ship us your Muskrats. We will pay die very highest
Market Prices. Past your own valuation on then ifyou
wish, but ship' to us. A "trial shipment will convince you
that we are the best buyers of Raw Furs in the World.
We have Stacks of Money.
We are tic Pikers.
We are in the Market for the Entire Canadian Catch.
We buy all kinds of Canadian Raw Furs.
The George Monteith Fur Co.
21 JARVIS STREET - TORONTO, ONTARIO
INTERNATIONAL` LESSON
MARCH/24.
Lesson XIL—Jesus !Ministers to the
, Multitude—Mark 6.• • 32-44,
Golden text;, Ml'Iatt. 20: 28.
Verse 32, . A. desert place -Tile
boat is their refuge, when the pressure
of the crewel becomes too great, and
'new, on some • distant part of the
shore, they seek quiet and relief. They
have opportunity for conference con-
cerning the ;results of their mission-
ary tour and also to pi anfor their
future work. Luke says they went
to Bethsaida, the city on the east side
of the lake, but he calls it, a "desert
place" (Luke 9. 10-12).
33. Saw them, going ran to-
gether there—seeing 'which way the
boat was heading, they ran around the
shore at the head of the lake, dross-
ing'the Jordan flows into the lake not
'far from'Bethsaida:
34. Came forth—When , he tlisem-`
barked from the boat. Saw a great
multitude—They would not be avoid-
ed or put off. They determined to
be •where he was. Two or three
miles in the dust -and heat around the
lake shore were nothing if they could
only be' with him. The purpose of
Jesus to secure quiet and rest was de-
feated, and now. at hand Was the ever-
pressing throng eager to. see and hear
and to be helped by him. Had com-
passion on "them—No word of impati—
ence or annoyance, but a feeling of
compassion. The word used indicates
,a • yearning toward them. Sheep -amt
having a shepherd—"The people who
do not know the law is accursed,"
said the Jewish leaders. The.masses
found no place in the thought of the
scribes; whocalled then! Am haarets,
people of the earth. The formal and
freezing Pharisees repelled the multi-
tude and labeled them "publicans and
sinners," He began to teach them
many things—He spoke fromhis heart
to their hearts. Patie'nce and tend-
erness rust have -combined these com-
passionate. messages.
' 35, 36: ` The dayais now far spent;
send them away -In their eagerness
to be with him all question of supplies
had been forgotten. The situation
was a perplexing one -the late hour,
the hungry crowd, and means of pro-
curing food, for the place was "des-
ert," that is, uninhabited, That they
may go into the country and villages
and buy—This seemed the-
on1`y thing to do. There was food
somewhere in that `region of the coun-
try, and if the people -scattered about
they could find it.
GOOD HEALTH QUESTION BOX
Dy Andrew F
Or. Curfirier ;will answer ad signed
question Is pf general interest it wit
Ifnot it, will be answered personally,
closed. Dr. Currier will not prescribe
Address Dr. Andrew F,:Currier,, care o
West, Toronto.
Boils,
A boil or furuncle is a1? ainful in
flammation of the skin forming
around a, hair follicle.
One or several may develop in the
same area at about the same time,
or there may be successive crops of
•them.
While it is the rule that one hair
follicle be involved, it is possible for
the inflammation to include as many
follicles as there: ase openingsie. the
boil when it gets ripe and discharges,
This kind of eruption seems to
have a particular predilection for
young adults, though the exclusive
privilege belongs to no age or :;ex. a
Boils often come at the end of
winter or in the early spring, when
so many people feel run-down and
seem to' think they require medicine
for spring cleaning.
Boils are caused by germs which
produce suppuration afid which may
generally be found on the skin of
most people, unless they have
formed the habit of scrubbing and
tics.
cleanirlg it with powerful antisep
They' may be perfectly harmless,
but if the individual, and particu-
larly his skin; offers' slight resist-
ance, and the individual is debili-
tated and . run down, thegerms will
improve --the opportunity to develop
and cause boils.
Their development is encouraged
when the diet of the individual is a
faulty one and when heindulges
freely' in greasy food, half baked
bread, pies, pastries and gravies.
Nervous irritation, overwork, con-
stipation, and local irritation or fric-
tion of the skin, also favor their de-
velopment.
• Almost everybody has had them
and knows how they act, look, and
feel.
Currier, IVN, 0,
letters pertaining to .health, lf, your
i be answered through these columns;
If stamped, addressed envelope
fpr individual cases or make diagnoses,
f Wilson "Publishing Co,. 73 Adelaide +t.
The tendency to these unpleasant
visitors may be overcome by a, care.
ful attention to diet, abundance of
sleep, out -door exercise and perhaps
a good vegetable or mineral tonic,
The development of a boil should
be arrested if possible, and I ani
sure it is often passible.
Sometimes this can be done by the
careful application of pure' carbolic
acid, or some other `mineral acid or
caustic.
The injection of suitable vaccines is
fashionable at the present time.
Beat applied to the, boil will .has-
ten its development, and a free in-
cisio:.i will lessen tension, relieve pain,
favor drainage and .facilitate the re-
moval of the core or slough.
The cleaner the wound is kept with,
antiseptic applications and dressings;
the less the possibility that the infec-
tion will extend, and the sooner the
patient will get well.
QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. :
L. H.-1. What causes mitral insuf
ficiency ?
2. Is it curable?
3. What causes high blood pres-
sure? Could it be due to the heart
trouble?
Answers 1. It is due to a lack of
proportion between the mitral valve'
and its opening; in other words, the
valve does not fit tightly into its,
opening—thus, causing the blend to
back up when the heart contracts,.
2. It is curable, though it may
undergo compensations.
3. Changes in the' walls of the
arteries, due to increased tissue for
mation, which' "'comes naturally with
advanced years, or as a result of
certain diseases. It is possible that
the condition ofthe, heart might have
a 'bearing upon this condition of the
arteries.
is, in regular formation, like sym-
metrical garden beds: two long rows
of one hundred and a short row of
fifty persons.
41. Looking up to heaven, .he blessed
and -.brake—Probably • the Hebrew
grace before meat, as the father sur-
rounded by his household was accus-
tomed to do at the Passover feast.
42. They all ate, and were filled-
As the disciples distributed the food
it increased in the distribution: Means
which are to us inadequate may under
the blessing of God, suffice, only they
must be first placed in his hands.
43. Twelve basketfuls ---The small
wicker baskets commonly used by the
Jews for carrying their food. There
must be no waste, even of miraculous
power.
44. Five thousand- men—Matthew
adds, "besides women and children"
(Matt. 14. 21).
.a.
Revelation.
Into• the heart of a rose I gazed,
Nor found there .a trace of guile;
The beautiful flower disclosed to me
Its counterpart—God's smile.
Into the face of a babe I looked,
Saw no cravings for power or pelf;
The innocent child revealed to me
God's goodness, His glory, Himself!
The war is now costing the Unites
States, one million dollars per hour.
37. Give ye them to eat—Certain-
ly a strange request in the face of the
obvious fact that no food was on hand -
-so they must have thought. They
inferred that it could only mean they
weie to buy its. Shall we buy two This is the 'question that comes to
PLANNING THE
E �l ! ORCHARD
By L. H. Cobb.
hundred shl1hnags ' worth of bread?— everyone who intends to set an or -
Only Mark and John specify the sum chard, or even replace dying trees in
—two hundred dens•!!: The'denarius the orchard they now have. 'It is
was a Roman coin worth about seven-
teen cents. It' is. hardly correct :not" an easy matter to select the var-
to call it a penny. It represents thea ieties for an orchard, and too often it
wages for ,one day's work. The Ms- is practically left to the fruit tree
plication here is that as it would take, agent who takes the order: This is a
two hundred denarii, a large suns; the serious mistake in most cases, for the
whole thing was out of the question.F best sorts are often the cheaper trees,
It was greatly beyond their means. and the agent is directly interested in
plan all thoughtt out— hhe himself
John tells toJesus himself had s his f smost 'selling the t expensive. He wants
knew what he would do" (John 6. 6)---"' to sell the specialties ,his house is in -
and that his purpose was to test troclucing if he can, and he will' extoll
I'llilip. then! at the expense of -the standard
88. 1dow many loaves have ye? varieties that you should buy instead.
Five and two fishes -It is John Recommended only who says: "There's a lad here, Use n d Varieties
who hath five barley loaves, and two Very often it will be a good plan to
fishes," and he alone shows the, ab-
surdity of attempting to feed the peo-
ple on this ridiculously small supply:
What are these among so many?"
40. Sat down in ranks, by hundreds,
and by fifties—Literally, they eelin-
ed,.:"garden beds, garden beds," that
1
/
tee i' fsel.D
IFFoRomito t Mete
Upon thin card our Willie drew,,
Two awful looking (aces
�3ut take another look before
The,iictiu a he es aseab•
get in touch with the Provincial Ex-
perimental Farm and find out which'
varieties they will recommend, for they
will know which sorts will do the best
in the district, and can give advice, as to
the selection for the special find of
soil and location you have. Another
good plan is to find out the navies of
the most popular varieties growing in
your neighborhood, and see how you
like them by sampling the fruit and
examining the trees. Your soil may
be such that a variety that is a gen-
eral favorite will not be thrifty with
you; the condition of the trees of this
variety in your vicinity will tell the
story. It wouldn't be wise to plant
a variety that is dying out right along
for your neighbors, provided another
variety can be had with :similar qual-
ities"
For the Season's Supply ,
The orchard should be carefully
planned to meet the needs of the fam-
ily during as long a season as pos-
sible. 'there is no need for a dearth
of fruit at any season if this is done.
T'rom the time the Early Richmond
cherry starts you off in the spring un-
til the last Northern Spy apple is con-
sumed there should be no let up in
the supply of fruit in a condition to
use. lis" )spite of the foci; that this
is .not only'possible but easily manag-
ed, there are seasons when it is al-
most impossible to buy any l:ind of
fresh fruit locally 'produced and
Scarcely a :farm will '.have a regal-
plums,
eguplums, apples,' and
peaches have good varieties ripening
in order :from, the time .the first is
raady until the latest variety ripens,
yiliile tpiiles alone can beso platlterl
as to open as wanted,
Varieties for the lionme Orchard
reit Tor stoning' and' putting up in
various ways for future use must re-
ceive due 'consideration, but too often
the whole orchard is "run to varieties
best suited to this, purpose. The
Morello cherries, Elbert& peaches,
wild goose plums, and winter apples
get most of the orchard. There is
plenty of fruit for winter bat a short-
age daring the summer season except
when these speciai sorts are in con-
dition. Manylike the `Early,. R.ich-
mond cherries better than the Mor-
ello, and the Montmorency comes be-
tween these and is superior to either
for any purpose, to my mind. The
Wild Goose is the poorest plum gron-rl
when it comes to ,quality, and it is a
mystery to me why it is so generally
planted when there aTeso many real-
ly good sorts. The Japanese are the
best plums by all odds. The Eiberta
is a splendid peach, but there are oth-
ers, There is no need .to be with-
out peaches, the big white late clings
axe gone with the coming of frost,
The peas season is shorter, but
there are some of the early Jail pears
that can be used quite veli, before
the main varieties ripen. :gciffer is
planted exclusively and is a good
general crop sort and very reliable,.
yet I would .lot want to do without a
few' trees of Tyson,' Seckel, Duchess,
and others that are newer .arid as
good or better. The Bartlett i$ the
pear par excellence, excellence, but the tree is
not a good grower.
The Sire of, the Orchard
The size of the orchard must gov-
ern the selectionto an extent, as will
the purpose far which it is' planted.
IC it is intended to yell some fruit err
the local market the home orchard
can be relatively ,increased all along
the line and give the best chance for.
a steady profitable market. If a
larger acreage is contemplatedwith a
view to selling oil the general market
then some standard varietywill be
selected for the larger portionof the
orchard so the packing and .grading
can be done at the least expense, for
it is just as easy- to sell the whole crop
of one !:i:nd as it would be to .have it
divided up among severai. 'For the
ordinary- farmer, though, the local
market h e �mal!e � supply
ananiy 'vaiwit'metsthes corning irn regularlyofthe
Would give the best chance to get
good prices.
-PAYS
t3ettor'tlian c5,4r; 4�'rite � 3ulletin
ONTAFti(O PER-riLiZEPIS, LIMITED
V+IEST ;i'oRON`'' CANADA