The Exeter Advocate, 1918-3-7, Page 3I3y Agronomist.
our farm readers who want the advice
soil seed cro .s etc, :if your question
be answered through thicolumn. if
enclosed with your tetter, a complete
Agronomist, care of Wilson Publishing
This Department is for the use of
of an expert on any question regarding
is of sufficientn r' l interest, it will
stamped and addressed' envelope Is
Hewer willbe mailed you.
Address:o,,
Ltd„ 73 Adelaide St. W., Toronto.
Growlag Beans and Parsnips.
Nothing is to be gained by planting
the bush beans outdoors too 'early,
as they are very tender and'one light
frost may either kill or retard them
more than a 'week or more's later
planting, Of course, if you are equip-
ped to cover or otherwise protect
them and are sure to attend' to it, -you
can get an earlier crop by taking.
eoane risk, But, in any case, it will
not be`wise to plant until the ground
is warm and the weather somewhat
settled, as beans planted in cold or
soggy soil are likely to ,root in the
ground.
The Various Varieties
Beans naturally divide themselves
in the following classes: The dwarf
green and yellawpodded, the dwarf,
shell beans, which are matured, and
beans shelled out for?winter use; the
tall, or pole, green and yellow podded,
and the tall shell beans for winter.
Few persons grow any of the shell,
beans in small home gardens, and we
will not further consider them here.
For beans the soil should be rich
and mellow. To get them tender at
picking time they, should have quick
and continuous growth, and this is
best assured when they are planted
in a warm; rich, porous soil, well-
drained and given plenty of water.
Well -rotted manure, dug into the
trench, is best; and -the soil should be
made fine: with the shovel when dig-
ging and finished with the rake.
Beans are. planted iii two general
ways: In hills and in furrows or .drills,
Cleaner cultivation can be given by
the Iii1l system, but more can be
grown in the same space of garden by
the drill plan.
By the hill system you can hoe all
around thelia, but when planted in
drills, if you have many weeds, it will
require hand -weeding along the rows
where the hoe -cannot reach.
As some beans, for different rea-
sons, do not germinate, it will pay to
plant them rather thickly, and thin
out in the drills to four inches apart.
Make the drills as far apart as may
be convenient. If to be worked en-
tirely with the hoe, eighteen inches
apart will do; if to be worked with the
wheel cultivator, make them two feet
apart between the drills.
When using the hill system of
planting, drop four to six beans to a
hill, making the hills a -foot apart.
When fully up, thin out to three or
four to a hill.
Beans require frequent cultivation,
always drawing the soil up around
the plants, If • the wheel cultivator
is used it will be well to go over them
with the hoe to get the soil well up
to the plants. Work them when the
crust forms after rams, and at all
times when 'necessary to keep down
the weeds.
Parsnip a Valuable Food
As a solid dinner vegetable the
parsnip is welcomed on the tables of
the rich and poor ' alike. Boiled
with meat it makes a whole meal, and
it is just as much relished when cook-
ed in any of the many ways in
which it can be served.
It is the sugar content which -paces
the parsnip so valuable as a food. ' It
is heavy with sugar, and it is to get
into it so much of this valuable quality
that we give it the very best soil and
cultivation
A great deal of the value of the
parsnip also lies in its good•,keeping
qualities. It may be taken up, in the
fall and stored in pits, or cool cellars
in sand, or it can bcI allowed to re-
main in the open ground over winter,
which will improve its flavor and
make a good' vegetable,, for use iii the
early 'spring when such' are scarce.
As they are an all -season vege
table, they can be piafited eighteen
inches apart, and the space between
interciopped with radishes, lettuce
and other smaller veetablges.
Best results will be obtained by dig-
ging into the soil as much well -rotted
manure as it will take, using it in the
trench in preference to spreading it
on top:` As is the case with .all
large -growing root crops, the soil
should be made porous and mellow, so
that the roots can grow and expand
easily.
Parsnip seed is of rather easy ger-
mination, on which account it should,
not be covered more than a half inch'
with fine soil. A gentle wetting
down of the drills will pack the soil
and the seeds together sufficiently
that compacting with the foot will not
be necessary.
Requires Much Water
1 Then the young plants are two
inches high they should be thinned out
to three inches apart.
Early small -growing parsnips which
are pulled out for bunching can be left
stand at three inches apart, but
if you plant the long winter varieties,
they should be thinned out to six
inches apart, as their foliage is very
heavy and will. crowd even at that
distance. The, largest varieties had.
better be thinned out to eight inches.
Parsnips, like all root crops con-
taining large quantities of sugar, re-
quire a great 'amount of water, and
it shouls be given them regularly; hilt
be sure that the ground they are
growing in is well drained so that it
does not get boggy.
INTERNATIONAL LESSON
MARCH 10.
Lesson X.—Jesus Restoring Life and.
Health -Mark 5. 21-23, 35-43.
-Golden Text, Matt. 8. 17.
• Verse 21. -We doriot know ;where
ha landed, probably at Capernaum,
which lay in -a north-westerly direc-
tion from the country of the, Gera-
senes, about an eight -mile sail. A
great multitude was gathered unto
him—We read between the lines that
his recent mighty works in Caper-
naum and vicinity had immensely aug-
gnented his fame, so that immediately
upon his landing the crowd of suffer-
ers surged about him in increasing
numbers.
22. One of the •rulers._:of the syna-
gogue, Jairus—The synagogue, or
local church of the Jews, was ound
in every town. Its services were
very simple. A "ruler'f was one of
the chief men having direction of its
affairs. In "Capernaum was a notable
synagogue, built, we infer, by a large -
minded Roman centurion, On the pre-
sent site of. Capernaum there mielht
have been seen a few years ago the
ruins of a synagogue—huge marble
blocks, sculptured and bearing -Jewish
emblems. While the Jewish leader.
might -Have hesitated to'indorse the
great .Teacher, the possibility of help
or his sick daughter impelled hint
as a last resort to appeal to Jesus,
This case is one so clearly fixed in the
anind of the writer that his very name,
Jairus, is given. Falleth at his feet
—The Oriental attitude of the sup-
pliant.
23. S eseecheth hint much—A word
implying the most urgent entreatyor
the life of his child. • The expression
rr t the point-odeath" is to be react
litfiialiy, "hafinally," that is, has
some to the last of life and is tat
the verge of slipping away .,ay
thy hands on her—Luke omits' thls,
but . Matthew gives it The laying
q i of hands in case of healing is men -
Oohed :several times In Mark, also ht
Acts.
Verse 24 tells how Jesus' eompas-,
donate heart responded to the teen
bled. heart of the appealing father.
Verses 25 to 34 relate the episode
of the healing of the afflicted woman
who touched the hem of the Saviour's
garment.
35.' Thy .daughter is dead: why
troublest thou 'the Teacher any furth-
er?—The announcernent was seeming-
ly an unfeeling breaking of the sad
news to the father and is simply the
conclusion of the people that it was no
use to 'take the Master's time for a
case already beyond earthly skill.
Jesus not heeding the word—Literal-
ly, "overhearing the word,' which was
not addressed to him, but to the fath-
er.
36. Fear not, , only believe—Jesus
paid no attention to the interruption,
but did notice the effect of the an-
nouncement upon the father. —Minn
he now seeks to comfort.
37. Suffered no man to follow, save
Peter, and James, and John—Thetrio
of disciples most responsive to him
and nearest his heart.
38. A tumult, and many:;weeping
and wailing—A true • picture,. of
Oriental grief, which grows more in-
tense at the time of the funeral, when
hired mourners rend, the air with
their ululations.
39. The child is not dead, but
sleepeth—This is the only account of
the raising of the dead given by all of
the Synoptic Gospels—Matthew,
Mark, and, Luke.
40. They laughed him to scorn—
Those who were mourning' quickly
turned to derision upon his command
for silence. Put them all forth --He
would have no curious and unsym-
pathetic hired mourners• at such a
sacred moment. Talceth the father
of the child and her mother and them.
that we c'with him—We may well
conjecture the intense and pathetic
moment as the little company stood
about the bier of the little girl.
41, ' Talitha cunni --The .Aramaic
words in the language spoken by
Jesus: This is one of the few places
Where is given the very language used
byJests. The phrase means, Damsel,
arias
42 Straightway, the damsel rose.
dip, and walked—The single word
`arise" was, enough, For she . was
tgwelve years old—This is an explana-
tion of her walking. They were
atn az d with a great amazement---
Thi, ` e a sort of climax to Jesus'
nliity works by the lakeside, ,.'
hanged theme that no man
hottld, now this --For the reason that
it tyot ld stie up the pepulace to such
a p toh, that it would kindle mistaken
and liremature expectations\ which
aeout ,
Yiot help his work, bei would
ot`ee' Impede it. Commanded` that
so»ie hilig should be given her to eat
is shows Jesus' consideration, at-
ote to details. ..The child's ina-
AS hood, Was not overlooked,
fin.
�},QI
r
There can be no successful dairy-
ing which"does; net rest upon an ap-
preciation of the feet, that a, cowis
first of all a mother, A Bow's ability.
to bring forth strong and; vigorous
offspring anclto provide abundantly
for the nourishment of such is the
corner stone of the dairy business.
There are those; who call the cow a
machine, wins figure painstakingly the
amount, of foodstuffs she should have
to produce her utmost+ and who go
about their business upon the basis
that as in the
cage of. `other ma-
chines, production is simply a matter
of how much raw material can be
turned in a given time into finished
product.
It is, of course, unjust to the cow
to call her a machine. Machines do
not possess nerves, whereas a cow has
an intricate system of thein. And
the relation between this system and
the milk pail is so intima',te that any
condition which affects the cow'snerv-
ous system reacts at once upon the
milk -producing system, An undue
disturbance of normal, tranquil con-
ditions diverts the blood supply from,
the milk glands and the cow either
"holds -alp her milk" or gives a lessen-
ed quantity. It is not without rea-
son that Swiss peasants sing or yodel
softly to their cows at milking time.
If calves are weaned they should'
be led whole mill- until they are one
anoath old, when they should bp change
ed to ekim milk. They should be'.
fed skim, milk until they .are six
months old. While they are on milk
they should be given some grain and
alfalfa hay.
A good mixture for grain feed is
four parts of corn chop, one part of
oil meal, and two parts of wheat bran.
After taking the calf off the milk, in-
crease the grain gradually to two.
pounds a day its addition to silage
and alfalfa. hay.
The heifers should be bred so as to
calve when from twenty-four to thirty
months of age,; depending upon the
breed end growth of the animal_ If
bred so as to Calve earlier than this,
their growth is apt to be injured, ,
Donald Smith of Red Deer receiv-
ed for some fine beef cows what is
reported to be the highest price ever
paid for this elass of beef in Western
Canada $9.45 per hundred.
Bacon contains about' 7 per cent,
',bone, dressed beef 20, mutton 20 and
veal 25. That is one reason why
bacon is so much desired for ship-
ment to Europe .under present condi-
tions of shipping.
Like i
Like liocluces like, and to get good
crops without planting good seed is
next to -impossible.
OD RAL`
QUESTiON Box
By Andrew F.
Dr. Currier will answer all signed
question is of general interest it will
If not 'it will be answered personally,
closed.. Dr. Currier will not prescribe
Address Dr, Andrew F. Currier, care of
West, Toronto.
Blood Pressure.
Blood pressure. is an important sub-
ject, insurance companies lay stress
upon it and .doctors who keep abreast
of the progress of the times find it
necessary to be skillful in determin-
ing
etermining`, it.
It means the degree ok force which,
the blood current"in .the arteries ex-
erts against their wall under the in=
fluence of the contractile force of the
heart muscle.
It -is measured by the height of a
column o mercury'in'a capillary tube.
It should be remembered that the
heart is a pump and the arteries a
series of elastic tubes proceeding from
a ,great trunk vessel attached to the
heart, and dividing' and sub -dividing
until every portion of the body has
been traversed by,them.
Any artery can be used to deter-
mine the blood pressure, if the system
is in good working order, but one of
moderate size is more convenient than
one which is very, large or very small.
It is also desirable to choose an,
artery near the surface, which can
easily' be got at.
The arteries of the body are sub-
ject to disease like any other tissue
or organ anti such disease is often an
important symptom of disease else-
where.
else-where.
Changes 'in the structure of the art-
eries may take place at any time, but.
there are 'certain changes which ord-
inarily occur in them after middle life
and in old age which are. character-
istic, so that we are accustomed to
say .that a person is as old as his
arteries,
Hardening or arterio -sclerosis is a
change which occurs naturally in the
arteries during old age.
This means that the connective tis-
sue which holds together the cells
composing the arterial wall, is -in-
creased, making them niore or less
rigid and inelastic instead of, resili-
ent ea they are in early life.
Sometimes during old age the art-
eries absorb salts of lime from the
blood, and may become brittle like
pipe -stems, and they :are apt -to snap
if subjected to unusual strain or
pressure.
They may also be softened by a pro-
cess which is known as atheroma and
this also makes them very susceptible
to rupture or breaking.
If rupture should occur in arteries
Currier, M. D.
letters pertaining to Health. If your
be answered through these columns;
If stamped, addressed envelope Is en
for individual cases or make diagnoser.
Wilson Publishing Co., 73 Adelaide St.
like -those of, the brain we' have the.
condition known as apoplexy which
is almost always serious and very.
frequently fatal, i
All this shows the necessity of keep-
ing track of the arteries for when
.they become unusually hard or un-
usually soft the condition becomes one
which is dangerous.
It is therefore easyLLto see how
desirable it is to determine the blood-
pressure
loodpressure from time to time and find
out the condition of the arterial wall.
One form of instrument, measures
this pressure, as I have already stat-
ed, .by the height to which a column
of mercury is raised in 'a capillary
tube and another by the registry of an
indicator: upon a :circular dial plate as
the result of pressure upon a spring,
but these springs vary in their re-
sisting- power and the column of
mercury is therefore more " accurate
and reliable.
A certain number on the" scale of
the instrument indicates the blood.
pressure as the ventricle of the heart
contracts and sends out the column
of blood into the arteries.
This is the maximum and i$ ob-
tained when- the pressure of the di-
lated rubber bag, which is a part of
the instrument, over the artery at the
elbow which is chosen for the mease
urement, obliterates the flow of the
blood current within it.
The ininimiirn is indicated on the
register when the pressure of the sup -
bei: bag is released and the current -
again
again flows within it as indicated by
the return of the pulse at the wrist.
The differential between the maxi-
mum and the minimum is known as
the pulse pressure.
,QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS.
0. A. L": -Kindly tellmewhether
the use of sodium phosphates, calcium
chloride, and compound syrup of the
phosphates, 'will lead to kidney dis-
ease—particularly to stone in the
kidney,
Answer -I do not think that the
disease you refer to can result from
the use of the=riieclicines you men-
tion; but do You think it desirable to
take such a quantity of medicines?
Of course I do not know whether you
are taking it under the advice of a
physician, or not; but if you were
under my care, I should not think it
advisable to dose: you with so many
medicines
ral Lonskf
CUT OUT AND FOLD ON DOTTED ,LINES
,POLO i'SfiGK-
5.5
taco rrwnnny
b
Willie longed for papa's, hat,
Despite hie tender years; •
But when•he pal it on—Ales!
9i, covered up hie e(}m
OTHER WISDOMM
Some of the Persons Why Our Children Ouglit to Play
By Helen Johnson Keyes
Iiave you ever noticed how hard at that was slow, 'hesitating, undecided?'
work children 'seem to be whea they Not often, I thiols, fir play is born of
are playing? They do not act in the thoughts that re winged and which
way ~nen and women .de Who are being transforin themselves instantly into
amused at a concert or a social. acts. From the infantile game of puss
The play of children and the reerea- in the corner right through, high
tion of grown-ups are absolutely dif- schoel sports a good judgment put in-'
ferent the one from the other. They to swift execution is what wins. Is
are not entered into from the. same it not so in life, also motives or followed in the sanie',sphit.
kgrown-up seeks a good time for the
sake of recovering from the fatigue
sof words > and of forgetting worries; a
child is not conscious of any motives,
for his play is .instinctive but the
purpose of nature in making him play
is to educate him.
This difference is so important and
fundamental that every mother ought times. ' painful, sometimes, joyful`
to realize it and have it constantly in ''but it is always plain and un
mind. A child educates himself disguised:. "You " did that, there
through his `play. ` A man named fore you get this." Must' not the
Gxoos, ; who has studied this matter . realization of this truth educate
very deeply, believes that one rea- youngpeople away from those happy
son why the period of childhood is eo go -lucky, careless deeds, violations of
much longer in human beings than it natural and moral laws, which usual -
is in animals—who attain almost at ly bring with them a trail of ill health,
once about' asmuch intelligence as failure and misery?
they ever have -is in order that they (4) Courage. Very young children
shall have a long educational course whimper over the bumps they get in
of play to prepare them, for the very play, quarrel over their bad luck in
great difficulties of adult human life. games and brag of their successes.
We parents must realize, then, that By the time the fourth or fifth grade
if we do not give our youngsters op- is reached, however, no more of that
p`ortunities to play, we are making cowardly or boastful manner is toter
cripples of them, sending ahem out ated. The youngsters have "learned,
into manhood and womanhood lame, through playing, to take the humps
blind and deaf; as it were, unable to and blows in silence and to abide by
march in the ranks of 'success, unable the laws of the game and the decisions
to see life and people as they truly of the umpire.
are or to understand the demands They * begany
in the der,- of their lit -
which the world makes upon us. tle cliilclhood as soreheads but play
What are some of the lessons, valu- has made them honorable ,sportsmen.
able in after life, which play teaches Did you ever see success come to a
to children? grown-up sorehead? I never have.
(1) Justice. When tots begin to play i The spirit which wins in life is the
together each one seeks to grab tor !spirit of sportemanship—courage to
himself the ). most attractive toys. ! get. hurt, if necessary, for a good
Gradually, however, the necessity of cause, to lose cheerfully 'land to win
sharing is impi:'essed upon the little without bragging. 'The child who
brains. 13y and by the age' of games does not play may learn this lesson
comes and. then this lesson is repeat- too late to :take his place honorably
ed. Finally, those great sports, base- when he plays in the great game of
life.
The country offers every opportun-
ity for play and sport but farming is
a difficult , and 'anxious business and
operative action. What an example too often those who are engaged in
there is in the Incident of the tennis it, laboring cdaselessly for those im
player who had an opportunity to win mediate results on which their living
the national championship by a fluke depends, forget the educational value
his opponent made but who, instead, of free play and team sports to chil-
intentionally made the same: fluke dren, 'giving them longer and harder
labor than their ages justify. The
result is that these Jacks and Jilts,
although they may be very ,:capable
machines, are a little slow to under-
stand the larger and more complicat-
ed demandswhich life makes upon us
all, those moral and social demands,
I mean. which are becoming more and
more exacting as -ommunity life ad-
vances to greater and greater perfec-
tion on our farms. Flaw will teach
teamwork—the great principle of our
new rural life.
(3) The Power to Couet Conse-
quences. Probably too oftenfor the
moral ;growth of our children, do we
mothers protect them` from the re
sults of their deeds. Often it is even
necessary to their survival or health
that we should. But in play they
must meet squarely the consequences
of what they do. The lesson is some -
ball, football, basketball, are en-
teredl into which teach, with ,,a
power which no sermon can ever
attain, the lesson of fair play and co -
himself on the next ball so 'as to win:—
if
in—if win he could—by his own skill and
not on his' opponent's misfortune.'
Would you not trust that man's fair
play in any business deal? No very
young boy,' 1 think, would be equal to
such a sacrifice but through play—
and only thus lie will acquire that
desire to give every man his due and
of winning fairly and squarely in all
the relations of life or not at all'.
'(2) The Powe:'to Decide Wisely and
Act Quickly. Did youever see play
The feed a colt -gets the first eigh-
teen months, and especially the' first
winter, determines to a great extent
the size of the colt at maturity. The
size of a horse determines its value
very largely. Good breeding gives
wonderful possibilities, but it takes
feeding if these possibilities are to be
fully realized. ' The best -bred colt
will be no better than a scrub if it
fed upon a starvation ration.
.A. draft colt makes one half of its
development by the time it is one year
old, hence the importance of a good
start. The colt should be, taught
to eat grain before it is weaned, and
after being weanedshould be, allowed
a liberal ration of • alfalfa or clover
hay with other available roughage,
such as. corn fodder, kafir butts, cane
hay, and straw. The colt should be
fed sufficient grain to keep it in good
growing and thrifty condition.
If the colt, is fed properly, one
should never be able to see its ribs.
A ration of from six to eight pounds
a day should be fed for each 1,000
pounds of live weight. Oats is an
excellent feed, but at the present
price is so high it isnot practical. A
good substitute is coin 70 per cent.,
bran 20 per cent,, and oil meal 5 per
cent, by weight. Colts should have
access to a pasture or a large lot so
as to "ha 'e plenty of exercise.
A collar should be fitted to the.
horse, and not the horse to the col-
lar. The collar that is too,•,large should
not be used on 'a horse in the hope
that he will grow lai`ge enough so it
will eventually fit. A collar that fits
well in the spring may not fit at all'
in the fall,
Whe"1'i' one is fitting it horse with a
collar, the animal should be standing
in a natural position, on level ground,
with his head held at the height main-
tained while at work, The collar,
when buckled, should fit snugly to the
side of the neck, and its face should
doTlo�v closely and be in even contact
with the surface of the shoulders from
the top of the withers to the region of
his throat. At the •throat there
should be enough room 'for a man's
hand to be inserted inside the collar,
The style of horse collars are creat-
ed mostly by the use of different kinds
of materials in their construction,~
Such materials es heavy 'duck, ticking,
mina leathEr are used either alone or in,
various combinations, - .All -metal
collars may also be bought, but are
not so Much used.
More pigs are ruined at weaning
time than at any other stage of their
existence. .They should have ac-
cess to corn and other grain when
they are with their mother, so that
they will know how to eat and will
not miss the milk,
Skim milk or buttermilk is desirable
feed for pigsat weaning time. The
milk should be fed in tle same condi-
tion 'at all times --either sweet or
sour—otherwise the digaie:dve system
will be impaired.
Usually the pigs " are large and
thrifty enough to wean at the age of
six to eight weeks. They should
have access to green forage, such as
alfalfa, rape, clover, or sorghum, at
all times. The feeding trough
should always be kept clean.
Care should be taken that the pigs
are not overfed. Overfeeding causes
feverish conditions and, will stunt, the
growth of the. pigs., .
Machinery for Bean -Raising.
Beans may be expected to do well
on any well -drained soil, but they seem:
to prefer a sandy or gravelly loam of
fair fertility. Too rich a soil will
favor the growth of too much vine and
the beans will not ripen uniformly.,
The seed is usually planted with a
grain drill, but when the crop is to be
grown in hills it,i.s best to use a corn
planter equipped`} with a bean plate.
A shovel cultivator is needed for the
three or four cultivations the crop re-
quires. For harvesting there are seg
eral kinds of inachinery, of which a
sRecial bean harvester is best, though ,
a mower equipped with a bunching at-
tachment may also be used, The only
satisfactory metho4 of threshing beam
crops of considerable` size is a bean
thresher, which may also be used for`
peas, , They,are inade;in various sizes
some of which may be operated with'
two men and a small ,gas engine, Such
a 'thresher will thresh from about
eight to twelve bushels of beans an
hour, depending on the amount of
vines.
"The blue of. Heaven is larger than
the cloucc "---Elizabeth Barrett Brown-
ing.
FERTILIZEFEIITILIZEll PAYS
Better than ever. Writfor Eiulletin
ONTARIO FERTILIZERS, LIMITED
'WEST .TORONTO CANADA,