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The Exeter Advocate, 1918-2-28, Page 7By•",Agronomist. This Department Is for the use of our farm readers who wanCthe advice of an expert on any question regarding soli, seed, crops, etc. if your question is 0answeredthrough this column, lf. sufficient general interest, It well be 9 , ere btam ed a envelope is enclosed with: your letter, a complete p and addressed p answer will be mailedto you. Address Agronomist, care of Wilson Ptibilshing Co•, Ltd., 73 Adelaide St. W. Toronto. Growing Carrots, Beets, and Spinach. Por some unexplained reason the carrot does ,not seem to be as much of a hozne garden vegetable as some others which have not so much food value and are`,not as toothsome or en- joyable in as many ways. I have no- ticed this to be the case in manyparts of the, Country, and yet it is very ex- tensively grown by market gardeners and roust be eaten by many in the cities. w To get a well -grown carrot special attention must be given to the soil, which should be light in texture, very fertile, deep and warm. The carrot has a long growing sea- son. The early ones may bo sown now and others successively through the months -of May, June and .the first half of July in such• quantities as will give a sunirner supply from the 'first plantings, and from the later ones. what is desired for winter. Cover the seeds thinly with fine soil and tomake m c sure of a good con- tact between,it and the seeds tread along the row to makE, It firm, es- pecially when planting the late ones, ' when the soil may be somewhat dry. Keep watered enough to maintain an even moisture, which will hasten ger- mination and insure a more oven crop. The carrot should be grown quickly to insure freedom from toughness of the centre, Culture of the Beet The beet should have a soil made of fibrous loam, well drained and well enriched with good rotted; manure. It is one of the crops which should have a -quick` and uninterrupted growth to insure tenderness, and; this can best be had in such a soil. An ordinary garden soil which may have a clay base niay bel made better for beets by being due; deeply, chop- ped fine, worked into condition with the rake, and have a heavy dressing of rotted manure dug into the trench: If feasible to do.so, heavy soils may be lightened by the additiori of sharp sand applied when the soil has been dug and worked in with the rake. The first early beets are raised from plants grown under glass and set out at this time. These plants are not expensive; aid several dozens will be suffi'cient for the ordinary home gar- den. When buying them be sure that the slender taproot is not broken off, which is sometiines the case when they arc not carefully lifted from the flats, or indoor seed bed. The main -crop early beets sown out- doors should be planted where they are to manure. It is customary to set them around the edges of the• beds, as well as in the beds themselves. They make a good edging for the beds of almost all vegetables, and this makes for economy of space. The practice of making a hole with a stick and dropping iii the seeds is not a good one, as it is difficult to provide close contact between the seed and the soil, something which is very necessary. The best plan is to sow the seeds in drills one inch deep. These can be made with the hoe,, . which is better than the back of the 'rakes as it does not, pack the soil iii the bottom of the drill. Set the seeds an inch apart; in order to get a good stand, as 'sortie may not germinate, and when they have gained their third,leaf they may be thinned out to two -inches apart in the row. These plants are allowed to remain either as a; cold salad or as boiled at this distance until the leaves touch, greens with a sour dressing. when alternate ones may be removed and used as beet' ` greens, or sauce, tops awl. all. This is a great delicacy when properly cooked and dressed with butter and seasoning. From the time the beets come through the; soil (sooner if the weede get the start of. them) give thorough and clean cultivation. Break the crust which forms after all rains and keep up the dust mulch. The best 'stimulant for the early beet is nitrate of soda, at the rate of 100 pounds an acre, whichworks out for the small garden in the propor- tion of one-third of an ounce to a yard square of soil. It is applied by dis- solving in grater in the proportion of a ,Melon of "water to an ounce of the nitrate of soda, and watering along the rows and not all over the beds, Some Edible Greens Foremost among edible greens is the spinach. This is one of the most import- ant eio sof bothihe commercial home gardeners, yet it is not always as choice as it can he made to be, by properculti.}re. 'By some -it is regard ed almost as a spring medicine, ,hav- ing a diuretic effect. When properly cooked and served it is both nourish- ing and appetizing. Spinach is,,an early summer and fall vegetable, being not up to quality in midsummer, as it will not, stand the excessive heat and dryness of our northern' climate. • For spinach the ground cannot be too rich. It will give best results when light and porous. The richer the soil is, the more delicate and sue- culent the leaves will be and the finer the finger. • It is best when planting spinach. to drop the seeds rather thickly ,to insure a good stand, the surplus to be afterward thinned out to' six to eight incl es•^apart;• according to the ma- turing size of the variety grown, • Altother good greens and salad plant -is the upland cress, whichhs also a stranger to more gardens than it should be, as it makes a most appetiz- ing salad and greens, when used as spinach is. Should be sown in rich meist soil and ,have • free cultivation, Sow it thickly in Arills, six inches apart, to force leaf growth. Fre- quently small sowings are best, as it soon runs to seed if left stand. The Wholesome Endive For a fall and winter salad and greens plant there are -few the equal` of the endive, and it` is one of the most wholesome of. then all. For late use make sowings.inin the seed bed or dut of the way place, and when three inches high transplant into the garden beds (where some early crop has been removed) a :foot apart every way. Keep growing all sum- mer by regular watering and continu otis cultivation, and when mature in the fall blanch by tying, lip heads in waterproof small paper bags, when they are dry. if done when they are wet the heads, will rot. They can be taken up,`'root and all, and stored in a dry, cool cellar and kept several months. • It would ,seem 'hardly worth white to advise persons to plant dandelion, as this so-called weed is so widely dis- tributed as a pest. Yet' few persons have any idea as to the great super- iority of the•cultivated•sorts'-aver the .common :wild dandelion when used 1Ve will ,give this beautiCt�T Bracelet free, of all charge ,to any glri or young lady who will still 40 sets of Easter Postcards at 10 cents a set. The ,Extension ,Bracelet is of rolled gold plate and fits any arm. Send us your ,iia;rne and we willsand you the cards. - \Viten sold, send us the money and we will send you the brace- let. Address: ROM -ER -WARREN 'CO. DEi?7Y40, TORONTO, ONT. 'Lessen the .Lambing Losses.. Several weeks before lambing. tire, ewes are best divided into: lots according to the time their lambs are duo. Crowding. around feed boxes, jumping over ditcltes,:puehing through narrow • gates and,; rough handling when trimming the feet'are likely to cause ewes to cast their lambs. Immediately before and during lambing tine, the herdsman needs to be eon'the 'job, night and day to pre- vent the loss of lambs from chilling and ;from other preventable causes. A.s soonas a lamb is born the !herdsman will clean the mucus from its mouth •and nostrils: .l'.± the lamb is brought to the ewe she Will ,clean arid dry it. If • she eefusee, a �i nch " sttlrler ,on anwill ohelp salt to trvercenies her backwardrioss. In en hr;ur os two,' if the lamb is too weak t 0 seen, it' should he helped. Heat is the best medicine for weak lambs. if the shed is cold,' warm woollen clouts' wrapped around the yeanlings' will put heat into their bodies. The.cloths need to be chang- ed as soon as they lose their heat. It may be necessary to feed weak lambs by hand, giving a • spoonful of the mother's milk every few'houzs. The ewe• and her Iamb should'be kept in a'i peri by themselves for a few clays- un til the lamb becomes strong. Insecticides will surely be needed by gardeners and fruit growers. Deal ers should obtain ample supplies and have them on hand`a•eady to•meet the demand so growers wrill''not be kept waiting until e good part of their crops have been destroyed alid grow- ers should place _ their orders -ini mediately,having the goods deliver ed as 'early, as possible. • Plarit • lice should be counted on 'agai:n• this year. Be fully prelraied, Constipation causes mttch suffering and loss among horses fed prineipally on timothy hay and corn. A little oilmeal, some alfalfa or a little clean silage tinily, or a/tablespoonful of Ii p;sont salts every day or two in the NUTRITIOUSaaesse teed, will regulate the workinf s of the iatestiues , The tendency, of .nares to Cotten "as pregnancy advances curring the whiter must be guarded, else the mares may become so fat -as to inteefere with the development of the foal, Abortion may 'result from: failure to: guard against this condition. Coed grain rations for colts the first winter are: Two parts corn, five parts oats, three parts bran, and one part oilmeal; or four parts .oats, one part corn and one part bran.. The cheapest animal to raise is the sheep. SOL LUNCHES 13y Caroline L. Ilunt' The lunch at school has long been considered by thoughtful people a good opportunity to teach the com- position of foods, the ""principles . of nutrition and the best and safes t ways of handling and preparing foods, Now that everyone is .interested in food conservation and is ready and willing to do his bit in the way of sav mg, the 'educational opportunities of the school lunch are increased many fold. This is particularly true in cases wherepart of the lunch is prepared ,at school either in connection with the course in Home Economics or other- wise. To begin with the school lunch can be made a means of teaching one of the `simplest and least complicated facts about foods—their fuel values. Every child knows the difference be- tween a good ;Fuel and a pool fuel. He knows that green wood does not burn well because it contains much water which must be driven off before the combustible parts of the wood can • be used. He knows that a piece of hard coal of given size gives off more heat when it burns than a piece' of soft wood of fur not to brown it. Take out the the same size even when. the wood is onion and add the flour. Cook two dry. If burned in an engine the coal or three minutes. Add the milk and wi1L- produce more power and do _FREEi L :ROLLED ' OLO LOCKET ASD 'CHAIN 'We will stop this boautinr,id''ollcd-gold: loclse't s ncl ,chitin free of ofl charge to anl';''6tir who will sell 30'' Packages of °tit '�.lovely< embossed 10astet' Postcards: et )o, mints -a Gaclre c• Eiai`d us your name tend ,wc 'will semi o.0'the c.ards to sell. When, send, #en d �is the. Money and wetwill send you the loakel. and chain, Addrees: ROMERrWA: Rik h1 Cl. DEPT, 41, TO1toN`i"b.. A good h to repare in school is creamed potatodises,pfor it requires few utensils. .If stove -room and time are limited, the pupils ea'n bring cold boil - the '- ora ore 1 t toe in Choir lunch boxes p s uich and the white sauce can be prepared at school . 'This dish offers a good means of bringing e tittle milk into, the school lunch and gives the teacher a chance to show that other fats than butter can be used 111 cooking.' Any whole- some` fat—beef • drippings, chicken; or bacon :fat,can be used and skim, milk can be used in place of whole milk. Like potato salad, creamed pota- toes can be varied by combining • the potatoes ivitli other vegetables—peas, beans, carrots, turnips, and so forth. Curry powder gives variety . and is not unwholesome if used in very small amounts. Curried Vegetables 3 cups cold boiled potatoes cut into dice, 1 cup peas, carrots, turnips, or other cooked vegetables, 1 sliced onion, 1/4 cup fat, 14 cup flour, 2 cups milk, whole orskim, ,1/z level teaspoon curry powder,'1/,� level teaspoon salt. Cook the onion in the fat, being care - cook till the mixture thickens. Add more work. It may be said, there the vegetables and the seasonings fore, to have more energy or more and reheat. power stored up within it. As a rule, flavor however, even' in times of peace, it is Savory stews in which the thought much more economical to of a little carefully'browned meat and g of onion or other highly flavored use wood near the place where it is grown and to carry coal which is far vegetables is extended through a less bulkyto distant ,places where large amount of potatoes are too well known` to be described here. They fuel is needed. Foods of various kinds, milk, meat, are acceptable dishes on cold days at eggs, wheat, potatoes, apples; and school: others, are the fuels of the human ma So far we have spoken of the use chine. They burn' 'with'in it and pro- of potatoes as a means of saving vide it with the potv'er to walk, run, wheat. The intelligent child will be or to take long tramps as soldiers like,ly to ask why wheat should be often have to. Sonne are bulky and conserved rather than other Cereals, some are concentrated fuels and it is oats, corn, rice, and so .,forth. One the concentrated fuels that we are answer is that wheat can more con- trying to save, for transportation" as veniently be made into bread than the far as possible. others and most people •feel aggriev- An interesting class exercise can be ed unless they can have part at least made by asking pupils to pick out of their cereal food in this form. of from lists of foods those which pro- bread. They are willing to eat some vide the greatest amount of fuel or in the form of breakfast foods but energy per pound. not all. The time has come, unfort- There are many ways in which unately, when if everybody every- potatoes can be used in the school where is to have bread every day, we lunch—potato salad can be carried in in Canada, must economize on this tissues surrounding thein, their walls the lunch basket. This is easy to great breadrnaking cereal, wheat. are thinner and less resilient than for 'salad dressingcan al- The reason why wheat can be made those of. the arteries, and then v enous prepare, 3 ways be kept on hand and extra po- into bread mare easily than other circulation arrays has to work up hill, tatoes can be cooked when dinner is cereals is because it contains gluten, against gravity. t t s e For a partial safeguard they have prepared. A good class . exercise consists to valves' at short intervals" to prevent Great variety can be secured iii mashing ' the' gluten out of wheat d this tendency potato salad by varying the' fietoring .floor. Directions for doing this can hack -flow of the blood, t eat in those having weak material,. Almost any vegetable.'pe found in any good text book an being; g" tali be''combined with the potatoes. foods. foods. .-This might be`followed by an Iteauts, weak .or flabby tissues •and The egg -yolk and skim milk dress- effort to' find gluten in rice, corn flour who stand all day at their work. ing mentioned here offers a very good or in flour made from other cereals. In such people the veins gradually way to- use egg yolks which aye gond. It will be .a failure of course but it get dilated, the valves knotted. Some- times these veins get hard and thick, and the circulation makes new paths for itself, like a brook whose channel is obstructed.' Or the pressure of • the struggling blood -current forces the blood serum into the surrounding tis sues, malting them thick and hard un- til a slight injury or even continued' pressure results in the sluggish sore which may not heal. There may also be eczema or other asthma. Also, relief may be attain - skin eruption around the ulcer and ed by inhaling- the smoke from burn- there..may be haemorrhage from time ing stramonium leaves. ' Even in to time. haling simple steam will sometimes Sufferers from varicose veins tire I bring relief and break the spasm. r easily, and may be unable to do hard 1 But the most effectual relief is found 4+r " in a change of residence. w=ork, n V( •�' r ` .Ever. Bigger 4•r•uA,,, elartnoi: be •iised'-by illereaoiicig acretage ; 'Y. o to 'e of labor makes i a,;t't 1x so ibl , Gk -<w bigger' >� i�aQt L � 4 •R. ert�; s s� itritiut ixit.rsase<l L.A7."W, LA'BOR'or° SEED by using � IL IZER Dont ieperrd upon barnyard yard manure alone. Manure is valuable, herbs maintain`fertility--•-retiu•.ns part of the plant trot insufficient, It I s foods your crops extract. Additional supplies of plant food (Fertlltzer) must he added to your soil to grow more an your P1i.ES1 NT acreage. Experiments have shown,`'t'lrat the" Nitrogen in only 100 lbs, • fertilizer prcducodw,as t rnucli . as the l' ltrogen In 'a TON or; manure. A bushel of corn or wheat will buy more fertilizer new than before the war•, Fertilizers have advanced in pilee less than other commo chides, They pay better than ever, Write for nearest agent's address or ask for agency yourself. ONTARIO FERTILIZERS, LIMITED WEST TORONTO CANADA IS.WATCH TO ANY BOY FREE This "Railroad ,King" 'watch is an absolutely guaranteed timekeeper. It' is stem wind and stem set, double dustproof -back, nickel case. Regular man's size.. Send us your name and address and we will send you 35 Packages o! our lovely embossed Faster post cards to sell at 10 cents a set. (six beautiful cards in each • set)'., When soli send. us the money, and • wi will send you the watch, all charges prepaid, HOMER- ARREN 00.. DEPT. 42, TORONTO X GQOD ALTSQUESTION Sy Andrew F. Currier, M. D.' - Dr, Currier will answer all. signed letters pertaining to Health. If your question., is of general interest it will be answered through these columns;' If not it will be answered personally, If stamped, addressed envelope is en closed.. Dr, Currier will not prescribe for individual cases or make diagnosSL Address Dr. Andrew F. Currier, care of Wilson Publishing Co., 73 Adelaide West, Toronto. a Varicose Veins Among them are clerics, bookkeep- When a bunch of veins which have ers, house -servants and others who been inflamed and swollen break down and become a running sore, it is a yaricose ulcer. Varicose veins are simply enlarged, dilated and sometimes thickened vein's They may not cause very much trouble or. they may become inflamed and give rise to all the symptoms which attend the disease known as phlebitis. They may be—superficial orVdeep, or both, and when they are deep it noyance with a feeling o'f`inability to not easy to make the diagnosis, bear tele customary task. A number' of veins or only a single But even such cases must receive a caring as attention •or they will rebel and be one may be varicose.pP troublesome. dilated, knotted, bluish cords, some- The external support of a rubbber bandage, carefully wound from toes to -knee is most comforting to these men especially when the circula-, sufferers. do , p it should be removed and cleansed tion in the - veins of the abdomen is -j with an'antiseptic solution at night. impeded, for example, by the pees - and re-applied the next morning. sure of an abdominal tomer or a de If the veins are enlarged and pain= veloping child in the later months of ful, rest for a week or two, lying on, prV nos a couch by day, with the foot cle- Veins are poorly supported by the vated at least sex inches. Should• actual inflammation occur, rest in bed is imperative with eleva- tion of the foot and the constant use of antiseptic lotions. Should suppuration occur, the abs- cess must be freely opened and drain - The disease is a surgical'one and it. is very important that it should. be treated by one who understands its underlying principles. QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS. W. K., Jr. --Is there any{{'ore or re- lief that you know' of rein'asthma? Answer—There are many ways of relieving this annoying trouble, though the only way that I know of to care it is to change one's residence to an elevation of at least 2,000 feet. Cigarettes of cubebs, g rolled in nitrate of potash paper, are often used with relief when one has an attack of have little active, muscular work. Women who wear tight garters or lift heavy burdens often get varicose veins, also sufferers from obstructed circulation in any internal organs. Bear in mind also that inflamma- tion or abscess of the veins is always a possible consequence and the result may be painful, serious, or even dan- gerous to life. In the minor degrees, of this dis- ease theremay be only moderate an - times hard and sometimes soft. They are usually on thelower ex- trentities, but may extend to the ab - food for children. Egg Yolk and Skint Milk Salad Dress:- ing ress-ing ?/ tables 1 :+o. Rnful ,salt,: 1, tablespoon- ful sugar, 1/,r cup vinegar, 1;z tea- spoonful mustard,, 11/z cups ' of egg yokes and .slam milk (4 to 8 yolks, the rest .milk). • Rub together the dry 'ingred'ients so as to get tete lumps out. of the mustard. Add , the other in - will be enlightening. Many ways of using other cereals so -as to `reduce the amount of wheat bread needed will occur to mother and teacher. 'Boiled rice can easily be carried ,in: the lunch basket or pre- pared• at. school. When eaten with Milk; 'syrup,. honey or stewed dried fruits, it makes a good war -time dish. The rice saves wheat, the milk saves gredients and cook in a, double boiler meat, and the honey or fruits save till the mixture th'ielkens. cane sugar. rV trOlms CUT OUT AND FOLD ON DOTTED ,LINES =an Each day, with op ri:ukitng: can and"l,ose, Into the, garden Willie goes; .' •s -i, 1'coo Its. utou ht.Ctl � r;tri,w -like tl i� you 1 w, '!'hat Makes the 1` ovely 'flowers grow To preserve the color in black stockings, wash them with soap that is free from soda, and add a teaspoon fti:l of vinegar to the last rinsing wa- ter. Tomato seeds "may be started in the house the middle to the last of 1 February for' early plants. Keep the pleats growing slowly to make them low and stocky. Too much heat iviil' develop tall, spindling, undeeir- able plants. FREE to Boys or Girls :S:Ct110:G7G2 1..,9:0.°'x,5. CCIANT Terre uranisci ftaa all lettere fint'res, Period and. comma, Rubber type. strong and, duh-' ,+•biC, iron boXy.and a peat<ct ;Coed roller, (Ian beused tor' writing tetiera, .t,idrec- sing 0r(t•Clofes, bili -bends, trigs. er,. �Cr1.C4 05 your Name- :and adress and. we Wilt nehd you 3o packages o1' oar lovolY ethbossed Master Cpoatc5r0s, to ,tiled at 10. cent=s d 11asut.:SS•e ( 0 10v0t ' %'ar(l;'i in each PfivAal.;e)• 'Whoa sold wort ue I + money' (there dollars)'. and we wilt send you the lypowritcr,all charges prepaid.. •r',tr9121F IC.%4i.4,S,. ll,N, A03 V,. s0, 'SI'e. o7u'°.1','O Hogs as usual, only more so. Meat is needed, and it is not yet too late to breed sows for spring pigs. Sows that are bred now will farrow toward the last of June,—in time for the pigs to get the benefit of rape, soy -beans or other pasture. Late June pigs can be 'made to weigh 200 pounds before Christmas, if they are kept growing all the time, Satisfactory prices for hogs are certain. Should the war cease im- mediately there would still be a great demand for swine, because the coun- tries abroad whose herds have been depicted will need foundation stock with which to start again, Because of their prolificacy, hogs furnish the best means of relieving the present meat shortage. Two lit- ters can itterscan be produced in a year under most conditions, In four years the possible increase from one sow is 1,002 hogs. 0 This is based on the asaumps tion that the sow pi -pewees Lwo littera of six,»pigs'-each in' 'ry'e.ar, and that ',hail of the pigs are female;'# nrtd that each gilt should •tsntow when one year old and every six months 'i 5 '.eaftcr.