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The Exeter Advocate, 1918-2-21, Page 313y Agronomist. This Department is for the use of oil' farm readers who want the advice! of an expert on anyuestion regarding sell, seed, crops, etc. If your question is of sufficient o general Interest, it wlll,he answered through this column; If; stamped and addressed envelope is enclosed' with your letter, a complete. answer will be mailed to you. Address Agronornist, care oi' Wilson Publishing o', Ltd, 73 Adelaide, St W., Toronto. Growing Radishes es and Peas. In no other way can you show•your skill as a gardener so well as in the growing of pea;foct, crisp radishes in the minimum number of days. There are many crops which require to be "hustled," but none';of them requires more hustle than the raidsh, The composition of the radish is mostly water --the more water you get into it, and the less cellulose (which is: the vegetable fibre residue) the' -better and more crisp it will be, and to accomplish this requires that they be itept growing constantly from the tiine the seeds areP lanted until they are ready to pick. On the ,other <hand, crisp � radishes. cannot be grown in a heavy soil, nor one which is not kept to the proper de- gree of moisture. They require what we call 'a "cool" soil. • It should be rich to repletion, and composed very largely of decomposed vegetable mat- ter.. Experiments have shown that good radishes can, -be 'grown in coal ashes, as a base, with plenty of good well rotted manure, and the addition of commercial fertilizers. But it is .better to grow them in a light, mellow, rich soil. No green or unfermented manure should be used. Arrange for one pound of muriate of potash for a plot ten feet square, for, use When the young plants -show through the ground. This should be dissolved in water sufficient to give the soil along the drills a good in g. soak - How to Plant Radish Surrimer• radishes iiaterally fall into '':wo classes; the turnip shaped, and 3ie slender. In the former classwe have two divisions, the small "olive" er "button" radishes, which are the very earliest, and the true turnip shaped which conte later on in the season. The slender or, as they are sometimes called, "finger" ` radishes also some in early And 'late. Radish seeds are planted in two general ways. Ons is broadcast, which is a very wasteful • and ineffici- rent way, anti the other in drills. Radish 'seeds are not too small to plant -them single. With a little care ' this can be done, and an occasional one dropped in error, can be 'pulled out when, 'they, show through., the ground. Make the drills .by pulling. the dibble along the straight edge-, lightly, so as to make a drill not more than half an inch deep, just a trifle less will be better. Make the drills a foot apart for easy working, although if you make them in a double row to be worked by hand, six. inches will do for the early ones. Soil for Garden Peas Then let us have goodly row of garden peas; the dwarf ones for first early, the half dwarf for second and the tall ones for main' crop. These with succession planting will give peas to eat from the time the first ones are ready to pick in -sixty to sixty- five days until the heat of midsum- mer" makes their' growth " impractic- able. To get the fine results we desire with garden peas. they must have a mellow, loamy soil, well filled , with humus' .aird enriched' with, well -rot= r ted manure dug in the trench, and the f situation 'meat be one which will .f ' drain well, so ne peas of any icing known to 'our gardens will do well in soggy or swam i� . soil even though lY , they require a large supply of water..: As one gardener -put it, "They will not stand wet feet," • I Of the early peas we have two Glasses—the round -seeded and the . wrinkled, The former are from, three days to a aveek earlier than the: lat ter; and are, more hardy. However, most --persons consider the wrinkled Ones so much finer in (layer that they , are willing . to await the .few days necessary to get them, - The wrin- kled peas (those which have a wrin-_ kled seed) are .sweeter, have iiior segar. i•' g z in their composition and ro moz'e easily than the hard -seeded round ones, on which account the lat ter may be planted first. Arr wa w t3uneey Entuhif8h,, 15 Yo�tai� Duty --'Yo grow ail tura foodstuff possible a{1d to get, the best results, high gi ade seeds, such as BRUCE'S area necessity. aur Duty -To provide'suiiicient seed an OUR h� iigheeetg�grreddTe�'possible. VUR DU .!Y A AS DONE .. 0005 Y a 1918 Catalogue Is ready-112pagesPlants, Bulbs, sea y 1 of Sec;cl;,, 11,tri15, I i l.s, Implements and Poultry Supplies, TVortlz its weight in gold.. Free — Write for a: copy to -day,' pd' .1'. JOHN A, BRUCE CO., Limited Hamilton Canada-' HOOKY SKATES ik t'y� lv [ .0 lug tis'r ,, 1• 4A, h4 n wt�l, ,a r'+ r li 't�] . ? n rN 1 c ySnu FREE ' '.1'o any hay or girl wlio will sell 36 packages of our h.andsrome embossed Etaeste zPos.teardy net 10 cients a package (6 bovely cards in eec°l pacica,n, �,rb e Su14i1 iegetd a pair' of guaranteed double- ender. .Hockey Skates (any' size ' Rigidify buil•teo�f polished steel, 'Light weight,- .7 ) Send us your name; and we will send yoat the cards to sell, When solid sena us :the money, and we send you, the skates with all charges prepaid. HOMER -WARREN CO., 'DEPT. 38, TORONTO • Plant in Prepared Drills I would advise the beginner to await � QUI& �(7i,tION BOX �j theas li38 drained, e a• until soil is well mellow and easily worked,; and thenplant th wrinkled peas :Eor first early unless space is' large and he' desires to try both kinds. • Garden peas should be planted in prepared drills. As the early peas are either dwarf or half, -dwarf, there will be no need for supports to hold them. A good plan ie to plant them Diseases. and. hygiene of the Mouth. j . The water together, y secretion .and mucus three drills By Andrew F, Currier, M, 0, Dr, ,Currier will answer all signed "letters"pertainin to Health. If your question is of general interest it will be answered through these columns; If not It widl be answered personally, if stamjied, addressed envelope is en- closed. Dr. Currier will not prescribe for' individual cases or make diagnoses. Address Dr. Andrew F. Currier, care of Wilson Publishing Co., 73 Adelaide St. West, Toronto, allow ing the vines to mat together: This will pre- vent the stalks of the dwarf ones fall- ing down, which, especially'in wet weather, may Cause many, of the pods to rot. The early.peas, not having the large mass of roots that the later ones have, may be planted closer together. If you set three 'rows together make them six inches apart- and, the seeds two inches apart in the row. The half -dwarf, which niay reach a height of thirty inches, may be planted in a double row, the same distance apart, and the vines matted together as soon as .they 'throw out tentacles. This will obviate the necessity for sup - The aim should be in growin' peas to get them all cleared off the vines in not more than twee' pickings: Most of the seed efered for sale to -day is of strains which have developed this quality under selection. This makes the 'space occupied• by the early peas available for the use of later crops; Support the Vines Garden peas should have frequent cultivation and be kept free from weeds. The late•cnes will do best if mulched when the days get warm, in order to keep the roots cool. Any strawy litter will do for the mulching. Pet it on and between the rows and water freely. It will also keep down the weeds. There are a number of materials used` for supporting pea vines. The• originel•one was "brush," the twiggy branches of young trees, This is still by far the best. The use of strings, run from poles and brackets, is . a rather poor way to ' support the vines. When brush is used the rows- can- not be so close together as when.net ting is: used. With brush a good way is to plant the rows,eighteen .inches apart and set the brash be- tween. them, making a double row. he next row should be set three feet rom the first, and another double row ormed, and continue thus. w A high -producing dairy animal is 'a delicate and well balanced piece of ma- chinery, ansi consequently she cannot continue normal production if she " is exposed to severe winter weather. It is therefore essential that the discom- forts incident to cold weather be elimi- nated i:C possible. The comfortable cow will repay hi milk the necessary labor for her protection. Dairymen as a rule are more careful With their cows than the average farmer who' merely produces the milk for family use.: ' (lows frequently refuse to drink the water in an icy trough. A cow must be thirsty, indeed,' before she will fill herself with freezing water. It is - necessary, in view of the fact that milk contains about eighty-seven per cont, water, to warm the drinking wa- ter for dairy cows if the highest pos- sible production, is to be maintained. unless the cow drinks a sufficient quantity of water, her milk : produc- tioe will diminish, and. she will not drink enough : unless. it is warm. Suitable shelter. from cold rains and raw winds' is another comfort which the cow will repay in milk. A suiricient quantity of nourishing Ia I'd is, of epurse, a prime requisite if cows are expected to Continue .to produce iniik after: freezing weather :ekes killed ,pastures, " Corn stover and oat straw will hardly supply suf- ficient nutrients to maintain aver"age production. . Sect; and freezing .trains cause inse- eure footing, and careHshould be used in turning cows out of the barn: Ice at the doorway should be covered with cinders to prevent `slipping. Do not hurry the animals and cause undue crowding. A slip and fall. on the ice can readily result in injury to or loss of a valuable cow.. These things have been said often but they bear repetition when the cold Weather comes with accompanying 'discomforts. While they apply more specifically to the dairymen, it is well for 'all- farmers to heed these sug- gestions and endeavor to keep all, cows in milk to help increase the food supply for this 'winter. ee odir Healthy hens -are not only on the job when there is something to eat, butts they produce the eggs. To get ipaximnm results from the laying flock, it is necessary to' keep a con- stant lookout for the ,health of the hens. If one gets sick, it had better be removed entirely from the flock. Over -crowding is one of the evils to be guarded against, Each hen should not only have plenty of yard space, but their roosting` room should, not 'be , crowded. If the hens get over -heated upon, the roosts then rush out into: the cold for their feed, evil, results will 'undoubtedly follow, The poultry house should afford ample shelter and protection from the ele- neents, but must, trot be too warm. "they require 'plenty &l .fresh air and'• should have clean surroundings, The feed- yard and roosting rooms should be kept clean :sand sanitary.. Fresh straw should be put in the nests. Give their. clean water, and Wholesome feeds,' together with fresh dust baths and feed litter, then their' good health will be assured and the egg baskets well filled. i2. This subject includes many impor- tant .• diseases, particularly such as are common in children, and notably diphtheria, influenza, tonsilitis'i1 ade- noids and all varieties of sore throat, also diseases of the tongue; teeth, lips, gums, - tonsils and salivary Mouth diseases of adults are less numerous than those of children but are often of grave significance Cancer of the lip, tongue or ton- sil, is not infrequent; sores of the mucous, nembrance are the: common characteristic of syphilis; suppura- tion, bleeding gums -and loosened teeth, are the marks of Riggs' dis- ease; and many victims of auto-in- toxica:tion have abscesses of the roots of their teeth upon which great stress has been laid in recent times. • Repulsive odor of the breath is familiar enough;' evidence of diseased teeth and gums, of decomposing=food in the mouth or of 'imperfect, mas- tication and disordered digestion. Some of these diseases originate in, the mouth; and others are symptom- atic:of disease elsewhere in the body. Cancer of .the lip, tongue, or: ton- sil originates there, but fever blister's on the tongue or lips may be `one of. the accompaniments of indigestion or grippe or 'scarlet or typhoid fever. If we know the eause of a disease, we may be able totreat it success - 'fully, or, better still, prevent -it. Be- cause we do not with certainty know the cause of cancer, is one reason why we do not treat it 1norn' slic- cessfully, Bad Hygiene of the home, poor nu- trition, "neglect- -:of the teeth, indiges- tion and many other causes will re- sult in- decay • of the teeth and dis- eases of the . gums and other tissues of the mouth. There are many bacteria in the mouth, some are harmful, others are not. In' the presence of ' decayed teethand1 decomposed and fei•men�- ing food, ,they are always waiting to jump in and produce disease in the Host and throat furnish splen- did media for their multiplication and it is by this means that grippe, tonsilitis, laryngitis, diphtheria, pneumonia and many other diseases are c used, the bacteria extending as, they multiply and anally producing the disease peculiar to the dominant variety. The hygiene of the mouth from in- fancy to old age is- a matter of the greatest importance. The " baby's mouth must be, kept clean and sweet with a soft rag and boric acid solo- tion, from the day of his birth.' Children should be' taught the use of the tooth -brush and the moutha. wash as, soon as the teeth appear. Simple powdered chalk asa denti- frice, and boric -acid solution as a mouth. -wash, are all that is needed. and they are inexpensive, Adults should not only use the tooth -brush, but .an antiseptic ,paste or powder and an. antiseptic solution for zinging and gargling. This will .'mean better teeth, bet- ter health and -an absence:: of offen- QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS Mrs. E. S.-1. Can one have gall- stones without fever or loss of weight? 2: Will it help to take a bottle of fruitola on the chanee that one has gallstones? Please don't tell me to _see my' doctor, for I have no funds: -Answer-;l.*yes, it is entirely pos- sible. L'. 1should say it would not. ,Thy load 'yourself up with medicine' of problematic- value and for a con- dition which may not exist. 0. R. K. --What is the cause of low blood pressure v,rith `rinlcen eyes, and what will improve the situation? Answer—Many causes are possible, perhaps it is aneaniia. If that is the case, you might '• be '"benefitted by an abundance ,of food, especially milk, out of door exercise, and perhaps by a good preparation" of iron. It is a patriotic duty of every su- r gar bush owner to produce every pound of syrup or sugar he possibly can during this crisis, Combined with this duty will be the very agree- able'retiu•n which will result from the. labor for the sale of the syrup or• su- gar, for there tan he no such' thing as. an over -production of maple pro- in;iurious insects; •ducts durin.g•the duration of the war 'I, EF TO �p�y rc lav EIC))'S MODEL", STEAM ENGINE /tuns - 111:0 . �t"v spun tin steam 41rd making' aS znurb *uaa as th9urh 11 ere ran- ging tho'eleuttiC light ulnnt iu 1`001 toii-n, Has bra:$ 1sijire`re2 boner, with r5t a f e ;: x valve, blued steel tiz'e- box, with Spirit burax- errs. and bleed steel • ehinluce, All rurixaina germ o es quality metal.. rip rr t f best INTr N -i `� 'ION A'L LESSON, h1:,tftJARY 24. Lesson VIII. — Jesus Teaching Parables: The Growth ,.Of The Kingdom --Mark : 4. 21-34. Golden Text, Iso. II, 9. Verse 21, The crudest form of lar used' by the peasants is a terra -co saucer with its' edges pinched Loge �l er, to make place for the wick. Lig is not to be covered -up, but to'be s forth: The word giVen by the 'M ter is riot to be kept in secret, but,. be sent abroad to others. The thin of the. Kingdom are not mysteries be hid away, they ` are nota secre which may not be understood. `- On Ids li eta ', `is �•�� 1 nr ti , sena us your Hama 1 mt _ -� and wo will send 'you ht In pac,cares of: Dur beautiful embossed et Faster Pgst. Cards to` sell ai 10 cerin, u Ma race age. When sold send tis the ,money and :' 's will send you the engine, charges to OTo}iglu• s HOMER -WARREN C i. to DEPT. 37 TORONTO is the contrary, they are to be ma known for the illumination of me "Ye are the light of the world." TI Christian life is not to be cloisterocci, i but to shine forth. Not a nunnery 1 or a monastery, but the highways of Careroof the Feet. de 5. fi l 10 inen is the place for a Christian di ciple.' • 22. That, it should be manifested- Truth is for great ends. Eve, to i 'z a it is to come forth so that the wor may share in the revelation.' Th nianifesta,tion is not sudden, bu silent and gradual, from a faint glo on the horizon, until the heavens • ar with the light. 24. Take heed' what ye hear—1 you wish, to know the mysteries o the Kingdom give careful attencio to the word'that is taught you, an be not inconsiderate or thougities hearers_ 2a. -He that hath to him shall •i, given—This is a fundamental lacy o the Kingdom.' Knowledge grow from more to more. The gift of in sight, when' used;. brings larger ir, sight, while failure to seek to know leads to the" blunting.' and deadening of the power to' perceive the truth The only condition for knowledge o the truth is seeing,. knocking, asking and ever searching. Thus there "i; an ever increasing richness in the Iif of the inquiring soul. A man wh has much knowledge will be con tinually adding .' to that knowledge and on the other" hand, he who ha but little, unless he add to it his stor will tend to•decrease. 216 As if a'man should cast seed upon the earth -This parable is pe culler to Mark. The> interest centres here in'the seed, which has life in it- self and will produce according to it own laws if only it be given an op portunity . 27; 28. Should sleep and rise nigh and day—He. has done all he can Qb when he casts' the ,seed into the soil and can now only go about his-usua duties, leaving the seed to mature, t the sun, air, and ram. 29. When the fruit is ripe=When the process is completed, conies the harvest. Thus the kingdom; of God grows, silently, secretly, by orderly and successive stages,.a spiritual ordez moving according to its own ' laws and reaching marvelous results. 30. How shall we liken -All na- ture may be laid under tribute to il- lustrate'' the ` spiritual -movement of the kingdom of God' anti become full of symbols of spiritual realities. We are not to think of the natural world and the spiritual world as two sepa- rate and.distinct kingdoms. Rather the `entire universe is spiritual in that back of all is God, who is not out- side of nature, but present in his world, overseeing the steady develop- ment of his kingdom. 81. Like a grain of mustard seed- In the earth. In Matthew the seed is sown' "in his field" (13. 24).'In Luke, "in his garden" (13. 19). The seed is not indigenous to the' soil, but it conies from without the soil. The kingdom of. God is not of human origin, though the olivine gerrn must develop in human life and civilization; Less than all the seeds—With the Jews "small as a grain of mustard. seed" was an expression for some- thing exceedingly small. The ordinary mustard plant as we, know it is seen to -day in the fields about the sea of Galilee, • 32. Great branches --This mustard, plant, however, must be different rom the plant described in the text. ome writers tell of a mustard tree. n Judea which attains to a great eight, "as tall as the horse and his ides." 33, Manysuch parables --Of which Mark gives us only -a selection. Small ` in its beginnings, silent and gradual in its unfolding, great in its consummation—like the Mustard seed -such is the kingdom of God. They were not to despise the insigni- ficant beginnings, for great was to be the future of the'small:rseed placed in the human soil by the divine.Sower, What madness to send forth. a group unletteredpeasantsto conquer of c giei the. world! Yet, behold to-day,',the out- spreading branches of the kingdom of God 15 the earth! 34, Without a parable spate he not unto them ---Not that he limited himself thereafter to parabolic teach- ing, Expounded—How careful • he was that they should understand his great mission! . Yet, they did not and could'not fully grasp the. signi- ficanee of his wonderful message. "0 1, fools and `slow 'of heart to believe" was the language he used even, drrur in;g the last few days he was with them. it was at this same interval that he said to them, "I have 'matey thiegs to say unto you, but ye can- not bear them now." They were to Wait for another expounder, the Holy Spirit, who was to take up his mes- sage olid show them its ' snprenre sigatfi,ce nce , 5" Every farmer should .understand the important relation existing be- ; tween the feet of his horses and their ld value to him as working machines. is. He should watch them carefully and t exercise every precaution possible to w keep them in first-class condition. re .,-• A horse's s hoof corresponds in a gen- eral way to the toe and finger nails of human beings, It is made up of a f corneous material that protects the n more sensitive parts of the foot from S'! injury. Like the finger nails of some people, some horses'' hoofs have a ten- e dency. to dry out and become hard and f brittle, thus breaking and cracking, s w-hi.le others are tough 'and resistant -Ito wear. The value of the animal is - largely determined by the kind and character of his feet` or hoofs, arid. no two horses have hoofs exactly alike.. On`an average, a horse's hoof grows , about:one-third of an inch a month, some faster and some slower. The • e hind hoofs grow faster than the fore o hoofs, and unshod ones grow faster than those that are shod. The.toe. 9 of° the.hoof will grow down in ` from e nine to twelve- months, depending on its length, the quarter in from six to eight months, and the"heel infroni three to four months. Some hoofs grow irregular and must be given at- tention from time to time, In unshod s horses and colts it is often necessary' - to , trim off the uneven edges'with a t knife and rasp to prevent breaking and cracking. Colts should always be given plenty •of exercise'on dry y I ground so their hoofs will wear off oveven. Foul stables will do much to ruin a young horse's feet.; Horses are shod principally to pro- tect -their feet from wear and to in crease their efficiency as beasts of burden. Shoes should be renewed as often as necessary and: they should be designed to fit the particular needs of each animal. A good farrier is one anatomy of, the foot and knows how best to correct its imperfections, who thoroughly understands the f Fcw people ,i ealize that our songS 'birds, or in ectivorotrs birds , are a r real asset and. will do as much as any other thing to" help us win the war, by r protecting our crops and gardens fr•oni i. r 14 .6413 CUT OOT AND FOLD ON DOTTED ,LINES �mAmusZnlgrtas,iu:..�.lam6 �•,va.,�,,',�w2s,,.v�.ncti7pdmpec:�,un49u'�mm,+�vncda6ams"�Ra9tl�o Cnaaa�r,^.•�taxxmmaaiw,ksminrpusx�n+a.�v�av` kwr,�xrwra•,Qaafxa+Ftixi�cic �aar.•.,cw.ma3,p,,"��q�gattn ;1, a a' , 1 1 d ra K !•,)lr(r 4, �IY3 r F u l flozne, 4y'illir a this will never, do, We'.l.l liiivt rio''9irarrelhere 'with Suri; ;Pots "1131 yob's+ very Sou:y, then Co kiss her .utld be bleeds again. A Floral Umbrella. one of -tile prettiest garden growths seen last; year was e Michaelmas daisy. Its main branch was tied to a stake, laterals removed and the up- per brandies trained upon: an old enthrone frame, which it completely concealed.' The pendulous branches were ropes," of little; eoscs with large golden eyes and finely 'cut 'pctalagc an inch in diameter.: The 'Typewriter. About as useful a present as a .par- ent could make to a six-year-old boy or girl is a second-hand typewriter;, both from a standpoint of amusement and education. With a typewriter a child learns to spell, read and compose sentences without knowing it the element of interest is added to learning, which is the very best kind of education, be- cause it develops the will, the desire to do, along with the development of the intellect. Then another thing, t It 'rt e -. writer• is to -day a universal inipleinent in business, and it is becoming to be so on the farm and in the household.' The typewriter is simply a device. for more efficient expression and by its use the facilites of efficient expres- sion will, become more universal. Many classes of men of good educa- tion and of fine training, both in mind and hand, are denied an extended facility of expression by reason of the fact that they do not write ligibly often tulles the very nature of their training and employment prevent the skilled use of the pelf or pencilin writing. FREES To GIRLS BIG DOLL AND f. DOLL CARRIAGE This :Big 11011 is '15 inches tall,` h a s jointed legs and arms and 'natural head, handl a n d feet, The Doll Car- riage has Steel tranie and Wheels arid , the seat, bacic anti "liood ;ire 'Made of leatherette, it is 24 inches High an& is lust the right `si;ae for the 1?i,r, Doli:: JYtat' send' us 3"otrr name and dddress and we will send • y'ou toe 'paoka.aes of our lordly embpp0s c1 1;f "tet' 1loetga,rds tci cell t.t :i0 ernes a . oar3Cttue '(1'Lovely cardsin each age), 'When 'when t11ey are sold send us our 010013 (three doilars) and w'C wall ,and -P 300 tba i13ig D, wh 511 uharaas ore- ty&.id, and: fit+e will alsoitsand 3'OU :alio :loll C,a.rrtage ;without any ebarur, If you will show a'our Doll to your Erie iris 111,1 gels'., just three ee b1 them to sell our cardiae and earn prizes too. Sand Udg y'otrr: manse and address" to deyy so yon57 get. i`:out ,101i,,anci DISoll C10Sr_t)ltl qufck1Y. }otngr Waxililrta 0o pauy daelii„ 31.1 '1.0.1t0 ;.4910,