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The Exeter Advocate, 1917-4-26, Page 6oe Pl ew Ai*R.111. 14, Conducted by Professor Henry G. 134. The service of our farm t read department advice of placeo of nacknowl edged authority an all subjects pertaining to soils and crops; Address all questions to Professor Henry G. Bell, In care of To ecnto,and answerr3 wljblappear In thisycolmn Limitedn� he order in which they are received, Aa space is limited it is advisable where immediate reply is necessary that a stamped and addressed envelope be enclosed with the question. when the answer will be mailed direct.: .• Question—G,11„:—If I plow in a full crap of clover, would I have to do this in the summer to get the full benefit of it, or would it be as good if I let it grow ort till the fall? Or, on the other hand, would it be as good if I tools a crop and plowed in theafter- math? I have no stock except fowls and two horses, therefore little stable manure. However, I intend touse. a lot of phosphate. Answer:—At the present price of food and its universal scarcity in most sections, ,'would advise G. H. to feed, the first crop of clover and plow in the aftermath. If he does not have en- ough stock to consume the clover it, will pay him to make the hay and sell it, and to buy feed and plantfood in the form of fertilizers. Since he has. 1;ttle manure I would: advise him to use a fertilizer: containing 2 to 4% ammonia, 8 tol2%phosphoric acid,and if he inter -ds to plant potatoes, truck or root crops, from 1 to 3% potash. This will supplement the plantfood in the soil and that turned under in his clover. It is very questionable, and especially at the present price of practically all farm feed and produce, if anyone can plow under a full crop of clover or any other cover crop, for that matter. Apply the fertilizer at the rate of 200 to 400 lbs. per acre. Question—H. B.: --What distance apart -should the rows of Indian corn be planted and what distance in the roles? How many kernels should be put in a hill? I wish to get as much ripened corn as possible. Answer:—The farther south we go the farther apart the rows of corn That some source of sediment in milk does obtain even under the most rigid conditions possible In a cow stable is evident from an examination of any sediment disk through which the average milk has been passed, and there is no doubt that thorough straining will add to the cleanliness of the product even after all possible precautions have been taken. The presence of slime in the separator bowl after skimming is another sign that some dirt has found its way into the milk between the time of its se- cretion and its arrival in the machine, provided the receiving or supply can has been clean up to the time when separating started. The separator no doubt removes a great deal of the foreign matter that occurs, but is incapable of throwing out much of the undesirable bacteria that accompanies the dirt which en- ters the milk at milking, time, so the importance of cleanliness . in caring for the cow and for the milking uten- sils is very great indeed. The assurance that milk delivered at the dairy, where pasturization takes place, is free, or reasonably free, of sediment, should be worthy of con- sideration onsideration by the wholesale purchaser who, tin his turn, should reap a bene- fit from the ultimate consumer to whom he can guarantee this milk as h :ving been clean, and thus safe from the time it leaves the cow's udder un- til it arrives at the consumer's resid- ence. The farmer's part of the undertak- ing to supply pure, wholesome milk must start with the taking of pre- cautions previous, even to the secre- tion, of the milk. He should satisfy himself fully that his cows are entire- ly healthly;, and in order that the small a moue tf o dust that willin- evitably ' - evitably get into the milk pail may be as harmless as possible, he must provide for a plentiful supply of sun- light in his stables; Then if the cattle are always kept as clean (or a little cheaner) all telrear round, as they would keep 'themselves on a good, well -drained pasture field, and the milkers obliged to wear well - washed clothes, and take a bath fre- quently, the chances of the milk being satisfactory are pretty good. Of course, aeration of the milk and thor- ough cooling must also be attended to. YSmall Fry. The teacher believed in keeping the youngsters in touch with the history of the times, and was beginning a les- son upon the Russian Royal Family, "low v ho cin ' tell me what the Russian monairch is called." "The. Czar," bellowed the class. "Right! Ancl what is his wife call- ed?" There' was a pause; then two or three ventured: "Tile Czarina." "Good!" Said the "Now I Wonder if you know what the Cza., •s children are call.id," A longer" pause; th,.n one little voice piped: "Czar dines!„ To save labor in building roads a cart has been invented that spreads stone evenly as it is dumped. and the greater the distance between the hills. For instance, in the South- ern part of the United States " the ,rows are frequently five feet apart and four `feet between the hills : As we come North this is reduced to at least°,•36 inches and some men even' plant closer. The number• of kernels to the hill and the distance apart depends very; largely on the type cf corn and the fertility of the soil; ordinarily the richer the soil the closer the corn can! be planted, H. B. says he wishes to get as much ripened corn as possible. If he .does not care for the size of ears he can't plant much closer than if it is large, ears that he desires. The Nebraska Experiment Station, U. S. A, found i. that 3, 4 cite 5 stalks to a hill gave practically the same yield but the weight of ears was less with four than with three and still less with five,. than with four. One ,slant to the hill i gave but two-thirds as much corn as did three plants; Two plants gave 10 bushels less to the acre than did'• 3, 4 or 5. The, corn was planted in hills three feet eight inchAs apart each way. I would recommend that H. B. plant his corn 36 inches apart each way, un- less the soil is extremely fertile when. he might plant a little closer, and plant three to four kernels to the hill. If he wishes to drill it, the stalks should be ten to twelve inches apart in the ro c, unless the soil is exceptional- ly fertile, when this distance may be. reduced to 8 to 10 inches. I 010# Sell off all hens in their third year, as soon as the rush of laying is over. The last call for hatching is now on. Chick's hatched after thefirst week in May cannot be expected to prove good winter layers. Brood chicks that are closely house- ed and fed too heavily are very likely to develop weight too fast in propor- tion to their strength. It will cost the farmer no more money to raise pure-bred poultry than it will to grow stubs. Turkeys do best when kept separ- ate from. chickens. If the two are kept together the turkeys are likely to take chicken. diseases. Dampness, lice and filth are deadly foes topoultryof any kind. Since hens onrange produce more eggs at a lower cost and fewer: young hens die than do those kept in con- finement, poultrymen are urged to pro- vide outside yards with plenty of green feedfor laying hens. Hens on range produce 15 to 44 per cent, more eggs at •a feed cost of 15 to 36 per cent. less per dozen than hens kept in confinement. In Spring fowlsrequiremore care- ful attention than at any time in the year. All the accumulated debris of winter lies on the surface. Then comes a warm spell, and the surface of the ground gets muddy, while the filth of winter sticks to everything that touches it, This is the time to keep the hens dry and to give them straw to stand on and to work in dur- ing the day. mime There are two forms of strangles or distemper, viz., regular and irregular. strangles . The symptoms of regular form are: cough, unthriftiness, fever, difficulty in swallowing, nasal dis- charge, swellings between jaws or about throat, which form into absces- ses. In irregular form the same symptoms occur, with less difficult breathing, and the abscesses may 4,orrn any place, externally or intern - "Attend to nternallAttendto co f m ort,apply poultices of I antiphlogistine to throat, lance ab- scesses as soon as ready, give 2 or 3 drams hyposulphite of soda out of a spoon 3 times daily, do not drench. If breathing becomes very difficult send for veterinarian. Go easy with. the horses at the start and, see that collars fit. Mares in foal should beive r g n esu- lar work but not overwork. Farre horses usually could haul larger loads on the country roads if waggon tires were wider, and less damage is clone to roads by wide tires. Different horses require different kinds of foods, the seine as different .people; Study each horse and see' what kindsof food he clow best on. It is a lot better an 1 cheaper to feed and care for stock so ,;hat thewill he 3r in good health, than toAply docto . to get -them basic to the • ne . stairdA . ' . a ter 1 they once get down. di l `i UIQKCRQWiNOESEEDS Early Valentine Bush. Beans, ready to pick in 35 days, 4 ozs. 15c, Ib. 40c Early Model Blood -red. Table Beet „ ..Pkg. 10c, oz. 20c, 4 ozs. 50c First and Best Cabbage, solid. heads Pkg, 10c, oz, 30c, 4 ozs, 90c Early Gem Red Table,Carrrot ,,,,,,,,,,,,,,Pkg. 5c, oz, 25c, 4 ozs, 65c Citron for Preserving, red seeded , , , , • , . , Pkg. 5c, oz•' 15c, 4 ozs, 40c Early Malcolm Sweet Table Corn Pkg, 10c, Ib. 40c, 5 lbs, $1:90 Prize Pickling Cucumber (great cropper) ..,Pkg. 5c, oz. 20c, 4 ozs, 50c, Earliest Wayahead Head Lettuce , , , , , ". .Pkg. 10c, oz, 30c, 4 ozs, 90c Early Hackensack (Sugar) Musk Melon Pkg. 5c, oz. 20c Richard Seddon Bush Garden Peas 4 ozs, 15c, Ib. 40c, 5 lbs.` $1.75 Select Yellow Dutch Onion Setts Ib.' 35c, 5 lbs, $1.70 Earliest Scarlet Olive Radish , . , , , , Pkg,` 5c, oz• 10c, '4 ozs, 30c Extra Early` Milan Turnip (earliest grown) Pkg. 5c, oz, 20c, 4 ozs. 50c Giant White Feeding Sugar Beet; for cattle, , ... , ..: , .. , ,4 ozs. 15c, I/2 Ib. 25c, ib, 45c, Rennle's Giant Yellow Intermediate Mange! %2 Ib, 26c, Ib, 45c Rennie's Derby Swede Turnip, for stock feed % ib, 37c, Ib• 70c Improved Jumbo Swede Turnip (Elephant) V2 ib, 37c, lb, 70 Rennie's Kangaroo Swede Turnip (very hardy) Ib, 35c, Ib. 65c High Grade Compton's Early. Yellow Flint Seed Corn Bus. $3.25" 5 bus: for $16,00, High Grade White Cap Yellow Dent Seed Corn Bus, $2,75 Earliest Six Weeks Seed Potatoes Peck $1.00, bus• $3,50 Extra Early Eureka Seed 'Potatoes Peck $1.00, bus. $3;50 Seed Corn and Potato Prices do NOT include freight charges. Pakro Seedtape. "You plant it by the yard." 2 pkts. for 25c. Ask for descriptive list. Rennie's Seed Annual Free to All. Cotton bags 30c. each extra. Older through your LOCAL DEALER or direct frosts Wm• RENNIE Co., Limited U RENN1E9e ��D mIng and Market Sts., r k s , To onio Also at MONTREAL WINNIPEG VANCOUVER 2 INTERNATIONAL LESSON APRIL 29. Lesson V. Jesus Welcomed As King —John 12. 12-26. Golden Text—John 12. 13. Verse 12. The common people (mar- gin) --John is sharply distinguishing the masses from the "classes. 13. The branches—Specially as- sociated with Tamernacles, the most joyous of the ,Feasts. Hosanna— Save! (Psa. 118. 25), a prayer ad- dressed to God`. It had come to be used rather like our "Hurrah!" but with a religious tone, like "God bless you!" He that cometh -The Messianic name, In the name—Join with Bless- ed. 14. Found—Mark tells us how. This. was a case of deliberate fulfillment of prophecy: he would claim before the people the peaceful royalty that the animal suggested. The horse being the symbol of war—it was used for nothing else -the ass represented peace: there is no suggestion of lowli- ness about it, however true it is that he came in humility (Matt. 21. 5). 15.. See Zech. 9, 9. The context is all concerned with the abolition of war: Is 1.ot this the kind of "Second. Coming" that we are called to think and pray and work for 7' It is an in- tensely practical ideal -which is more than can be said for some "Second Advent" dreams. 16. Glorified—For John this "glory," or complete self -revelation,, culminates on Calvary. 17. ' The crowd that saw fhe great: Sign is busy telling those who had not seen it. 19, Here is the turning point of the story. The Pharisees are every- where the Lord's real enemies, who won their purposes by making the powerful but apathetic hierarchy do their foul work for them (John 11. 47- 53), Here they are pictured as in despair. No more vivid evidence could be given of the completeness of his triumph. They little knew that the appalling deed they contemplated was to be the Divine way of truly.enthron- ing him over the world—a vaster world than they could see! The man who keeps cows is well fix- ed for raising hogs. Hogs will eat alfalfa hay, and pay well for it, „ Tlra' was proved the past winter on, ,many farms where economy was practised.by substitut- ing hay for part of the corn and tank - a1 ge or other millfeed which it was customary to feed It is essential that the brood sow be fed a well balanced, succulent, nutri- tious, milk -producing ration while suckling the litter, : Dairy - by -pro- f ducts, such as skim -milk, buttermilk or whey together with meals such as shorts, ground oats, barley, oil cake and the like, are all ,.highlysuitable for the feeding of the sow at this sea- son. These are also splendid feeds for the litter at weaning' time. If dairy by-products are not available, digester tankage may to sone extent supplement these .feeds. Kitchen slops, ground barley and shorts' formed the greater' part of the ration of a pig which took first prize at a recent. show: The pig had the run of an alfalfa pasture, with a stream at the foot of the hill in the same lot. The Height of Boastfulness. "Isn't Blower inclined to be just a little boastful?" "Boastful? Well, I guess yes. Af- ter a beggar has touched Blower for 'a nickel, he will tell you that he has just been giving a little dinner to an acquaintance of his." , SWEET : CHERRIES: S OILS AND VARIETIES. G. A. Robertson, l Sweet cherries are yearly increasing s g in popular favor; and this popular. favo_ will increase or diminish only as I' the product put on the market is good, thereby increasing the demand; or poor, thereby decreasing the-consump- ticer• Not many years ago the sweet and so-called sour varieties were mar- ! keted at practically the same price per basket; the sweets are much ,more dif- ficult to produce and to market than the commor, or sour varieties; and an im- petus was given to planting the sour ! cherry at the expense of the sweet; since Hien the sour cherries have de- ' creased steadily in price and the sweet have increased until now a sweet cherry, or.:chard i:i full bearing is a de- cided asset to any farm. I Location: Sweet cherries should be planted on a deep, dry, well drained soil. No other tree fruit will re- spond any better to good treatment, but planting on an unsuitable soil is 4'disastrous, and a wet subsoil will prove fatal. Therefore, when choos- ing a location, a high, dry, sandy, or gravelly knoll is best, and a propsr system of underdrainage will prove beneficial, Close proximity to a town where a requisite number' of good pick,'. ers may be had, and frequent and rapid shipping facilities is desirable, Sweet cherries gloom very early, aryl rg in the last few years frons say as earlyas the 23rd of v1: til snd p , sometimes as late as the 10th o:C M 1•y. Most of our popular varieties bloom St. Catharines. heavilyset and ,.Feely; when in full bloom a few hours of hot sunshine as- sisted by the presencs of myriads of bees will set a fair crop. This may. be followed by a week or ten days of cold wet weather, with`. perhaps a few degrees of frost, but if properly set the calyx of the blossom forms a lit- tle blanket to protect the tender fruit, and this drops only as the cherry swells or as the stem of the irriproper ly fertilized fruit, shrivels and drops; • hence planting an orchard near a body of water which will modify the tem- perature, emper•at ire, will often insure. 'a ciao p when a few miles inland the few de- grees difference in temperature may shorten it materially, if not,destzoy- ing it entirely for the season. Varieties: In "choosing the varieties from a commercial standpoint, annual hearing is the most desirable, and coupled with this a fruit that, is good, size, color and flavor and also good in shipping quality. The tree should be a rapid grower; sti•oni, and hardy: The varieties that so for 1 have trie1l, thet conform to this Sear (lard named in the. order of ripening are: Blacic Tartarien Napoleon Bigarreau (white), Eikho and 1,Vindsor. 1 have ,also fruited Lambert which ripens after the Wind- sor, and is promising, being_ of good si;.e and 111V'ir. and I many also acid Bing, both of these being grown, in the the latter ripening" aboi11 th Same time ar. 1 1 •1 f. Elkhorn, is an excel- lent! °fi` vor d eh Concal!e2'edi! & Pbso .%(e&[ ..L lw Mothers and daughters of all ages are cordially invited to write to tl•11s department, initials only will be pubiished with each question and its answer as a means of identification, but full name and address must bo Elven in each letter. Write on one side of paper only. Answers will be mailed direct if stamped and addressed envelope Is enclosed, Address all correspondence for this department to Mrs. Helen Law, 235 Woodbine Ave,, Toronto. A. M. S.:-1. In the vacant spots in Your flower border plant perennial phlox in white, pink and yellow. They like the sun. It is always wisest to buy large plants. 2. Spraying is the best way to water plants. This not only keeps them clean, but, as you know, plants absorb moist -tie through the pores of their leaves, and they are therefore much benefitted by spraying, 3. Dahlia roots should not be put into the ground until the weather is settled and the ground warm. They are very liable to rot in wet and cold ground. 4. Did you ever try cannas for the large bed in the centre of your lawn? Can- nes being large plants need space to show up to the best advantage, and require very rich loamy soil and heat. The flowers are very showy, but are not suitable for cutting as they are so: tender and easily bruised. If the bed is eight or ten feet in diameter, place a ricinus (castor oil plant) in the centre, surround with two circles of cannas, say, the inner circle .Ding Humbert, outerAlphonse Bouvier; and geraniums for the base or outside circle. As the canna is a tender plant it cannot be transferred to the permanent bed before June lst, It flowers during July, August and Sep- tember. Be careful to cut out all dried blooms and seed pods. It en- courages freer blooming. K. Mel,: -1• Here is a remedy for brittle nails which I hope you will find effective Oil of pistache, 1/2 ounce; refined table salt, Ye dram, powdered resin, 1/ dram; powdered '< alum, 1/2 dram; white wax, 11/., drams; carmine, 11/4 drams: Rub well into the nails at bedtime, also after bathing the hands: • 2. Lotion for red, oily nose: Sulphur precipitate, 1 dram; spirits of camphor, 1 dram; glycerine, 1 dram; rose water, 4 ounces: After bathing. the nose in very hot water, mop the lotion on with absorbent cotton. 3. The amount of water required by the body daily is sufficient to balance the loss through the si.-in, kidneys, lungs and other exceretory organs. This has been shown to be about two and one-half quarts, the amount` depending much upon the temperature of the air. and the amount of work done. Part of this water is derived from the food. 4. A good ointment for dry skin is made of lanolin, two ounces; boyo - glyceride, one ounce; cold cream, six ounces. 5. Whether one should drink hot or cold water before breakfast de- pends upon whether the gastric juice is too acid or not sufficiently acid. If one's stomach does not make enough hydrochloric acid, she should drink a little cold water half an hour before meals, because this will stimulate the gastric glands. If one alas too much acid she should take a glassful of hot water half an hour before eating: ii. M.:—If your little girl's school reports are not so good as you would like, the reason iriee lie in her physical condition. It not at all likely that she is wilfully •lazy and inattentive. The first step would be to have the family physician i rake an examination for eye defects, adenoid growths, den- tal diseases, and things of that kind. If she is free from these, it will be necessary to look elsewhere for the cause of her failure to do well at her studies. In the first place, is she pro- perly nourished? Does she take just the right quantity of food at meals and of the kind suited to her age?" She should not be permitted to nibble be- tween meals or to have too much candy. Too much food causes poison- ing of the brain, while too little or of unsuitable variety causes the brain to function freely owing to lack of nourishment. In the second, place, are you allowing her to have; too much "fun" out of school? If she remains up late at night, and does not get suf- ficient sleep in a well -ventilated room, she will be unfit for school work be- cause of physical exhaustion. As to automobile rides, it is true that they furnish plenty of fresh air which is good, of course, but long and frequent rides keep the child in a state of nervous tension and excitement, which is the reverse of good. In short, the manner in which you are bringing up the child must be scrutinized to.dis- cover the cause of her backwardness at school. eanke 8/Off& The Rainy Day. I want the sun to shine again, I want the rain to stop. It marches like the feet of men— Drop-drop; drop -drop, drop -drop! I do not like the :rain a bit, I do not like the mud. The cows all turn their backs to it, And sadly chew their cud. pari I want the weather fine. don't know how to wait till I want the sun to shine. When I Spank My Dolls. From my dolls I have chosen three (whom I consider sisters) of whom I am going to write a story. Emmeline, who` is the oldest, is a lovely girl°with long, dark curls. Unfortunately she has a. high temper. The next in size is Winifred, who is .quite different from Emmeline, She;has short light curls that shine in the sun like 'gold. Winifred has a very loving disposition. The youngest daughter, Laura, has' short, brown curls. She is a sweet, I press my nose against the e Until' my nose is 'flat, But all' I see is just the rain— Pat-pat, pat -pat,' pat -pat! I want the children out again, Ithen— mishievous little girl. One Wednesday we had planned to go on a picnic. Wednesday dawned bright and clear. We were all dress- ed, the lunch was packed, when 'Wini- fred suddenly exclaimed: "Where is Laura?" Where was she? The naughty girl! I will tell you. Little Laura had been told by her mother never to go near the flypaper. Now Laura had riot meant to disobey. She just thought she would; like to count the flies onCthe flypaper before she went on the picnic. She knew whore a sheet of flypaper 1 Was, so she went into the pallor, which was dart: at that time. Little Laura tumbled ',over a cushion on the floor and she fell. Her head went into something sticky. Now she knew! i Laura was ,frr;ghtered. She 1011 i upstairs and hid in a closet—her pretty 'brown curls one sticky mass. i They hunted everywhere. At, Dist Brans ins looked in the closet where 1.'wee was hidden , '1 istea L1•Oa 1e! You're a lilee laws! it�llat hers lrappene,l?" sh:e cried. With that she pulled Laura out and was shaking her in a high temper, when, I, their mother, came its. Emmeline turned and when she saiv rue she let. go Laura and lcoked very much atslr:airtetl . i,aur a was frighten, eel ariid a,;l.od mt+ i.f Ghe i'asNl,;oir.: to be spanked, but I said, "o, haurag, you do not deserve to be spanked. Em- meline does." I then took Emmeline, who was cry- ing, and spanked her, and put her to bed. ;, Laura came and told me the story. Then I took her and Winifred to the barber shop, where Laura's curls were cut off. When I returned, Emmeline said: r' "Mother, aren't you going topunish Laura ?„ P "Look at her, Emmerine, and tell me if you do not think she is punished enough'," I answered. Emmeline looked at Laura, who was standing there feeling the liesid which the barber' had _robbed of its curls. She was: crying. Emmeline really felt sorry for Laura and promised that she would not have "temper" again and she didn't. Laura was never 'mis- chievous again. We all missed the picnic that day! LEANING TOWERS OF BOLOGNA, Intended For Fortified Homes 13y Builder in fast Ages. Italy is a land of many leaning tow- ers, among which the Tower bf Pis-. and the fallen c impanile.at,Venice are the best known. The strangest`, of the leaning towers, ho vever, are the Torre Asinelli and. the Torre Garis- enda in Bologna, which were erected in 1109 and 1110 A.D. The builders in-' tended them for fortified homes, of which Bologna at one time possessed as manya stwo hundred. u,t 1 ed. The 10 o i .• n g Y, smooth-walled brick to;veis standing side by sisie'make a strange impression upon the person who looks up at them from the ground. Dante, in his In- .feriae, compared the giant Antaieus, who was bending toward, him, to the Torre Garisenda "when a cloud ;lessee over it." 'Il Torre Asirlelliis three hundred ancl twenty feet high 'and contains stain., a rough staircase of four hundred and :forty-seven steps. Frm the sum- mit, which is ,four feet out of plumb with the base, y u have a fine view of the city. • The slant is unintentional, and we:, probably caused by the sink- ing of the. foundations. Torre Garis- enda is ne her; died and c'xtY -three feet high, -sixteen feet lower than the Leaning Tower of Pisa,• -.and it is feel; out of pl.untb"• on;!y three feet ss than the Towel of Pr a. 1'hen Ottone Celts :rrda b c ga9Y t 5 1.:.:7.7 .D; mei apparently wanted his horse to surpass his nei•gi- bor Asinelli's in oddity; and so he intensionally iaade his tower out of the perpendicular. 'He found it im- possible, •hoavevete to complete the tc;wer ,.t thaf.; angle, and had to c:' � , .ease won lc on it before It: attained the r`, h„_l,r.t of its companion. It has been shown.ttaf t heredity 10 v'heait Beed is not so important as good soil and cultural s methods. Good seed, l;•cocl soil and food farming ra1,nt. 1.`oi more in crop producing than f.me F' variety.