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The Exeter Advocate, 1917-2-15, Page 2Conducted by Professor Henry G. I3611. The object of this department is to place at the service of our farm readers the advice of an acknowi- edeed authority on all subjects pretaining to soils and crops. Address all questions to Professor Henry G. Sell, In care of The Wilson Publishing Company,Limited, To- rents), and answers wit! appear In this column In the order In which they are received. As space Is limited It is advisable where immediate reply is necessary that a stamped and addressed envelope he enclosed -with the question, when the answer will be mallsd direct.`.. Summer Pasture F. J. R. -My pastures played • out just when milk was selling best last summer. Can 'you suggest any way of keeping up summer, pasture? Answer :-I would advise your try- ing the O.A.C. temporary pasture mix- ture. It is:-- Oats .. - ..51 lbs. Early Amber Sugar Cane 30 Ibs. Common Red Clover 7 lbs, 88 lbs. per Acre. Prof, Zavitz says to sow this early in May. Tha oats and Early Amber Sugar Cane seed can be drilled in through the regular grain drill and the clover seed through the grass and clover seed division of the drill. At Guelph they found this pasture ready for cattle pasturage late in June. This pasture carried more than one steer to acre, and in 1911 was successfully used for milk cows„ Potato Yields Low on Account of Blight G. B. -My potatoes were a failure last year. So were those of my neighbors, to a large extent. They were planted about the Middle of May and seemed] to come along well till early July when they seemed to die down. Some sent up single stalks which were short and weak. I scarce- ly got back seed. What was the mat- ter, and how can I get better crops next year? Answer: -Without seeing the field or sample of the crop, it is impossible to say with exactness, what the trou- ble was. From your description I am assuming that it was the deadly Late Blight disease of potatoes. This disease sometimes sweeps down upon what looks to be a `healthy field and destroys great areas in a short time. Moist weather' is best for the spread of Late Blight. It is usually indicat- ed by the development of indistinct, dark, watery spots on the leaves. As the disease develops the leaves turn a sickly brown color and the disease may extend to the branches of the plant. The rotting potato tops give off a characteristic disagreeable odor. `Late Blight is a fungus disease which winters in the stored potatoes.' It sends its threads up' through the in- side of the potato planand blossoms on the surface of the potato `leaves, giving off millions of spores or seeds.. these are easily blown about by the wind and in damp weather they stick to moist potato vines and ::eaves and attack new plants. I The cure or preventive is to spray the potato crop with Bordeaux mixture or some commercial fungicide just as soon as the first leaves are well spread out and continue spraying till the crop begins to ripen, giving in all 5 to 7 sprayings. Bordeaux mixture is made of 5 lbs. of copper sulphate, 5 lbs. of quick -lime and 50 gallons of water. The 5 lbs. of copper sulphate should be dissolved in 5 gallons of water and the 5 lbs. of lime should be dissolved in another 5 gal' --ons of water, hen the two should be dumped into a clean water -tight barrel and 40 gallons of ' water should be added. The solution of sulphate of copper and lime' is deadly to the scores or seeds of the Late Blight disease. If there is a small infection any- where near your farm, it will sprea�'- very quickly during damp, warns weather. Late Bligl-t stops growth and causes dry rot in the stock that is dug. The biggest and best potato growers on this continent always spray their' potatoes to control this disease. kifferieg small dark pen. Give them plenty of room, and a yard to go out to every fine day, Brood sows must have ex- ercise to insure strong healthy litters If a Boase takes a chill, followed by colicky pains, shows stiffness and 'soreness, stands all the time, groans if made to move, is sore if pressed be- tween the ribs which are fixed, and has a short, dry, painful cough, he prob- ably has pleurisy. If much pain at first, give colic drench, apply mustard to sides, give nitrate of potassnim in 2 -dram doses in water 3 times daily. If pulse be- comes weak, give 2 or 3 oz. doses of sweet spirits of nitre in a pint of water every .3 or 4 hours as indicated. Horses that have been fed highly on grain for a long time, and begin. to run down, can and have been toned up by the molasses and hay treatment. The horses should be shod regular- ly or not at all. Shoes may stay on longer in Winter than in Summer, provided the shoes keep in condition. Many a man has become bankrupt by thinking he could make his fortune in horses,' when as a matter of fact there was' no horse in hire. To suc- ceed with horses a man must love horses, he must have a lot of horse sense and he must be willing to study and, learn. • Something wrong when a horse eats his own bedding. Leave out the straw and use sawdust or some such thing; then correct the ration. Give a better, all-round line of feed. A quiet voice. of approval and a gentle pat occasionally make the horse more tractable and serviceable. One great reason for boys leaving the farm is that Willie's colt grows up; to be papa's horse. Never strike an. animal when , you are angry, nor when he is. If you do not, you will never strike hini. This advice is as good when applied to striking a man in anger. Cold floors can not be covered deep enough with straw to make the hog comfortable. He is a great rooter. and will get clear down to the bottom of his ,straw bed. So Bement or stone floore are not so good as plank. Old-fashioned hog -pens had alto- gether- too much light on one side, be- ing:all open to the weather, `Then they went to the other extreme and ,`+were shut up, close and dark. Win - 'Acme are just as good for the hog's ,.'health and comfort rte. they are for yours and vitae. . Money spent for ',Window -glass for hog houses is monoy well invested. Just watch the poric- ert4 as they lie where the sunshine feomes in good and warm. Then is (when they are putting on fat. Salt and eulphur and charcoal should e kept in every pig -pen and pig yard the i ... an help heni� v a p gs c t .lel es ,' This is a corrective and a.'preventiee worms. Do not confine the brood- sows in a of pigs. Whatever makes the feed taste bet- ter increases its •,`clue as growth ra- tion for pigs. It is hard cash ` sifting out of the pocketbook if the liquid manure is not saved by absorbents', or by being drained from tight floors to a cistern outside the stable. Be sure that the rats are not rob- bing the cows of their grain. Keep a good cat in the barn, and give it warm milk in its own dish and'keep the dish clean. Comfort •is the key -note to success. No, cow can be comfortable if half starved and cold. Cows sometimes get so smart that they can lift the latch of their stanchions with one horn. Pretty good argument for a sawing match. If you do not resort to that measure, fasten the latch down tightly: every night and tie it. If a cow has to be taken any dis- tance, it is far cheaper in time and in beef to carry her on a wagon or sled, using a, pair of horses, than to dr.ive orlead her unwillingly. The barn should be as quiet as a Quaker meting. Many men get into the habit of yelling at the stock with- out being conscious of it, and keep the animals stirred up when they should be quiet for their own and their own- er's good. heelf°, Fine wool is more scarce right now than it has been in years. It may be more so a year from now. Stands us all in hand to do what we can to meet the demand. It is no joke to say that there is more clean money in a pure-bred sheep than in a scrub. The why and the wherefore are not half so important to know as the actpal..fact. See to it that you have the pay As l' soon as the meatman has the sheep or lambs. He gets his pay down. town the moment the goods are de- livered, He should not ask you to wait. Many have done that and are waiting yet. Be sure the sheep quarters are dry''. and cheery. A cold, dark, clampplace for 'sheep: is death to then. The sheep pain should be bottle tight with the proper ventilation, with'. big doors opening to the south. These doors should be open on pleasant day$, so the sheep can exei'- cise in a sheltered yard. Sheep do not mind cold when henthere is no draft, and: the fold 39 dry and tight, 7-77777 THE SUNDAY LESSON INTERNATIONAL LESSQ„$ FEBRUARY 13, Lesson 'VII. Jesus :Heals A Noble- man's Son --Jolie 4. 48.54. Golden Text -Matt. B. 13. Verse. 44, He said this about Naz- areth (Matt. 13. 57; *ark 6. 4; Luke 4. 24), but this Evangelist is applying it to Judaea, the .Messiah's true "coun- try..' 45. There is a sharp contrast be- tween the Galileaans who welcomed the Lord even because of his drastic treatment of the traffickers) in the temple, and the Judmans whom that action had moved to impotent wrath. 46. King's officer (margin) -The word thus rendered is common in ver- nacular documents, especially official, where it denotes the "royal secretary"; in Roman Egypt he was deputy for the district commissioner. 47, Was come out of Judma, repeat- ed iii verse 54, takes us back to verse 43f. -it is not the mere chronicle of a journey. Jesus had done a Messianic act in his royal capital: it had been only resented. As a prophet, he was winning more disciples than even Joh?t in his "own country," this had brought him no recognition. So he solemnly changes the scene of his ministry, and Galilmans joyfully claim him as their • own. Jerusalem would yet be his capital: there he would be "crowned with glory and honor" and "reign from the tree." 48. Signs -A technical word -deeds which are credentials. The temper of the people, agape for wonders, is sug- gested by the next word. 49. The intense earnestness of the father ignores the Lord's sad general- ization, which he really uttered to draw out the man's faith: only a very pcureowerful. faith could achieve such a 50. There is a resemblance to the story of the centurion,: whichhas even been regarded as an independent ver- sion of this -a most improbable view. have The'man seems to ha ve started Luke once -like the lepers in 17. 14 hou witt another word. d e had got on to the hill road that led own from the`' highlands to the town n the lake shore, when his hurrying lavesesft'bt him. 52. Began to amend is inadequate; t the phrase answers exactly o our "got better." Seventh hour -Tis is the only New Testament book in which these- precise time notices re given: see note on John 1. 39 (Ja uary'21). The watchers observed th n -as we should put it -a sudden dr op of the temperature to normal, t e patient falling (we may suppose) i to a quiet, natural' sleep. H 0 s h a n e h n 53. Believed -He "believed" before, so strongly that he went off to realize the promise. . But faith always lives on new impulses, and the instantane- ous result of his fnrst"venture lifted faith on to a yet higher level. Whole house, as in Acts. 16, 15, 31. This gathering by families ' is very sug- gestive and characteristic. (It makes one think further of the gathering by villages we are seeing in Indiato- day.) A very attractive guess would recognize the niother`of this grateful family in Johanna the wife of Chuza, Herod's steward. 54. The Evangelist closely connects the two Cana "signs," which may be combined under .the great word, "I came that they might have life, and might have abundance." Lessen the Burden of Mother. Many of us men in the country har- vested a good crop last year or had a good year with the dairy, but how about our wives? Did they have a good year ? Was it better than last, or any lighter in labor? Any new improvements to help? Or have we gone along, snaking our owne labor easier and forgetting our, wives and mothers? That isn't right, if it is true. Don't you know that the wo- men folks need as many unto -date improvements as_eve do? Of course you, do, but you may not think to get them. How about the well, many feet' from the house? CouIdn't you im prove that with some form of pump- ing apparatus that -would lessen the labors of mother? Just think of the many steps that would be saved her if there •were running water in the house! That one thing would help a millionfold. Why, not put it in? • NAVAL LESSONS LEARNED IN WAR THE BATTLESHIP MAINTAINS PRE-EMINENT . POSITION. Controlling Factor in Struggle Lies. Ready at Hand in Grand Fleet. An 'interesting review of the part that sea -power has played in the war and references to: the lessons • that naval men have learned is given by the naval correspondent of the New York Herald writing from- London. He says that, while the principles of naval strategy havo been the same fo a century, their application, has been so altered as to amount almost to a revolution. The first and moat' ob- vious teaching is that sea -power has completely justified the confidence placed in it. The lesson here is an old one emphasized afresh. -Sea- power has saved the Allied cause. It permits of the time andmhe creation of the means by which victory will be secured. The use of sea -power is'de- monstrated not only'by the way in which the German merchant ships were swept from the oceans, but also by the manner in which the land and sea forces of the 'Allies are co-operat- ing in three continents. The Grand Fleet. No one before the war would have thought that, merely by the threat or influence of the Grand Fleet away in the northern mists, great, armies and all that was necessary to maintain and supply them could be moved in security all over the world, That les- son was enforced at the very begin- ning of the war. It has been main- tained, even though an important bat- tle has been fought without that. corn- pletely decisive result in regard to the smashing of the enemy's fleet which was hoped for, The controlling factor in the whole'of the war is the latent power which lies ready at hand in the armored squadrons now commanded by Admiral Beatty. That is the "sure shield" which the Central Powers must break down if they would alter the outcome of the war. Hitherto both by the campaign of attrition and also by the "enterprise" which was frustrated off the Jutland coast,"'th-day have failed to' do it, and their ' more subtle and insidious methods of at- tacking commerce 'by submarines, which are having the temporary suc- cess of most novel expedients, must also be suppressed in time, Torpedoes a Disappointment. Lessons that were supposed to have been learned in the Russo-Japanese War have been found to be useless or even misleading so' far as the present struggle is concerned. For instance, after the Japanese attacks upon the Russians at Port Arthur it was' said that torpedo craft would be the real factors in future wars, and it was ex- pected by some that these 'vessels might be able to break up the Grand Fleet. They have failed not only to live up to the predictions made by their admirers, but to 'cut any figure at all. Shortly before the war began it is'said that the naval world was much disturbed by the large increase of range made by the torpedo and its destructive power. The •"deadly ac- ! curacy" spoken of three yearsago • is a myth. In the Battle of Jutland there was no real torpedo success, and Sir John Jellicoe says that a great num- ber of them were. apparently fired. Nor has the mine been much of a fac- tor in the struggle, and it would have achieved much less than has been ac- complished had- it been employed by a"nation adhering to civil/zed means of warfare. 'German unscrupulous- ness, however, has scored some suc- cesses with the mine. V Neither the mine nor the submarine nor the tor- pedo can decide this struggle. At best they are mere aids to the 'battleship. The Interlocking Forces. The writer says: "In all the fields of action there is to be seen the inter- dependence of the naval and military forces. The fleets of nearly all the Allies supply ships to operate with and protect the flanks of their armies. Mothers and daughters of all ages are cordially Invited to_write to thle da• ar•tment. Initials only will -be question and its p Ypublished with each answer as a means of identification but full name and address must be given ii each letter. Write on one side of paper only. Answers will bail, mailed direct if stamped and addressed envelope is enclosed. Address all correspondence for this department to Mrs. Helen Law, 25 Castle Frank Road, Toronto. Mrs: G.. Ii.: --.May I ask three quos tions? 1. Ilow can I open 'a fruit sealer that refuses to unscrew? 2. What will prevent mustard from dry- ing up? 3. Is it possible to make a r; fireless cooker at home? 1. Set the jar upside � � ps e do ;vn in euf- flciett hot water to cover the metal rim and in a minute or two it will un- screw with ease 2. Mix with vine - ger, add a little salt, and it will keep fresh for several days. 3. Take a packing -box with well -,fitted cover on hinges. Fill box with hay well packed down, leaving hole in the centre for saucepan, fill a sack with hay and place on top of saucepan, and close lid. A. granite pail with a close -fit- ting lid and a handle is the best cooking utensil for use in a fireless cooker. Miss Pblly:= 1• When a girl intro- duces a man to a married couple whose name should be mentioned first?' 2. Should a letter of introduction be seal- ed and how should it be delivered? • 1. You' should introduce a man to your married friends in this wise: "Mrs.: Blank, may I ' present Mr. Brown", and "Mr. Blank, this is Mr. Brown". 2. It should be unsealed. If a letter of introduction is written. i for a woman who is moving to another city she, on her arrival, nails it, `to- gether with' her card containing her new address, teethe person to whom it is addressed, who thereupon calls on the new comer. If a man has :..let- ter of introduction to a woman he may call,and deliver it in person. Mrs. W. J. M. :-1. What is the best way to treat a kitchen floor? 2. What color scheme would you advise for a !girl's bedroom with a large south win- dow? Real Sympathy. ,'. get /wish you'd acts d something for that cough o' youn,,IN. time you've blownthe hlinci x,c andleout!-•-Capt. Hi;Yieo London Bystander. 1, Coyer it with a plain dark -color ed linoleum and give a coat of polish once a month. 2. Blue if; the .best color for a sunny room. ; Combined with ivory it would be ideel for a girl's apartment. In the shops are many lovely chintzs in blues whieh could be used for over -cm -tales ancl. cushions with charming effect. School Girl: -1 have to write an essay on Thrift, could you please give pie a good definition? Thrift is care and prudence in the management of one's resources, fore- sight, getting true value for what one spends, personal efficiency, looking out that nothing i$ wasted, proportioning expense to income. True saving is only a better form ,of spending. To save is not to hoard, which is one of the worst and meanest forms of Waste. To .save is to lend our resources to those who can make more profitable use of them. If we lend to the Gov- ernment it can use these resources for national ends. If we lend`to,, the banks, they do not hoard the money, they makes it serve, they invest it in trade and enterprise of all kinds. It is capital and capital means factories and mines and cultivated lands, the means of further production, the source of future wealth. Stenographer:' --Can you tell me the correct use of the comma, that is to say, which of these sentences is cor- rect, "Tom, John and Henry are com- ing," or, "Tom, John, and'}Ieney aro coming." . It depends on what meaning you wish to convey. In the first sentence, Tom's attention is Called to the fact that John and Henry are coming; in the second, it is stated that -Toni, John,' and Henry are all three coming. It was the turning of their flank by the Russian fleet which `materially helped to force the Turks out of Tre- bizond and other places in the Cau- casus, while it was the failure of the German fleet in the Baltic to accom- plish a similar purpose that enabled the Russians to maintain their hold on Riga. There is also indicated by the events of the war, the Iimitations of sea power. !It is the mainstay of the Allies, enabling them to do many things, 'but in itself it cannot end.the war as they desire it should be ended. The comfortable reflection that `time and the navy will do the job for us,' which had many sympathizers in the late Government, Is fatal in its ten- dency toward inertia and procras- tination. Battleship and Cruiser. "Turning to the material, the bat- tleship maintains its pre-eminent po- sition in spite of , every attempt to threaten its supremacy by mine and torpedo. Care has been taken to pro- tect it from 'these devices, whose power„ has thus been nullified. The submarine has not shown itself in any way to be more, than a weapon of at- trition and not an entirely effective weapon even in that direction. 11 merchant ships were adequately arm- ed its success as a commerce destroy- er would be considerably curbed. En- tirely new light has been thrown upon the battle -cruiser, which novel type' has justified the' hopes entertained in regard to it. Connected with this suc- cess the war value of speed has been demonstrated. This was shown quite early in the war by, the achievement3„•d'- of the German raiders in the 'outer seas and again when. Sturde3's' battle- cruisers made their swift and silent journey to destroy von Spee's squad- rons off the Falklands. It has also been exhibited many times in the North Sea, where an excess of speed on the part of one class of vessel over another has enabled superior arma- ments to be brought to bear. In the Jutland fight the fast battleships of the Queen Elizabeth type gave splen- did results. Things that are better left unsaid are often. overheard. THE PARADOX OF E T .. Faith is Roth an Avowal of Weakness and an Assertion , of? Strength. "Have mercy upon me,` 0 Lord; for I am weak. For in death there is no remembrance of Thee: in the grave who shall give Thee thanks?"-- Psalm, vi., 2, 5. The Paradox of Faith! It is this: - Faith is both an avowal of weakness. and an assertion of strength. As an avowal of weakness, Faith throws it- self. upon God. As an assertion of strength, Faith -reverently be it said -throws a challenge at God. As an avowal of weakness. Faith confesses man's need of God; as an assertion of strength, it professes God's need of man. In one breath it voices the helplessness and the indispensable- ness of man. Underlying all invoca- tions of God's help is not merely the knowledge that feeble humane must have divine assistance, but also the consciousness that Almighty God must have us and our work for the ac- complishment o:f His purposes. We matter to God -or else why pray to Him? Why should He stand by us if He does not require our presence in the world, if our work is of no consequence to Hiscreative plan? The Indifference of Nature The stars move on,though we grow too weak to stir; the flowers bloom on, though our, frame withers. The heavens are never stained by the blackness of our despair. No bird lute ever ceased to sing when the lullaby of the bereaved motherwas silenced at the tiny grave, We live in a world tin,. that appears indifferent to our aspira•. ations' and longings. And if ,God shares this :cosmic •;indifference, why invoke Him in times of distress? But when Faith invokes God it is convinc- ed that He cannot be indifferent to ns, since He needs us. He needs the That's tho secondhand ork..our: w s find to do, the"feclinirs Bairns iii x fa�hen that pulse in our heart, the thoughts that flash up in our mind.: Ile needs our love and our goodness; He steeds the poet's song and the prophet's vis- ion; He needs the painter's color dream, and the martyr's nratchless heroism; He needs the smile that beams in baby's face and the hope that blooms in the maiden's bosom, . He needs,our• tears and our. laughter; He needs all the unspeakable misery, the incomparable richness, the thrilling exaltations of human souls. Be we weak or strong -He needs us such as we are. A Responsibility and a Privilege Faiths, therefore, reverently chal- lenges God, saying: Thus. indifferent universe is so much vaster and might- ier than man and it is against the forces of this incomprehensible uni- verse that man's pully strength 10 constantly pitted; but if the cosmic forces crush man who will do his work and what will take his place?. Will the silent stars? Will the rush- ing breakers? Weak and frail he is -yet powerful to do his " appointed work! Thus with the "Psalmist we rightfully express the Paradox of Faith wlieri vie petition our Maker in the words, "Have mercy Upon me; for Lapp weak," founding at the sane time our petition ' uponthe daring claim: -":Cor in death there is nb remembrance of Theo; in the grave who shall give Thee thanks?" Thai; 19 to say, if the Song of Man be siZ,- enced, feeble though his voice, yet'viii missfrom the harmlinoi whole. The great wondor of life consonyisofts ii the fact that alongside of the cosmic forces there' is room for the Bunsen soul. The still greater wonder is that alongside of God there is room for Titan. If this shells a responsibil- ltyy it also spells a vileg. Ha - the I:'aradox of Faitprih,--$tabbieJncel oe Bhitrulie. 5 ar m sr ch pr las lire to ws Si N