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Exeter Advocate, 1915-4-29, Page 2INDICTMENT AGAINST GERMANY tier Certain Defeat Predicted by President Emeritus of iiarvard--Utter Lack of True Political Liberty Charles W. Eliot, president emeritus of Harvard TTnivarstty, has drawn up and signed an .extra- ordinary document; A.n indictment against official Germany for its part in the present European war; an arraignment of the prune pies, methods and systematic practise which may be regarded as little short of terrific in its thunderbolt quality. Withal, there is no heat, no anger, in the whole series of charges. They are placed, one af- ter another, in calmness of spirit, in logical order. Whether the in- dividual reader agrees with them or not, taken as a whole they con- stitute a picture of the present conflict and causes thereof as seen by one of the most distinguished of living Americans. For that rea- e au alone the document is of in- herent interest and corresponding importance. Among other things President Eliot eleelares that the Government of Germany is the most autocratic in Europe ; that the people of Ger- many 'donot know what politieal and social liberty is." Re adds without reserve that "Germans do not • know how free peoples regard the sanctity of contract, not only for bu ine's purposes, but for pu idea. purposes, to say nothing of 'honorable obligations.' ' In particular, Dr. Eliot delivers a scathing analysis of German effi- ciency. as he sees it, "which takes hold of every child in Germany at birth, and follows every youthand every man and woman through life until death." And this efiieieucy, he declares, has not brought forth •i single one of many great diseov- eres in surgery, preventive medi- cine, chemistry, physics or com- plex business organizations, a. list of which he draws up in proof of his n:-erticon. Regarding American attitude to- ward Germany, he says : "It seems to a native American profane to mention Bismarck and the German Emi.erer in the same breath with W;t-liingten and Lincoln." In the opinion of the distinguish - rd aimed/sr the prospect is that the war in Europe will last until tine or tither of the combatants is tli+'r,,ughly exhausted. "One can- n+.t conceive of Germany submit- ting t.' defeat until she has exhaust- ed her iAupplies of men, money and feed.'' He is also sure that equal ditl'icuity will be encountered in conceiving that England will stop until she is thoroughly exhausted. '`Fortunately from,, our point of view." he adds, "the is no more re -elute or dogged people in the world than the English, and we re- member in that connection with satisfaction that many of us are of English extraction. ' • As to France—a new thrill of Feeling and sentiment has gone through France. Every one that returns from France says that the people seem changed, externally and internally. They are sober and serious, and they go about their daily work with a grave determi- nation to prevent by any sacrifices the extinction or the reduction in power of the French nation. "But what shall I say of Russia? It is the momentary, yes, the ra- ther permanent, belief in Germany that the Russians may be justly de- scribed as barbarians, semi- civi-lized people, Oriental people, in- capable of that high degree or- ganization and that practice of in- dividual liberty under law which characterize the promising Oeci- dental peoples. And it is true that the Russians are an immense mass opinion is a complete demonstra- of people only lately risen from the tion of the effect of the autocratic condition of serfs, and that they are ruled by a despotic ruler who is surrounded by an autocratic group of high public officials. "But we Americans have learned in recent years a good deal about the Russians; and we find in them. some qualities which *give us hope for the huge nation, which often seems 'slumbering or half awake, as regards both commercial and poli- tical activity. We have had a large number of Russians poured in upon us of recent years, and we have found them to be an indus- trious, intelligent, romantic people,. capable of all the highest senti- ments of 'human mature, and having at heart a. great ambition toward liberty .and expanding and. improve ing life. I had occasion to observe while I was president of Harvard College that there were no more intelligent students in the univer- sity than the Russians. They had the defects of peoples that have been for generations under des- potic rule, and • doubtless on an members had any e.tperienee of PaIitical liberty. I admit that none of these things may go very deep, except the Russian literature. That goes deep into the heart and mind of the nation. That makes a deep impression on the heart• and mind of the whole civilized world, "We have further to observe that three important steps have already been taken by Russia since this war broke out, all of them of a. highly progressive nature. One is the of- fer to the Poles to reconstitute the Kingdom of Poland; another is to give the Jews full civic rights in Russia, and the third is the imper- ial order prohibiting the manufac- ture and use of the strong .eco - belie spirit that the Russians have', been in the habit of drinking'. That last outcome of this sudden war is a very striking one. What if an immense temperance reform should date from August, 19le, all over Russia I "We must not, therefore, accept the German view that his war is really waged to resist anew irrup- tion of the barbarians into Europe. It is more than doubtful whether the Russians are barbarians. It is more than doubtful whether the spirit in which the Russians are now fighting be not more accordant with the American spirit tl n the spirit which animates the German Empire." Wheeled Bulletproof Shield, Forming Defence Against Bullets and Shell Splinters. There was submitted to the War Office a few days ago a bullet-proof shield, and tete maker, Mr. Fred Wallis, of Birmingham, was complimented on the ingenuity of his invention, The first photograph chows the shield, which is bullet-proof at from twenty to fifty yarda, in position for rapid travelling, and Able to carry ammunition, etc. In the second photograph the she';d is place to protect men firing, and shows positions in which four or sig: men can fire from behind it, allowing two spare firing -holes for changing positions. The third photograph chows how men can advance or retire protected by the shield. In No. 4 the wheels and springs have been removed. Ten shields placed side by side in this position form a thirty-foot barricade, a, very useful defence across roads, etc. The inventor notes that his device will protect infantry wherever it can be gob into the firing hue, cud is especially valuable to those engaged in approaching barbed-wire entanglements or cutting barbed-wire. It is claimed that eight good marksmen behind one shield will more than equal in effectiveness eighty men beginning action at five hundred yards over an 'extended front of fifty yards. The manufacturers of the steel guarantee that .a plate five millimetres thick is bullet-proof at fifty yards against the service rifle with service charge. The value of the novel invention in eases,, especially, of necessarily slow advance,. or stationary work, is indisputable. - As to the dire possibility that the prises; because the German Gov - United States may be most vitally gov- ernment and the military caste in affected by the colossal conflict, Dr. Germany did not understand what vel• free e e vale Goin arab o value, u Eliot is emphatic. p 1people "We e must hope and pray," he what their ideals are and what they says, `.`that we shall not be drawn are capable of undertaking end en - into this most horrible war of all during in defence of their ideals. tune. But that escape will be due For instance the German doctrine to the fact that Russia, England' shout the justifiableness of violet - and France have succeeded in de- ing a contract or a treaty« on the featingGermany and Austria- ground of military necessity was universally accepted in Germany Hngary. as right. Germans do not know Some people, Dr. Eliot remarks, ascribe this widespread war to the how free peoplesregard the 'sane - German Emperor or Cabinet or to tity of contract, not only for busi- some particular German teachers mess purposes but for political pur- er authors or to the growth of a. poses, to say nothing of honorable strong, united military caste in obligation, Germany, "Nothing could be franker than. "All these influences," he ad- the original explanation which the wits, "doubtless contributed in German Chancellor gave of the breaking of the some measure to the outbreak; but treaties concerning the real cerise of the successive the neutrality of Belgium; but his military aggressions on the part of frankness is evidence that he did Germany since 1864 lies in the not understand in the least the gradual prevalence throughout that freeman's idea of the sanctity of contract—the foundation nation, and particularly through- ion of all pub- nation, its educated classes, of an ex- h , law and usage in a free ll tun- aggerated estimate of the bodily t y. In a country despotaea 1, o and spiritual merits of the German autocratically ruled there is no people and of a belief that the na- such condition of public opinion. tional greatness and the progress More and more, as time Boas on of characteristic German civilize, this conflict develops into a conflict tion were to be obtained through between free institutions and auto - the development of the most tre- critic institutions. Of course the meadous national force that could position of Russia as an ally of possibly be contrived and brought France and England somewhat clicates this into being and through the grati- hrou sse the omissian people is by fioation of the intense German de- sire for domination in Europe, and inheritance and in some respects by later in the world. nature a. people which submits to "`The government of Germany is despotic government. Her excep- the most autocratic in Europe. It tional position as an ally of two free countries is due to a long nourish - has always been so in Prussia; and since German 'unification in 1871 ed indignation. against Austria - that description applies to the Huagary and Germany for pre - whole of Germany. One of the senting obstacles year after year most extraordinary phenomena in and generation after generation to connection with. this ferocious war the gratification of Russian ambi- is the unanimous opinion among tion for aggrandizement in the Bal - German scholars, historians, states- tan countries and the Near East. men and diplomats, and indeed That ambition and some stirrings throughout the educated classes, toward liberty may have put Russia that—as was lately said to me in a in its exceptional positions by the letter from a German friend, 'We side of two free countries. Germans are just as free as you In Dr. Eliot's view, the real is- Americans are. sue this war is to decide is the vast "They really believe that," Dr. question between free and autocra- EIiot continues. "This unanimous tic institutions in Europe, the ques- tion of more public liberty, the question of civilization developing under the forms of free govern- ment rather than under the forms of autocratic government; and he adds, it becomes .a very interesting study for all the freer peoples hove German efficiency is going to turn out in competition with such effi- ciency as the freer nations develop. government which has long existed in Germany on the spirit and tem- per of the German people as a whole. "They donot know what politi- cal and social liberty is. They have no conception of such liberty as we enjoy. They know nothing at all about the liberty England has won through parliaraentary•govern- memt, through party government. Their complete ignorance on that subject is the explanation of the fatal mistake the German Govern- ment made in going to war last summer before they knew what England was going to do or could do. "The German Government thor- oughly believed that in the exist- ing condition of party government in England, with the Ulster distur- bance still unsettled and the ;trade union difficulties on hand, England not only would not go to war but could not. One could not have a better illustration of the complete ignorance of the German people as immense scale they still exhibit to what political and social liberty. those defects. nee, ly is. "The German diplomats misin- formed their Government about the state of Great Brittain, and Ireiland and of France, in spite of their ample system of resident inform- ers, because neither they nor their informers understood the political action of a free people. At this moment the German Government is being misinformed in like manner about the state of American public opinion. To the German mind political liberty means public in- capacity and weakness -particular- ly in war. "In the earlier steps of the war Germany met with a series,of sur - "Many Americans have made tac- quain.tanoe within the last fifteen years with modern Russian litera- ture. It is in high degree imagna- tive, hopeful and pathetic, though often revolutionary in the proper sense of that word that is, looking to great changers in family and so- cial life and in the life of the Government. Tolstoy represents as immense movement of the Rus- sian mind. It was the Coax of Rus- sia that called the first $ague Con- &rernce. The Czar instituted the Dunes, which has had already an interesting and truly 'remarkable career, considering that none of its Much unnecessary tall' manages to escape from a tiny mouth. At least half a dozen hairdressing establishments in London employ lady barbers. Germany's export's of aniline dyes to Great Britain were formerly worth £1,800,000.e year: Non-commissioned officers and men who have the • Victoria Cross conferred upon them enjoy a pen- sion of • £10 .a year ; but at the •op= • tion of the authorities the pension may be increased to £50 a year in eases of necessity: :Some time ago the '• mistress of a home went into the culinary de pertinent with instruction for the concoction of a new pudding. "And in order that you may know when it is done,. Norah,' said the mistress, in conclusion, "just stick a knife into it. If the knife comes out clean, the pudding is ready to serve." "Yis, ma' ain," responded Norah, preparing to get on the job: "And, by the way, ; Norah," , re marked the mistress, suddenly pausing at the door like one 'sud- denly seized with an afterthought, "if the knife does come out clean,. you had better stick in all the rest of them." HOME Tested Recipes. Cream of Tomato Soup.—Put into a saucepan a pint of strained to matoes; odd a. sliced onion, a bay leaf and a. small piece of mace. Cover the saucepan, and cook for five minutes. Put into a double boiler a quart of milk. Rub to- gether two tablespoonfuls of but- ter and two of flour; add to the milk, and stir until thick and smooth. Strain the tomatoes into a soup -tureen, add a sal#.spoonful mf bicarbonate of soda, season with salt and pepper, stir, and, while. this is frothing, add hastily the thickened milk; stir just enough to mix and serve. There is not the slightest danger of this curdling if you add the milk quickly. This soup Gannet be reheated. If neces- sary to keep warm any length of time, keep the materials in separ- ate vessels, mixing at the last mo- ment. Cream of Carrot Soup.—Grate three good-sized carrots; ` cover them with a pint of water ; add a slice of onion and a bay leaf ; cover and simmer gently for thirty min- utes. Remove the onion and bay leaf, and add a quart of milk. Moisten a tablespoonful . of corn- starch in a little cold milk, add it to the soup, and stir until thick; add a rounding teaspoonful of salt, a saltspoonful of white pepper, and just at serving time stir into the mixture two tablespoonfuls of but- ter. Serve this soup just as soon as it is made. Omelette Souffle Chocolate. — Cream two ounces of castor sugar withthree yolks of eggs, add one tablespoonful of finely grated cho- colate and a few drops of essence Of vanilla, then add lastly the whites of five eggs beaten very stiff. Turn into a souffle pan coated with clari- fied butter, bake in a moderately hot oven, dish up, and serve at once dredged with castor ' sugar. This will take from ten to twelve minutes to bake. I'ilippini Banana Omelet. — Add half a gill of cream to eight eggs. Season with half a teaspoonful of salt and two saltspoonfuls of white pepper. Beat with .a, 'fork for two minutes. Fry two peeled and sliced bananas in melted butter for five minutes. Toss the pan frequently while the bananas are frying; then turn 'the eggs into the pan. Beat them for two minutes and then let them rest half a minute. Let the omelet stand for a moment and then turn out on to ,a. hot dish and serve: This omelet may be used as an en- tree at luncheon. Hot Scotch Rolls.—Boil and mash fine one large, mealy pota- to. Scald one pint of flour with boiling water ; add one teaspoonful salt, one heaping tablespoonful of sugar, 'the white of one egg, and half a compressed yeast cake dis- solved in warm water. Set ito rise and when very light add sufficient flour to knead it thoroughly: ' Do not knead too stiff. It can be [thor- oughly kneaded without sticking to the hands and yet not be too stiff An hour before bed' time work in two ounces of butter or lard. Roll it up in woollen cloths and let rise until morning. Then ,ma=ke out in rolls, if possible, an hour before. you commence breakfast,. Let ,get very light and then bake ten or fif- teen minute's; Cream of Celery > Soup. Wash three or four roots of celery'. A better way, however, is to save the green portions of celery for soup, leaving 'the white inside part for eating raw. Chop the celery fine, using the better part of the green leaves. You should have one quart by measure. Cover his with one quart of water, and simmer gently for twenty minutes. Press through a colander. Put a quart of milk in a double boiler. Rub together two tablespoonfuls of +butter and two of flour; add, and stir until smooth and thick. Add a. rounding tea- spoonful of salt, a. saltspoonful of white pepper; add the celery mix- ture. Strain the whole through a fine sieve, and serve at once. Dandelion Spring Salad. — Crisp three cups of dandelion leaves and cut into shreds with a sharp knife. Quarter four sweet oranges and out into small pieces. Rub the sal- ad bowl with a, cut clove of garlic, put in a level teaspoonful of salt and half a teaspoon of pepper, a leek cut into bits and a tablespoon of wine vinegar. Now add drop by drop two tablespoonfuls of olive oil, stirring all the time, then a hard- boiled egg out into rings, and last- ly the dandelion and oranges. Toss all lightly with a silver fork and serve at once. Dandelion Potato Salad. — Wasli young dandelion leaves in several waters, cut fine and add to potato salad made with potato,' bacon cut fine, Fresh dressing and salt and pepper, Chiffon Salad.—Heart of a'white cabbage, cut into slivers as thin as, paper, the length of a match; red- skinned radishes out in the same way, with the red skin left for the artistic effect, and tiny pieces of the hearts .of celery. Mix and let stand for an hour or ,two before serving in a French dressing of olive oil, vinegar, pepper and salt. Drain this off before serving. Place in a large white cabbage which has been scooped or hollowed out, the crisp outer leaves turned down to form the effect of .a rose. Pour over the mixture a rich mayonnaise dressing. Useful Hints. All suet puddings require long cooking to render them digestible. The following are .a few simples OILILETT"S LYE EATS DIRT O"AYtA„l!WM MOW°-fl't1. OI.,Sf10: „„ PtchilikLO, W!� E' rule's in economy : Never buy a. cheap material when you can get a better product. Pay 'cash; credit is costly. Buy non-perishable food products in quantities. Watch the household closely and eliminate all waste. A very good watt to disp ,a> of slices of toast and scraps of bread is to brown all in the oven, then roll and sift, then when you bake cookies or sand tarts .three to four cups of crumbs are used in place of part of the flour called for in the recipe. If spinach can be washed in many waters immediately upon being brought in from garden or market, and then placed upon a cloth laid on the ice. the result will be sur- prising. Protection Against Clothes Moths. The various substances used to obacoo keep away moths, such as t camphor, naphthalene cones or balls, tarred, paper and cedar chips have no effect if the moth eggs are already present in the clothes, and entomology specialists therefore re- commend, ' before they are laid away for the summer, a thorough beating, shaking and brushing of all articles likely to attract moths. The brushing of garments is es- pecially important in order to re- move eggs which may have escaped notice. If the lartieles are quite free from eggs when, laid away, the odor from the various repellents or from cedar chests and wardrobes will serve to keep the moths away. The odor, however, lessens with age, so that the protection it af- fords is greatly decreased after a few years. For this reason when furs and other valuable garments are wrapped, in tarred paper the containers should be renewed every year or two. In general, moths are likely to affect only articles which are put away and left undisturbed for some little time. Apartments and clo- sets that are frequently aired and swept are not apt to be seriously affected. In fact, airing and sun- light are probably the best, as well as the oldest, remedies. When circumstances demand that the articles be put away, however, a convenient and effective device is to place them in large pasteboard boxes, such . as tailors use, and gum a strip of wrapping paper around the edge so as to seal up the box completely and leave 'no cracks. If the garments have been thoroughly cleaned before being placed in these boxes no additional protection is necessary and there is none of the objectionable odor which is characteristic of so many moth repellents. For valuable articles the safest plan is to place them in cold stor- age. Recent experiments have shown that the larvae of the clothes moth will resist for a long time low temperatures if these are uniform. but that the alternation of low and thigh temperatures quickly results in death. Canoes, Skiffs, Motor Boats THE PETERBOROUGH LINE. er any canoe can give you satisfaction, it is a "PETERBOROUGH." Always and ever the acme of service, model, strengthand fin- ish. Over fifty styles and sizes. Write for catalogue. The latest canoe is the Peterborough canvas covered. Ask for illustrated folder. Skiffs for the popular Outboard Motors. Power Launches, all sizes and pow- ers. Get folders telling all about these. 'TME PETERBOROUGH CANOE COMPANY, LIMITEP, PETERBOROUGH, ONT. r "Overstern" V Bottom Motor Boat Freight Prepaid • to any Railway .Station , in Ontario. Length 15 Pt. Beam 3 Ft, 9 In.., Depth 1 Ft. 8 In. AN1' MOTOR PITS. Specification No, 2B giving engine prices on request. 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