Exeter Advocate, 1906-5-10, Page 3"4:4, 16.4:4, gar 41:0 Mb 0:114 14446 .;011114 1:411, 0:01111.:,
14 Ascent of Vesuvius
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• Frederick •,Charnberlain descrihee a
.visit to Vesuvius during a recent erup-
how
As we neared Naples in the Septem-
bor night almost nobody on board went
.belew, for we had learned at Port Said
' that Vesuvius was itt eruption, and
s likely to continue for some days in that
unwonted tale. All hoped to see the
•..giant of the old mountain before te
sigain drifted into one of his long naps,
For inoee than thirty years now hall
he been resting, so that we were to be
,given our one chance of a Matins°,
,probably, to see him awake.
At about ten o'clock, when the dal*
ness was intense, there was suddenly
.eu the starboard, far up in the air,. a
red light. IL appeared to be one that
revolved, for in a few seconds it had
'entirely disappeared. It was eo large and
Ise elevated that we knew we were not:
-far from it. In almoet exactly a minute
it reappeared. "There it isi" somebody
.cried. Instantly there was a rush tor
the rail. Opinions were about evenly
.dirlded as to whether the :light came
tom a lighthouse or from the volcano.
Rs regularity, however, deckled some ef
ers, It must be something made by inan.
But we were Mistaken. IL was Ve-
-suvlus. The ship's officers assured us
that there was no seaman' light rn that
locality, and .theri , before long, as ere
'hew nearer to the red flame, it became
evident that the light was hundreds of
feet above. But there wee not ten sec -
'ends variation in the periods between
i.any two appearances of the beacon.
At midnight the anchor cut the waters
-et the bay and our long voyage. from
the Far East of nearly 30 days was
-over. Naples is built so that it rises
hone the seaside clear to the top of the
high hill. Except only the appearance
rf Hong Kong at night, and I believe
the view ol Naples from the bay when
.all "the evening lamps are lighted" is
the most beautiful I have ever seen.
Vesuvius may be ascended by two
methods - by carriage road or by the
electrics. Whichever one may prefer,
there is a long ride of perhaps an hour
through the poorer portions of Naples
-to where the city fades away into the
'hills whose sides are covered with vine-
yards of the blue and white grapes.
Our ritte to the railroad station was
Tolugh and hot and one of our party
.hcal an experience on the way that
ended her day'; enjoyment.
She, with a young man of twelve, oc-
• -eupied a landau,whichwheeled close be-
lied that in which I was riding.
Suddenly, I heard a scream and no -
teed a boar running down the sidewalk
•as if he were much frightened. I leap-
ed from the carriage and discovered the
?ady in the rear nearly beside herself.
'The boy I had seen scampering away
•bad run beside her and snatched at n
a„ggolden chain that carried a diamond set
koket suspended about her neck.
There was a sharp quick etruggle he -
:Veen the owner and thief. Her fright-
iened cry, however, had determined that
and left in possession of her treasure,
.which, however, was broken.
As we rode along it was readily seen
that the people disliked us, and that
lowly all the homes comprised gardens
in the rear which were of the pure Ital-
ian style, with many regular, sanded
•'Walks, uniformly cut shrubbery and, al -
nest invariably, some statuary.
At 2 o'clock we were seated in the
electric car, which had doors at the
sides between each two seats, and wens
being propelled by an overhead trolley
system up the small hills that lead to
-Vesuvius.
After a ride of about half an hour, we
.stopped at a hotel which overlooked
'Naples and its bay. Here all the femin-
ine members of our party, except one,
left us.
In fifteen minutes we were at the
leery base of the cone. Here we chang.
ell 'conveyances, and weretaken by a
cable line up the very sleep side of the
-esolcano. This last section of our way
'was. perhaps. half a mile in extent. The
<able line terminated sortie 20 feet be-
low the crater. All the way • from
Naple:-eln the sutninit nf the volcano •we
•coulcl see that the hidden giant of the
great, bl a Pk mount a in was still smoking.
Every minute. by . the watch. he would
4.mit a loud that. Would sail away and
leave behind no traces of the old fel-
low's dissipation till he blew out ihe
neat whiff.
I:ron descending from the cable car
soiree len of us found that we were still
srme hundred yards from the smoke.
There was no vegetation. Long ago
elei had left the vineyard; beneath us.
'There was nothing at the top of the vol -
pane except ashes. cinders and huge
leadclers of lava. There was square mile
after square mile or lam Nobody
• could sny how deep it was. but one
ould often diseern filet it exceeded len
feel.
The ascent after leaving the cable
• line ems in ashes and cinders, into
• wheel the foot sank as in dry ma• sand,
whin rendered progress laborious.
A floek of guides and helpers, with
• ropes, • slicacs or chairs surround as,
their ingenuity bent upon securing our
en frontage.
Sevehal hired canes, while one accept-
ed, the free end of a rope. the other eree
tremily of which was attached to a
earn!. Henan gentleman who look the'
rent of the tugboat. put nobody rode
in he chair, It was made clear to US
that the, law required that nobody should
A fartherascend without a tild.e, His
-4 fee was hall
• With Much labor we reached a point
about. 50 feet below the level of ithe
Crater. „Here we Were Informed that
,wc toold proceed no farther, as it was
dangerous beyond. '
The preCaution seemed silty, for • the
gaga was •simply puffing away just 11101
tiny peacehil old.gentleman enjoying as
after-dinner STIloke„
Upon every •hand were holes in the
.ecne, from which steam wee emanating.
visited half a dozen orthem, and ,found
the smoke hot and the earth waren
for quite a distance about The whole
top ot the Mountain was nothing bUt
thin sieve. Far down to the south-
ward, some ,four or five miles away, be -
Side ttm sea, was Pompeii, it was
about as distant 05 Naples, which le re
the northwest of the Volcano.
Pongee"! 100ked like a srna1l buitied.
moRY of WhOSO roofless walls
xaitgdht.
lgaunt chimneys still realigned up -
Some of ue expostulated with the
guides for ,net appeoachlag nearer to
the crater, 'but they were obdurate.
They replied that they had not dared to
approach • anther for a week, as Verse
who had studied the pheneinenon for
long periods had deelerea the danger
of violent explosions was very immin-
ent, and no one could say when the
peril was most intense. .
, 'We tried every device from.. bribery
to daring Wein, but to no Purpoeg,
To all our entreaties, inducements and
reptonches, they observed that if we
would, delay for a while we would
doubtlees•learn that they were not (wee -
muttons at ell Melees we desired to lose
cur lives or Serionsly"imperil theta;
Events soon proved the wisdem of
their seeming..overeaution, for of a :sea,
den the giant altered the rate of his
pining. For t,wo minutes he beld the
smoke in his lungs. Wliers it became
evident: that he was doing Una, .the
guides Warned us to keep a sharp look-
out. You niay be sure that we did,
-Atli A sound of the gratin/ of there -
sande of stones as they rushed up and
brushed therocky sides of the crater on
their way to the clouds filled the air.
A huge column Of Smoke four or aye
times as high and large in diameter as
any we had seen, burst out and piled
up like a huge pillar, several hundred
feet in elevation, while the air was full
el Maks and cinders which could le
plainly seen flying in all directions. After
asicendirig fore peehaps, 100 feet, fileY
fell back • with a clatter, and rolled
limn the mountain side. Had we been
much nearer, it is plain that none of
us omelet have escaped serious, if rot
fatal, injury, The ram of rocks was
too thick to permit dodging. A half -
cozen rolled down upon us, and the
party Speedily • grow entailer, only twe
guides and two of us with kodaks be-
ing silly enough to repeat the experi-
ence.
In the course of half an hour we
rimed a number Of pictures of these
violent explosious.
Two of them plainly show scores cf
rocks flying in the air. Upon more
than one occasion we dodged to escape
a descending piece of lava. We found
these fragments to be often xis large as
a human head anci they were so hot as
to retain the impression of a eeal or any
metal that one cared to hold upon
them.
By 7 in the evening we were again
at our hotel, the whole trip having oc-
cupied six hours, and entailing an exe
penditure of about $5 for each person.
We had seen the most, famous volcano.
Hi the world in eruption and taken pho-
tographs of it within 50 yards of its
crater, and had stood within the area
of its rain of lava -surely a litre ex-
perience, and all in all the most intense-
ly weird, impressive day of our jour-
ney except that at Canton, the show
place of all the world. .
CURIOUS, HUMAN DIARY.
Leaves From Last Jo- urnal ot Marquis
of Anglesey at Monte Carlo.
'The last diary kept by the late Mar-
quis of Anglesey before his death at
Monte Carlo is a curious human decal -
Ment. The book is bound in crocodile,
delicately scented with the Marquis'
'favorite perfume. • On the back is a
glittering galaxy of diamonds, set in
gold, forming the monogram of the two
crossed A's, surmounted with the golden
Anglesey coronet.
The following are extracts from the
diary, which we reprint from the Liver-
pool Daily. Post :-
October 17. -Seedy. Didn't get up.
October 18. -Go to see hospital with
G. et two o'clock.
October 21.- -goes to England for
Dat hat. They are all taken. I am
seedy. •
November 7. -Have the carriage.
Don't go out. Storm.
November 8.P -Drive out. Weather
so so. Feel a wee bit better. • Choose.
wall paper.
December 11. -Cold; go out. Grams -
phone arrives.
December 12. -Awful storm; elon't go
out. . •
Deoember 16. -Feet better. Arrive
Paris 6.15; E. P.' Hotel.
December 19: --Dull; Lunch with L.;
then shop. Leave for Monte 7.30. Very
seedy ell night.
December 20. -Fine. Arrive genie
11.30. Very tired- Go to bed at once.
December 25. -Lovely. Lunch Cap.
Martin with W.'s. Feel so so.
December 26. -Lovely. Don't go out.
Feel seedy. Get shoe]: in evening by
visit Comiesse G.; great scene.
December 27, -Lovely. Have to go
take tea with Comte,sse G. - conies in
v. late.
December 28. -Lovely. Drive out.
Feel so so.
December 20,Love1y. Drive alone.
Feel so so. See G. Seedy at night.
Dine in bed.
January 8 -Lovely; rest all day in
bed. Monkey errivcd.
January 14. -Lovely; cold. - tells
his troubles to me; I pity him. Don't
get Up. • •
January. 17, -Bain all day; don't go
out..
Then begins the last page. It is the
death flurry in a sense. It has only one
complete entry and part of a second
which reads thus :-
4 p. m.-100 point 7,
This evidently refers to his tempera-
ture.
Then follows the last unfinished en-
try:
8 p. m,
Them is no date here, and •the Mar-
quis died soon after it was writteh.
HASTENED TO REPORT.
"Hilliger," said Mrs. MeSwat, in a
determitsed tone of voice. "I want you
to go and look at that frirnace."
Me. McSwat crawled out of bed, thrust
his 'feet into hie slippers, and went down
two flights of stairs, into the basement.
1 to reterned in a surprisingly short
space, of time,
"Ws stilt %etre, Lobelia," he said,
crawling, into bed again.
But the day -worker acquires' more
cein then the ay &earner.
Make the best you can of the woest
You get.
TWo eesentials to success are dollars
arid sense.
the outlying suburban roads at a speedy
THE 'BUS •IS V• A!IISHING mare than double that of the trarcvsyee
terns.
At the rush hours in London it has
MOTOR VEHICLE IS TAKING ITS atilLeuagdir bweQorldifino rdtotiltahtehit.leful'ial'onaplai707
PLACE IN LONDON. With the utmost number of cars, are in-
adequate to cope with the demands of
passenger husiness. When the vast
The Great Cily to Get Ilia of 42 Miles
of Horseflesh in Order to Save ed,
27 Days"rime Each Day,
hendori is losing what always has
been one of its chief attractione to vis
hers -the picturesque leered omnibue
When this year's trans-Atlantic visitors
arrive here they will have to look hart
for this old-faiihioned, rumbling am
muter belabeled conveyance, with its
garrulous striver aug its leisurely
horses, says a London correspondent
As a partial compensation, they will be
able to get from one point of interest to
another as fest, and perhaps a littl
faster than they would be able to a
home, by means of the new motor mini
buses which, befoM litany months hav
passed, are pretty sure to -supersede th
familiar horse `buses altogether.
Almost, at every turn in London these
eivifir travelling omnibuses iney be seen
itleearcia.hlidslee
-pit
nitlYis bbeegsiantinsgrntoelt,refecitr
hs
with the fumes of petrol. And thougt
it MaY yet take some lilac timeto re
place the 1,850 omnibuses. now in Lon
don by these motor vehicles, the wort
,is going ahead rapidly, and each day
sees one oe two new Motor 'buses on the
streets.- Up to the present there are
about 500 of them plying over the 420
Miles of roads which go to make hp
the principal London thoroughfares.
Persons of artistic temperament and
those Who have plenty of lime on their
hands, may look with sadhess on the
disappearance of the horse 'bus from,
the streets of -
"DEAR OLD LUNNON."
It is true that human interest attaches
Vo the 'bus of the early -days,: which
dates back to '1829, when the first 'bus
I was seen in Englap.d. It was driven by
La man named Shillibeer and-appro-
'priately enough -its course lay between
one London saloon and another. The
'buses were hauled by three horses
abreast -as te Um ease on some of the
Paris streets to -day -and the fare for a
four -mile journey was 25,cents. which
included the use of a newspaper.
As a substitute for the newspaper ,in
modern times, visitors will recall with
pleasure the talkative driver,. ever
ready -with a tip in the ofUng-to point
out the names of public buildings. or lo
dish up London history at so many,
words a mile.
The disappearance of these horae
vehicles from the London sfreets wili
make a void; for all thlogs considered,
the 'bus. was. one of the most typical of
London's popular institutions. Every
'bus taken from the .streets means. the
emancipation of twelve horses'. The
total number of animals now employed
is 22,200. It has been estimated that
there, are 4a linear miles of horses now
running on the London roadway. The
removal of this number will be an im-
mense help in affordingspacein the
congested thoroughfares.
The introduction of the motor' 'buses
has not only relieved the horse, but
liberated the drivers by bringing their
hours of labor down from fourteen a
day, and sometimes seventeen, to eight
and ten; while their wages have been
proportionately increased. It title been
found that the old 'bus drivers make the
best motor 'bus chauffeurs; so the sen-
timent that .still clings to the profes-
sion of bus'driver.is not shocked.
NO TALKING ALLOWED.
°Maher of passengers that daily enter
and leave the central districts of London
is considerech a fair idea of the megni-
tude of
THE 'TRAFFIC PROBLEM
- may be obtained. For instance, the
. daily working population is 3,000,000
PeoPle-2,907,266 are an the move. In
1 the central .a,rea-about the bank and the
I ROyill Exchange -774 'buses and other
passenger -carrying vehicles pass a given
point, every hour during the busy thaw
With the present 'bus arrangements
great delays 15101 place all along the
lines of route, and the board of trade
e has recently estimated that not less than
t 329 hours a day . are lost in Lenders
- owing to the slow movements of horse
e teaflic. With. the introduction of motor
e 'buses throughout the metropolis a big
difference will be felt, and busy Lon-
doners will be able to get from place to
place in one third 'the time now occu-
pied.
Movements are now on foot to pre-
vent the further building ofstreet rail-
_ way lines, and the substitution in their
_ place of fast moving 'slater 'buses.
These 'buses cost on an average about
$4,500 mesh, being far less expensive
ethan the street cars, as no rails are re-
quired. Even on tram lines already,
having a service, it is proposed to put
• motor 'buses instead of cars and to dis-
pense entirely with the electric power
supply, making each car independent
of the others. As is well knotvneif one
car on an electric system crimes to a
standstill for any reason, the whole
line must be paralyzed for the time be-
ing.
As the street car lines are now aper-
ated in London tee speed is limited to
ten miles an hour, and the average.
journey of a sixteen -hour run, allowing
for stoppages, is only about 100 miles a
day. In America and other cities,
where street cars are operated and run
by electricity, the average day's run ,s•
160 or even 180 miles. .
With motor 'buses the average speed.
in London is fourteen milesan hour,
and in outlying districts, where traffic
is less congested, this speed is consi-
derably increased. The average earn-
ings of each motor 'bus in London are
from $50 to $60 a day. Passengers are
carried on top as well as inside, the
seating capacity of each motor 'bus be-
ing about 60 persons. When it is con-
sidered that the average takings of the
horse 'bus were only $10 a day, end
that nearly 27 days in actual hours are
lost each day in London owing to de-
lays in horse 'bus 'traffic, it no longer
remains a mystery that the horse 'bus
is to go.
At the same time there is a vast dif-
ference between the driver of a motor
'bus and one of the horse 'buses. The
quiet talks on the box must be done
away witb, for the motor chauffeurOsit,
quite away from the passengers. The
isolatedposition is necessary owing to
the complicated mechanism under their
control, evhich requires all their atten-
tion.,, The average wages of 'bus
drivers and motor chauffeurs is about
$10 a Week. d 'The life of 'the old 'bus
'driver, With its long 'hours and 'poor
pay, was looked upon •as.a hardship by
many •persons not well acquainted with
it, but the recent case Of the driver who
came into a fortune of 815,000 and yet
continued his work at the lines has
proved that the occupation is not so
arduous as is generally supposed.
The rapid conquests made by the
motor omnibus -within the last year, not
only 'n London but in Paris end Ber
lin, have attracted attention to 'that
vehicle as a solution of the street traffic
problem. The demand for these vehicles
in London alone is so great that several
large motor companies have orders al-
ready for two years ahead, and are
turning away business. The big com-
panies are .turning out motor 'buses as
rapidly as their works will allow, and
no less than $50,000,000 worth of capi-
tal 10 invested in motor 'bus inanega,c-
tura • • ese.
Many of these concerns -or nearly all
of them, it might, he said -are rivals ;
some building petrol carriegee, others
electric, and ,others steam. The various
types may he seen bidding for passen-
gers on meet of the streets; and there
Is cohsiderable discussion as to wind'
form ot motive power has come to
stay. According to the latest reports,
THE STEAM 'BUSES.
are great favor...One; there is less vibra-
tion b their molten, and the certainty
Cif reaching their destination seems more
aS'hlstreedi)rogress has raised impor
The tant
questions about certain bodies, Thotigh
Rio London county council has recently
expended handreds of thousands 1 f
PCI nds in building street -ens lino, ot.
tramways; run -en the orditiary rail
System with electric. powes Under-
groond., the advent 01 the motor 'bus
nes already begun to threaten the ex-
istence of these lines. The staternent
made that beforeeanother ten years has
tressed, the math° will Wedeln to pa.
troniee street ears, which will be almost
as old fashioned ns horse 'buses, 510 to-
day. The great disadvantage of the Lon -
(ion tramways is the feat that they are
limited as to speed, and ere made to
csawl along; while the motor 'hue, with
O fair field rind no fever, 00(1 the power
to go around obstr)bctions, is peetnitted
to tete& through the struts and along
RISE IN LAND VALVES.
Some of the Best Speculations in Land
on Record.
To those who are skeptical of the wis-
dom Of investing money in real estate
there are numerous instances of cities
where every inch of land is of great
value which have been: built upon sites
formerly sold for little or even given
away. The' United States and Canada
are rich in such examples. Canada es-
pecially has been the scene of great bar-
gains in land. During the first years of
its history James L made a' free gilt 01
the whole of Canada, together with
Newfoundland and Nova Scotia, to the
famous Lord Stirling. Some two hun-
dred years later a member of the suite
of the Governor of the colony was
granted 100,000 acres of land by Wil-
liam IV. Later this. was increased by
the addition of 500,000 acres. Sixty
years later a Canadian land company,
was given 3,000,000 acres, 2,000,000 be-
ing paid,for at the rate of 60 cents an
acre, and the rest a 'free gift.' As late as
1880 the Canadian Government:actually
made the Scotch -Canadian company a
present of $2,500,000 in cash,- as a
bonus., with a free grant of 25,400,000
acres. As there were many conditions
as to the development.of tlie territory in
the tern e of the grant, the bargain was
not so one-sided as itnt first appears.
Every one knows that the whole of
Manhattan Island was sold by the In-
dians for $24. Yet a plot of ground.
which was once a farm, and was granted
and still belongs to. Trinity Church,
yields a yearly income of 310,000,000.
Pennsylvania, the second most popu-
lous State in America, containing scores
op. prosperous cities, has an area of
about 4.5,0C , 7mare miles. This tract of
land was given over Sae William, Penn
in settlement of a comparatively. Shift-
ing debt which Charles H. owed 16
Penn's father, and which he found him-
self disinclined or unable to pay In
cash.
The game improvident, king was the
One who rented 2,700,000 square miles
of the land about Hudson Bay for a
yearly rental of two beavers and two
elk per annum. This has proved to he
one of the best speculations, in land on
reeord. Some Iwo hundred' year after
Rio deal the company of owners sold the
Major part. or this vast territory to the
Canadian Federation for $2,500,000, and
in the meantime it had been bringing "n
an average income of $500,000 a yenta
Not more than 270 years. ago the pre-
sent site of Liverpool was sold for $2,250
by a small London syndicate, who had
bought, it from Charles I. for even less.
The site of Johannesburg and most
of its gold. mines, which arc said to con-
tain over $1 e,000,000,000 worth of the
precious metal, were sold lees. than.
thirty ' years ago to an Englishman
nettled Pratt for the seM of 81,500. In
spite of its cheapness it, was a had bar-
gain for him, for because of his activity
in the first Boer war his property was
confiscated and he was driven to Eng-
land in a penniless state,
ORIGIN OF THE WOOLSACK.
The 'Woolsack, on which the Walsh
Loyd Chancellor sits, is a large square
beg of wool Covered willi red cloth. It
was fast used ,in the trine Of Edwerd
III, to i 'Mind the pada of the great
no tine ! Or the W001 imade to England;
and the tronsequent necessity of keeping
friendly with Viandetti.
MARRIED WOMENS' DEB FS
BIG DIIA PERS' EIIIMS ARE BELPLESS
ENOLAND,
Business Houses Are Not Protected
From LOSS Resulting From
Connivance.
If a were not for the fact that man-
kind ,. as a whole, is honest, English
drapers doing extensive business with
people of means would have to shut
their doors at once. They are absolute-
iy unprotected by law, A statement to
this effect was made by the managing
director of one of the best-known firms
in London. He referred especially to the
case of Paquin, Limited, v. Bolden, in
which the House of Lords he, just de-
cided that the suing. firm's appeal must
be dismissed without costs, and to the
proposed appeal to the Prime Minister
that the law may be altered.
EASILY SWINDLED,
"The position briefly is this. If a
wire says she is acting as her husband's
agent, she cannot herself be sued tor a.
bill. Wheti the husband is sued for
goods he has only to say he has forbid-
den his wife to pledge his credit -it may
be merely a private remark passed
across the breakfast table -and he also
is exempt from payment.
"A married couple who set themselves
to swindle us could exhaust their credit
and our patience and then not pay
penny by getting up these two separate
and contradictory defences and claim-
ing that the goods were not necessities.
MOTHER WOULDN'T PAY.
"We have had case after case, but it
is not worth our while to fight theree"
said the head of another large firm.
"Two young ladies bought goods from
us and then could not pay. Their fa-
ther said they had an allowance, and
beyond that be would not be respoia
sible. We wrote this transaction off our
broke as a loss."
Another firm said : "A girl of sixteen
or seventeen bought £12 worth of
dresses. We knew her mother to be a
wealthy woman, and believed the girl
was authorized to buy the clothes. Her
mother declined to pay, and the girl was
O minor. What could we do? Married
women are even more difficult to deal
with. If they will not pay, we cannot
make them.
"We cannot ask a lady if she is
authorized by her husband to buy.
goods, for she would simply leave the
amp. Introductions and references are
no safeguards, and as all the best trade
is done oix a credit basis we are obliged
to accept these risks or close our doors.
We ourselves never bring actions
against our customers, for other cus-
tomers, who may genuinely mean to
pay, think we invariably sue for back-
ward accounts, and do not return to us
when their own bill is settled."
• ANCIENT GEMS AND JEWELS.
Precious Stones Used in the Past In-
stead ol Money.
A few years ago some scientists ex-
cavating on the site of tha ancient city
of Tyre discovered tombs which, upon
teing opened, were found to contain
amber in the form of betide and other
jewelry. -Experts in archmology agree
that the tombs were constructed fully
500 years before the Christian era. The
amber, however, is of the same quality
as that found beneath the waters of the
Baltic Sea to -day, and there is no doubt
that at this ancient period it was being
passed from hand to hand by traders,
finally reaching the city of the past,
where 11 has again been brought to
light.
The tombs of Tyre, however, are but
a few of the strange places where prec-
ious stones have been discovered. As
is well known( emeralds of ,great value
have been found adorning mummies 10
the tombs of the Nile Valley; hut these
undoutedly came from Upper Egypt, for
recently traces of nsines have been
found near Mount Zabarah, where the
rook and .earth were excavated thous
sainds of years ago. That they were
emerald mines is shown by the fact that
small gems of this kind have been
taken from the place. It proves that the
stone was sought for and its value
prized mare than two thousand years
before Christ, as the tombs from which
the gems were secured we're built prior
to the year 2400 B. C.
History records it, says Chamber's
ammo', that precious stones were used
largely inetead of money in the past,
and the rich trader going from place to
niece, with caravan or vessel frequent -
le took' ,v1:12.,,him diamonds,. rubies,
pearls and othearasieres representing
great fortunes. While Setne-eneeee ob-
tained direct from the mines, most-!
taem were secured in exchange for
gems or for merchandise. This is why
amber has been found so many thou-
-sands of nines from the deposit whicli
yielded lt„ and why the pearls from the
nay or Panama were found centuries
ago in the bazaars of India. When a
steno perhaps no larger than the lin
of .one's finger would buy all the goods
which could be packed on the backs of
a score ohcamels *or horse, and the ani-
mals themselves, it is not strange that,
Rio world's currency in the old time
consisted largely of jewels. '
At the present day,' as in the past,
reeny have been discovered in strange
hiding places. While the pearl might
te called a mitive of the water, there
are other stones which are seldom found
except in 8 region absolutely waterless,
and where the socket. must endure the
rays of the blazing tropic 'sun. This
is especially true of opals found in tthe
New World.
The finest, specimen thus far discover-
ed. in the United Slates was picked up
h, rift Of rock at the foot of a moun-
Lain in the Idaho desert. Only by creole
dent (lid the discoverer notice it, and
had he not been On expert he would
probably have tossed it eside as a
worthless pebble, The principal opal
deposits or Mexico and Honduras are
located in the Meet desolete parte
of these cotintries end Where he
eley is cloudleee for menthe at
o time. in the heart of what is known
ar Rio ((Id region, Coneequently the
search can only be carried on with
groat ha rdship.
BR EADST (SEES.
TorentO, May 8, -Flour\ -- Ontario -
Steady; 90 per cent. patents sell at $3.10*
buyere' bags, eutsisle, ter export. Mani.
10h3 a-$4,30 to $4.50 for first patent,
ancl $3.90 to $4 for seconds,
Bon -- $21 bid, '1'oroote, $21 asked
to arrive Toronto, $17,75 asked, in bulk,
outaide.
Wheat - Ontario - No. 2 white, $1c
asked, outside, mixed 80Xe asked.
Whoa .Manitoba - leo. 1 northern
offered at 833Se, Point Edward; No. 2
Offered at earac, Point Edward.
Oates - No. 2 white offered at 36aSc
outside, 35yec bid main line, 38 -Xs asked
Toronto, 38aSs bid..
Peas 77Xc bid, 80c asked, outside.
Barley -- No. 2 52X0 aelred, outside,
r)oc, bid f,o.b. main line, 510 bid east,
•••••,,,••
COUNTRY PRODUCE.
Butter - The market is quoted un-
changed.
Creamery .... .... 22c to 23e
do solids .. . . 20e to 21c
Dairy lb. rolls'good to choice 17c to 18c
do large rolls 16c to 17e---.
do medium . . .. . . 15c to 16c
Cheese - 010 is quoted at 14c for
large and 14Xc for tevins.
Eggs - 16c for new -laid and 120 to
laSeo for splits.
Poultry Choice dry -plucked turkeys,
160 to 20e; fat chickens, 14c to 150, thin
10c to 12e; fat hens, 90 to 1,1c, thin 70
to 8c.
Potatoes - Ontario 65c to .750 per bac
out of Aerie; eastern, 70e to 80c on frac;
and 10c more out of store.
Baled Hay - $9.50 to $10 per ton for
No 1 timothy in car lots on track No
2 selling at $7.50 per ton.
Baled Straw - $5.50 to $6 per ton
for car lots on track here.
MONTREAL MARKETS.
Montreal, May 8. -- Cable offers in
Manitoba wheat showed no improve-
ment. Oats, No. 2, 41Xc; Na. 3, 40aec;
No.' 4, 39aec. Peas, 70c to 75c f.o.b, per
bushel. Barley, No. 3 extra, 56c afloat,
May; No. 4, 50. . Corn. No. 3, mixed,
56c; No. 3 yellow, 56X,c ex -track.
Flour --- Manitoba spring wheat pat-
ents, $4.50 to $4,60; strong bakers', 33.-
90 to $4..10; winter wheat patents, $4 to
$4.25; straight rollers, $3.80 to $3.90; do.,
in bags, $1.75 to $1.85; extra. $1.40 to
$1.60. •
Millfeed - Manitoba bran, in bags,
8JS.50 to $19.50; shorts, $20.50 to $21.
per ton; Ontario bran, in bulk, $18.50
to $19.50; shorts $20 to $20.50;
milled =Wile, $21 to $25; 'straight
grain motalle, $25 to $27 per ton.
Bolted Oats - Per bag, $1.95 in car
lots, $2.05 to $2.10 in small lots.
Cornmeal - $1.30 to $1.40 per bag.
Hay - No. 1, $9; No. $8; clover
mixed, $6.50, and pure clover, $6.
Cheese - Dealers offered only about
103ec to 103c.
Butter - Sales were made to -day at
18c to 1.9c.
Eggs - Prices firm at 15aec to•16Xe.
Potatoes - 65c to 700 per bag.
Beans -- Prime pea beans, 81.65 to
81.70 per bushel; hand-picked, $1.80 per
bushel.
Honey -- While clover, in comb, 18e
to 14c; buckwheat, 10e to 11c per pound
section,:..exjrav -270' .b.nnksulloat, . _ .
5%0 tO 6e per pound.
Maple Syrup -- 60e to 65c per nine -
pound tin.
Maple Sugar - 90 to 10c per pound.
Provisions - Barrels heavy Canada
short cut pork, $22.50; light short cut.
$21.50; barrels clear fat backs, $22..50;
compound lard, 7Xc to 7Xe; Canadiah
pure lard, 11Xe to 1.23.ec; kettle render-
ed, 12Xc to 133'e; hams, 13Xe to 15c,.
according to size; braalrfast bacon, ,16c
to 17c; Windsor bacon,. 150 to 15Xo;
fresh killed abattoir dressed hogs, $10.-
25, alive, $7.50 for selects.
BUFFALO MARKET,
Buffalo, May 8. - Flour - Firm.
Wheat - Nominal; one car No. 2 red,
sold at 89%c. Corn - Stronger; No.
2 yeilow, 55Xc; No. 2 corn, 54Xc. Oats
-Stronger; No. 2 white, 37c; No. 2
mixed, 35Xe. Barley - Stare lots
quoted 47 to 52e. Rye - Quiet; No.
.2 in store quoted 65e, carloads.
NEW YORK.WHEAT MARKETS.
' New York, May 8 - Spot bailey
steady; No. 2 red, Ole nominal elevator; •
No. 2 red, 93c f.o.b. afloat; No. 1 north-
ern Duluth„ 89c f.o.b. -afloat; No. 1
northern Manitoba, 88eec f.o.b. anat.
LIVE STOCK lafAllKErS
Toronto, May 8.-A fairly beavy run
of cattle was offering at. the Western
Marlset this morning.
Export Cattle - About the best Cattle
on the market sold at $5.10 per cwt.
Choice are, quoted at $1.00 to $5.15, me-
dium fo good at $4.50 to $4.75, bulls et
$.3.50 to $1, and cows at $2.75 to $4.25.
Butcher Cattle Picked lots, $4.75 to
85, good to choice, $4.10 to $4.65; fitir
le good, $3.75 to $4; common, $2.50 to
$3; cows, $3 to $a; bulls, $3 to $4; can -
taw $1.50 to $2.
StoralSoese and Feeders Sbort-keep
feeders ard......potecl at 84.75 to $S.85.
heavy feeders aa-aid0 to $4.90, meditme
al $2.50 to $3.50, brills a $2 to $2.75s
good stockers run at $3.75 eg4,4i Ugh!
at $3.25 to $3.70, rough coinrne,..?:'
$2 to $2.75, and bulls at $1.75 to $21olt..„
Mitch C-ows - Quotations pre tire;
changed at a range of $30 to '$60 each
Calves - Quoted unchanged at 3c to
6e per lb.
Sheep and Lambs - They are quoted
at $a75 to $5.50 for ewes and $3,50 to
$4 for bucks, Grainfed lambs are loiver
a, $6.75 to $7,25, and spring lambs
steady at 83 to $0.
Hogs -- Quotations at Lats. market
are unchanged at $7,15 per cwt.
selects and $6.90 for lights and hits, red
and watered.
VICTIMS OF DYNAMITE.
'row Men Killed' in New Brunswick
l'rernature,
A despatch It;om St. John, N. 13., ersyst
Word was received here on Wedriesdaa
or the killing of form Teen on the Aroos-
took River, hear the Maine bonier, by
a dynamite explosion. Preparatory to
beginning log-drieing operations four
nien. Were enipleyed in blowing Mit ice
in it piece of deed water, While thaw-
ing dynemite toe this purpose It quarn
tity or it exploded, •bloeving the Work,
men to pleees, Three 61, the dead teen
were New Brunewickeee and One treat
Maine. • Tato lectee fattillie4e,a