Exeter Advocate, 1901-6-13, Page 2te****044*******$*
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STEAMING PLANTS.
A womarl. famous among her
frien,ds for thrifty house plants
ascribes her success to her practice
el steaming them. "Whenever they
begin to droop and look ae if they
needed 'toning up' they get a treat-
ment," she said recently. She has
a row of hooks arranged on the
bathroom wall over the tub and
from atiese suspends tne pots by
strings to within 'two feel of the
water, the plants having previously
had a thorough watering. The door
and window are closed with the ex-
ception of a narrow crack left at the
top of one of the latter, and the tub
is filled with water hot enough to
allow a gentle steam to rise and per-
vade the atmosphere. In this posi-
tion the plants are left for an hour,
and the operation is repeated until
they are restored to health. This,
of course, can only be clone in a
room with painted walls, as the cone
Stant steaming will loosen paper.
If the cause of blight is a worm
at the root, the steaming will not
avail, and, according to this suc-
cessful gardener, an investigation is
a. simple matter. A plant of aver-
age size can be reinovecl from the
pot by turning it upside down, hold-
ing the base of the plant firmly, and
letting the ball of earth fall into the
hand. A gentle tapping on the side
of the pot will facilitate this. Us-
ually the worm will be found near
side of the pot.
If, however, it cannot be seen,
another test can be made. A round
stick with rough edges—or, better
yet, a round file—pushed into the
soil close to one side of the pot, and
gently turned so as to produce a
soft grinding sound, will after sev-
eral minutes drive the worm to the
surface. The experiment is one sure
to entertain children. "There! Tell
me a worm doesn't think!" said a
woman the other day as a long
slender angle -worm wriggled out of
the pot to the floor. This method
is not unknown -to boy fishermen,
who employ it in the soil to call
forth the bait. -
Few people meet with success in
the care of fern balls, and this is
probably due to two causes; either
cheap ones are bought, or they are
not kept wet enough. Once the
roots suffer from lack of water the
fate of the plant is sealed. Like all
plants which are surrounded on all
sides by the air, they should have a
large quantity of water. A good
plan is to arrange a hook over the
shelf in the butler's pantry or some
similar place, and every morning fill
the sink with tepid water, plunge the
plant in it and soak it for ten or
nfteen minutes, and a longer time
will not hurt it. Then hang it on
the hook over the sink and let it
drain thoroughly before returning it
to the window. The fern ball wants
plenty of light., but no direct sun.
It should never, even in the summer,
be hung out of doors, because it
does, not take kindly to draeghts.
TESTED RECIPES.
Creamed Cod.—To one pint of hot
mashed potatoes add one beaten egg,
a gill of milk, and salt and pepper
to taste; beat with •a fork until very
light,. Tear ane pound of boneless
cod in pieces and scald it, put over
a slow fire putting it on in cold
water; when it comes to a boil,
drain and repeat the process; drain
again and press until dry. Make a
sauce with a tablespoon of butter
and two level spoonfuls of flour; add
one pint of hot milk, and when it
thickens season with pepper and add
the fish. Butter a pudding dish, and
line the bottom and sides an inch
thick with the mashed potatoes; fill
with the cod and white sauce; cover
with the mashed potatoes and bake
a nice brown.
Potato Puffs. --Boil and mash the
potatoes,. and while hot make into
balls the size of a large egg. Butter
a tin sheet, brush over the balls
with yolk of an egg and brown them
quickly in a hot oven. which will
take from five to ten minutes. Slip
them from the tin with a knife to a
hot platter and serve at once.
Wateninelon Cake,—This cake con-
sists of two parts, the white and the
red. For, the white part take two
CUPS of sugar and one of butter; beat
them to a cream, add a scant cup of
sweet, milk, the whites of six eggs,
two teaspoons of cream o' tartar,
one of soda, or three level teaspoons
of 'baking powder, and three and a,
half clips ' of flOwer. For the red
part take one ,cup ,of red sugar,
which 'may be obtained, at a 'confec-
tioner's or a drug store, and 'hall
cup of butter, a third of a cup of
milk, two cups of flour, the whites
of four eggs, a teaspoonful of cream
o' tartar, half a teaspoon of soda,
two level teaspoons of baking pow-
der, rind one teacup full of stoned
raisins. Take an oval pan, or if you
have none a round pan will do, line
it carefully with buttered paper, and
pour in a little over an inch in
thickness of the white cake. Line
the sides with the remainder, making
the thickness of the white cake uni-
form , everywhere with the bottom.
Pour the red cake in the centre. It
is better to have , to persons at
work in filling the cake mould, as
there is some difficulty in keeping
the red mad White layers apart, at
the sides. Baked in a melon mould
and iced thickly with icings colored
with spintacli green, or white icings,
In which half a cup of firmly chopped
pesta.chio nuts have been stirred,
this cake is very ornamental."
Soft'ginger cakes are made as
,
lows:
fel-
One cupful of molasses, one cupful
of sugar, one cupful of butter, one
cupful of sour crown, foer eggs, ,one
teaspoonful of F3ocla, one tablespoon -
02 ginger, and flone to make a
stiff batter: Bake In small pans.
IT TIAS BEEN NOTICED—,
That _seine nooks beat eggs On 0,
CANADIANS IN WEST AFRICA.
Major W. c, Heneiter and tho officers of
the Third West African Force Enjoy-
ing a Meal After a Hard Hay's Marcia
The Wet African expedition now.
progreesing towards Benin City ie of
eepeeial intereat to Canadians, because
its commanding officer, Major Hene-
ker., is a Canadian on of Mr. R. W.
Ilenek.er, of Sherbrooke, Que., and the
transport tifficer is Lieut. W. 10. W.
Carstairs, formerly a captain in the
56th Prescott .Battalion Canadian mi-
litia. The expedition started from Old
Calabar for Benin City early in Feb-
ruary, and Lad, up to recent advices,
• verty 'hard time of it. Lieut. Car-
stairs, under date of Immerterraiga,
March 25, eaid: "For the past two
weeks it has been fight, fight, fight,
every day, but we have wiped the
enemy out or nearly ee. I was wound -
• on the 20t1iinsr. in the right fore-
arm and left Log, but ani happy to
say, that I am fast recovering." In
another' letter from Ekisiga, on
Fe,bruary 14, Captain Carstairs, said:
"We have juet captured tide town of
about 30,000 or 40,000, 'without a single
ca,satialty. We, expect to add at least
4,000,000 people to the empia:e in this
eapedition."
The ecene of the above illustration
is laid in the lIbiorn country to the
na-rth of Opoho, in Southern Nigeria.
A truculent tribe had closed the mail
route, and threatened to kill any
white men and soldie,rS 'who appeared.
Major Heneker was ordered to take
two companies', one seven -pounder,
one Maxim, and on rocket tube, and
to proceed to the place, and there
bring, tha tribe to its proper state
of submission. This was achieved
with twenty casualties only, after
twelve town e had been attaeked and
destroyed.
1While net as exciting in the way
of sensational incidents as Sir Fred-
erick. Hodgson's jour-ney to the coast
from the Ashanti capital, .this ex-
pedition, in which Canadian a have fig-
ure,c1 so prominently, has been of
great valm.‘„ to the Empire, and proves.
once more how capable the Sons of
the Maple are to do any work that
they may be called upon to do in be-
half of the flag and the extension of
the Empire.
womorSISMISM=1••=1.1.
soup plate, using a fork instead of
a whisk. .
That in making fish bans; croquet-
tes, etc., an agreeable flavor is, im-
parted by putting- a whole clove in
the article to .be fried and removing
it before serving, as it Would be un-
pleasant to bite into the clove, Ex-
tract of clove May be ,used instead,
.but it does not impart quite so fine
• flavor.
That butter or cream may be sub-
stituted for olive Oil in .almost, any
recipe if the taste of the oil is •dis-
agreeable.
That eggs can be beaten more
quickly and will stand up better if ,
a pinch of salt be added.
That a croquette mixture May be'
dropped into hot fat in small .quan-
tities from the end of a spoon and
will be found 'nearly as nice as when
moulded 'into shapes, which requires
so mod) tithe and Care.
In using gelatine great care should
be taken that it .is thoroughly dis-
solved. . It is a good planate stramn!
it through cheesecloth. •
Less gelatine is required, if it is to
,
stand OVer tight before using than
if needed as quickly . as poseible.
• If it is .desired .to : cool, gelatine •,
jelly very quickly the dish which
contains it May . be placed in a pan I
of cold Water, to which some rock '
salthas been added.
In separating eggs be careful not
to let any of the yolk become mixed'
with the whites; as they cannot be
beaten as well. .
Moulds shouldalways be dippedin
cold water before the ,jelly is poured
in.
A CURIOUS MILLIONAIRE,
WHOLE NEIGHBORHOOD TRANS-
FORMED AT HIS WHIM.
Employed eao vrontmen In Tainting a
wilderness Into 0 'magnificent nace
or nesidenee—nenattons Ninth ' 11ts
rain °rite iiceper.
Probably no more. interesting per-
sonality has been brought before
the public for many 'years than that
of the late Sir William Cunliffe
Brooke', against wlaose estate of some
43,000,000 claimare being made to
the extent of 4800,000 says the Lon-
don Express. As will be remember-
ed the case le now, being tried. in
Edinburgh, by Ilvhiela the claimants*
are endeavouring to prove that his
chief residence was Glen Tana, near
Aberdeen. I ,
When Sir William firet rented the
property from Lord Iintiatley the
!house was merely a small fishing box.
So he inainediately set to work and
practically rebuilt it, pulling down a*
great deal of small property to make
room for the new-, manor. From that
time to the date of his death 200
workmen were tonatantly employed in
turning the one-time wilderneas into
a magnificent place of residence. Ac-
1cording to Sir Willia.m's own estim-
ate, he apent regularly 420,000 a year
upon the property; and this exclu-
Sive of the £150,000 which is stated
as having been the initial price of
the purchase. I
I' place of the cottagee which he
destroyed, others, replete with every
modern convenience, had to be erect-
ed ; -the eauree of the river was de-
flected toe, forra miniature lakes and
•
caseades were planted, and in one case
410,000 was pa.id ,by 'the eccentric mil-
lionaire- fon the "Wood" of a forest, so
that by their beconaing hie property
the "trus.tees would be unable to sell
them t6 tinsthea- merchants to be cut
down.
In eliort, the whole of the neighbor-
ing countryside 'has undergone a com-
plete trans,forrnation at his hands.
EVEN A DEER FOREST'
has not escaped "improvement."
Within quite a shoat time of his oc-
cupation Sir William 'encircled its
vast limits with a wire fence, seven
feet- 3m height, which was eonstruct-
dd in rich a way ae to allow. deer
to enter but not to leave it. .
He wae never ea happy as when
stalkjrng in the d'e.er foreets, accom-
panied by giita favorite keeper, Don-
ald 'Macintosh. A.nd of these two men
several! amusing anecdotes are told.
One of them relates how Macintosh
found a big rock in the Tana waters,
and said to Sir William that he would
very much like to have' it placed up -
en his grave when he' died. As the
game idea 'had already occurred to Sir
William he announced that "maters
should come, first and servants af-
terwards." The keeper, with the cus-
tomary lineage of old retainers,
promptly disputed the point, and af-
ter a lengthy argu.rnent induced hie
master to 'agree that the first otne
to ,die should have the stone. Poor
"Mac" died fixt, and, the rock now
forme thci headstone of his grave.
As further illustrating the rela-
tione which existed betWeen these two
the story IS 'recorded of an incident
which happened while they NV-ef:ra trav-
elling in the Far Eaelnillpen the quay'
where they had landed Sir William
euddenly stopped Short and asked
Donald whether ha had any money
in his pocketS, "Lor -r -d, yes,' repli-
ed the uneuepecting gilfie, pulling, out
a handful of gold and silver, from
hie pocket. "Here's as ,Inuokle asql
des for a day or two., "Whereupon
William, without a Nvord of warn-
ing, flung out hie lia.ncl and scatter-
ed the tains over the 'quayside, to the
evident consternation of his canny
companion. Nor did he lose the op-
portunity of reading him a long les-
son on the' foolishness of thus wan-
tonly expOking era's wealth, to the
gaze, of po....Sibly eniirmin.ai eyes.
ISUridays" &on to have 'been lime ens -
ternary daykor Sir William Brook'
JAPANESE SHIPYARDS.
One in Tomo which Coveri Nearly sixty
Acres.
The determination of Japan to be -
coma in every sense a modern nation
iV ha no line. of development made
More plain than in the matter of
ship -yards. The Tokio shipyard, cov-
ering fully 03 acres, is reported as em.-
ploying 3,000 men. who have all the
lateet machinery, including pneuma-
tic riveters', and eix steamers of 180,-
000 tome axe on the stocks, two of
thena for the Nippon Yuen Kaisha.
The fact that the work,e are equipped
with electricity is a further indica-
tion of the progressive spirit . now
ruling.
The ship -building yard at Nagasaki
aleoegoing ahead, but special. Inter=
est attache§ to the new, GOvnnninent
steel works., Some 5,000,000 yens have
, ,
already been spent, but 15,000,000 have
been voted. The work § are on the
ea.s .
tarn sho'es Klush• the most
of
southern of the large islands, form-
ing the erapire,,and it is, therefore,
contiguous to China. The establish-
ment, which covers 230 acres, is close
by the ,coal fields connected with the
railway, and a seaport having over
20 feet Of water, will be convenient
for the shipping of the finished pro-
ducts ` to the northern islands, and
also to China which ultimately, must
become a large customer. The works
are thoroughly equipped. In addition
to blast furnaces there are coke ovens
and lin the steel departnaent open
hearth Bessemer furnaces, with a full
set of rolling mills for ploughing,
three bar mills' as! well as rail, sheet
and Plate rolls,. There are steel and
iron foundries, boiler shops, labora-
tories, testing and other departments.
The work will soon ber put in opera-
tion, construction being far advanced.
EPITAPH AND PUN.
Otte evening at a stinall party winch
included the -two friends', Douglat
Jerrold and Charles Knight., the au-
thor-priblisher, the „talk turned on
eptitaphrs,
As they were walking home togeth-
er, Inight., halt lightly and half in
earne,st, asked th,e ,wit to write his
epitaph for hisna, ;Jerrold made no
answer, but when the.y ,came to tlie
parting of their waysl he suddenly
said:
I've got your epitaph.
7/ell, nrhat is ita
Good Inniglit I
toure of inepection around the pro-
perty, He would, give lavish orders
far the building of houses and cot-
tages-eafter hie Own, designs Prin-
cipally—and would refuse to look
at the until they were fully cepa-
platen. He would then go lroinad,ann
either praise the result or, should he
oot like, it, order it to he at once ,
RAZED TO TI -IE GROUND. ,
Another eccentricity lay in hiS love
of ineeriptn>ns. If you pleased him
you were promptly presented with a
card containing some queer quota-
tion written in red , and 'blue chalk.
Thole colours, 1)y the way, soon be-
came regarded as dietinctive of the
man. The lintels of the cottages he
built, the door e of hie, rooms, and the
ceiling of Lie dining -room at Glen
Tana were all covered with Strangely
illuminated mottoes.
Although an Englishman by lairth
his heart and gatil seem to have been
centred on the banks of Tana water.
He, dressed his dependants in u tar-
tan of loie own invention, and gloried
in the. "pipes" that called him in the.
morning and played to him after din-
ner at night.
Far Mr. Ian Cecil, hie heir, he had
a great affection and ie 'said to have
induced him againet drink, and to
have induced him .to align the pledge.
Not that Sir William wag an abstain-
er himaelf, for this lie was not. In
fact, so proud was he of his port,
of which he. had a [renowned cellar.
that he frequently referred to his bot-
tleaa his "babies.'
;Visitors to the' estates were gen-
erally eurprieed to find curious cairns
bearing equally curious inscriptions,
dotted about in out-of-the-way places.
Thee find explanation in the fact
that wherever a deer was shot Sir
William ordered a monument, bear-
ing full particula.re as to weight and
date, to be erected.
In adclition to cleetr-stalking, llaow-
ever, Sir William took a keen inter -
et in ualmon fishing; and as the
Tana is only a trout stream he rent-
ed, a portion of the Dee.
Apart from these sports, his ideas
of e,xercis'e seem to have been some-
what primitive. It ie related that,
like, the snail who chartered two cabs
and walked bettv.een them, our ec-
centric millionaire need to make the
coachman drive hie trap while he
himself ran behind it. `
TORONTO'S BIG CLOCK.
Facts Abourtlecoeisieinoti'hettilevorIl,:it.rgest Ti:ne
The four dials are 20 feet in dia-
meter and are made of half-inch
g,rouncl glass set in iron frames. In
the centre of each dial is a circle,
containing four hinged sashes,
through which it is possible for a
man to crawl, if it is necessary to
work on the outside of the dial. The
dials weigh about fifteen tons, and
the steel braces that provide against
the enormous wind pressure on the
glass weigh six tons.
The hands are of copper. They
are: hollow and counterbalanced on
the inside., ,The large hands are nine
feet six inches long and the small
hands five feet six inelies.
The three bellsweigh, roughly, aix
tons, a ton and a half, and one ton
respectively. The motive power for
the clock:and bells is furnished by
three weights, wound up by electric-
ity once a week.
The pendulum of the clock is 14
feet 8 inches long, and weighs 500
pounds. Once started, it would
swing for ten hours Without any
other power than its own momentum.
If the length of the pendulum shaft
should alter, through contraction or I
expansion by cold or heat, the clock I
would run fast or slow accardingly.'l
To overcome this the shaft is made
of iron and zinc, the expansion of
one being compensated -by the con-
traction of the other.
The, clock is 280 feet above the
ground.,
FIRE! FIRE I! FIRE!!! f
T'h'e room was OD fire, and at the,
window stood a fair and. lovely Crea-
ture. Frantic .with horror, lie push-
ed through the people aol called up -
On the firemen -to save her.
Stand bac,k, :Oared a policeman,
forcin,g him bac,k into the crowd
again.
Stand back, shouted the man, and
see a fellow -creature perish before
my eyes?
To his disgust the crowd gazed on
in apathy. Wretches! he shrieked,
painting to the poor lady at the win-
dow. Are you blind? Arid with a
road rush he had da,shecl up the stairs
and seized the lady round the.waist
and had borne her to the outer air, in
a few, secon,ds. His agitation and the
heat caused him to nearly faint, but
laa had juist enough atre-ngth to
place her in the arras of a policeman,
amid thfa ,shouts the crowd. But
good gracious! What (wo-a that?
Did his ears deceive hint?' Instead of
a great cheer for him, a treraendou
roar of laughter greeted" the heroic
act! IIe glanced at the lady he had
rescued from a fiery fate, and the
reason of their mirth was at once ap-
parent, and amid the laughter of the
un,sympatlattic crowd he fled. He
had rescued the milliner's dummy!
A VENTILATOR.
To make a ventilator in a hay
maw prepare a SqllarB box about five
or six feet long and 16 or 18 inches
Square, omf thin boards, ancl place it.
where a fluc is to be made in a mow,
and draw it up as the maw is built.
The top of the ventilator should be
left open. Tho tube may lbe kept
froen droPping into the flue by nail-
ing a PiCC,3 Of board .near the bottom
when Mow is done. Then pile hay
arouncl the tube unta it will tand
alone. By this means an efficient
ventilator will be formed.
By thus letting cool air into the
middle of a rnow, or etack, bay that
would otherwi:e "mow -burn" 11 los
keptcool and save wall., A barrel
some t imes e rn pl oyo for naakl,rig a
-ventilating flue. The barrel nau.T.'
bl drawn up a few inches at a time
as the hay is Stored around it,
POLICE SPIES IN PRISON,
MOST MYSTERIOUS BODY OF OFFI-
CIALS IN THE WORLD.
Scotland Yard's Starr Or Detectives-1'er•.
titinaougtpcsroine.
s§Daties—
It might be. thought that when the
police, have terre.sied a criminal and
obtained for him a suitable term of
inal'xiS'Onment tbeir interest in him
lapse§ for nt le-ast So long as he is
Safely incarcerated. Put such is not
always the. case.. Sometimes' the po-
lice arrest and get convicted a' man
wlab might be able to !give them most
valuable information coticerning othe
en crimes; and criminals ; anl there is'
no time at which n felon Is more frank
than .when in prison, and no pereon
to -Whom he more' readily confides bis
deed* in the paat and plans for the
future as la feAlOVV,-felOn.
In France every advantage:is „tak-
e]; or, this', and detectives are sent
to prison,—beceming for ..the time
common gaolebirds--for the express
purpose of meeting eriminale and °13h
taining thaireonfidence. It i$ oleo
done, leas frequently, in England, and
from timct to time 'the police secure
in thisj way most valuable information
which could not be obtained'by any
other- rne,anst says London Tit-13its.
Scotland, Yard has a staff of • detec-
tives: w,ho form .one of the most mys-
terious, bodies of officials in the World
so mysterious ..that not one person in
a thousand knows more about them
than that they, exist. They are em-
ployed in caste where absolute sec-
recy. is required. 'They never make
arreste, they never gi.ve evidence in
any court—in short, they never do
anythin'g which would imply that
they have, the reinoteet connection
with the police: Yet they execute
ruost important duties'. So close is
the secret kept that none of the or-
dinary etaff ,hnow by sight or name.
any ,of this myeterious body of detec-
tives'. They are totally unknown to
each ether; indeed, ths probabilityais
that tho only p,er,gon who is acquaint-
ed with them and could say how many
there are Le the head of the Criminal
Investigation Department.
It is. thee& men, who, among hull-
drede of Other difficult and danger-,
ous duties, haia 'from time to time
to become gaol -bird, and worra them-
selves into the confidence of criminals"
whom the pollee believe could render
very valu,a.ble information. For a
famous thief -catcher to attempt to
disguise himself in prison -dress and
Inaba:nate hie' way into ,the trust of
thieves would, it 'is manifest, be the
sheerest stupidity Prisanadreas is
about as bad a disguise as anyone
could possibly assume, and clever
rogu.es make it one of their first tasks
to learn the personality of every Scot-
land. Yard deteetive.
But the gaolhbiagl Who a•t labonr,
yearns to say something, to someone
else than the merolbers of the prison
staff, and blabs out that lac wants 'a
pal for a job he. Means to work when
he gets out or come other equally
interesting item of information, May,
for all he knows or Suspects, be, wins-
pering itt the,. ear of a Government
spy who la living like a felon simply
on the chance of eliciting the infor-.
motion thenbeing freely. accorded
Detectivee often have put before
them clues and' other matters the
$011TCC of which the,y cannot conceive,
and net ti little of it is supplied to
their chief by innocent' Taien who wear
prison -dress and eat prison -fare be -
chase it is a part of thteir duty.
It may, have been noticed„that Some
habitual criminals are arre,sted for
crimes committed or contemplated
shortly after lidag discharged from.
priSon. .The 'reason 'often is- that in
prison-, they • have confided their -do-
ings or plans to telloW-convicts,—in
the hone, ' perhaps of getting pals
for future enterprieee, but generally
froth the boastfulness and' .love, of
talking—who have 'dully reported suc,h
convers.ations to 'Scotland Yard:
'For example,,a w,eek or tvio sincen,
man was arrested in a West -end gar-
den for being On inclosed • premises
with intent to commit a. felony with-
in a week of hie discharge from .pri-
San, where he harl been for a burg-
lary cammitte,d at Norwood. Now,
the fact about this affair which would
strike most people as being Stranger
than any of the, others is, that for
three nights 'prior to that on which
them rna.n was arrested a plain -clothes
officer waS Waiting the .garderi
without any apparent object. The
simple explanation ia, that t,he police
aver,e instructed that an attempt'
would be made some 'time after a par-
tienlar date, that' on, which the, crim-
inal...was to be discharged, to break.
into and a rob a certain West -end
house, and someone should be order-'
ed to s,ee that the attempt failed 'add
the burglar arrested. Thua the Man
found ,hiniself captured, ere he could
commence operations. He of course
knew ,he had teen "given owav" by
Same prison pal, to whom he had told
hisi Plans, brit he, could -hardly have,
igitilsserodysttheaxtoulle mem alVliansg 0.:Pferoopif
Scotland Yard, whieh was the case.
The "pal" vvae, how -ever, not "doing
time," i'o.r tbe purpose of discovering
contemplated burglaniee,, but, to en-
deavor to extraet some information
not from the prisoner, whose tonfid-
encehe Old obtain, but froth one who
was in gaol for crimes' committed by
him in company with other men
whose identity the police desired to
know. Many a c.r'iminal escapee im-
mediate. arre,st enly to be ,hetrayed
by an indiScreet and less lucky coin-
pa.nion, in crime, many mere than the
,man in the mst:'aa 1 Would suppose.
But it in net enly to elicit infer -
matron frO/2.1 prieoner.e that spies are
put in prisons. The.ro are black sheep
In every fold, and not every prison-
wa..rder is„ incorruptible. Semetimes
thorn aris,e.Ei in official min -ds vague
sinspicians.that in corlain prisons war-
ders, are rinuggling, food, tobacco or
letters info .ce118 for prisoners' pos-
eeesing means of paying for such
favors. How arc such Suspicions JO
be confilnineil or dispelled? Convicts
can hardly be relied upon to betray,
WarderS Who have roudered their' aor-
vioos Which thro law forbids, lionco
the imprisonment of a spy has to be
resorted to a§ tlie only means of get-
ting at the truth.
In snob, caee.s it, la not infrequent-
IY eoneldexed expedient that the Spy,
slfould go through the re.gular etx.iges
which lead to the. Prieoulcengearrest,
t:r,h1,1;. and coMmittal--to obviate any,
suepicion, 'in the minds of the war-
ders of th'e prison lie is doetined
to enter; and when thie is done no
one connected with the charge—ex-
. .
c,epttag the innoeent accueed—ie aware
of the t.rue character ,of the proceed-
ings. But this course is never adopt-
ed when it can be safely left out,as
it: approachei a travesty of justice
which the legal and police authoni-
ties very properly abhor. More often
it is found sufficient to dump a spy,.
down in a prison as if lie were trans-
ferred from another prison for rea-
eWis best known .to the authorities'.
In the event of a s,py being placed
in a prison to inve,stigate abusee of
their positions by m'embers of the
staff of warders, the governor and
deputy -governor of the prison are
generally acquainted with the real'
reason of the prisoner's presence, 60
that he may be able to speak with
them, whenever he desires to do so
but no More liberties are allowed him,
than the duly convicted criminale.
julst what they are—except that
he may,‘ perhaps, have etronger de-
sires to chew, bit of tobacco, get
an extra half -loaf a bread at din-
ner, or nend a letter to a friend out-
side the gaol.
IT IS NOT HEREDITARY,
DRUNKENNESS: NOT TRANSMITTED,.
FROM PARENT TO CHILD.
Ertl 01 ERVII.0111111C3It. a Strong Factor tn.
the Sprea1 or orunicenness--Int?ortant
itcport on the subject of Inebriety.
It is nowt eighteen Months Since
(the Society for the Study of Inebrij
ety appointed a special' cciMmittee id
consider the relation of heredity to
inebriety, says a London .better. The
committee waa composed of five phy-,
sician,s, two eungeonS, a professor of
bacteriology, an. army surge,ofl,.
and five general inedical practia
tionera Eighteen monthhave been,
spent in investigation.. The report
of this committee has just been pub*
Heated and it is signed by nine of the
fourteen members, some of whono
have mada comments, while one hag
sent ha an independent report. The
reference to the 'committee /was in
these terms: to investigate the con-
ditions under w,hich the' tendency of,
drunienanass 10 capabl'e of transmis,,
,sion to offspring. ' It does' not ,ap-
pear to bo contended that inebriety is-
itt
itself hereditary, but that a capa.'
city or tendency to, it is heritable.
The report declares that the ine
briety, of' an individual depe,nds upon
three con,dition,s—the ',Litt being an
inborn capacity for enjoying the seia
sations which 'alcohol proauces, and
the. second and third being acquired
--personal experiences of the pleas"-'
fires of alcohol and tho•increased de-'
light -which continued Indulgence cone' ,
fers in th.e case r...q the inebriate. That
one drunken generation ,often suea
c,eed's another suggests a hereditary
taint. The conanaittee ,adds that
there ie no evidence that acquire&
characters of any kind are heritable.'
This appears to have been a much
debatedque.stion.
Popular , opinion has taken or
granted 4104 the acquired charadter-
isties of parents are likely to be in-
herited, . and, of course, "tei.uperate,
reformers.," well-meaning, but often -
ignorant and 'misguided, have, not '
been slow to urge upon the piablie
that each man's drinking is pretty
sure to produee-for him. a ,generation
of children who 'will bacon:be drunk.,
ands. If this be net, true the tem-
.porance reformer, who is generally ini
favor of en.tire abstinence rather thaa
of tenapararice, must bear a heavy rel.'
sponsibility ' for the vast amount' of
mental tortare which he has inflicted
on th,e. - moderato 'drinking, citizen. •
- INFLUENCE. OF HEREDITY.
The last ward of seience, howevet"
as declared by teachers ^" PhysiolOgy,,
biology and botany, is a very definite''
asser Lion that no. instancre of the
hereditary transmission- of an acquir-
ed characteristic has .ever beep de.,
racnatrated either in the animal or ,
the •vegetable kingdom. If thiG 'be a
facta man ,can only transmit to his
son the hereditary taint with Which
he was biorii, and if a man haying no
inborn tendency to excess yet acquir-
es -drunken habits, his progeny are in
no More danger than are those of'his
neighbor, leaving' oat' of considera-'s
tion tha effect of r environment on
youth. It is not denied that drunk-
en parents 'who become thus mental.
ly and physically weak are liablenta
have ch:ldren who are degenerate—
'Weak in body and feeble in mind(
such ,preona, in fact, as under pro.
pitions circunistances tend ta become
paupers, criminals; opi12p11es and
drunkards. The point, which Is de,.
Riled is that the drunkard's child lig
the specialized tendency to tecomi
inebriate rather than vicious in scan/
other direction. ,
It 'EeellIS probable that the questioZ
of environment is of more importance ,
after all than that of heredity, and
ni.an f strong will is just as, like.
ly to ,cxerolso it iu the, gratification
,of his desire aS in the contrary di-
rectien. If a man of powerful will
finds that aleohol gives him pleasure
good care to repeat the
experience. The habitual drinker 1.1
o.ne to 'whom, alcohoi brings enjoy.
ment, either as positive pleasure of
cessation of pain, wh.eyeas the volun-
tary abstainer is one, who from con-
stitu tten a 1 p,300finds little
pleasure in alcoholic exhilaration:.
Alcohol weeds out fromn every race
individuahe, Who most enjoy and in-
dulge in it. The races of Southern
turope, who have had tite longest ex-
pericne of *lcoholic drinks are now',
more temperate than the British, th.&,
Scandinavians and th-e Ru.ssians. I
:fine committee is or opinion that •
tha continued abuse of alcohol tends'
to render 41 race leas innately prone
to inebriety . then it wotill otherwie,
hive been, this "..e.sult being brought
about by the elimination of the
drurileen :unfit and the survinal of
thol3o ,wlitla a weak tendoney to alAi
coholiena '