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The Exeter Advocate, 1898-9-30, Page 6r �r HE MEM rON ILMVSKS:11 Jurisprudence by Dr. Bourion, taker] upon the retina of the eye of a woman who had been murdered the 14th of June, 1868, represents the moment when the assar-siu, after having struck the mother, kills the infaut, and the dog belonging to the house leaps toward the unfortuuate little victim to save it." 1 Then,, studying turn by tutu the pho- ' J'Y LE5 CLA ETF1' tograph yellowed by time and the article which described it, Bernardet satisfied eped<t e r. 1597 a P Fel- Nog: ac' himself and learned the history by heart. "To find au occasion to make me M. Gallard, general secretary of the speak? But I kuow nothing, I suspect society, after leaving carefully hidden nothing, I shall say nothing." the back part of the photograph, had cir- "Do you believe that it is the work culated it about among the members of a thief or revenge:" with this note: "An enigma of medical "I am certain that it was no thief. jurisprudence." And no one bad solved Two bank notes, one autheutio, the otle- Nothing in the apartment was touched. the tragic enigma. Even when he had er a forgery, were placed side by side truth' the signature of certain accused affected with nervous disorders, parts of bodies and of bones, and, in fact, everything in any way connected with the crime. It was said that be asked too much. Did he expect judges to make photo- graphs? Today everything that Veruois demanded in 1860 has been done, and in truth the instantaneous photograph has almost superseded the minutes of IW investigatiou. "We photograph a spurious bank note. It is magnified, and by the ab- sence of a ' eny dot the proof of the al- teration is found. On account of the lack of a dot the forger is detected. The savant Helmholtz was the discoverer oi: this method of detecting these faults. ing beside M.. Rovere in front of the open safe. Paul Rodier in his sketch scarcely referred to the fact that justice had a clew important enough to pene- trate the Inystery of the crime and in the eud arrest the murderer, and the readers while awaiting developments asked what mystery was hidden in this murder. Monicbe at times wore a fright- ened, yet inilaortant air. He felt that he. was an object of curiosity to many, the center of prejudices. The porter and his wife possessed a terrible secret. They were raised in their own estimation. "We sha.:l appear at the trial," said Moniche, seeing himself already before the red robes and holdiug up his hand to swear that he would tell the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the And as the sat together in their lit - As for the rest, who knuwss" explained 1,10 one could ,see In. the photo- in a stereoscope of strong magnifying y b "M. Bernardet," laughingly said the graph what Dr. Bourion saw there. power, when the faults were at once .de- tle lodge they talked the matter over reporter as he walked along by the Some were able on esamiuing that j tested. Heelmholtz's experiment probe- and over and brought up every incident officer's side, "yon do not wish to stlauge picture to see in the bleeds and lily seemed fautastio to the forger cou• In M. Reveres life which might have a bearing on the case. "Do you remember the young man who came one day and insisted on eee- ing M. le Consul, [TO BE cONTECEED.) spear,." white haze souse figures as singular and "What that do?" Bernardet dissimilar as dame which the amiable replio'1, also , lglai:a ly. "It will not Polonius perceived in the clouds under r^_. prevent you from publishing an inter- the suggestion of Hamlet. result? view,'* Dr. Veruois, appointed to write a re- "Instruments have been highly per- u tbinls so. Aix revoir! 1 urea port on Dr. Bourion's communication, fected since the time when Dr. Bourion hurry and, nt ZkO my c:+py. Anti ecu?" seised lain] then how the operation, had made his err eriments, and if the law "I? A h t ,, ,., a " 1 conducted, and Dr. Bourien had a *c' changed I. ph, ...,a„p,e, been con aut.c of human physiology has not change They srl.:tr ..cel, and Bernardet ea- 6 given him these details which Der- the seekers of invisible causesmust have tercel his hvuae. His dau;:=.t.-r, bad E nardet was now reading and studying: rapidly advanced in their mysterious gri;:.•aal ever his sudden departure on 4 The aseas.inaticn bad taken place on pursuits, Who kuows whether at the .. , : - , his fete t.v^.� Sunav 1 n naon aad o .ac i tt a the lesth agonythat the dying Stith joyoue eiseuts whoa les a peartd The extractiou of the eyes from their person does not put all the intensity of Iorbits hail neer ]teen made undid the fol. life into the retina, giving a hundred - lowing clay oat 6 o'clock in, the eveniul.. The experiment on the eyes, these, fold power to. that last supreme look?„ f h'. dead At this point of Iris reelections Ber- could -be nettle e4 hours earlier than that other experiment. The image—if there was any image—ought to be in cousequonee more clearly defined than iii Dr. Bourion's esperhneut. "About b o'clock in the evening," thought De nardtt, "and the photo graphic light \a'aS Flailieielat," lar, Bourion had taken pictures of both of the child's eyes as well as loth of the mother's eyes, The child's eyes showed milting but hazy clouds, les the mother's eyeswero differs::t. t,'pon the left eye, next to a circular section betels of the iris, a delicately marked image of a dog's head appeared; on the same section of the right • e another picture—oue could see the a as=in rais- ing his arse to strike and the dog leap- ing to protect his little charge. "With much good will, it must be confessed." thought Bernardet, looking again and again at the photcgraull, "and with Hauch ineaginatit.0 too. But it was Letweeli 30 and �w hours after the murder that the proof was taken, while tbis time it will be while the body is still warm that the experiment will be tried." Seventeen times already had Dr. V er- nais experiuseuted on nuisuals—so'ne- times just attar he had straugled them, again when they had died from pruesie, acid. Ile had held in front of their eyk s a simple object which could be easily recognized. He land taken out the eyes and hurried with them to the photog- rapher. He bad, in order to better ex- pose the retina to photographic action, made a sort of Maltese cross by making four incisions on the edge of the sclerot- ic. He removed the vitreous humor, fixed it on a piece of card with four pins and submitted the retina as quickly as possible to the camera. In rereading the learned man's report Bernardet studied, pored over, carefully scrutinized the text, investigated the dozen proofs submitted to the Society of Medical Jurisprudence by Dr. Vernois: Retina of a cat's eye killed by prussic acid. Vernois bad held the animal in front of the bars of the cage in which it was confined. No result. Retina of a strangled dog's eye. A watch was held in front of its eyes. No result. Retina of a dog killed by strangula- tion. A bunch of shining keys was held in front of his eyes. No result. Retina of a strangled dog. An eye- glass held in front of its eyes. Photo- graph made two hours after death. Nothing. In all Dr. Vernois' experi- ments—nothing, nothing! Bernardet repeated the word angrily. Still he kept on. He read page after page. But all this was 26 years ago— photography has made great strides since then. What wonderful results have been obtained! The skeleton of the human body seen through the flesh, the instantaneous photograph, the kineto- scopic views, man's voice registered for eternity in the phonograph, the mysteri- ous dragged forth into the light of day, many hitherto unknown secrets become common property, the invisible—even the invisible—the occult, placed before our eyes as a spectacle! "One does not know all that may be done with a kodak," murmured Bernar- det. As he ascertained in rereading Dr. Vernois' report on "Tbe Application of Photography to Medical Jurispru- dence," the savant himself, even while denying the results of which Dr. Bon- rion spoke in his communication, devot- ed himself to the general consideration upon the role which photography ought to play in medical jurisprudence. Yes, in 1869 he asked that in the researches on poisonous substances, where the mi- croscope alone had been used, photogra- phy should be applied. He advocated what in our day is so common, the pho- tographing of the features of criminals, their deformities, their scars, their tat- tooings. He demanded that pictures should be taken of an accused person in many ways, without wigs and with them, with and without beards, in di- vers costumes. "These propositions," thought Ber- nardet, "seem hardly new. It' is 26 years, since they were discovered, and now they seem as natuaal as that two and two make.four. In 26 years from will have now who knows what sciencew done? "Vernois demanded that wounds.be reproduced, `their size, the instruments with which the crime was committed, the leaves of plants in certain cases of poisoning, the shape of the victims' demned by a stereoscope. Oh, well, to- day ought not a like experiment on the retina of a dead Iran's eye give a like } terribly 'ak k n�an eyes 0 this k k 1t man, nardet experienced some hesitation. While he was not thoroughly acquaint- ed with physiology and philosophy, he had seeu so much so many things; had known so manly sToxige oecurreuces and had studied many men, Ile knew— for be had closely questioned wretches who bad been saved from drowning at the very last possible moment, some of whom had attempted suicide, others who bad been almost drowned through accident, and each one had told bion that his wbole from bis earliest recollectiou, had flashed through bis mind in the instant of mortal agony— yes, A wbole lifetime in one instant of cerebral exeiteuieut. Had savants been able to solve this Wonderful mystery? The resume of an existence in one vibration! Was it pos- sible? Yet.-Bernardet still used the word. And why, iu an analogous sensation, could not the look of a dyiug man be seized in an intensity lasting an instant, as memory brought in a single hash so many diverse remembrances? "I know, since it is the imagination, and that the dead cannot see, while the image on the retina is a fact, a facr con- tradicted by wi.er men than I." Ber- nardet thought on theseinysteries until his head bep:na to ache. "I shall make myself ill over it," bo thought, "And there is something to be done," Then in his dusty little room, his brain overexcited, ho became enthused with one idea. His surroundings fell away from him; he saw nothing—every- thing disappeared—the books, the pa- pers, the walls, the visible objects, as did also the objections, the denials, the demonstrative impossibilities. And ab- solute conviction seized him to the ex- clusion of all extraneous surroundings. This conviction was absolute, instinc- tive, irresistible, powerful, filling him with entire faith. "This unknown thing I will find. What is to be done I will do," he de- clared to himself. He threw the pamphlet on the table, arose from his chair and descended to the dining room, wbere his wife and children were -waiting for him. He rubbed his hands with glee, and his face looked joyous. "Didst thou discover the trail'?" Mme. Bernardet asked very simply as a working woman would ask her husband if he had had a good day. The eldest of the little girls rushed toward him. "Papal My dear little papal" "My darling!" Tho child asked her father in a sweet voice, "Art thou satisfied with thy crime, papa?" "We will not talk about that," Ber- nardet replied. "To table. After dinner I will develop the pictures which I have taken with my kodak, but let us amuse ourselves now. It is my fete day. I wish to forget all about business. Let ns dine now and be as happy as possible." it atttdti1ng turn Lp turn the photograph and the article 2cllich described it. end threw themselves upon slim. "Pa- pa! Here is papa :" Mme. Bernardet was also happy. They could go then to the garden and finish the picture. But their joy subsid- ed; night had fallen, and Bernardet, preoccupied, wished to shut himself up so that he alight retie et on all that had happened, and perhaps to work a little, even today. "It is thy fete day, Bernardet. Wilt thou not rest today?" "I cou rest at dinner, dear. Until then I must use the time reading over a mass of evidence." "Then thou wilt need a lamp?" asked 14fine. Bernardet. "Yes, my dear. Light the lamp." . Nest to their bedchamber M. Ber- nardet bad fitted up a little room for his private use, It was a tiny den, in which was a mahogany table loaded with books and papers, and at which he worked when he had time, reading, an- notating, copying from the papers and collecting extracts for hours at a time. irTo ono was allowed to enter this room, filled with old papers, Mine. Bernardet well called it "a nest of microbes." Bernardet found pleasure in this sporad- ic place, which in summer was sti- lling. In winter he worked without a are. Mme. Bernardet was unhappy as she saw that their holiday was spoiled. But she very well knew that when her hus- band was devoured with curiosity, car- ried away by a desire to elucidate a pneele, there was nothing to be said. 8e listened to no remonstrances, and the daughters knew that when they ask- ed if their father was not coining to re- new his games with them they were obliged to content themselves with the excuse which they knew so well from having heard it so often, "Papa is studying out a crime." ' Bernardet was anxious to read over psis notes, the verification of his hopes, of those so called certainties of today. That is why he wished to be alone. As soon as he had closed the door he at once, from among the enormous piles of dust laden books and files of old news- papers, with the unerring instinct of the habitual searcher who rummages through bookstalls, drew forth a gray covered pamphlet in which he had read, 'with feverish astonishment, the experi- ments and report of Dr. Vernois upon the application of photography in crim- inal researches. He quickly seated him- self, and with trembling fingers eagerly 'turned over the leaves of the book so •often read and studied and came to the °deport of the member of the Academy of Medicine. He compared it with the proof submitted by Dr. Bourion of the Medical society, in which it was stated that the most learned savants had seen nothing. "Seen nothing or wished to see noth- ing perhaps," he murmured. The light fell upon the photograph which bad been sent a long time before to the society, and Bernardet set him- self to study out the old crime with the most careful attention, with the passion of a paleographer deciphering a palimp- sest. This poor devil of a police officer, in his ardent desire to solve the vexing, problem, brought to it the same ardor and the same faith as a bibliophile. He event over and over with the method of an examining magistrate all that old forgotten affair, and in the solitude and silence of his little room, the last reflec- tiozis of the setting sun falling on his. pers and making pale the light of his E, nip, he set himself the task of solving, ea mathematical fear robsem, t hat u es- • *ion which he had studied, but which he wished to know from the very be - 'ginning, without any dou ts, before seeing M. Ginory again at the morgue beside the'body of M. Rovere. He took then his pamphlet and read: "The pho- garments, the prints of their hands and.d whom the ortress had seen sane- rapra h sent to the §ooiety 9-f34g1 1 feet. the interior view of their"rooms. One divided by Naught, Four men sitting together were con* anima to one another their general ig- norance of the matter contained in text- books. One said be bad studied algebra for three years, but be would find it b impossible to solve tion simplest pea.• lens by au algebraic process. Another said belled been counted a good student in geology, and yet bo doubted if he could name the principal periods in their proper order. "Now let's see how much you de know," said one of the risen. "How ranch is one divided by naught se uothin?" "Ono divided by nothing?" repeated the man at his right. "Why, that': coo, If one isn't divided by anything, it remail; One." "I think the auswer is nothing,". said anether. "One divided by nothing is—nothing. Sure, that's right." "You're the worst I ever heard," said the rnan who bad given the prob. lean. "One divided by nothing—that means how malty times is nothing eon- taiued in one, It is eoutained ail infinite number of times, and the correct au- swer is—infinity." Then he bad to talk to them for five minutes in, order to couvince them. -- Chicago Record. The heliograph. With all its superiority in distance; the heliograph is too uucertaiu for sole reliance. A passing cloud is sufficient to interrupt the clearest signals, per. haps in the critical moment of a battle, or a sun haze may reuder invisible the rays from the largest mirror, so that at any time without a clear atmosphere the system is useless. It is not known that the heliographic system has ever been in use 011 ship. board, and the sea service bus nothing for daylight signaling that approaches its accomplishment in dry atmospheres. For night service at sea the flashlight appears to be the best system of signal- ing in all weathers, though on rare o0 casions the long beam of the electric searchlight thrown up on the sky hat proved effective for communicatier when it was possible by no other means. An instance of such use was reported a few years ago by two British ships, which while on opposite sides of a high promontory nine miles in width opened communication with each other by means of dot and dash flashes on the sky from their searchlights.—Lippin- oott'e. CHAPTER VII. The murder of M. Rovere, committed in broad daylight in a quarter of Paris filled with life and movement, caused a widespread sensation. There was so much mystery mixed in the affair. What oould be ascertained about the dead man's life was very dramatically written up by Paul Rodier in a sketch, and this, republished everywhere and enlarged upon, soon gave to the crime of the Boulevard de Clichy the interest of a judicial romance. All that there was of vulgar curiosity in man awoke as atavistic bestiality at the smell of blood. What was this M. Rovere, former consul to Buenos Ayres or Havana, am- ateur collector of objects of vertu, mem- ber of the Society of Bibliophiles, where be had not been seen for a long time? What enemy had entered his room for the purpose of cutting his throat? Might he not have been assassinated by some thief who knew that his rooms contained a collection of works of art? The :ate at Montmartre was often in full blast in fxout of the house where the murder had been committed, and among tho crowd of ex -prison birds and malefactors who are alwaye .tttehdunt upon foreign kirmesses might not some one of then] hav'ereturned and committed the crime? The papers took advantage of the occa- sion to moralize upon permittingthese fetes to be held in the outlying boule- vards,'where vice and crime seemed to spring spontaneously Prolix the soil. But no one, not one journal—perhaps by order -spoke of that unknown visitor whom Moniche called the .individual APPLE ORCHARDS, Important Work of Thinning Out the Older Trees—li'ow to Do It, An inspection of the older apple orchards will in many instances cou- vines the investigator that the trees. were planted much too close for best re- sults. The branches of adjoining trees have frequently grown into cue auothe , the harvesting is impeded, and the fruit aaase nay \rotten' IMPORTANCE OF TILLAGE. The Flow Point as a Cheap Source of( Plant Food. "New' England farming is unique in its restricted area in tillage crops, hav- ing a lower ratio than any civilized na- tion, farming with little capital, labor and manures, and in this sense a low type of agriculture. Less, than 12 per cent of its tillable area is under the plow, while in the west 88 per cent is in, more than quadrupling the ratio of the area tilled in this section." Thus writes a New Hampshire coutributor to Country Gentleman, He has abaudoned the old dogmas of New England farm- ing and laid out a system that requires the tillage of an unusually large area. Following are additional extracts from his letter: I have acted in part on the belief tbat the insoluble sources of plant food will be much more heavily drawn upon than when under grass. This crop closes the soil and between its stenos holds air nearly motionless, acting as a noncon- ductor. Our coarse granite coils in the far north, where the seasons are short, require the freest access of frosts and the air with its decomposing agents. Yet, strangely, the reverse poliey pre- vails, A fat soil kept continuously open is tillage ran load and not the kind ad- vocated. 3rRrx-r`lNG arab ol:cllx ws. .It is believed that the plow pellet is thus sovtr,aa ea ocf use tocolor u1w ell on,e of tboChea estsouteeso hsutfeed Tile time bas come for cutting a portiona at COn ]noo]. ti uiiCi ent distinction is of the trees down, and Field and ]gird- not usually made between the plow and side tells bow to do it; In, many orchards the removal of one, half the trees would just leave roam enough for the remitting half during the next 10 or 12 years, The iliustratiou shows bow the thiuniug should be done. Simply cut out every other tree in every] row, but alternating in the rows across, or, in ather words, remove every other row diagonally, This will leave the ea mauling trees again equidistant fromii one another, but the rows running ding oually to the original rows. This procedure, if followed generally, would give needed relief in several di- rections. It would dispose of many treee! that are not needed, give to those re•'. malting a better chance to produce fine' and nicely eblored fruit, and to the owner better opportunities for eultivat hag, spraying, picking, etc. This ie about the roost important work to be dorso in our apple orchards alter thk: crop is taken care of, Gladstone's Doings and lindoings. Mr. Gladstone began as the defender of the Irish church; he ended by de- molishing it. No one ever opposed more vehemently the extension of British in. fluence in Egypt, but it was ruder his government we bombarded the Alexan drian forts, fought the battle of Tel -el. I{ebir and reduced Egypt to the cor"i- tion of a British satrapy. He was the most conspicuous advocate of peace with Russia when Lord Beaconsfield was in office, until Constantinople was in danger. Five years later he left office, after having brought ns to the very verge of war with Russia for the sake of Penjdeh One year he clapped Mr. Parnell into prison, the next he proposed to make over to him the gov- ernment of Ireland, and then again he deposed him from the leadership. Yet he was always consistent and anxious for his consistency. Clircumstances alter oases, and Mr. Gladstone was not above being taught by events. --W. T. Stead in Review of Reviews. the harrow. The :tenon of auy Imple- tnent that merely pulverizes is ?meta, °allyvalueless so far as it bears relation to soil food. As a divisor of individual particles of soil its aetioo would be in- fiuitely slower mad less effective than the usills of the'goda. It is the plow that is to be eped, for it admits the more rapid circulation of air in the soil laden with earbouio acid and other agents of roil decomposition. Its intim. er100 in stimulating the action of mi- crobio life in the roil that causes fer- mentation anal decomposition of its ors genie matters is one of its most inapt*, that fuuetiens, The inetlaed of plowing should differ with the soil. Sandy soils deficient in mettle matter and already open should certainly receive a ditferentfurrow from a compact clay. The former should have a close and closed furrow or flat furrow, while the latter requires tae lap furrow, Such a furrow loses noth- iug itt breaking longitudinally and crosswise in the act of turning, As well furrows plow harder, their advo- cacy is of doubtful propriety, forwo are in the age of effective after tillage tools in the cutaway types of barrows. No harrow with a tendency to pack the soil, like the old spike tooth class whose teeth act es weeps, should be used. As bo - fore stated, no Marrow should bo used for the purpose of pulverization and of soil decomposition that does not open the soil more freely to the sur then be- fore its use. Chrysanthemums. Each year sees a difference in the leading chrysanthemums exhibited at the shows, says T'lbo Rural New Yorker. The favorites of one season are often pushed aside by the debutantes of the next. Two years ago the great prize winning white was tho Queen. It is not a very lasting flower anti has it habit of showing its center—a serious defect but its many good qualities as a elm, bloom gave it decided vogue. Lastyear, however, ib was thrust aside by Meer - fl ewer aeyflower and Mrs, Henry Robinson, the lat- ter taking high rank among early whites. Gretchen Buettner, introduced this year, is another of the now varieties likely to possess permanent value. There is such a long list of the Japanese whites now that variety must possess distinct ober- actor or it is soon discarded. In pink year after year the well known Vivian -Morel appears to lead all the others as a show bloom, Tho color is often uneven and streaky, but size, graceful shape and good constitution make it almost indispensable. Last year a very favorable impression was mane by Mrs. Perrin, a new variety. The clear color, a regular rose pink, fine shapeaud foliage gave promise of a val- uable sort for trade use. It must be re- membered that, as a rule, the florists look at a variety from one standpcint ouly—that of its value for out flowers —and, while the varieties they indorse certainly represent the cream of the list, comparatively few of them are useful outside. At the present time the two great points the raisers of new chrysan- themums look for are dwarf, stooky growth and distinct color. They are also experimenting for the encouragement of early blooming, and assuredly this will give us the garden chrysanthemums we want. Among the novelties exhibited this fall, but not yet introduced, we find one which seems to meet these require- ments—the Midge. It is a very early white, blooming at the same time as Mme. F. Bergmann (our earliest white), very dwarf, clothed with abundant foli- age right up to the Sower. This im- presses us as a good thiug for garden or window, for we don't want giraffe necked chrysanthemums in the house garden. True to Principles. A New South Wales country school teacher recently gave a boy a questiou in compound proportion for home worti which happened to include the circum• stance of "men working ten hours a day in order to complete a certain work." Next morning the unsuspecting teaoher in looking over the Iirtle pack of exercises found Jim's sum anat• tempted and the following latter in closed in the page: Sur—I refuse to let Jim do his sum you give give him last nite has it looks to me to be s slur at 8 hour sistum enny sum not more than b hours he is welcum to do but not more. Yours truely, Anxenl BLANK, Senr. Could Be Used Often. The following auecdote illustrates Donizetti's susceptibility and quick wit. During his long stay at St. Petersburg he played by command before the Ozal Nicholas, who entered into conversation with a bystander in the course of the piece. Donizetti at once broke off the performance. "Why have you stopped?" asked the autocrat. "Sire," was the reply, "when the honed .over hod czar is speaking everybody else a be silent." A Soft ]stark. "Dobkins is a sort of a 'good thing,' isn't he?" "I should say so. Why, a baldhead- ed barber sold him two bottles of hair rastorer the other day. ".—Yale. Record. Electric Licht and Flowers. Florists abroad have come to the con- clusion that the electric light will rev- olutionize flower growing, for they have discovered that its influence upon the color and production of blossoms is nothing less than extraordinary. For instance, tulips that have been exposed to the electric light have deeper and richer tints, they flower more freely and develop longer stems and bigger leaves than those grown in the ordinary way. Fuchsias, too, under like conditions, bloom much earlier, as do petunias also, growing taller and much more slender. In some greenhouses the use of ;electric light is already being tried with a view to forcing flowers. An. Excellent Grindstone. Do you want a grindstone which one man can turn and grind with compara- tive ease? If so, road what au Ohio cor- respondent tells Rural Now Yorker about his machine. I planned a machine at small cost that will do the work. The device L Floral Brevities. A common error is to cover half hardy plants too early in the season. Douglas golden juniper is classed among desirable hardy evergreens. It is claimed that the Himalayan rho- dodendrons are tender sorts requiri- cool greenhouse treatment, but then. of extraordinary beauty and not at hard to grew. . w g Pink Ivory obrysanthemum, as seen at the autumn exhibition in New York, was indeed a beauty. Cacti need plenty of light and but lit- tle water. Sow pansy seed now in the greenhouse for plants to set outof doors next sprang. 1 Trenton, Jan. 18-18. 1 HOMEMADE, BUT EFFICIENT. shown in the out. To make one take the small sprocket wheels and chain from an old worn binder or other farm ma- chinery and gear it two to one—that is, the lower, or crank, shaft wheel must have twice as many cogs as the one on the stone shaft. lase a stone 20 or more inches in diameter and be sure to get a good one. If geared higher than two to one, it will run hard, and much less gear would not turn fast enough. It is the fast motion that outs. One may find an excellent pair of cranks from some old bicycle. A friend gave me mine. One can grind anything. I use it more for grinding mowing machine knives. than anything else. Shellacking Squashes. A correspondent writing to Amerioan Agriculturist says: Squashes seldom keep later than February in my cellar without decaying and pumpkins are not fit for use by Christmas. An acquaint- ance tells me he has kept squashes until April by shellacking every part of their shell. I am testing the method. The children have shellacked a dozen large Hubbards and two nine pumpkins, add- ing another coat a week later, hoping thus to make the rind airtight and to prevent decay. Odd Mention. There is a plant hospital at the New Jersey station. Myriads of noxious insects and weed seeds may be destroyed by firing tee rubbish piles now. - It has beeu a canker worm year in the apple orchards of New England and many parts of the middle states. The remedy for this and most other insect and fungus pits of the apple is spray- ing with the arsenites and horde xi.z mixture. A Vermont farmer gives his plan in an eastern exchange for killing wood- chucks: Go quickly, before the grouna freezes, and tramp earth tight in all the holes, and Mr. Woodchuck will slowly smother during his winter nap and be dead and buried in the sprint withoi tl the help of drugs. The twenty-fourth annual meeting of the New Jersey state board of agricul- ture will be held • at the stateboaaas n