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The Exeter Advocate, 1888-6-7, Page 3A STRANGE FERRY. 13Y B GRAY, 31. P. If one should fled himself on the banks of a swiftly -flowing Himalayan river, too deep to be forded, too full of rocks to be creased by a boat, the current too strong for any swimmer to breast mailed, too wide for a temporary bridge, and yet men, women, and children, as well as goods, to be carried over, he would naturallystand nonplused as to how it could be done. This very problem, however, confronts the villagers who live on the borders of these rivers, and their ingen- pity has contrived a ferry, safe, sure, and quite rapid in its operation; and siuee be. genuity is at .a premium everywhere a abort account of thea ferry will not he mit of place in this Land of brideee Veer the seater, ferries on the water, and tunnels under the water. Daring my travels in the interior of the Himalayas I found myself, one day in May, on the banks of the large river Kali, which is the boundary between English territory and the native State .ot Nepaul. Many smiles to the south of my position was a fine iron suspension bridge, which had been built by the two govcrements, and gourds back across the river, the man who had already crossed meantime paying out his rope. When the gourde had been safely returned the man on the opposite side made his way up too a point nearly opposite the starting -place. It was decided to send across another man to aid the one already over, and this individual started as the other had done, and was immediately hurried deme the stream by the current, But as he started on his rapid course down those on the side he had jun left kept the rope in their bands fairly taut, allowing ib to run out slowly., while the man on the opposite aide pulled. away manfully at his. The result was that in a very short time he waft pulled across, and that with very little lops in descending the stream, Thera were now two inen ou the oppoa'e aide to pull, and the added strength would enable the passage to be wide much more rapidly. The ferry was now in full working order and the passengers Heade their preparation to cross. Teem were two women and three men in their party, and the women were gent over first. Their few goods were made up into small bundles which they placed. upon then heads. This they could easily do, far they were not required to make any ef- with this exception no other had. been al- ! fort themselves in crossing, and they were lowed, se that tho colle,:tion of enstow . soon pulled over, The gourds were then (Judea ties mouhtbe the more inherent made. iII every returned, and one by one the men were eafu• €y y ly brought over. man to eaatom duties there wan sten thea , leader ordinary circametances the men did/ :nits in using this solitary bridge, that whrh had creased from the village ecoid sine s long `inra y was necessary to gawk it. return, but my own curiosity rogarding this Apperen y e people were helples , f • r the novel ferry heed risen to each a height that Kali was: mit sues a etreaan es bat already Bethke; short of an actual trial of it would been described, but they hetun feud a short ` satisfy fta dewaade. 1 therefore salted if cut stud at the sauce tient made smuggling there were any objections to my making a easy. trip across, and befog assured that. le would Aa I eat in front of my tent on. this May morning I was surprised to eto a man aj pear ea A large rock almost immediately opposite and wave a flag, 'That it was a well-known: signal I bad evidence at mace in the sudden,:. activity .in the village, which was bet A few hundred ,yards distant from my tent, The country ea the apposite aide of the river was a dense Nagle, and it trashed upou my mind that this was one of the ferries used by the people in crossing the river, and that a rare opportunity was presented to see the manner in which it was conducted. Smug- gling wee carried ori only at night, with great secrecy ; but as there w_ as UO restric- tuon upon the earriage of passengers ccnceal- inent was unneetasary at this time. I, therefore, at once descended front the bluff OA which the teat had been pitcrrod, to the bank of the river, Reaching this shore I found that several men bad Already come frorn the village, u& revenue to the signal, Ana had brought with them a large number of gourds, tied together in bundles of comiderabte sire. These gourda were of a peculiar shape and enormous eine, having long curved necks and rounded': bodies. They bad been dried with great' tare, so that the shells woad not crack, and were now fastened together by their nuke bunch a manger that they could not be broken by coming luta contact with each other. When the gourds had been collected ou the bank of the river, a loose bag of etroug cloth was fastened firmly to the melted the gourds in ouch ti manner that, ivheu in the water, the weight of a man would drag the melte down and enable hlm to stand creat In the bag, while the bodies of the gourds floated on the endue of the water above him. The adjustment of the gourd:: to the weight aas to arranged, by adding or diminishing the number c,f gourds, that the peatenger would sink to the armpits in the water. This effectually prevented all chance of a sudden somersault into the river and made the whole arrangement quite steady. One of the men from the village at onee prepared to cross the riverbyatrippinghim- self of nil superfluous clothing, as be would do for a bath ; and, the gonrda having been brought to the water and launched, he took hie place in the bag, fastening sone pieces of bamboo in its Sides so that they would remain open. 'Then he fastened a light but ex- tremely strong rope about his waist, giving the other end into the bands of those ou shore. A second rope of the same Bort, that he had fattened abort his waist, was caro - fully coiled to carry along with him. These simple arrangements being completed, he was pushed from the bank by those on the shore. • The current at moo seized him, he was conveyed rapidly down and somewhat aerate the stream, aiding hie course across meanwhile by his own efforts. Those on shore carefully watched him as be rushed along on the current and paid out rope so long nes they saw that the swimmer was out of the way of any rocks. It was not long before they perceived, however, that he wonld certaia.ly strike a large rock Dear the center of the stream if allowed to go on as he was then going. This was a critical moment, for if the man had struck the rock it would have ended beyond a doubt in the gourds being broken and his life endangered, owing to the great force of the current. He was rapidly approaching it, and I held my breath, thinking they had miscalculated and he must be dashed on the rook in one moment more. But those on the shore had been through the same experience many times before and knew just what to do and when to do it to avoid the danger. .At the very moment when some interference was needed they ceased paying out rope, and, bracing them selves, held firmly to it. The rope grew taut •at onceand the swimmer was thereby made to swing round the arc of a oirole, whioh changed his course sufficiently to carry him below the rock in safety. The rope was then loosened and allowed to run out, while the man renewed his efforts to make a passage across the stream, and after several such experiences he was safely landed on the opposite shore, though at a considerable distance down the stream. When I saw the exceedingly dangerous character of this first crossing and the means. that were taken to avoid rocks I naturally wondered how they were avoided in the night, when smuggling operations were car- ried on. Inquiry on this point brought out this information : that on these occasions the swimmer took but two gourds of small size as life -preservers, and depended on his skill in swimming to make the passage; across.However, it happened at times that men were drowned in this work. Oa emerging from the water the man'who had °reseed took the coiled rope whioh he had carried with him,,, and, tying it to the rope which had been fastened about his waist then tied both securely to the bundle of gourds. When this was done he made a signal to those on the opposite shore to pull on the rope which they had retained. His voice could not be heard because' of the roar of the water, but the village men understood the signal and commenced to draw the give them .great pleasure to ferry me over, and back I at onee made my prepare—tante for the attempt, Stowing myself in the bag I raised my baud as a Opel, to the two men an the opposite aide to Bull on their rope. They did eg very eigerr gsly, and thfa result was Diet I took it midden plunge whioh nearly deprived me of my breath_ Then I realized for the first time the peculiar feeliug of help- lessness one has in the grip of a powerful current ; it seemed as though great power- fur hands had seized me and Were trying to pull the down, down, into the depths of the water, . There wag, however, another and more trying reasolt for my lose of breath. 1 lead not :supposed that the water would be very cold at that season ; but this watt A arrow streutn, and the water just at that time wan for the moat part melted ice and anew, ae that, coming as it het but A comperatively abort distance, it was alnmet as cold as ice - water sad into this I had 1iliin;;ed. What wonder was it that 1 had nearly lost my breath raid ahriekelwith the auddenplunge . I had woudered why the men on the opposite there bad kindled tet fire sono after they bad landed, but a few moments' experience in this lee bath Heade the long for a share of the warmth of the fire. The men pulled vigorously, the etream dashed up into my face. the roar of the water was almost deafening, I was growing colder and colder every moment, and the trip, which wan made in a abort time, aeemed. to occupy an hour. .At last 1 landed ; the fire Wan blazing up, and it wee not long be. fore my circulation was restored and the warm glow that succeeds tti eold bath. fol- lowed. In a short time I was ready to try the return journey, whioh was made safely. One of the men on the opposite side fol. lowed me, and then the remaining one wase ppolled over in the eeme fashion that hid .seen needin getting him over in the first place. It was an experience never to be forgotten, mud ninny times since my mind has gone back to that Himalayan ferry, and the verdict has always been that for novelty it has never, probably, been (goaded. Dishornetl Cattle.. William From, V: S., in Country Gentle• man. --Wo are getting the fruits I said would surely come. One stockman had GO oowa diehorued, and in seven weeks the milk fall from thirtecu to nine pounds, and he says that many at them are ruined attogoth- or. I know of quite a number of animals whose heads are nearly rotted oft. Five absolutely breathe through the enlarged apertures whence the horns came off: T know of 27 animals v,hich were dishorned; five of them came near dying, two did die, and all the rest degenerated. Thera is no doubt of the prepotent powers of both cows. and brills being injuriously affected by dis- horning. I challenge any educated veterin- arian inthe country astowhether ornotthe vital forces are destroyed to a great extent. The whole animal economy suffers by the gruel practice. The Two Words. One day a harsh word, rashly said, Upon an e.il journey sped, And like a sharp and cruel dart, It pierced a fond and loving heart; It turned a friend into a foe And everywhere brought pain and woe, A kind word followed it one day, Flew swiftly on its blessed way ; It healed the wound, It soothed the pain, And friends of old were friends again ; It made the hate and anger cease And everywhere brought joy and peace. But yet the harsh word left a trace The kind ward could not quite efface ; And though the heart its love regain It bore a scar that long remained ; Friends could forgive but nr.t forget, Or lose the sense of keen regret. Oh, if we would but learn to know How swift and sure our words can go, How would we weigh with utmost care Each thought before it sought the air, And only speak the words that move Like white -winged messengers of love 1 FL9RICULTURAL FLOW= Cuc.rulci. Oae of the largest industries of Southern France is that of the cultivation of flowers for the manufacture of perfumes. The flower harvest covers three-fourths of _ the year, bat the season of greatest activity comes ie May and June, when the roses and orange blossoms are gathered. Tire vialec, jonquil. and Mignonette: appear is February, Marchand April, .although is mad, game winters, the violet conies as early as De- cember ; e- cember; jasmine and tuberoses belong„ ie dul and August; lavender and apikenerd to September, and the acacia to Oeteber and November* Th me, roseme and lavender are grown chiefly by small f niers of the grapnd olive, wan manufacture from them en in- ferior sore of oil, used to dilute and adillter- ate the superior essences made by large es. tablishmenta. The Journei of the So.iety of Arts, frons which thenar bets ars taken, also describes the method of harvesting blossoms. Dur- ing the busy season, traders go about from farm to farm, collecting flowers, which are then hurried to the nearest manufacturer, and delivered while they aro stili fresh and crisp. Toe .ntakirg of perfumes .includes ales the pro:eseea of mantefeeturina peemeee and essences. Pervade is used as a vehicle f,r absorbing an 1 transporting to a dis:awe the perfumes ot certain %.seers..A Keens femme of wood le sea with ee pane of wrong plate glass, mid ea each aide of ibis fa sprexal a twin layer of grease, which hex Iaravieaely been retina i and pnrided by bailing. Thee prepared, the fra..iea are piled i'p to await the aeamu of mit spectai Rawer. When the bleoierns arrive, their petals are striiiped trate the stems, and laid upon the grease of the frames, and those as the frames ars again packed together, aupported spate their weeelen edges, at aeries of rinse dem- bore is formed within which the maim Is eceettatiely iebeorbiog the perfume.. The supply of dilater penile le daily renew, ed, and tee proceas goes on for four or live mouths, at the end of which time thepoeuade is removed from the glass, with wide, thin apetelex, aced packed in cine for trannperte. two. The peritonea grease is treated with al.ahol, which extracts eta eWeetueta, and 'Orme the #ural W.ttera and extracts of COM' merce. The prceeaa of prcpeelag perfumed elle le somewhat sratilar, except. that euperiiee olive oil is used, intend of grease, Pie= of queue cotton fabric are s.tureted with oil, aid stretched upon wire netting, hill is wooden frames. E'sencee and distiiletioni are pradeeed by broliing the tlaivers in water, end the vapor winch carriers away the perfume is eondeuced in capper tanks. .Sauna of the retorts used for ihte purpeee are of euliakient Glee to receive, at ono tune, a half -tau of freaih flowers, with the amount of water necessary for their distillation. The work in perfume rnauefaetarlce is largely done by women, who earn from ten. ppence to a glutting for e, day's labor of tcu ura, and who make half as muclt were during the busy 8eassn of omegaflewert and roses, by working until midnight, or even later. Life. BY ainIA soaihLrxo, AGED 18, There's a time in life at the rising sun, When our life is all before When its rays look out on the world to be Know naught of the world of yore. There's a time of life when the sun is high, For our present joys and Dares, When its rays look doom on the world as it is, And its present sorrow bears. There's.a time of life at eventide, When our life is all', of yore, When the sun looks hack on a day that is past And returneth never more. There's a time of life, a sad, glad time, When we've done with the cares that have vexed, When our sun has set on the world that is past, To rise again in the next. There gloweth the golden euneet, Loves endless, downy rest, Where blies clasps the soul and folds 3t, Olose to the Saviour's breast. Banns Bux:»cn PLANTS These not having the time or inolinatiou to fuse with a class of plants that will not take caroof thomeelvete cut select nodi es will stand out of doors all winter. These, with a sprinkling of the comman=i on ma, if properly selected, will furnish flowers ton- tinueualy from the lirat Spring day wadi frosts in the Falll. Commencing in the Spring, all that perennials neually require la a cloning up of old decayed foliage and a spading and raking of the ground around tnotn. Such plants aro benetitted by a diet• cion of tho roots every three yearn or so, and this is the general method of propagation ; although Grit to obtain them, stoat tan he raised from seed. If sown at the close of Summer, any of them will flower the next; while withrare exceptions, and among those called bieaniele, a few will flower the flrat ycnr, planted early enough in the Spring, by July, the foliage dried up tend no moreis. seen ot them tilt their time of growing the ensuing Spring. The Lily family, provided they, ere moved early enough, may be trans ;darted in the Spring. The old white gar- den Illy, L.. Anne. idufm, is a splendid hardy border plant. The .he auratuna is an im- mense flower and makes a grand show. The several kinda of lancifolium are charming plants. The old Turk% cap, the tiger, and the tennifollum, are well worth growing. 11'ttere is Stanley The precise whereabouts of Stanley. the explorer, is now it eubject of anxious discus- eees amoi+g European newapepers and geo- grapl-.ere. Teri =teethe ago he left the last hat isint ,ept whieh neWe of the cam of'yambun a. p waii he 19:1 of August, 18'31, he wrote eo this past, ask- ing that fresh supplies of provisiona Haight be sent hum. Since then nothing has been heard of him. Bete peen this point and Wade - lei, the drat etatioir at which he would strike the territory of E,uin Pasha, he had ehonk 090 miles to#ravel through a swamp-, but cot imps=cable country Irl Scanle?e last letter he fixed August 15 rat the date at which he would ,;ec i -r -i the Like Nyanza Gauntry. wheria E nen Panna, woold trove hem sure tea hear of hire. blit Pepin Pestle wrote No. vem-asr `i that be had beard nothing of l:im. Ser beancie Winton, ata ex Gaveruar of the (1 ruga Free Sats, au rfe rte that he bas met with oixstee".es on rl.e, road iv€ri;h tnay have ego:welled airs to go a great roved. The Lennon f e..q 8VV5 theta he tai alrid14 hie way fur'to •c url on the tveee oldie ni the great Idles he niey have tidied l; :eiu I'-.shs, who was genii; to meet hint slong the ea.9tern there; but the Paris Temp, migg-tete that it would hardly be pposarble for en expedition of rho +tial of Steuley'a to be {ire ons site of the lakes without news of its getting image to the other. Nor le i. likely that Stanley has fallen into oto aullnie,.ade.eud been ineseaw.r. d. Ile hes 484 men, what with carriers cud aaldlers, who aro well armed, .cud he is hint- self in this gest of warfare an experienced comiiiaiider. Still another hypethesia has been propounded, namely. the; heving fully satkied lilruielf of Bean Pasha's geiety and uuwiliinguees to be resued, he as turn ed leuthwerd todo sore more exploring ora his owe account, and will come out in the direction of Zeezler, Eserythialt Haat its said about hire ,ie thus far mete swag.td-orl;. TRc.tr HENT FOR POT FLOWERS. Take a clean pot and make very rich soil with a little silver sand, or drift•sand found after a heavy shower. Then take bone or some red brick and fill the bottom of the pow Lay tomo burnt bone beaten line over this. Fill the pot with soil and make firm. Plant the bulb so that the top of it will he one inch below the surface. Stand the pot ine pan of water ; wash the pan ofion ;and be sure to nae soft water of water that has been boiled. OcaasionaUy nee a little wash- ing soda and a little cold tea ; keep the pan full of water. Never water on top of the pot, and every year your plant will improve. Noes. Dipping tho roots of plants in clear water is just as effective as the often recommend- ed method called "puddling;" also general- ly leas inconvenient, and in most cases pre- ferable. This applies with equal force to vegetable and to small fruit plants. Most persons dislike to handle paddled plants. Several of our native Lilies make capital border plants, easy to grow and conspicuous when in flower. Those curious in the Lily family have an immense variety to choose from, including several grand California spe- cies. The old longifolium, such a favorite with floriati for cut flowers, is one of them. The common Lily and the longifolium can be obtained almost for a song, from the florists, after they have flowered them. The culture of flowers is not, striotly speaking, a part of domestic economy. The writer has oared for flowers a considerable part of her time for the past 15 years, and there is no other occupation that has given her more downright pleasure. Onr home without flowers would scarcely seem like home. We fancy that the children would be.less contented, and that summer would be deprived of an essential charm. The culture offlowers may not be a part of domestic economy in a technical sense, but it promotes domestic joy and contentment -- and is not this economy? Spring bulbs are among the earliest to flower, and; generally go by the name of Dutch bulbs. The Snowdrop is first to open ; then comes the Crocus, Narcissus, and end- ing with the late Tulip. The Crown Imper- ials;are also quite early in flowering and have a strong, quick growth, almost before frost is out of the ground. ,All of this class of plants are better planted in the Fall, their growth being so early in the Spring, that to transplant them breaks the young tender roots, and cheeks the flowering. They commence to grow early, have finished Cate/Questions, altvaya a delight to a aclaool-bay to propound to hie teacher 4cateli ques,ious' i in =thematic -I thea the teacher canr.otan- ewer. ilm-uaily time eateb gvebtious er pro- peeitione are of little rmportanze, and the obaeat of them is Amply to chert Melina re• i�dles from these to whom they are put. 7'cntiele lar Owe several such questtone, a few of which are now and the others as "old as the bills," but new, probably, to sone aohool.heys Hud girls. If a ,goose weighs ten Faunae and half its own weight, what is the weight of the goose ? Who has not been tempted to reply on the inetint, fifteen peeride Pathe carseat awrrver beim; of come, twenty pounds. Indeed. it is astonishing what a vary simple g+uery will sometimes catch e wise man napping; ; even the following have been known to succeed ,stow many days would it hike to eut up apelco.ofcloth. tilty yards long, one yard being cut or every day ? A snail climbing up a post twenty feat WI, ale oda five feet every clay, and slips down four feet every night. flow long will the snail take to reacts the top of the poet ? A wise man laving a window one yard high aud one yard wide, and requiring more light, enlarged his window to twice its former aes ; yet the window was still only ono yard high and ono yard wide. How was this done ? This is a catch question in geometry, as the preceding were catch questions in arithmetic, The window was diamond• shaped at 'first, and was afterward made aquare. ' As to the two former, perhaps it is scarce- ly necessary seriously to point out that the answer to to e first is not fifty days, but £ortynine; and to the second, not twenty days, but sixteen—since the avail who vine one foot each day for fifteen days, climbs on the sixteenth day to the top of the polo, and there remains. A man walks round a pole, on the top of which is a monkey Aa the man moves the monkey turns on the top of the pole so as still to keep face to foto with the man. Query : When the man has gone round the pole, has he, or has he not, gone round the monkey ? The answer which will occur at first sight to moat persons is that the man has not gone round the monkey since he has been behind it. The correct answer, however, as decid- ed by Knowledge, in the pages of which this momentous question has been argued, is that the man has gone round the monkey in going round' the pole. NOTES ON CURRENT TOPICS, No satiefaetory reason to account for the has r far been of- fered re a o far falling off in the attendance of church -goers in the State of Maine. It is stated that one third of the Churches in the State of Maine are closed can account of lack of support, and that one-half the people are non -church -go - era. Out of 1,362churches lathe State 417 are vacant. It is ea;fsfactory to nota that the specie, of garnblimg known as lotteries Will in fat - ;ere be diecouregcd aa =CIA a poesibie iu the Province of Quebee. lion. Mr. Mercier, in it circular letter to the editera cf the pro- vincial journals, hag intimated hia iuttntfqu of prosecuting, aecarding to the etatutes5 any person who me - here -After advortie*, print or publish notices of lotteries. The necessity for either high or low level railway eressinee at the Esplanade in Town, to is crude ,more apparent by whet has hap- pezed in I'lii.alelphta. In ten years no few. er than three hundred end seventy-five per - eons were killed on the level railway cross- ings' within the limits of the city of Phila- delphia, ar.d during tee ilametime aboettbo anent number of persons were killed eu the railway llraee within the city. About two years ago l'atteis.nliroe. were given a heavy bonus to induce thein to ro- move their a iceitural worka to the go- mad town of Woodstock. The hates reek the feral of c35,0Ud, €see wager and exernp- t;ioa from .axes for it terra of }etre. NOW it le felted tiat the eoude.eeeri of he &mho engines oak tO ulnas salor theft the lire preeselre is reduced to a danlesenely low paint. The eity dispatee the rifle of the tirrn to free water for condeeeiee purposes, and: m very pretty lewsait is the remelt. The New York World 'states that the Wee :ru Union Telegraph Uomp euy have alt arrangeu est with Edtsoie by whioh the company pay him A certain auto yearly for the right to suppress any of }',id iiwenrtons `if the eampauy chows. It is said that me, der this erraiigeineut the cvmpeuy hasal- ready suppressed twee. fneportaoc anveutieraa wheel would have revoiutiouieed and hide - finitely c eepsned telegraphy. Apparently there is ttett;iag is ilzonopaty Will not do, from dynautitb:g a l:e,.siblo viral to obstruet- iug htatuau prowess, The abalitiou of elevery its Bread well .it seems be eeeeefulle brought Mont much. stoner than lean wee tel evert by oaag,uiuo pedant eopiste, Tat Chamber /et Deputies ares passed a bill peevidingfor theitareeiliate meneipatioa of o i erida= held in Flee sud the s.metion +sf the Senate i' the act regnired to break elf the elaatl:lee millrace of bandsmen. The Libel Lew Atneulaaent Till having asset to eta oris:? reading In the Commons atilt night, we may take it us ratttlerl that hereafter joarveliete will not be dragged out of their own l covinee in order to he tried. The thauite of all jeurnallett Are dee to .fou. Mr. Thoury .oeu for his 'mention to the sub. jeer, and Iournaliste will owe it to them- selves to ben that no meant Advantage is tartan of the amendment. Justice Triumphant. From time to time the press of the United States unite in lamenting that crime is on the increase in the large cities of the Union. The reason should not be difficult to find ; if the following ease is a sample of the justice of the courts. Before Juatioe Haight, of Buf- falo, the Everest's. Father and son, were in- dicted for conspiring to commit an act in- jurious to trade and commerce. The precise offence, committed in 1881, for it has taken seven years to bring these wealthy men to justioe, was enticing a workman away from the Buffalo Lubricating Oil Company and attempting to blow up the machinery of this important rival of the network of Standard works. The trial was long, and the Everests were able to use all the legal defence wealth could procure. The evidence was over- whelming and the verdict a righteous finding if there ever was one. The penalty fixed by law is a light one at best, $250 fine or im- prisonment for a year, or both. The judge fixed the lightest sentence he could, $250 fine, which for a wealthy man was nothing. Salaries of Judges. England has thirty-four judges who are each in receipt of a salary ranging from $25. 000 to $50,000, and. together draw $910,000 a year from the treasury. The eighty judges in the courts of the United States: are paid from $5,500 to $10,E00 a year, an aggregate of $318,000. (lot se'itretding. The stinting season for horses le now in full awing and our farmers need to pay the greatest a;;entten to their breeding stock. The raising of first etas+ bargee liti;O ag to be the key note to successful farming me/ataxia. Oar good horses aro eogerly sought after all. over, and command the higha'at price. There is a steady market both in Emptied and tea United States for all the talcabie horses we have; and if the horse produetton were ex• paned 100 per cent. there is plenty of roots for them in the world. But horse lire_ding here rtimires to be more ays- tcmatio to prettnee the .teat matte. There is altogether too inttali hapbazerd breeding, or breeding tone definite purpose. It is tem often tho case that cheap alres are used for tho take of saving a little, and the conscquenee is the production of an luferior, nondescript horse, whish fade no place fn. tho market except as a "plug." Thebes cheap :gtellions leave been the ruin of agood- ly number of our Canadian horses. Only to a limited extent are undersea el and pony horses required, and this for mere local pur- poses, such tea running te grocery wagon or a light buggy 'around a city ; ant for the ex- port trade they have no place et all. We have a number of first-class stallions in nearly every class, but this is not the only requisite to successful horso•breed- ing. There must be good mares and adapt- ability in crossing and breeding to a purpose. We may import all the heat horses from England and France, but until proper mares are selected horse -raising can- not be a euccese. And it is ton well known that the greater part of the brood mares in this country are animals that are unfit for work, old, blemished and just on their last legs. To produce the best results in horse raising the mares should be strong, vigor - ons, sound, and roomy. Another great cause of the poor stock raised in this country is the fact that many farmers pay no attention to the adaptability of the animals in crossing. Small -sized, fine -boned females are put to heavy -boned, large -bodied Clydes and Shire horses with the idea that the production will be a model horse. There never was a greater mistake. There is too sudden a descent, too abrupt a change, and in seven cases out of ten such an amalgamation—small mares, large horses —produces a lack of symmetry and fregnent- ly malformation. Nature is uniform fa her operations, and horses of about the same build and type should be mated together to produce good animals. Strong, bulky mares are required to create heavy, bony off- spring. If the horse -market be studied at the present time, it will be noticed that horseflesh goes by the pound the same as beef ; for horses are most in demand that will come up to a certain weight. It is well known that a draft colt—Clyde or Shire— from moat of the imported horses now in Ontario can be raised to 1,500 lbs, or more, at 3 years old more cheaply than a three- year-old steer of the same weight, and will sell, as readily for cash at three times the price. Then the last year's use of such on the farm will amply pay for any other differenoe. First-class carriage horses and saddle horses will pay equally as well asthe heavy classes if bred for a purpose and mated and bred to produce the desired 're-• sults of coach and saddle horses. The pro- duction of good horses is a business in whioh any farmer may engage in Ontario with the consciousness that he is doing a work that: will add to the wealth and general prosper- ity of the country, and producing an article which requires no sharp practice to turn into honest money, and one which comes nearer having a fixed ;value than any other produot upon the farm.