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The Exeter Advocate, 1888-5-10, Page 7THE CITY OF BUFFALO. some =mpaesstons From, a Recent Tis[c. $Y 3. E. I'OX,I.OQ$, B. A, The city is sand to have obtained ita name from Buffalo Creek, and the creek from an Ind;qui of Heat melte. Fort Erie was built in 1761, but Capt, tam, Johnson, who mar- ried a f>eneea woman was the first white set. tier at the menlBuff ale Creek in the yr Buffalo r 179$. Rea.. and Toronto, therefore, date from the same year; each possessed fort: :Buffalo --Fort Ede; 'Toronto -•Fort Ronnie, Each was foucded on the shore of a great inland lake --the one on the south. east share of Lake Erie --the other on the northwest shbre of Lake Ontario ; the one beneath the Stara and Stripe$, the other beneath the banner of Britannia, and each destined to become a great city although both were burned to the ground in the ware of 1812-15 which devisptated the boundary lines of the rival nations. Buffalo, like Toronto, is a great steam- ship and railway fools, each being the on. teeofand• e lalos great and rapidly increasing trade through a fertile eauatry lying east and west, The peculiarly COINCIDENT PPORTIINATE stemware of each, the character of its inhabitants, salubrious, climate, fertility of soil, lihelCs of connection with town and Gountry---by steauabeet, railway, telegraph and tetepone --have made and are writ making, each a great rend a prosperous city, with a progres- sion rivalling the first cities on the veva not. Buffalo le the larger (250,Q04 tae weal - shier, the mere densecratic of the two ; To. route the mere iteleteeratie, with its deer situation, fine harbor, better boulevsxrded but inferior paved end narrower !drone handsomer lawns, finer architecture, super. Ior fools and co'legee and ihrivereaty, Toronto, , to , the more ronnautie and healthier situation, Iu Tomato the Eng. licit, Scotch, and Trish eIepneeta of national- ity largely prevail, while Buffeter scenes to have a largo Gcrnoi eLen€at b 'eb. tper- haps, may e accounted for by the pgsca of the Res;.rvatlou Linda 0 the Seneca In. diens by the Holland Caaiip:any in an early period of the eity'ahietory, 14 1708 the New York Legislature authorized alit= to hold land by which law the UeUand Conn. party were enabled to take posseesioin of the lauds they had pnrebaaed, and lit the acme year the fissure flaifalo was given to Erie, To Joseph k;#U tt, More than to any other man iii its early history, is raid to be due the rapid progreta of Piatl'alo, which soon. rose from ri. hamlet to a city. He sur. veyed the heed for a city in 179hgaud opened sup the lint w goa•roa:l iie Eds County. The story of Portia Rumen -is one of tete earliest tales told is Buff'alo's history. Asa Remote, a sllver-initle, settled In Buffalo, in WOG 'with hie wife and intent daughter Portia. The Seneca Indians, min of the occupied the hands maretendino the village. In ons of their visite to Buffalo they made a raid upon Mr. Itansorii's house In his ab, cone and being denied liquor resolved to cony oil' the little girl Portia, Tit was with the greatcat difficulty that the eh#ld was aaved through the hereto conduct of Mrs, Ranaaoill and her neighbors. Not only was the child saved/coin the Iudiens but lived, prospered, and atterwarde became Mrs. Christopher Harvey. In walking up Mein St-,Baffelo, one might oaeily fancy himself on Yong() St., Toronto. There are similar wholesale houses at the foot of the atreet near the gavel, and similar diapleya of :goods on either aide of the street, with its rising elope till you reach the Gen - owe IT.'ouse, north of which aro many hand. some pritirate residences and pudic fenatitu- tions. Parallel with Main St., which runs north and south, are Pearl, Washington, Niagara and Dolewareatreets, the last being the finest in the city for ita magnificent private residences, fine ohurehee, .ample boulevards and broad pavements overarched by lines of lofty trees. Oa this street stand three magnificent churches almost side by side, FIne, Calvary eLureli 1 resbyterian) handsorno and imposing edifice of white stone ; next, a Methodist Episcopal of equal and similar proportions but of red atone; then Trinity Church (l;iglieh) as massive building of red stone Offering from the others in architecture, more ornamented with large circular windows +.f stained gloss fronting the street. Another handsome English church is that of St. John on S.'an St., built of white stone and resembling much the Presbyterian and Methodist, and whose Sunday School numbers 650 pupils. The writer witnessed the children's Easter floral service in this church. The altar, tablets, bishop's chair, and reader's desk were decorated with garlands of green. Above the altar was a blazing cross. From the bank of moss which filled the baptismal f ont sprang beautiful lilies. THEE AND LOVELv CALLAS arose from a vase at the corner of the chancel while the entire pulpit front was concealed by a mass of white and delicately -tinted flowers intermingled with green vines all artistically arranged. Fully one fourth of the immense assemblage that filled the sanctuary were children An- other fine church is that of St. Mary (Catho- lic) on Broadway SI. to which thronged thousands of worshippers early on Easter morn. St. Peu1's Cathedral is the most fash- ionable and aristocratic church in the city. Immense numbers throng there to hear the superb musical programme at Easter and to admire the lovely floral decorations of the church that day. However, no church in Buffalo has so fine a situation and such chaste architecture as the Metropolitan of Toronto. On the other hand, fewcities, perhaps, on the American continent, can boast so fine a Court House as Buffalo. Built of pure white stone, devoid of elaborate ornamenta- tion, like the chaste Greek columns of old, it rises in the purity and simplicity of its grandeur. It occupies an elevated space with main entrances from opposite sides. Its interior is as CHASTE Abu) -MAo1 .T1IoENT as the exterior, having double stairways and double enclosed elevators leading from floor to. floor. A tablet in the entrance hall shows the number .and office of every room in the building The Americans are a pract- ical people. The Court House was erected in 1875, and in that mane year they erected a magnificent gaol of white atone in the rear of the Court on the opposite side of the street. In Buffalo, from. Court to prison is but a. step, one may say. In` another .respect Buffalo far exceeds Toronto.. No monument in Queen's Park, lovely as Nature has made the surroundings, rises half so 'stately and grand as Buffalo's "M,oeument of Liberty" in Union Sclaare, It was erected in 1882, The base has the statue of a soldier standing at each corner as if to guard from every point of the cone- pase the maiden standing at the pinnacle of the monument and repres.eoting the liberty of the nation. The monument is of pure white atone, circular 'column and bearing Guyed inscriptiove It is called the "Sol; diers' Monument. Ire another respect Buffalo surpasses To - route and this is a nationat feature, I believe, of the Areeritence people. It is the courteous politeness of its people. If any doubt this statement let hire Tie*Buffalo ended; clues, bona et information from police. men,; bust. peas men or those he meets upon the street, Strangers receive a kind wdooms, One citizen is considered as good as another if hie reputation be good. Wealth builds no social barriers. Equal rights! and liberties to all. A common brotherhood and a com- mon humanity. The handwriting on the Wail. One day last summer I went into a lace yer'a office. I climbed up a flight of dusty stairs, turned to the right, walked down a meta hot, dingy passage -way net' I came to n door, and knocked hard. There was no re- [TenEverything was too sleepy even to Make an echo, So I Raid " Coma in ' to eny.in elf and walked , It was very waren, The a:'iedows were open, au Gate gniveringire from the bl" and weal around theofes in alugg-Lah waves werpiog the big law books on the nates-eov- eyed table. In the corners of cobwebs here, dusty and an0Sionle.s, A. broom 'cid a battered water behind the stove, which was red with rust watering -pee stood and atoad on three legs and weary with inaction. A eolittry ci;spidorg, heli filled with the sawdust of ages, slept be. hind the coal bee, where nobody could get at it. The glass lours :of the library hong Ajar, and the bnueh of keys hung in a limp, dissipated se. d the hot air rstering street, the main the Ian a cobble�6touh half caught, way from the look, as though the had tried to get to but fell asleep in he effort. The big llica buzzed Wily about in the air, as though they had about decided to retake one more effort to reeeh the ceiling, and if they mined it that tittle they would give it up and fall down on the neer, la a very old-faahloned web in a wireless- corner, an old-fashioned apider, fit eM coedit -ion of pitiful deatituden,. set by a rent in his den, trying to melte tip his iniad to brace op and get at it and mend it. A telirti.waisted weep sirewled about over the old, time -eaten window frame, loxaltin , for raw material for her wood pulp mill. Alt the pens ori the green table were earrosied and split up the bole, The ink fa the big eut ;glass attend bad dried up in a tan -baked, crackled marcs, The lawyer lay beth he bis big leather chair. itis feetwere on the table. Hie head hung over the beet of the chair. is luoath wadi wide open ; his eyes were tight shut. His bat had roll. ed under the tattle. A ncwepaper had fallen front his hand. He did not move when 1 told hire I had come to pay that bill, fie snored, gently, regularly, but renotutely, like ono to whom anoriug and aleepiugieuot aduty, but a pleasure. Above the little iron safe and above the hir; green table hung two framed mettoes. Mere the table it said, in severe lettere of forbidding beach ;-- "This is any busy day." And over the little Fran safe emphatic let. tent in dramatic' print Bald :-- "Time is money." I hadn't the heart to wake him. I tat down and gave him an hour of improving reflection, and credited myaolf with that amount on my bill.--(l3,urdette. Artistic Curtain. Stub's. I know of nothing in the matter of fur- nishing, that appeals an strongly to a house- keeper's heart as beautiful stud'.* for cur- tains and hangings. A visit to one of our large emporiums the other day satisfied nae that those of us who oannat afford superb tapestries with French Renaissance pat. terns, or brocades of the time of Louis Quatorze, can still drape our doors and win- dows artistically. I was greatly surprised to find that ono of the newest, us it Is also perhaps one of the cheapest fabrics for heavy portieres, is simply tho blue or brown donim used far working -inn's overalls. As it is always darker on one side than the other, one of the easiest means of ornamentation is to eut a pattern out of the cloth and ap- plique it on, wrong side out. Embroidery in outline stitch is also very effective; the pattern should be flowing and arabesque- like, or one composed of trailing vines and flowers. A flax thread is used which does not lose its lustre in the laundry. It makes very elegant table -covers ; being heavy it drapes well, and falls in rich folds. For windows in summer, cheese cloth re- tains its popularity ; but where white is un- desirable, on account of dust, there is a kind of scrim painted in colors, a sort of cheap Madras cloth, at 10 and 12 cents a yarn, which is very pretty and effective. It will wear, and look well for three or four seasons without washing, and isgauzy and airy, and not unlike China silk in design and gen- eral appearance. As it costs but 60 cents a window, it can be replaced when you tire of it. Use great care in selecting the pat- tern, as some of them are very ugly. A creamy ground with conventionalized fleur- de-lis sprinkled over, and a soft grey ground with trailing vines in browns and reds, and bunches of scarlet berries, are among the prettiest I have seen. Notquite in the decorative line, but bordering on the useful, are the comfort- ables of colored cheese cloth. If the idea is a new one to the rural sisters, I am sure they will be pleased with it. It is cheaper than calico and much prettier. The quilting is very quickly done ; one may make several in an afternoon at a very small bee, and they are light and warm. Pale pink and blue combine nicely for opposite sides, as do dark red and pale blue. Conversations With the Duke of Wellington, In Temple Bar for April appears an ar- ticle on conversations, with Wellington - The materials have been collected from the commonplace books of the Rev. J. Mitford, of Benhall, who probably heard most of them at Rogers' table, where be was a fre- quent guest, The Duke took kindly to Rogers, and contented to have his own words put on record. TO many other inter- locutors he was anything bet kind, Mr. laiitford gives one example. When the Duke was sitting to Phillips the latter asked hien " 1'Pae; not your Grace surprised at Waterloo?" 'a Novo^ till now," was the reply. Artists more than once offended hint he this way, and a minor colteetlon of Ida sayings might be made out of snubs to that profession. He did not mind talking of himself when it could be done with good aquae and dlaeretion, and as an ineideent Qf his confidences on great events. He did not like to figure as the subject of his own story, that was all, "He is naturally of great gaiety of mind," says Mr. Mitiord, "laughs load and long, like the whooping of the. whooping -cough repeated," Wellington told Rogers that if " Bannaparte" had come to take the command in Spain be additional fortythousand seen. Has it not should have eensidered his name nal to au been put et an even higher figore? Ile talked freely of Waterlog, but casualty In 9' disinterested way, as thong& b was some- body else's victory, "Deuttaparte was as clever a man as ever was, but he wanted sense ori many occasions, I thine` ens haze plan would leave Ween to have waited for the el ted Armies to have attaelhed. Then, to have *tined one out and defeated "At Woterleo B;auiies±Qartoha;l� alto dncst army .he ever had in lite life --fu.l of olden demo. . Two seek armies, so well trasaaned, se well otE eyed 1 It was A. beetle of $tante. It was his overeat npprosen ea hereto. To a lady who asked #siva to Shtell her all about the batt.e of Waterloo, e paint -nailed theta,"leo said, they pummel- led neand . au ose we use li d I rete a the ,B. P l?. hardest, ea we canned the day=" This Is almost capped by Mitford'e arcount of bis matter•of•favt way of receiving the con• gratelentions el Vrecvyy atter thedeer.Be would not tear of congratulation i --- ,c It was a. dreedfal bueiuese, thirty thou nand men destroyed, and a d—el near thing, George the Fourth hi no gentleman, he *aid, though an ercelleot actor of ane for ten miceutes. Like Mr. Maeready,,to can't support is longer. His ecnveraation With ROWS Tenet otl'enaive.` The King cover sought good eanpany ; the Qnsen did. Ilia levees disgraceful; all who scant their nemea were presentedby the lord in•w'aitini;, driven lidera him litre cattle. Ho keeps people waiting,The luekieet mat in the world—gettiointo nto serapes by miiesnduet, grad gett%eg out by goad luck." SIvbna the duke dined with Louie XVIIL. he observed that all the mentbere of the Reyal family were waited on by gentlen en. "I, of', coarse hada servant, and was the beat wait. ed an at table." Whoa past 80, aeeording to Mt. lniitford, he did the following things n one day. apparently without turnlug a hair :-1. ‘Vent to morning prayer. 2. Gave away two br#dea. 3. Tranaactcd Bora* Guards' business, 4. Took his usual rides. 5. Was present at a council and a drawing. room, O. Looked in at two exhibitions. 7. Bnterteined 40 guests et dinner. S. Gave a ball. O. Exerted the lest fair (lancer to her carriage snit saluted her at maize,. es - The The U. S. senate committee on 'foreign affairs by a strict party vote has reported against the ratification of the fishery treaty. Although this is a great and serious check to the agreement recently reached at Wash- ington coming, into effect, there is an apparently welt -founded opinion at Ottawa that ultimately the'Clevel-and Cabinet will prove strong enough to have the conclusion arrived at by the recent commission adopt ed. 'Just now it is thought that ft will be unwise either for the President or Secretary of -State Bayard to push for the treaty's ratification, owing to the enmities,that would certainly be aroused, but before a year has rolled, by it is believed that the opportunity will occur. Thus the treaty, in not lost, but is inabeyanoe., Gerntally''fl Next Emperor. William is very deeply and thoroughly Pruesiau. lisle allying, brcattting embodl. ment of all the qualities and lank of quail. ties which, through preciaety two centuries, heave brought the little mark of Brandenburg up from a puny fief, with a poor, scattered popplationof a million and a half, to the state of a great kingdom, ruling nearly fifty millions of people, and giving the law to all Europe. He is saturated with all tho in. stinote and ideas which has raised this pair• venn Prussia to her present eminence, and his °hareetor is the crown and flower of those two centuries of might and ruthfnlneso and spoliation exalted into creed, On the other hand, his mother is the beat royal product of a totally and fundatnontelly different efvilizetion. Victoria Adelaide is unques- tionably thebroadest, mostliberal, and most lovable of all the Guelphs who have been born since Elector George first landed in England. When I say that she is tho only ono of her family wheat presentspmpathizes wholly with Mr. Gladstone, I have most simply and fully indicated her disposition and bent of mind. Obviously she can have but little in common with a son who would hang Gladstone off -hand, and who avowedly hates England as the country whence has come all the constitutional nonsense which nowadays limits and hampers kingship. Mow to Annihilate Poverty. Inequality in the distribution of wealth seems to many to constitute the greatest of all social evils. But, great as may be the evils that are attendant on such a condition of things, the evils resulting from anequahty of wealth would undonbtodlybe much great- er. Dissatisfaction with one's condition is the motive power of all human progress, and there is no such incentive for individual exertion as the apprehension of prospective want. " If everybody was content with his situation, or if everybody believed that no improvement of his condition was pos- sible, the stato of the world would be that of torpor," or even worse, for society is so con- stituted that it can not for any length of time remain stationary, and, if it does not continually advance, it is sure to retro- grade. a. I1 is a matter of regret that those who de- claim most loudly against the inequalities in the distribution of wealth, and are ready with schemes forthe more "equal division of unequal earnings" as remedies against suffering, are the ones who seem to have the least appreciation of the positive fact, that most of the suffering which the human race endures is the result of causes which are en- tirely within the province of individual human nature 1'o prevent, and that, there- fore, reformation of the individual is some- thing more important than the reformation of society. " Ah, no, I never work," he' said ; With pride he gazed aloft, Indeed, I always sleep in gloves, It keeps my hands so soft." " I see," the cruel maid replied, " How you acoomplished that; And, pretty sir, when sleeping, Do you also wear your hat Y" Life of tke London Sweater. The Bert of Dunraven le not only desirous of r;forzaiug •the House of Lords but is earn- esst in trying to better the.condition of the neer slaves of what is called here, as in the United. States, the sweating " system. He is chairman of the committee of which Lards Derby and Rothschild are members. They mat in the library of the Ranee of Lord» taking testimony. The view* thus stated in an answer to a question which Lard Dun. raven put to a wieeess, 4ruo1d White for. nerly member of Parliament and co•laiborer with Walter Beaaut, George H, Sung and othere an ferreting oat abuses oat the neer. Mr. White ;--.- The remedies arei---L The restrictions sof foreign pauper exeigration espeeiaUy that of moo: aver fifty yeare of age, unskilled in their trade, epeak,ng no language brit their own and bringing no money with them. 2. The extearsion of the Factory, Act to adult melee, with reyiatra- ticn of all workrooms, the certificate of regietratioa to be affixed outside the bonne, and every room in the house to be accessible to the factery and renitery inspectero. 3 The abolition of the conllfetng, and separ- ate du dee of sanitary and faetory inepeotore and largely to nerease the number of the inspectors and to raise their gnaliScations.' ewe 6$w04.TOiG" Sween., 1►i'r, White went on to detail how, being interested tea. eeeial questions, he lead repeat- edly come tat contact with the "eweatrng" system. Vera Rothschild a..ked .. Ilow would yon describe ' weeding' 2" "It is inpassibie to give a scientific defi- e ition. Itereight be pelted a.ayatemofgriied- ing the pear," Tee went •'• eweater'F ?teed in the bone trade liedVeeapposite leveeing to that ha the tailors trade, In the hoo trade a 44awea+;er"' W4 a ascan who werked himself ; iii the raitor's trade ono who canted others to sweat. A master, or limier., la the louden boot trade teals a hell share, lie could prepare work for two, three or leer fiuithers. Suppoidee the price paid by *10 enauufectureweet four shllliege a dozen,_ t_he master would take two shillings • 4 and divide the aiu among i rant der ni nthreewcTlt<• note:. `Thus it wars evident than hmeter,. or Wolfer, was =lane to inere;are the num. ber of "etrcatera," ae he thug got an is eressed proportion of the money. The knifes provided his nieu with a cup of coffee he the morning and he .the evening ire order to prevent the workers from meveng from their Beats, Ho also provided them with. Utile, light and what was kaoum as gri:ud- ery. 'FUS SrSTRM oaf' wooN,It*o alio slop hot trade lied been brought. about by two factors not in existence two generat- ions ago -the puttee of riveting and the unrestricted importation of green hands from Rear., Poland and Germany. Tocy belong- ed to no union, and were welling to work for aunt remuneration as WAS given to In. dian caches, who IMAM reeeive four or five sense a day. The Abeam of epprenticeihip was ;mother cause. .Formerly workmen had. to undergo au apprentieeahip in order to be skilful. A" greener" who had not arrived a fortnight from abroad was now couridered aulineutly competent to take part in the work. The two great causes of aweating were the improvements is machinery and the importation of foreigners. Where there wee not the poor foreigner there was not the sweating. In answer to Earl Derby, who inquired about the hours of labor of sweaters, Mr. White said they worked about eighteen hews a day. Ile had seen mon at work from five o'clock a. m. until midnight. Tcoy sat and worked at their teats and took their, meals there. " Only yesterday," he said, "I saw one of these dinnera. which consiatod of a piece of hard, pasty like laread." :1 r'aoIL DINNER. Thi3 piece of bread wee produced and shown to the committee. Lord Darby mired, "Bat was this piece of bread tor the man's dinner or breakfast. Mr. White!' "I took it myself," Baia Mr, White, "as the remains of hie diuuer. He had coffee with it, but no fish, nor meat, nor anything else. It is the ordinary food of the sweaters. By working eighteen or nineteen hours a day for some years the working sweater in the slop boot trade hopes to be a knifor himself. The colonial mars et is flooded with work of the most worthless description turned out by these aweatera—, boots with soles made largely of brown paper." The Earl of Dnnraven asked :—What is the price paid for finishing these boots?" "Tho manufacturers pay fonrpence a pair for finishing, or four shillings a dozen.' " What do you say," asked Lord Derby, " about the men -who work eighteen hours a day 2" "I have known one sweater who, when he went home at midnight, was so exhaust- ed that it was his custom to sleep with his head on a table, being too tired to go to bed. Any attempt by the men to organize them- selves, to get shorter hours or to obtain bet- ter wages, is looked upon as insubordination and the masters will instantly dismiss them." The life of a London sweater was hopeless and dreary, and it is not surprising that they showed inclinations to adopt revolutionary propaganda. Asked about the sweaters, Mr. White added that they were usually intelligent and temperate, most attached to their families, of whom they caught glimpses, as it were. They never thought of amusement, and at forty years old a sweater was aged and worn out. " Are they well behaved ?" asked Lord Derby. "Admirably behaved as regards morality; abominably behaved as regards cleanliness.' "Is the condition of these men better or worse here than in their own country ?" "Many of the men who come here from abroad have been driven from their homes by political reasons. Their social life here is certainly not better than that which they left in their own country." Several workmen witnesses who were ex- amined fully bore out the truth of Mr. White's investigation. One can stand as an instance of all. ' A WORKMAN'S TESTIMONY. Samuel Wildman, whose appearance con tradicted his name, a boot finisher, said that he Dame from Hungary ten years ago, as he could not get a living there. "What were you engaged at there?' asked Lord Dunraven, '`Iwas a teacher." "Then what made you think yon could do better here ?" From 'what friends in Hungary told him he came to Fngland, went to the East End and was there told by a num that he could learn the boot finishing business in tour weeks. Ile worked for the man for four weeks for nothing, beginning at five o'clock in the morning and leaving off at midnight, Be worked every day except Saturday. Eor those four weeks he was not paid anything. lie eabsegaently obtained ,employment another workshop, tie had labored for the past ten years at sweating work from six in the morning until midnight each day ire the week but Saturday anal now earned fifteen shillings; weekly. He had a wife and six children, and paid four shillings a week fox- root. orrent. He was required to work so hard that he could not drink his coffee or tea mail it was cool, as he could not spare the time to drink it warm, The workroom wap about, four and a half tardy square and two or three yards high. It had two wiadowa, two gas- lights and one heating light, and font work. Men, besides the master, were employed in it. No impeder had ever visited it, witness spoke is broken English, but' was et Last questioned by lord Rothschild le Ger• man, and in reply answered as above, Overpopulation. Wbat will became of the weaker as the struggle for existenee becemee more aavere 2 is a qunstioaa much diseaa;:eed just now in the papers and magazinea it< cannot be said that very winch light has yet been thrown upontheproblezn. The stern oat- oral law which onpit ugly deereea that the unfittest, Tenet perish he order to make room: far those better fitted is being year by year mere su eea.fally counteracted by the great moral law which is its lower ap-plicat.lona eeiaius the strarg to resweet the rights -of the weals, and, in ita higher, COMMthus each to love his neighber as himself. It is true *hat the operations el this moral law are not yea very marked, and, perhaps, are not likely ,00a to become so, in modifying the fierceneea of the competition for places of employment o0 e inset and profit. Stiltthe o - P F A lr out blued agencies of sanitary science eudCbrie. tier phaothrapy are hc#pitig an the rapid inereeso of the race by, the removal cf the sooraeaof disease, on the one hand, and the more merciful and skilful treatment of the d&eea:ed and belpleea on the other, Wonderful as are the aehievemente of applied eeiteice and human inventivennes it le doubt- ful whether it eon long be is the power of these or guy other agent#ee to iaarease the means of subelatenee in equal ratio with the ranuhtiplieatien of tete rase. If not, the world roust be tending towards abaalute overpopulation. In other words, a titre roust =vitally carat wirers there. will be large numbers for Thom no profitable work cen be found, and who will, theretore, be foredoomed either to be supported by the labors of otbera or to etarse. This, however, shay be regarded as, for soiree time to ceme, a ep:celative rather than au actual (longer, mute the state of things described canoe exist, neve in special. over.crowded .com- munities, sa long as there are in other parte of tko world large and fertile areae nuoccupi- ed. Thus the problem. for gone generations to come, resolves itself into one of redistri- bution of populations by emigration from the congested to the sparsely settled loculi - ties, a process which is being carried on on a. constantly increasing !male from yo,,e to year. There le, however, one form of the dif6i. culty which cermet be as cantly met. Erni- gration is easy enough for unencumbered young men, or men, in most cases, for fem. ilia. But what about the multiplying thou- sand!! of tingle women who aaunot go abroad aloud to fieht the battle on a foreign soilTake the ease of great Britain, for instance. Stat1ttica show that there are at the prosect time SOO OO) more women than men fn the 'United Kingdom. That means, of course, as tho Spectator points out, that there aro 880,000 ;iris who caut never have husbands, unless polygamy is resorted to. What is to become of thcee ? But a limited number of them, we may assume, have par- euts or friends in a position to provide per- manently for their support. Under the in. tluence of the better notions which modern opinion, or perhaps modern neccaeity, fa causing to spread, largo numbers of these women ere becoming educated and fitted to support themselves, pro- vided suitable occupations can be found. But there's tho rub 1 '1 he melte of wo- man's opportunities for self-support has also boon enlarged of late years, until the pro- fessions and pursuits which remain exclu- sively male preserves are very few indeed. But the trouble is that the number of work- ers increases more rapidly than the oppor- tunities for work. There are now, the Spectator tells us, three applicants for every situation where there was a little ago only one, and the great London shopkeepers could fill their establishments with the daughters of clergymen, country solicitors, doctors, and superior clerks, and then leave a kind of worldful begging for admittance outside. What is to become of the constantly- increasing onstantlyincreasing number of these young women, to whom self-support is a necessity, and who are able and willing to work, but for whom no suitable work is forthcoming? It would seem ae if the revolution in regard to wo- man's work and sphere were as yet only be- gun. Landlady (swell boarding house)—Have you any children, madam? Applicant (meek- ly)—Only one, a little boy, and he is very sickly. Landlady (dubiously)—I hardly know what to say, madam. Some of these sickly children often linger a long time, you know, and I don't like to take any chances. Medioal science is cruel to Emperor Frederiok of Germany in prolonging his agonized physical existence ; yet ex- cept when in extreme distress, he un- doubtedly wishes to live to complete his long -cherished work of constitutional re- form. This endurance for his people's sake of tortures, fierce and incessant, is one of those superb instances of courage which pass' into history to adorn its pages forever. Mr. Bradlaugh put his foot intoit badly when he charged that Lord Salisbury had given £25 to promote the meeting of work- ingmen in Trafalgar Square that culminat- ed in a riot. Lord Salisbury proved con- clusively that the cheque for that amount was given to provide food for unemploy-• ed working men and was used for that purpose, so that the contribution, instead of being to his discredit, • was one for which he, should be honored. Mr. Bradlaugh was compelled to make an apology, but even that will not relieve him from paying $1500 for a libelous statement, made with a. reckless disregard of knowledge of what he was talking +.bout.