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The Wingham Advance, 1917-05-03, Page 7••• LLOYD GEORGE, OPTIMIST, SHOULD WE PLANT NEW APPLE ORCHARDS ? CHEERS BRITISH HEARTS There is An Opportunity Now for the Beginner if Ile Will Ca. for Ws Orchard Properly But Ile Should Plant a Fairly Large Orchard. Great Guildhall Speech of Premier Tells of Certainty of Victory. But Warns Candidly of Sacrifices and Perils to Be Faced. (Reuter Deepatehn °Lunen -cable; It was a distin- gtnehea aesembly that gathered to - clay at the Guildhall on the occasion ot the arceeetation of the freedom ot the City oa London to Pre.mier Libya geoge. He began ine epeeeli by em- phaelzing the growing superiority of the Brittelt over the enemy. "We never forget the daye of rinancial eanie at the beainning of the war, but British, eredit survived nespite many contrary predictious," no remindet1 hie hearers. PRAISE FOR GENERAL FRENCH, Referring to the original army, he maid: "1 remernber the dark. dreary ten alien our gallant fellowe enuttered treneace nact night and day to endure the mockery of the Ger- mans. How they etood: The way in winch the British inrautry stood the guns of Napoleon one day was one ot C110 Tenn of military history. Their aneendanta Mood greater guns tea (lava and nights and. weeks and menthe and never flinched. It was the greateet story in the world. They reter broke-. and only those who have met and talked with them can realize what theY did. The story will nevel me. Our gratitude is due to the brave livtle man who led them through all these menthe and never lost heart -- Lord Freneb. When I took the job to organize the resourcee of Great 13ritain 1 did it in order to give the brave men. a real chance to fight. And. thank God. they've got. it—thanks to this country. Peaple aro now discev. eying that none of these had a mom opoly of wisdom, or was the sole re. pository of political sagacity—no, even If the five were put together. The people are realizing that there are more things in heaven and earth than the political philosophy of any ot these parties. That is one illusion that we have seen disappear in the lurid fires of war. "Mien after the war reconstruc- tion begins, 1 hope, trust and Pray that we are not going to dive into tbe pigeon -holes of party for dust -laden precedents and programmes. Let us think out the best methods for our- relves in the face of eearching Teets of which we know nothing before the war. We are a thousand years older, and wiser since the war. Tim e,xperi. epee of generations has been crowded into just a few winters and we ehouid bo unworthy of the great Clestiny to wind). Providence has called this gen• elation if we threw away all that for the sake of formulas framed before the fiood. • "There is no sphere of statesnian- ship," he continued. "in which there Is more Deed for revised ideas than our attitude towards nat. great coin. monwealth of nations of the Britleh Empire. In the past we have treated It es an' abstraction, a glorious ab- straction. hut still an abstraction. The war has shown us all that the Em- pire is a fact, nay, a faretor, the.most potent factor to -day in the stmiggle the efforte of the manutacturers and for human liberty. We sent 100,000 the woramen—and don't let us for - thousand floclod to the factories and asked what they could do to help their gallant kinemen in the field. They leave done all they could. and the story la DOW a very different one." men to Francis( in August. 1914. They get the women. who by the bundred turned the tide of history. The Do. minions and India contributed 1,000,- 000 men. That has transformed our ideas regarding the reality and bene- ficence of the British Empire. The world cannot afford to let it be Turning to the question of stun - ping, Mr, Lloyd George said that the ld'eken: but the choice must be be. tween immediate concentration and cutting down of importe last Year ware uot adequate. In addition to the say.. ultimate dissolution. Things cannot ing of a million and a half tons last remain where they were, It may be Year. new arrangements were 110•W said that the shadowy character of being worked out to stop an addi- the relations between us and the Mi- noan -1 six million tone of imports. millions and the great territories ot Arrangements were being made the East have produced this rent ere whereby ultimately imports would he heel= That was all very well before cut down by over ten million tons . Limy made those great sacrifice& yearly without interfering with any DOMINIONS REAL PARTNERS eneential intlestry. Furth.ermore. we "They have now established their are g,oing to save all the timber we claims to a real partnership. hence - can. We aro making arrangements forth effective censideration must be by which we can get the most or our the only baeie of co-operation. 11 our maierals worked in mines in Great action brings -them into trouble, aa it Britain. We ellen, be• getting four has, and it costs them millions of million tons of ore, in addition to precioue lives, they must henceforth what we hre getting now, out of this, country by August next, and our be consulted before the act Mothona Meet furnaces will be adapted for must be carefully ' considered. (7( that purpeee. You know what ter great war is not the best time tor million tone ef imports meah. II thinking out, perhaps, a new con. this had (been sieved a year ago, there stitution, but our Councils ot Empire would now have been a. year's eueply Must be a reality. The Imperial War of wheat in the atone of this eountry Cabinet has been a demonstration of 85,000,000 BUSHELS IN CANADA. the value of this council. Our cot- leaguee from the Dominion and from "There are eightnaive million bush- india have not taken part in a mere els or wheat in Canada, I would no,. formal conference. They have had say for the asking, but for the fetch- a real share in our councils, and in lag," continued the Prime Minister. our decisions and have been a great "It ought to have been here. I be source of strength and wisdom to our lieve that about twenty or thirty inn- deliberations. They came here win( lion bushels of this wneat bad to go fresh minds, having viewed the worn! tio the United States for lack of an- conilict from different peaks. Mame other market. We must mit down running in tile mine course for a long our feed until we discover a method time aro- apt to aget rutty. The •01 dearoYing this ocean bacillue. weightier the minds the deeper tne That is one thing that has got to be ruts. You require fresh minds to lift (Ione: but It is tot all. We are build- the cart out; and we have had such lug ships: The Shipping Controller minds. We have had war 'decisions has already made arrangements of the most far-reaching character -in whereby we are to get three times, which our overesas colleagues assist - possibly four times, as many new ed us. Great problems regarding sun- shiPs in 1917 aa last Year. He has marines, shipping and food, as well as alert brought practically the wbole of tee shipping et sine =wry for the military decisions bave all been re viewed at the councils in winch 'they first time under complete •controf apd have participated. But we meat do requisition. That means that the more, ships of this country are going to be "Wo have been taught by war' the gonceutrated henceforth upon -the real value of empire, and one of the • essential ant vital trade of the come first duties of the statesmanship ot the try, The nipping -controller has so future will be -to take the 'necessary ooneentrated and arranged traffic that although we are losing heavily in measures* to aid the development of the etupendous respurces we pessess. ships, and assuming that we etill con. tinue to lose at the same rate, in July That ought to be our special care and we shall bring more cargo tohnage our special pride, as it undoubtedlY . fnto our Torts than In Mareh last: will be our special security. We want fIOUGIIIT BRITISH WE'RE DONE. to develop. the lands under the flag. PREFERENTIAL TRADE, "The Clematis tbougat that we "We have decided that in,future it Were done, but they aut not know the is the basiness of British and Domin- race they were lealing wIth," eon- • firmed Mr, Lloyd Geerge. "When ion. statesmanthip to knit the Empire in closer bonds •of interest, of trade, pressure ie brought to Pear upon thie old country it somehow or °then wins ot gornmerce. of business and general through and it is going to do it this intercourse in Affairs, We hee e eon. time, by the means I kave meta Sidereal this propleen and deeidect that none& I have no hesitatioe, after- e in order to 'ileVelop those ettormous daily investigation of the Government ' territories in finals it is necessary reports, and looking at the whole that exceptIonal encoaragement should thing in its worst as well as its best be given to the products of each part aspects, le eeYing that if the pro. of the Empire. We believe that a sys- graranie is carried, out, which meat.. tem of preference could be established that everybody in the t onetry does withoet involving the imposition of lals duty, the German sebinerino eam- food bloater's. We believe it can be paign is beaten. done without that; eand, of course, th food . the scarcest and dearest, "But the public must stick to ra• wi this is not a time to talk of putting tions,'farmers and laborers. must .00 additional burdens On food, But for tivate the land, workmen in ship the purpose of a preference that will yards must ao their best to increase not be essential. You can secure that the supply 01 elites. If a's Wry oat by other means, particularly.by taking all those things faithfulesh we can defy the measures which other lands bave the very worst," Ur. Lloyd George proeeeded t° saY taken for impaoving communicatioe between one part of the dominions and Mat lie had dealt at length with tbe the other. By these means the pro. eubmarine• question, because it had undOubtedly attracted a great deal (il ducts of ooe country inside this great attention and the flguree tvere alarm- imperial cpmmonwealth can be brought more freely, More readily and Ing; but the Government published more ecenornically. to the markets of tbem all beea.itee they wantea the the other, ipubile to know. The present Cote eminent teneeale nothing from the aThe Empire has Infinite resources of wealth, minerals, food products and Will& Great 13riann was -one every commodity needful for men; anti ()entry that you don't get the best it is obviously advantageous, hot MA Of until it linows the worst. Thal Was true of any ceuntry with grit. merely to the particular country pro. (By H. S, Fry, 13.6.A, Itt the first place, lotus preface this discussion of the "Beginner's New °reliant," by an opinion, °pintoes are supposed to be less reliable than facts, yet we rely oa the °pintoes of others to direct most of our efforts— besides,. opinions are theaper. The writer therefore ventures an opinion that what is wanted iu Ontario fruit growing is not more beginners to Plant new orchards, so much as more fruit growers •to Increase their acre- ages; There in of course, always roonl for a good beginner, but the apple In- dustry in partidular is ia toed of: First, larger orchards, so that eost ot production may be decreased; sec- ond, fewer growers, so that maricet- ing methods and like considerations may more easily be placed upon a basis of standardization. There has probably been no time in the bistory of Ontario apple growing when the necessity for careful planning of new orchards, thorough care of the grow- ing crop, end intelligent haadling of the fruit harvest has been more ar-• gent tha.n at present, There are several things which seem to indicate the truth of this statement. In the first place, nursery- men agree that it is very difficult to sell apple trees at present. One need travel only through the recognized apple clistrict to note tite scarcity of young orchards one, two or three 'years old. There is also aa increas- ing number of poorly cared for or- chards In the province. One might conclude that ovenproduction is 'res- ponsible, and so we believe it is—not over -production in a real senee, but the over -production that must inevit- ably follow the production or poor - grade fruit from nundreds of small, halt -cared -for orchards. In other words, the percentage of poor -grade fruit put on the market is too large, and since the average fruit grower es- tablishes the predominating • quality or grade, extra inteligence efforts are required on the part of the really good grower if fair profitnare to be secur- ed in years of full.crops, in the face of the large quantities of second- grade fruit which will be thrown on the market. NEGLECTED OROHARDS ON THE INCREASE. clueing those produete, but to -every LESSONS OP THE WAIL other part, including the United King - Referring to the lessens Weil the dom, that thee° Innodlties should be war and taught to finanders, Maim developed to theeelt teemeees, %platen; and senora, the enrich. strength all Nis:a toTgheThertlilide Premier said that this great world Empire ati a whtleet" convulsion had altered their idene In conclusime )11.e Premier referred about trade and other persuits. "ahe to the position' flI (Mare of the eoUntry," he said, "dm grentest disa I t "le" "Gell'hiatre and she ha plito rii Ment In that war. pends upon hove much the politicians inanY4 has been have teamed. 1 hae e heard polita Inclitt." sal: thleat Premier. "Gerinany elans Who Mink that when the \wvanei tetIniceted sedition, diEttraction, (MOO- N over the game OW Machinery di loyalty and t abtlso b 1 he fettles et Itri be re.established, the sante old Min' Dreams file( upon the task ef MM. meihOds applied. People who do not ese. What did She finda Itnotv politielans thittk•of them an wild Tanthusfasm, loyaltY, bele, -MIMI% and revolutionaries. A wIld revolutionary i think India is entitled to at& that Is the met reactionary persOn in the World. Before the war there were live abeollitely independent Parnell in While we can by no means claim to have solved all or nearly all et the orchard problems as yet, it does seem that with the many different fruit - growers' organizations in the Pro- vince, the Experiment Stations and District Representatives. all taking spraying. pruning, thinning, cultivas tion and fertilization in order to raise the quality of the fruit we market, there ought to be a marked decrease in the number of uneared for or- chards, Instead, there are still apple distriets in the province where only a very small proportion of the growers spray regularly and with sufficient thoroughness to control even the more important diseases and pests like apple scab, San Jose scale or -the codling moth. The number of neg- lected orchards, too, seems to be in- creasing, rather than decreasing, es- pecially during the last few years. Of course, in certain parts of the pro- vince this degiect has followed an overrapid planting due to high prices secured for fruit and to the efforts of real- estate agents. It seems to be true, too, that a large number on grower's, particularly of apples, are' quite easily induced to neglect their pruning and spraying by me or two years of light crops, such as we have experienced. As was pointed out, also in the Countryman some time ago, this condition is in part due to the small acreage in each orchard. The war likewise has conteibuted its share by creating a serions shortage of labor on. the general farms of the province where the small apple or- chard is found in such large numbers. C,OOD TIME NOW TO PLANT. Apple prices, or perhaps we should aay apple profits, have decreased generally since 1910-11, and con-. sequently it is only natural to expect a decrease in pleating for feer of over productioa. In -1010-11 yields and prices were good and plantings were very heavy, and had' been heavy for about five years previous. Since then, however, conditMns have gradually been changing as a result of the in- fluence of crop cycles, about which Prof. G. E. Warren says regarding apples: "There is no ream. why an average of fifty years of apples should pay better than other grope, Abnormally high profits are the peril of the industry. The only way to tell whether to plant apples Is to stusly the comparative numbers of old and young trees and the present rate of planting, larozn the figures thee far available, it appears the periods of over and under -production of apples last about, twenty to twenty-five years, as it takes this time to get enough trees raised to bearing age to cause ovenproductton, and about another equal period or little planting before prices rise high enough to stimulate another planting wave." Prof. War- ren sem "It would appear to be the part of wisdom tor a fernier to start planting orcharas about the middle of the low price period, when everyone is discouraged, mid to stop planting at the time when prices are so high that everyone is planting," It would seem then Unit foi the next few years apple orchards planted by the right persons would prove good investments, providing they were tak- easiculaered.01 and been thoughtfully It will probably be a considerable time before nursery stook will again be sold as cheaply as if is being sold in the spring of 1017. The label. situ- ation is affecting the nurseryman as well as the farmer and fruit grower, and an increase in price is inevitable. Of eourse this, is a small considera- tion really, since an advance in price of five eents per tree would only mean an increase of two dollars and a half in the cost of planting an acre, thirty feet apart each way, or an in- crease in interest charges of fifteen cents per year. 1Vith regard to the question 'of var- ieties there are several • varieties which see:n to be favorites. A list of the twelve most popular varieties in Ontario would probably in.clude Duch- ess, Yellow Transparent, Alexander, Wealthy, Fameuse, McIntosh, Wag- ner, Ontario, Baldwin, Stark, Spy and Ben Davis. The last five are late win- ter, long keepiug sorts, and the re- mainder vary in season from late summer to early and late winter. The list, arranged in order. of quality, would be as follows: Spy, McIntosh, Wagrer, Fameuse, Wealthy, Yellow Traneparent. Ontario, Baldwin, Duch- ess, Stark, Alexander and Ben Davis Not every one would arrange these varieties in this way, since no two person's tastes are alike. Wealthy, Duchess and Wagner are about the earliest bearing varieties, while Bald. win and Spy, especially the latter, are the latest. BEST VARIETIES FOR ONTARIO. Many growers and fruit men do not advise planting Northern Spy. It must be admited that it has three bad faults. It is very slow. in reaching maturiten very susceptible to scab, and has a very tender skin. On the other hand, it is extremely long-lived, develops great beauty when proper- ly adapted to soil and climate, and possesses a remarkably flne combine - tion of cooking and dessert quality, and is a splendid keeper. Although no figures are available, it probably costs more to produce a barrel of Spies than any other variety mention- ed. Notwithstanding the serious ob- jections to Spies, it seems to the writer a very desirable variety for a young orchard, and possibly as =eh as fifty per cent. of the planting could be of this variety. It should be -mentioned, bov,'ever, that while the Northeen Spy is undoubtedly the most popular variety with the consumer, the grower, especially of late, years, is discarding it rapidly because of its lateness in coming into bearing, There are more McIntosh Reels be- ing planted now than any other var- iety in Ontario. The variety is an earlier bearer, is more easily grown with good color, is hardier and is a nicer tree to handle in the orchard than most other' varieties. It, toonis very susceptible to scab, has not tbe keeping quality nor the cooking quali- ty ot npy, and is only a fair pro- ducer, although perhaps not fairly termed a shy bearer. RrOl-J7.1,01101,10,,,I•04.1ang..,410.1, • Its hardiness, too, is an important consideration. Wealthy is one of the favorite vedettes for use as a fillet The Wagner is a variety which, while deserving of increasea Planting, le not as adaPted to varying condi- tions as -some other- varieties. When well grown the Wagner is a delieleme apple, but when lacking in color, Size or maturity, it is very °raillery in- deed. Liao the Wealthy, its Produc- tiveness and early maturity make It an excellent variety for a filler among late maturing varieties. The tree is inclined to leen vigor after tne bear- ing stage is leached, and as a result it is not very long liv,ed. It is what might be termed a mid.winter variety and consequently (Ices not equal SPY in keeping quality. Everyoue is acamainted with the Baldwin. That it is profitable will not be denied, It lecke hardiness, however, and should not be planted except in Western Ontario and South of Toronto. Stark is said to be very profitable as an early and heavy bearer. The tree is vigorous and the fruit possess- es good keeping quality, It is, how- ever, only fair in quality and not very attractive, As regards the Ben Davi the less said the better, This 'variety is not at its best in any part of Ontario. It is as poor in. quality as it is long keeping —which is slaying a great deal. The Ontario is a cross • between Wagner and Spy, The Mutiny. is good, but lower than either for desert, al- though a good cooker. Fruit•is large, a good keeper and fairly attractive. The tree, however, is noa satisfactory in vigor and consequently Ontario is not being largely planted, The writer is Manned to believe that its value as a commercial Variety would be considerably enhanced by double working on Tolman Sweet, McIntosh or Northern Spy. It is said to he very resistant to seen The Duchess is a remarkable com- bination of earliness, productiveness, early bearing, cooking quality, hardi- ness and scab resistance. Whole or- chards ,planted to this variety in dis- tricts best suited for summer and early fall apples have proven very asprosfittaibuiser,. It is air; very valuable Yellow Transpaient is d'n excellent early apple, vigorous, early bearing, productive and hardy, but the fruit is clear yellow when ripe and shows every bruise. Consequeutly it is only suitable for marketing locally. ' • When selecting these or other var- ieties for planting in the new orchard one should be °areal). to note the util- ity of the varieties chosen, SPy, Va- meuse and McIntosh, for instance, are dessert varieties, while Baldwin, Stark and Ontario are cooking var- ieties and go to the general market. With the former it is both possible and desirable to box all well -grown specimens, while it is very doubtful if the latter class should even. see the inside of a box. 'Under some condi- tions it might be advisable to box some cooking varieties on account of the box being a smaller package and the more quickly usea, but otherwise the quality is too low to demand boste inn • WHY SPIES SOMEEMES FAIL The writer's choice of three stan- dard varieties would be Spy 99 Per cent., McIntosh, 25 per cent. and pro- bably Baldwin 25 rencent, If it were not too tender, witla Ductess, Wag- ner and Wealthy as . There is one consideration in choos- ing varieties which should be kept in mind. Many varieties are self -sterile, et least under certain conditions of chmate and soil. In such easee it is uecessary to plant other varieties near them in order that the blossoins will be fertilized. A variety or plant is said to be self - sterile when pollen from its own blos- soms will not fertilize these blossoms nor the blossoms of any other plant of the same variety. Tots lack oafer- tilization, of course, prevente fruit for. mation. SPy and McIntosh are two well-known examples of self -sterility in apples, and because of this neither variety should •be planted alone, They are excellent pollenizers fon each oths. er, however, and the two can bail planted side by side -with safety, even though there may be no .other apple trees near by. Baldwin, Blehheim and Ben Davis are good pollanizers for Spy, also, since they bloote „ compar- atively late in the season, cla does the Sina --The Canadian Ggu'ntrymert. Everyone is well acquainted with Pameuse or Snow. It is very produca tive and hardy, but the apples, al. though very beautiful and of excel- lent table quality. scab badly and are small. Wealthy is a favorite' for quick re- turns. The fruit is of fair dessert quality, and a favorite for cooking. The high yielding power of Wealthy, its early bearing and its attractive color are strong paints in its favor. questions require bold statesmanship. "Timidity, thnorousness or faint heartedness, abhorrent in peace, is fatal in war. Great Britain has faced the ,problems of wai with Amazon courage, She must face the problems of peace in the same great spirit." " • • . RAN CE r Aly GET NEXT AID -From the Money Chesta United States. Italy Needs the Assistance the Worst. Washington despatch: The next allotment • of credit by the United States Government to members of the Entente groat) will be to Italy and laranee. The amount will be from $250,000,000 to $300,000,000 These allotments are uot any part of a plan of regular periodical advances of money, They aro preliminary and Introduced merely to meet present tiec.essities for funds tO pay for war supplies contracted for 111 the United States end being delivered every day, The claims of Italy for immediate aseistanee are believed to outtveigh those of larahce, and the considera tion of them by this Government is .being expedited in view ot the ex- freme necessity. Franco ale° has strong demand for help, but her fin. armee are such as tO etand the train • of delay. At the sante time it was etated today by Mr. McAdoo that in all probability bent deltas Would be (net at about the seine nine. The United States Treasury now has available SubecrIptions aniounting to nearly $100,000,000 with which tO meet the eredits proposed tO be extended to Italy rind France, ituel there is the firmest Oft of eonfidenee these loyal myriads shOuld feel not av In the ability of the Tree•atiry Dalian ft they were a subject race in the ment to placte the $300,000,600 that empire, lint a partner Wien. All these Will be reqUired fer the two eetintrie& of ENEMY FLIERS GOT SURPRISE •--- ning fights and 'general Melees, One distinguished young Britisher. wtio but recently returned to the air after several months of rest, deliberately "sat over an enemy aerodrome" and watched six enemy machines leave the ground and begin to. elinib towards him. He was sitting at 13,000 feet. OF THEIR LivEs .alienadd e era !or t her eraWeendgitnhge rpe aunnetsil attainea about -6,000 feet. In the meantime he had noticed that one of the hostile birds was something of a stranger. It had a very long tail and a vory short nose; The Britisher. however. did not step to worry about it. He dived at the highest of the climbers and gave him two bursts from his mathine gun. Down went the German in a crash just outside a bit of Wood. 6•••••••••-•••••••110 Came Out to Exercise Were Trounced by Squadron of British. Planes. HEROIC.DEEOS Lone Aviator Iluml3les Three Huns -Successful Trap by British. From a Staff Correspondent of the Associated Press with the British LaernieS in Prelim cable says; The German airinen had one of the great- est surprises aof their. lives late yes- terday. The day had be.eu heavily overcast until nearly 0 pan., when the clouds suddenly thinned 'and the Bun broke through. A few German machines had been. sighted well back of their lines during the obscured period, but when the sun shone out several enemy squadrons. which bad been housed all day, came out to stretch their wings in the sleeting afternoon's raYs. They had scarcely taken the all' when the British machinee peulice.d upon them, and in the aftetateatime fighting that ensued several Gerine.n Machines were Seen to erash and eight others to be driven down. cOMpletely out of eontrol. whieh are believed to have been destroyed, Between and 8 o'clock the air was filled with womlerful irieldents of deede Of daring. There Were *tale • %VAMP. .1. .1,01.00.... rolling up one of the most brilliant BRITISH GUNS me takes the most desperate clianceS, the result being tbat he la records of the war. 7 • VIPTEEN PIalling IN A DAY. Not content with felling fifteen hos. tile machines during their brief fly. in; interval yesterday, the 13ritish airmen also. downed one observation balloon and sallied forth under the stars last night on .a great bombing expedition, during which they upset three °Orman trains bringing troops toward the front. Two of the trains were completely derailed, and the en. gine of the third appeared to explode. One of the Dritish pilote during the real temporarily lost his bearings. He war; fired at from the ground, some of the projecttles being in the uatUre Of greenish -colored rockets. In the glare of these he happily saw a supply depot just beneath him, whereupon he let gO one of his Dombs and obtained a di- rect hit, the depot disappearing in a great flame. All the British machines. returned safely, despite the darkness of the night. The German mathines recently have taken. on variegated lutes. Pilots re- port encoUntering them in white, brown and red. and sometimes striped almost like zebrae, The Germans have evidently brought more of their best pilots opposite the British, to 'meet the determined aerial offensive which has been in progrese since* early in,April. Most ot the machines met nowadays are handled in a manner far above the German average, It is 'seldom, however, that the Germans ever attack the British, unless they outnumber them at least three to one. A lone German pilot, however, toolt a fatal chance yesterday against a British scout formation whieli was ea- corting reconnaissance machines. By clever manoeuvring, at which the hos- tile airman also was an adept, the British managed to entice him to at- tack one of their machines from be- hind. 'As he did so a second Brinell machine dived at the German's tail, and down he Went, one of his wings brealchig off in the deadly descent. ONE BEATS THREE TEUTONS. One of the most thrilling of recent adventures was that of a young naval airman, who is now attached to the army service. With several other ma. chines, he wee escorting some bomb- ing planes over the. German line% when seemingly a flock of Germans dashed at them from the clouds. For five minutes there ewas very hot fighting. In. the general melee the naval man selected one particular opponent, and after a brilliant duel, he drove him down in flamee. - During this fight the Britisher had -- become entirely detached .froin the re- mainder of the formation. Three of the hostile machines made for him. He bravely attacked and drove the German leader tumbling out of control, but the other two Germans kept up the battle. In a few minutes, however, one of these suddenly flew away, and' the combat became a duel, with the • machines wing to wing, Filially the naval tiler manoeuvred into Position which gave him the vital opportunity. There was another burst of fire and down crashed the last German ma- chine. During certain periods of the.fight- Mg the machiees teare lest; •than fifty feet from the ground. The Britisher managed to struggle back to Ins lines. Exhausted from the fury of the figha ing, he let his machine fall in land. Ing. He was unhurt. however. The wings of his plane had been peppered with bullets. The ah•man had not real- izde the fact, but during the fighting he had been fired on• not alone by his aeratl opponents, but by German infan. try and cavalry as well. DARING AIR PHOTOGRAPHERS. While fighting scouts ordinarily have the most interesting experiences to relate, „ the poor old,. hard-working photographic machines also have theid desperate moments. One of these re- cently was attacked by eleven hostile fighting scouts. Nearly all Its con- erols were shot away, and the observer, seriously wounded, fell half out of his machine. Although still manoeuvring his machine in an attempt to escape the direct fire of the . surrounding. Germans, the British pilot grasped the wounded obseryer to- prevent him from falling out, and brought the Plane safely clown inside hls . own. tines, just as it. burst into flames. Then, under heavy shell fire, the pilot carried the observer to safetY. Another photographer aviator brought his machine down under -a heavy attack, and, .as usual, the Ger- MEM artillery began to shell it. Despite this, he managed to remove all his ex- posure plates and scamper. asyay just before a heavy shell tore the plane to bits. The resoued plates proved most valuable. TEUTONS NrCELY TRAPPED. While this little antion was going oe five other Gentians had formed between the British plane and his home line. Firing as- he came the Britieher tried to break through the formation, but failed. Then he turned away as if about to attempt an eseape toward the south. All the Germans started in pursit. One of them soon Out -distanced the others and was approaehing the Britisher when the latter whirled about anti fired into the German at point blank range and saw him burst int() flame. Neat nee was the long-tailed, altort-nosed stranger. "I drove hint dewn, too," said the pilot's report, "but after falling a great distaace he flattened out mid was apparently all righ t." A young khaki -dad pilot yeas (lar- ded far front his own aerodrome, but managed to erosa the Malta line safely just before nightfall. His ma. chine was absoltitely riddled with bullets, but he was unhurt. Asked to tell about his adVentures the itirnittn merely etrugged his shoulders and (Aid, "Oh, I jest had a bit Of luck, that's all," Thie young flier, aecording to hitt nompanious, holds tho absolute aim lief that he Will never be killed while flairig, and With that Wangle tatillete SAVE *GUNS FROM PLANES. . Further details have been learned of: the experience of two British airmen who were forced to bring their mach- ine dowit just in front of the German lines south of Lens. In salving tha guns from the wreeked planes, they set up a little fortress in No Man's Land and fought successfully for, their lives, When they landed they did not know precisely what 'theta position was, for in these daYs of semi -open warfare the lines are apt to -change overnight. They had feelings that their Surroundings tvere decidedly hostile, and that "digging in" might prove' the better part of valor. Wrenching a light automatic gun from the machiae, they sought the quickest shelter Oear by—a ait of sunken reati. Aaraly heti thole 'reach- ed it when a Deface of eigat yeey aos. tile Germans appearea. The airmen opened • fire. aud the gray-olad war- riors ducked to cover. The pilot and observer remained thus outreached until late in the afternoon, with shells whistling over•them from both direc- tion& Toward dusk they sallied oat, and fortunately fell irito the hands of e, Canadian adVanced patrol, and were able to give valuable information re- garding the enemy position. The sky has been obscared to -day, from early datten, but the British air- men, reventtig In the fighting spirit of their great offensive, have been seen far over the German lines,. "trying to stir up more trouble," as One oa there put it. ^-"" DISABLED WIEN. Itospitals Commission is Discussing Training. Ottawa, April 80.—The eyelezu •of training disabled soldiers for success in civilian life is being discuseed a conference here to -day of district vocational °Mears of Atte Military Hospitals Conimiseion, gvell seldier so disabled by his service that heacan- not return to his former Work le entitled to clairn re-educatiOn for neer OccupatiOn. SO far.407 Men have come before the disabled itoldler train. fug boards, and 298 hare had their applications granted, 83 are attaining fleet tlectisiOrt, arid 26 hatal been found Itielialble. HOLD .11.UNS OFF .1•01.1,/..1•11,1•1100..1,0.10.4 Ali Efforts to Regain Ground Lost Fail. Lull Before Next Great Clash is On. London cable: . The ar- tillery, which, in the second weeit of the Battle of Arran used up more shells than ever had been used. in elle action in the history of modern war- fare, continues Its deadly and de- struetive work, while the Gentian ar- tillery answer; here and there. Ap- patently this. Is tite len before the next great Mash, All effort of Crown Prince Rupprechas troops to recap. ture positions taken rpm them• bY the British, have met with bloody tenure. South and southwest of St. Quentin, that strong end important link in the German defence system, British troops have hurled back Ger- tnan tounter-attacks with heavy losses. In local operations along the • Arras - Gamboa. road and northward the Brit- ish have gained some ground. Over the battle -line and aehind the German positious the wasps of the air, the aeroplanes, Lave been busy aiding the artillery in finding Its tar- gets. British birdmen have battled desperateiy with German aeroplanes to secure infoemation which only they can obtain. In numerous fights over, behind and in front ot the en- trenchments the British aviators have brought down ten German airmen and sent down twelve others damaged or out or control. The night repert said: "There is nothing of special interest to report from the battlefront., "Yesterday the activity in the air was again marked'. In the air fighting seven German aeroplanes were brought dean and six others were dri- ven down out of control. _One. hostile balloon was alp destroyed. Six of our aeroplanes are missing." FOES' REPORT ON SUB. WORK Losses Admitted, but Re sults Good, Claim. New Siamese 1Twin Mine is Very Deadly. -Berlin cable says: A confidential statement in regard to the progress of submarine warfare has been made by Vice -Admiral von CepPelle, Minis- ter of Navy. to the Reichstag Main' Committee in the forna of discussion of the naval budget. An official statement regarding the Minister's communication was given out -here to -clay, slaowrag tbat he told -the committee the success of the sub- marines continued to be great and their losses small. Reports already at hand showed that a favorable re- sult could be expected for the month of April. The reduction of tonnage at the disposal of hostile nations, he said, was taking place with mathematical certainty. thereby increasing the lack of foodstuffs. ' NEW SIAMESE TWIN MINES. London cable says: The Exchange Telegraph correspondent at Copen- hagen quotes from the Norwegian papers the statement that since Feb. 1st, 25 Norwegian ships with food, coal and forage for Norway, have been eunk by German submarieee. A large tufmber of these cargoes aelonged to the-Norwegiaa Government. The Norwegian bargee Thekla, which has gefely rectched a Norwegian pert, owes her escape from. staking in tke war zone to the fact that the awareing• shod' from a German sub- • marine, which approached her, gnashed both of the barque's life- boat& This led to the submarine coin. Mender, who was unable to take the crew on board, to epare the vessel. . Vessels now arriving here report that the Germans are employing along • • a the British coast a new system of Sia- mese twin Mines, resulting in a double explosion which is said to insure the instant. destruction of any ship, no Matter what her size. • • • if HUN SOLDIERS DISCOURAGED .. • • • FRENCH GAINS 'NORTHWEST OF RHEIMS CITY German Losses Enormousty Outnumber Those of France Recently. PETAIN'S NEW POST Defender of Verdun is to Be ,Appointed Chief of Staff at Paris. 1.••••••••••••M• Paris, April 29.—French troops Sat- urday night attacitea German posi- tions near Courcy, northwest Of Itgraseuinmds. dalti oeoyk goavf ne re (1207 nverigeornaebrIse. Gez•rrian attacks in the Caampagne failed, In Upper Alsace the Frei:telt advanced as far as the second Ger. men line at several points, infitcting losses on their adversaries and bring - Mg back prisoners, On the Verdun Mint ale) rite Frenele raided German trenches and brought back prisonere. Correspondents at the front tele- graphing Sunday night report that from the bend in the hue north-east of Soissons well into the Champagne. the air resounds with the roar of the big guns of the Freneli and Geianans. The French staff has completed an itiventory of the spoils along the Aisne. Since APril 16 French troops have captuted 175 cannon of all cali- bres 412 machine guns, and 119 trench cannon. The total number of prisoners has reached 20,780, The number of prisoners taken by the French during their drive on the fruatppfTomxiinSatsseetheetetoAt4athleorifveFreelentel; casualties during the entire operatiou itlnoutrit.lailestsser. ain counter-attacks afterwards the german losses suffered tite Frencit bombardment and are au absolute loss, without cona pensation. for thn German fighting strength. They wire plotted troops of both armies ho met in tbe shock, with the Germans outnumbering the French in men, but the French hold- nugn ntehrey. superiority in guns and in The rt tuber beavy and field guns, machine glans and tronch mor- tars reported captured does not in- clude weapons destroyed by French gunfire or put out of commission by the enemy before abandoning them. TAKING FEW PRISONERS, Before the German retreat every French soidier was determined to drive the invader from the sacred soil of France. Now the men whi have seen their devascated villages and fields are like that regiment des- cribed by Kipling who had seen its dead after they had been cut up bY the Afghan& For them it is no long- er enough that the enemy should be driven out of Fran.ce. In the debris of the ruined homed the Germans have left inexhaustfble raneaetde.rial to build uP everY shelter. that mending of the roads the French novr (lie leaflet' troops need. For the find to their hand all the rubble they THE OPPIC/AL REPORT. The War Office communication Sti'llatileingetighhet Criteelein:—des Dames the German artillery, euergetically men - ter -shelled by us, bombarded our posi- tions at Hurtebise. Grenade fighting likewise was lively in that region in the first lines, "North-west of Rheims and in Champagne we effectively shelled the German organizations. In the region Courcy last night we took more than two hu,ndred prisoners. Calm pre- vailed on the rest of the front." Sunday afternmen's statement read: "Between the Somme and the Oise In- termittent artillery engagements oc- curred. German attacks in the region of Laffaux and north of Cerny-en- Laonnois were broken up by our fire. counters and grenade fighting ee- ettinrretdh.e sector of CraOnne patrol en - "Northwest of Rheims operations carried out by us in the region north and south of Courey enabled us to enlarge our positions appreciably, We took 150 prisoners in the course of these actions. "There was heavy artillery fighting in the Champagne, between PrunitY and Auberive. Two German attacks on small French posts near Tahure and in the vicinity of Naverin Fam were without result. "In UnPer Alsace our detachments penetrated at several points as far as the second line. Spirited grenade en- counters terminated in our advantage and cost the Germans losses. We brought back prieoners." Saturday night's report chronicled peogressan the neighborhood' of Ostel on the Chemin-dee:Dames, whero prisoners. were ' taken. any° German aeroplanee were brought down in an aerial engagement and six others dam- aged and coiamelled to land. Saturday afternoon's report terld of the repulse of a German attack tn Champagne, and of skirmishes In ad- vanced positions eolith of St. Quentin. and added: "Ateording to the Wed Information, sinee .April 16 French troops ita.ve eaptured 175 cannon of all calibres, 412 machine guns, and etnreelarnEacIThAepia;oinuN: The total number of prisoners has reached 20.78b." EIwYho°"coiClatanden the French array defenaing Verdun durifig the critical stages 01 tbe bat- tle in Februaty and Mareh, 1916,1s to be appointed ,ehientaf Staff ot the Min- istry of War. The Cabinet decided upon this this afterrieoh. Gen. Patella known as the "Defender of sVerdun," was taken, from the reeerve army and made comniabdenan-chief at Ver- dun shortly after the Germans began their great alterative there, and When. 'General Joffre had V'eached the cone election that the niffensive was not be- ing met' as it should be; Under notain's leadership the Freneh stiff- ened their defence, and finally not dionn Vag Verdun savea, het later the Frertelt were able to drive back the tietatans front various pointa along both sidan of thentiettee, where they titsditiotpse.iiettatn deeply Into their Last DeeeMber, At, Was stated that General Petaill hicahneeri mentioned as the &Itemiser of Goerat joffre its commander -In -chief -Ilia French Nivelle was made,. _ SeettetrIal o forces. When, . was said that Penile • Ma 1th post 'owing to his failure tal War _palliator .Admits Let- . ters.Show --Cannot Ex.pweagyt$'71Qtory .A1- . Cleaerel von *Stein Getman Mieister . ot War, admitted .dueing discussioa Of mili- tary affairs ; by the Reichetag cenie mit* yesteraay. that field post letters Nat aeldtees et the. trent thowea certeht element ot .discouragement. This, however, was only a passing sen- tte:Dtitrir otextphlsaitnreodo,4mwdoi npgoete a Ina like the preseet oae could not expect en, unbroken streant at vice tortes, he said. • (lettere). vita Stein's. report is con. siclered tq Were • leflueeced the cone .shel. vgn litaidenb.urg, laraetinas and naittee in seeding,..throagh Field Mar - assurances of • solid support to the army, which the Radical Socialist members of the eomnitstee promised 18'1hgell.committee tejeeted a Radical to Socialist proposal -to establish a coan mittee parliamentary control to supervise the contlact of the war. During the disdnision, Herr &necks leln, a Socialist. naentber. eomplaizted 'that men were sent •to the front as a punishment; and that this. method was used regulerly•ae tlireat. .IIR pro.' clued •the teat basiteeampallyeorder substantiation Of hishaeleertion. • Berlin nett/MI(101.s plzbilalt atn- peal nuade by General•Gaertnaela (Wee -- tor 4 Muttitions sappliesnevhien haa,• blenteractearded iteatanptintic pieces. Ile gavels ' na: "Our army treats arms ahd yott not teed Hinden- burg's letteasa How tiara eou defy 'him? He will be 4-troan netted who - does not Work as long as the army stands -oppellite the enema'. The wOrst enemies are entong ne. The)! are einalleetteded people, and these who inetigate a Strike Must be branderl before the nation as traitors to the fatherland and to the army. Titian the military authorities tee to the pow* lieten to thelfwords are ettandds, ers he should lutve.