The Citizen, 1991-10-02, Page 18PAGE 18. THE CITIZEN, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER 2,J991
Speaking
of Farming
By Jim Fitzgerald
Free Trade a disaster
for farm sector
Now that the Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with the United States is
nearly two years old, consumers, employees and farmers are asking
themselves if it was worth it. Have we gained anything or lost anything,
and if so, what?
Well, according to two reports published this summer, Canadians,—
particularly farmers and food processing companies — got the short end of
the stick. In fact, one report says Canada should immediately cease the
lowering of tariffs and abolition of trade barriers with the United States if
the American government continues to make a mockery of the FTA. The
report, called "Resolving Trade Disputes with the United States: Level
Playing Field or a Vehicle for U.S. vested Interests," by researchers at the
University of Guelph's George Morris Centre, says that political and
protectionist actions by the U.S. are preventing progress in obtaining fair
trading rules between the two countries, known in agriculture lingo as a
"level playing field." About 30 per cent of all countervailing duties and
anti dumping cases brought against Canada by the U.S. in the last decade
were against our agricultural products.
The three researchers, all highly respected professors at U of Guelph,
charge that the FTA, which was signed by the two countries to help
alleviate a long history of trade disputes between the two countries, has
turned out to be a sham. Instead of treating both countries as equals, it's
"subjecting the Canadian agrifood system to the self-serving whims of
U.S. legislators and their clearly rigged processes" and without some
degree of protection for agrifood — our second largest manufacturing
industry — we are in effect handing it to the Americans on a platter.
The researchers show that in four separate disputes that the Americans
have run roughshod over the process and the decisions. Although we have
won one of those battles since the U of G report was published — the U.S.
countervail against our processed pork after an expensive five year battle
— it clearly showed that the Americans would nearly go to the end of the
earth to stop Canadian pork from entering. Our total Canadian pork
production only amounts to two per cent of their production.
Another case involves meat inspection. According to the FTA, there
were to be no border inspections of meal traded between Canada and the
U.S. But, because of pressure from U.S. custom brokers, border
inspections were instituted at a frequency of one in 20 shipments, with
each costing the Canadian exporter $200. The frequency has now risen to
once every seventh shipment and the costs have quadrupled to $800. As
well, in other cases on Atlantic ground fish, and Canadian softwoods, the
Americans have passed retroactive legislation to legitimize countervailing
actions that had been declared illegal under existing laws.
The report concludes with five recommendations to deal with the
problem, including immediate undertaking serious negotiations to develop
a fair dispute mechanism. The U.S. should honour its commitments to
harmonizing meat inspection, and should significant progress not be made
by January 1, 1992 and the U.S. tactics persist, then Canada should refuse
to lower any more tariffs and trade barriers as agreed on that date, and
immediately enter into negotiations with other countries or regions to
obtain free trade status.
The other report, released by the Federal Liberal task force last summer,
says that the food processing industry is hurting as well, with almost
12,000 jobs lost just in the Ontario food industry to the U.S. in 1989 and
1990. Not only were processing companies moving out in droves, but
witnesses told the task force that Canadian grocers import more and more
U.S. products, and of how difficult it is for Canadians to get shelf space
from large food retailers. That report, which says the disaster has been
worsened by the recession, high taxes, high interest rates, and a high dollar
value, also calls for the FTA to be renegotiated and that Canadians work
with industry to find new markets outside the United States.
Be careful of silo gas,
the autumn killer
The Farm Safety Association rec
ommends that farmers take extreme
care this fall when filling silos.
Variable growing conditions in
some areas of Ontario may have
created a situation where silo gas
may be more of a problem this year
than others. Climatic conditions
play a large role in the formation of
deadly silo gas, and weather condi
tions this summer have caused
some farm safety experts to issue
warnings concerning the gas.
Silo gas or nitrogen dioxide is
produced as a by-product of the fer
mentation process that takes place
once plant material is pul into a
silo. A variety of climatic stresses
on the plant material during the
growing season can dramatically
increase the possibility of toxic
gases forming. To avoid silo gas,
farmers are advised not to harvest
crops immediately after a rainfall.
Conversely, crops damaged by hail
or frost should be harvested as
quickly as possible to avoid build
up of excess nitrate in the plant
material. If weather or other factors
have increased the possibility of
nitrate build-up, plant material
should be cut higher than normal,
as excess nitrates are stored in the
lower portion of com stalks.
Silo gas may be visible within a
few hours after silo filling and may
be recognized by a bleach-like
odour and may be visible as a yel
lowish-brown haze. Dead flies or
birds at the base of the silo may
also be an indicator of the gas.
Once a silo is filled, it should be
sealed and declared off-limits for at
least a three week period. During
this period of time the silo should
not be entered unless all rules for
confined space entry are closely
followed and a self-contained
breathing apparatus is used.
Farm Safety MVCA lends a hand
nominations
sought
The Farm Safety Association of
Ontario is interested in knowing of
individuals or organizations that
have made significant contributions
to the promotion and education of
agricultural health and safety in
Ontario.
Any individual, or organization
who has rendered distinguished ser
vice in the field of Occupational
Safety and Health in agriculture
and is considered by the Board of
Directors of the Farm Safety Asso-,
ciation as being worthy of special’
recognition may be selected as a
recipient of this award.
Nominations for this award are
welcomed from any source. Any
one knowing of an individual or
organization worthy of this consid
eration is asked to contact the Farm
Safety Association in Guelph for
complete details and nomination
forms. Nominations must be
received no later than December 1.
For further information contact:
Farm Safety Association Inc.
Suite 21-23
340 Woodlawn Road West
Guelph, Ontario
N1H7K6
Continued from page 17
"Farmers were very co-opera
tive," said Chris Hoskins, MVCA
Soil and Water Technician, "We
appreciate them taking time out of
their schedules to talk to us."
The survey analysis will be com
pleted this fall. Copies of the
results will be available later in
1991.
The Maitland Valley Conserva
tion Authority, in co-operation with
OMAF and the Ausable Bayfield
Conservation Authority, continues
to provide a variety of soil and
water conservation services. Farm
ers can take advantage of planting
equipment available free of charge
to establish cropping and tillage tri
als.
TUESDAYS
THURSDAYS
FRIDAYS
11 a.m. Slaughter Cattle
& Cows
11 a.m. Veal, Goats,
Sheep &
Lambs
10:30 a.m. Pigs
1 p.m. Stockers
Remember the Farmer’s
Market Saturday 8-1
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