The Rural Voice, 1993-08, Page 14A NEW CONCEPT
FOR
HANDLING
BALES
• two 5 1/2" augers
provide positive
gentle lift
• eliminates
troublesome chains
• space saving
vertical positioning
• reverse for loading
out of mow
A.
• low maintenance —
durable Delron
bearings
• all drive and controls
conveniently at
ground level
also
Mow systems — installation available
WEBER LANE MFG. (1990) CO.
R.R. 4, Listowel, Ontario N4W 3G9
519-595-2007
AUG -A -BALE
M1tZ
Proven
Performer
1
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Now Available • 4.9% Financing -C.
on gutter cleaner and
replacement chain contracts. V
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Patz hook -and -eye links have proven their value
for 45 years. Patz links forged out of special -
formula steel provide strength and durability.
No other chain fits the Patz drive sprocket like
genuine Patz chain.
Choose the Model 400 (due) link with more than
2 pounds of steel, or choose the heavier Model
XH-400 (red) link for extremely long pulls.
Progression forging builds extra strength into
hook -and -eye link contact points. Final heat
treating increases hardness, strength and wear
resistance. Patz links withstand corrosion for
long chain life.
Ask about our written 10 -year warranty on links
and Elites.
Other brands can be adapted for Patz chain.
5) PROGRESSIVE
FARMING
R. R. 2, Wellesley 519-656-2709
Rannoch 519-229-6700
ti4
f.*
10 THE RURAL VOICE
Diagnostics
Vitamin E - Selenium
by Dr. Gaylan Josephson
Veterinary Laboratory Services
Huron Park
With the recent change in regula-
tions that allows for increased levels
of Selenium to be added to livestock
feeds, it is an appropriate time to look
at Vitamin E/Selenium and the role
that they play in animal health and
disease.
Interest in the nutrition-
al aspect of selenium,
along with its relationship
to Vitamin E, developed in
the 1950s. Prior to that,
selenium was considered
to be toxic and possibly
even cancer causing. In
the early 1970s, the Great
Lakes basin, the prime
corn growing areas of
Ontario and Quebec, was identified
as being selenium deficient, with se-
lenium levels in feeds being extreme-
ly low. As a result, Agriculture
Canada allowed the addition of
selenium at a level of 0.1 mg/kg in
finished swine feeds. Even with this
degree of supplementation, losses
continued to occur and the allowable
amount of selenium added to feed has
had to be increased.
The new regulations allow seleni- -
um to be supplemented in livestock
feeds, excluding that of lactating
and dry dairy cattle, to a level not to
exceed 0.3 mg/kg of complete feed.
In limit -fed diets, the level is not to
exceed 3 mg/head for beef cattle and
0.7 mg/head for sheep. The levels of
supplementation for dry and lactating
dairy cows were established with
input from the industry, and take into
account such factors as body weight,
milk production, daily food intake as
a percentage of body weight and
daily dry matter intake. Maximum
daily intakes therefore range from
4.10 mg in a 400 kg cow to 6.38
mg/day in a 700 kg animal. Supple-
mental selenium in excess of these
levels can still be given but only with
a veterinary prescription.
Vitamin E and selenium are mi-
cronutrients essential for good health
and efficient animal performance.
Although each has a separate meta-
bolic function in the body, they are
complementary to each other and act
synergistically to prevent certain con-
ditions. With diets low in Vitamin E,
the requirements for selenium are
increased, and vice versa, but there is
a limit to which Vitamin E can
substitute for selenium. Both must be
considered when formulating rations;
therefore Vitamin E must
be added to feed when
selenium is supplemented.
Vitamin E content of
animal feeds is generally
low because many of the
feedstuffs used in the
rations are poor sources of
the vitamin.
Since they are involved
in production and mainte-
nance of cell walls and
membranes, one would expect that a
deficiency would result in damage to
individual cells. This is in fact the
case, and muscle cells, specially
skeletal muscle and, to a lesser extent,
heart muscle, are the cells that are
most often damaged. This muscle
degeneration has been reported in
most species and is a problem in
young, fast-growing horses, cattle,
swine, lambs and poultry. In calves
and lambs this condition is known as
"White Muscle Disease" because of
the mineral (calcium) that collects
within damaged cells and gives
affected muscle a white appearance.
In pigs, the damage is most noticeable
in the heart and because of the haem-
orrhages within this organ, is known
as "Mulberry Heart Disease". Defi-
ciencies are also involved in other
conditions as well. In adult cattle, a
high incidence of retained placentas
(afterbirth) as well as generalized
unthriftiness have been reported. In
pigs, a liver condition called Hepato-
sis dietetica has been identified, and a
deficiency has also been linked to an
increased incidence of stomach
ulcers. Lower birth weights and a
reduced ability to defend against
infectious diseases such as mastitis
and pneumonia are also thought to be
the result of deficiencies.
Diagnosis is based on post mortem
examination of animals that have
Prior to
sele
1950s
niton
const
dered
toxic