The Rural Voice, 2000-11, Page 28Gardening
Creating gardeners' `black gold'
By Rhea Hamilton Seeger
I was cleaning up around the
garden and wanted a little soil to fill a
depressed area in the back of the
border. I headed to the black
composter in the corner of the
vegetable garden. This summer the
door at the bottom of the composter
was more often open than closed. I
have been sneaking out shovelfuls of
gardener's black gold all summer to
put around new plants.
Normally I don't have too much
time in the fall to clean out the
composter but this fall I tackled the
job and it went rather well. I spread
finished compost on the flower
garden and turned the unfinished
compost into the vegetable garden. By
planting time next spring there will be
very little of it left. More organized
gardeners take some of the finished
compost and store it in a dry place for
use during early spring planting.
Once cleaned out you can start
your composter again. Place a layer
of brush or broken plant stalks in the
bottom. Add a layer of leaves
(browns), about six inches and then
an equal amount of food waste
(greens) and top it all off with an inch
of soil or finished compost. There is
the start and you just repeat that
sequence. Always bury greens or food
waste with a layer of soil, compost or
leaves.
The cooler winter temperatures
will slow the process but with a .
balance of brown to green, or carbon
to nitrogen, the process will continue.
A constant source of brown or carbon
can be an issue during the winter.
Plan ahead and collect up some of
those wonderful fall leaves. Save
them in a bin near your composter. If
you use a bag to store your leaves,
remember the bag can be eaten
through allowing rodents to enjoy
nesting there.
If you can keep layering the
materials in your bin you will be able
to create and keep your pile "hot", a
sure sign of decomposition. I must
admit there have been winters when
the snow was too deep to get to the
composter or it was full and I had no
where to put my household compost.
So I tried double bagging the food
waste with a splash of coffee grounds
or paint free sawdust on top and
leaving the bags outside the back door
or next to the composter. The bags
froze solid and patiently waited until
spring. But come spring you don't
dawdle when it comes time to clean
everything up. The contents of the
bags start to decompose a lot earlier
than you would expect thanks to the
longer days and stronger sun's rays. I
learned the hard way to dump the
temporary bags of material in the
early spring. By then the composter
had settled and I could pop some
more material into it.
More knowledgeable people will
tell you a compost pile needs to be
aerated to improve the bacterial action
and keep odours down. In winter
turning the pile would release too
much heat at a time you want to
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24 THE RURAL VOICE
preserve it, however by keeping your
layers fairly equal you can avoid that
job. If your pile is too wet once the
warmer weather arrives, you should
turn the pile once or twice and blend
in leaves or a small amount of soil or
finished compost saved from last fall.
Of course by spring you may want
to keep your nose peeled for
unpleasant odours that signal
something is wrong with your
composter. There are a few rules. Try
not to put anything larger than one
inch in the composter as it takes
considerably longer to break down.
Don't let your layers get any
deeper than four to six inches. If you
have too big a portion of household
waste it takes the microbes longer to
break it down and it also creates less
than ideal conditions and the compost
pile can become stinky. That layer of
leaves, soil or finished compost helps
prevent odours and adds more
microbes to the pile.
Moisture is an important factor as
well. Too much water creates a rotten
egg smell. You want to keep the pile
as damp as a well -wrung sponge.
And I know I shouldn't need to tell
you never add meat, bones, dairy
products, fats or oils to your compost
pile. They are smelly and attract a
host of pests that you don't want to
even know about.
An ammonia smell means that you
have too much nitrogen -rich material
such as kitchen waste or grass
clippings. Add some carbon or brown
elements: leaves, soil, dried plants or
straw. The carbon material traps the
ammonia and turns it back into
nitrogen.
Now that you are all hyped up and
organized with your winter
composting you can sit back and
enjoy picking out the new additions
for your garden confident that you
will have a wonderful supply of
gardener's black gold in the spring.0
Rhea Hamilton -Seeger and her
husband raise two children at their
home near Auburn. She is a skilled
cook and gardener.