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8 THE RURAL VOICE
Scrap Book
What's the value of clean water?
Recent events have brought the
importance of pure water for humans
to the forefront but what's its value for
livestock?
A group of federal and provincial
researchers are in the second year of a
three-year study at the Western Beef
Development Centre's Termuende
Research Farm near Lanigan.
Saskatchewan to scientifically assess
cattle performance and the financial
implications of providing various
qualities of water to cattle.
Early results show a system that
pumps aerated water to troughs
remote from natural water holes
would pay for itself in one grazing
season by increasing weight gain. The
jury is still out, however, on the
economic benefits of treated and
chlorinated water.
Researchers have been working
with four groups of steers and four
groups of cow -calf pairs. Each group
gets only one of four types of water:
direct access to a dugout, unaerated
dugout water pumped to a trough;
aerated water in a trough, or
coagulated and chlorinated water in a
trough.
All the water comes from the same
dugout, said Larry Braul, a water
quality engineer with the Prairie Farm
Rehabilitation Administration.
Where cattle go directly into the
water source they are relieving
themselves right in the water so
there's going to be high bacteria
counts and E. coli in the water, he
said. As well, the bottom of the
dugout becomes anaerobic, meaning
the oxygen has been depleted. This
causes nutrients in the sediment,
particularly phosphorus, to leach into
the water and feed the algae, helping
to cause prolific blooms of green
slime.
"You can also get iron and
manganese coming out," Braul said.
Bart Lardner, a researcher with the
Western Beef Development Centre
says direct access is particularly bad
for calves that can't wade deep
enough to avoid the dirty, muddy
water close to shore.
In the section of the dugout where
the water is pumped to the trough, the
water is cleaner and has fewer bacteria
(the sections are divided by plastic
sheet dams). In the section where
aeration is added. the quality and
odour of the water is better.
Water from this section is also used
in the treated water experiment. Water
is treated to settle out all organic
matter and some minerals. Chlorine is
added before it is pumped to troughs.
These steps provide crystal clear
water.
In the first year of the study, with
only steers involved, cattle given
water pumped directly to troughs
gained 0.14 pounds per day better than
steers watering in the pond. Those on
aerated water gained 0.38 pounds per
day more than those watering in the
pond. Those on the purest water
gained only slightly better than those
on aerated water. Braul feels the
reason may have been because too
much chlorine was used in purifying
the water. This year they're reducing
the amount of chlorine used.
Researchers are wondering if taste
and odour are the real issue they're
dealing with based on year one results.
"You wouldn't expect as much
improved weight gain between aerated
and direct (access) from these kind of
results," Braul said.
As for cost, researchers estimated
the $1500 cost of a solar panel, intake
pump and hose and trough could be
recovered from 100 head of cattle in
just 110 days. Aeration with a
compressor, hose and air stone would
add $3,800 but the added gain would
recover the cost in just 100 days.
Further purification would cost $6,00()
for a Lined coagulation dugout and
ongoing costs of $300 a year for
chemicals. To be justified based on
cattle production alone, weight gain
would need to improve about 0.48
pounds per day. In the first year, •
however, there was little additional
gain. Costs could be spread to family
use and improved water for mixing
pesticides, researchers said.
Previous studies have shown when
cattle drink more, they also eat more.°
— Source: Western Producer
7.--- 7. Owen Sound
'" Fall Fair
-'47, : September
_�� 7 to 9
Victoria Park
Giant Midway
Helicopter Rides
Quilt Show
Highlights of the Fair
Thursday - evening
Owen Sound 4-H Calf Club
Show
Western Horse Show
Friday
Owen Sound 4-H Regional
Show
Limousin & Blonde d'Aquitane
Shows
Military Demonstration
Truck & Tractor Pull .
Saturday
Hereford & Angus Shows
Heavy Horse Pull
ATV Rodeo
Simmental & Charolais Shows
Demolition Derby
Free Entertainment
Free Children's Activities
Entries Wanted
For Truck & Tractor Pull
Demo Derby
ATV Rodeo
For information & entry
forms, call 519-371-1720
See Sun Times for
complete schedule
8 THE RURAL VOICE
Scrap Book
What's the value of clean water?
Recent events have brought the
importance of pure water for humans
to the forefront but what's its value for
livestock?
A group of federal and provincial
researchers are in the second year of a
three-year study at the Western Beef
Development Centre's Termuende
Research Farm near Lanigan.
Saskatchewan to scientifically assess
cattle performance and the financial
implications of providing various
qualities of water to cattle.
Early results show a system that
pumps aerated water to troughs
remote from natural water holes
would pay for itself in one grazing
season by increasing weight gain. The
jury is still out, however, on the
economic benefits of treated and
chlorinated water.
Researchers have been working
with four groups of steers and four
groups of cow -calf pairs. Each group
gets only one of four types of water:
direct access to a dugout, unaerated
dugout water pumped to a trough;
aerated water in a trough, or
coagulated and chlorinated water in a
trough.
All the water comes from the same
dugout, said Larry Braul, a water
quality engineer with the Prairie Farm
Rehabilitation Administration.
Where cattle go directly into the
water source they are relieving
themselves right in the water so
there's going to be high bacteria
counts and E. coli in the water, he
said. As well, the bottom of the
dugout becomes anaerobic, meaning
the oxygen has been depleted. This
causes nutrients in the sediment,
particularly phosphorus, to leach into
the water and feed the algae, helping
to cause prolific blooms of green
slime.
"You can also get iron and
manganese coming out," Braul said.
Bart Lardner, a researcher with the
Western Beef Development Centre
says direct access is particularly bad
for calves that can't wade deep
enough to avoid the dirty, muddy
water close to shore.
In the section of the dugout where
the water is pumped to the trough, the
water is cleaner and has fewer bacteria
(the sections are divided by plastic
sheet dams). In the section where
aeration is added. the quality and
odour of the water is better.
Water from this section is also used
in the treated water experiment. Water
is treated to settle out all organic
matter and some minerals. Chlorine is
added before it is pumped to troughs.
These steps provide crystal clear
water.
In the first year of the study, with
only steers involved, cattle given
water pumped directly to troughs
gained 0.14 pounds per day better than
steers watering in the pond. Those on
aerated water gained 0.38 pounds per
day more than those watering in the
pond. Those on the purest water
gained only slightly better than those
on aerated water. Braul feels the
reason may have been because too
much chlorine was used in purifying
the water. This year they're reducing
the amount of chlorine used.
Researchers are wondering if taste
and odour are the real issue they're
dealing with based on year one results.
"You wouldn't expect as much
improved weight gain between aerated
and direct (access) from these kind of
results," Braul said.
As for cost, researchers estimated
the $1500 cost of a solar panel, intake
pump and hose and trough could be
recovered from 100 head of cattle in
just 110 days. Aeration with a
compressor, hose and air stone would
add $3,800 but the added gain would
recover the cost in just 100 days.
Further purification would cost $6,00()
for a Lined coagulation dugout and
ongoing costs of $300 a year for
chemicals. To be justified based on
cattle production alone, weight gain
would need to improve about 0.48
pounds per day. In the first year, •
however, there was little additional
gain. Costs could be spread to family
use and improved water for mixing
pesticides, researchers said.
Previous studies have shown when
cattle drink more, they also eat more.°
— Source: Western Producer