The Signal, 1912-9-26, Page 7sUpra.lib ewe, ■
TICE
MINA
tiU Olt -
111111911111181110 III URI
Report of Ontario Hydro-Llectric Commission on Sup1yfor' Huron County
The following report has been trade
is to the resobialoa of the
Municipality Of Goderieb, to the Conn-
ry of Huron, asking for g, dsteilsd re -
i as to the pooslbiUths of power
Mvelopmeat on the Maitland River,
sad also estimates oovurlitr� m the
of power delivered fro1 e N
System.
Market Possibilities of the Geluty
of Hares.
In October, 1911, the engineer eau -
rimed the power market of the Coun-
ty of Huron, mod an estimate was
prepared. covering all the power et
present in use In the various Muni-
cipalities, and deo an estimate of
lbs probable demand for electric pow-
«. The investigation
covered the
towns and villages of crud t7 u
tided below : -
flatimated Prob. present
Municipality. tor
in power �. Rd eepow.
Auburn...... 01972 H. P. 150• H. P.
BsyQd
Heigrave.. 60 >l0
Bsnmiller 100 26
Butte
IS
Blyth 285 100
Bluevale 36 10
Brucefleld 80 50
Brussels . 880 100
Centralia 50 10
Clinton 860 300
Crediton .150 60
Dashwood. 200 76
Dungannon.... . 60 26
Ethel 100 60
Exeter 546 900
Fordwicb 40 15
Ooderlch 1 000 600
Corrie 66 16
Henssll . 906 160
Hills Oreeo..•95 20
[ippon 26 10
Kirktoo 15 10
lokelet 40 25
Loodeeboro'100 16
McKim .. 16 10
Ilewbridg.... 10 10
Port Albert.... 90 26
Seaforth 409 400
Sblpks 60 10
8t. Helen40 26
St. Joseph 26 10
Varna 20 10
Walton... 05 26
Westfield" 40 26
Wingham 500 250
Winthrop 20 10
Woodham 50 10
Wroxeter170 76
Zurich 146 100
Total 6752 H. P. 3010 H. P.
The Maitland River u a' Soiree 11
Power.
The natural source of power for the
(booty off Huron,. Is the l[dtland
River. which class on the bright of
land between Lake Erie and Georgian
Bev, and flows into Lake Huron
through the Town of Goderich. The
watershed of this river is about 960
quare miles in extent, and is largely
drained and deforested. As a revolt,
the natural flow ebarauteristios have
Imo destroyed, and the watershed
d the Maltd Rlyer, is comon
with the water sheds of mother rivers
in this southwestern peninsula. has an
uncontrolled rulpoff which products
heavy spring freshets, and a conse-
quent low discharge during the late
rummer and eats autumn periods.
The abnomr•1 Sow characteristics of
:be Maitland River to a large extent
discount its value se a source of pow-
er, the more so by reason of the fact
Wet its watershed ie almost entirely
lacking to natural storage basins. The
country throughout the whole area is
cleared and for the, most pert, culti•
rated, so that the land damages and
construction costs in connection with
the establishment of remedial works of
sufficient magnitude to adequately off-
set the effects of dxainage, cultivation
cad deforestation would be prohibi-
tive. In view of this fact, the power
possibilities of the Maitland River
considered as an Independent wears a
continuous power, can only be discuss-
ed on the basis t>t minimum flow, in
adjunction wttb such advantages as
can be derived from local pondage.
The total drop of the Maitland River
from headwaters to mouth is approxi-
mately 900 feet, but the topography of
the watershed is such that no natural
heads of any co mina exist, the
gradient of the river being fairly
uniform and the average velocity
high. As a result, power can only be
developed by diveteton or by the crea-
tion of an artificial head, or b • com-
bination of bath methods. mi. con-
dition, in conJnnetlon with the poor
run-off regulation, will tend to make
power development expensive, and to
intonate the annual cost of power.
The above 1eneral facts, and the
posrai roncludonsdeduced therefrom.
sicomprined practically the sum total of
all ydreulic data In ooni'otlon with
safely used Maitland
when the Huron County
whams first became a definite issue.
The proper consideration of the
scheme, therefore, nee eltated at the
outset a systematic 1 op of
the flow characteristics oft Malt.
4ot1 P.'rer. Cwtoogg to the desire of
the euul, y autborltles to have a re-
acet daal the
tom possible 41t•. It
was nlk
ievestigatione for oneear onei the ly.
ekes understandived ng that t by the l�mf tvtli
!triad Medd not he emeidered as
Mal esu merely as Ind reaablelm" ihtllU.. The intent to which
d*hew▪ d. was attained will now be mon
IhrIy in May 1911, a ganging eta -
Ka ens• wtabllshed at BesteUlur, and
;knee that date monthly msuaeoseets
kb. have been made, and la am -
Mahn with them msesstr_aeta deify
IOW&%t of water Ind grin deo Me -
Vrecords obtained up to the
Mat time ars tabulated hereunder
�M Discharge Weter H.P. per
tiny t b per see. Levet at heed
ed
i4_ eve r -R. 14.17
%I•ti-- y37 l4 hp.
t>s 15.39 [1110.
Oct. 16- .47 t3 53 at it
NOV.210- 4044 Dec. aa- tido •• 14.3 340
14.30
hp.
0 +oy hp.
Jan• *7- 732 " Ice 63 hp.
Feb,se-- 306 '• Ice.
Mar.31-- aI16 " Ice. 76 hp.
Apr. 6--4t000 '• ao.a6 34ao hp.
Apr. 7 s000 " 21.60 54so hp.
A12o hp.
>Rditmia0- 15eme 16.13 485 hp.
minimum on
A.g.30- 120 " 13.18 to bp.
The last item in the above table is
Inserted by raason of the fact that
there was no actual measurement of
flow taken when the water -level
reached its lowest stage of 18.17 at
Benmiller, as evidenced by the daily
records. The estimated disc of
110 cubic feet per second is con•idtvd
to be • generous one and is to be con-
sidered the minimum volume of flow'
eo tar recorded.
The now character slice of the river
during the term covered by these re-
cords may be summarized as follows.
1) The minimum run-off of the
watershed was about 196 cubic feet
per second per quare mile.
(2) The maximum run-off of the
watershed feet per was about 88 cubic
scoped per square mile,
(3) The ratio of minlmum to maxi-
mum flow was as1to642.
(4) lbs low stages of flow occurred
during the months of July, August,
September and October.
The Intermediate stages of flow
occurred during the months of Novem-
ber, December, January, February,
March and June.
(6) The high steges of flow occurred
during the months of April and May.
Then records also indicate. -
(1) That the river is extremely sen-
sitive to the effects of rain -fall.
neatthe river is seriously de -
in in ground storage capacity.
(8) That deforestation, cultivation
and drainage have so accelerated the
run-off that the ground storage of tbe
watershed can never 1,e filled to its
natural capacity. The tailing off i11
discharge from 66,(00 sec. ft. on April
7th to 1437 sec. ft on April 27tb plain-
ly Indicate•e the existence of this con-
dition.
The records so far obtained seem to
indicate therefore that the discharge
of the Maitland is mainly dependent
upon surface run-off and the power
capacity of the river from month to
month will vary almost in proportion
to the monthly precipitation on the
tributary waterbed. This contention
is borne out by the evidence of the
Mayidischangee, On May 19th, 1911.
there was 42 H. P. per foot of bead at
Benmilier, wltb the May precipitation
slightlybelow normal. On May 90th
1912, tere was 486 H. P. pas foot of
heeW at Be: miller, with the May pre
cipltatlon 900 per cent above normal.
This intimate relation between rain-
fall and power capacityindlrate+d tbe
ce
nessity of determing what re-
lation the monthly precipitation dur-
ing the year coveted by the records
bore to that of previous yeilrs, and
precipitation records from all meteoro-
logical
eteoro-
ol gieal stations located in or Adjacent
to the Maitland River watershed were
obtained with this object in view.
Them records proved to be so distort -
meted and otberw(se unsatlrfactory
that an eshaustive analysis , of the
sante would have been useless'. : The
figures relating to precipitation have
therefore a low degree of accuracy,
and are submitted only becaww of the
impossibility of procuring more re-
liable data.
The figurer in the table below were
rreupiled from precipitation records
taken at Goderich for 96 ye,.rr, at
Clinton for 8 year's, at Mount Forest
for 7 years, at Stratford for 18 years,
at Lucknow for27 years. and at Lie
rowel for 10 year.. The first column
contains the average of all records of
monthly precipitation to date, and the
ercond column contains the precipita-
tion for the corresponding months
dnr Ing which the flow characteris-
tics of the Maitland were being in-
vestigated,
Geo, Avge. Mouth- Monthly Difference
ly Precipt'n for Precip. in average -
all years. during Abve Below
Mesm't.
Jany, s913-3.55 in. 4.7o in. t.15
Feb. 2912-2.e5 in. 2,12 in. 0.83
Mar. set 2-2,62 fa. 1.39 in. 1.03
Apr. 1912-3.15 in. 2.10 in. 0.05
May 1911-2.93 in. 2.71 in. 0.22
June 1911-2.91 in. 2.02 in. 0.19
July :911-2.91 in. 1.90 in, Lot
ug. 1911-2.,fs in. 2.59 in, 0.12
Sept. twit -2.16 in. 3,st in. .85
Oct. loft -3.39 in. 4.451n. 1.06
Nov. l911-3.4 in. 4.31 in. .84
Dec. 191 r-3.48 in. 2.13 in. 1.35
It will be seen from the above that the
monthly precipitation during the year
of investigation fell below the general
avenge during the months of Febrmary,
March, April, May, June, July and
December, and was above the general
average during the months of August
September, October, November and
January.
Studying the --flow characteristics
found by messbrement during the
years of 1911 and 1912, the following
McMillan' are derived.
(t) The winter precipitation for
teto-rt was slightly lethan the Developm•et of Power M the
a
average but greater than the winter pre- Black Hole
cipitation for 1912, the tendency being The projected scheme of develop -
therefore to produce • slimmer Sow is ment at the Black Hole involves the
1911 slightly above the average, and creation of an artlficlal head and also
greeter than the summer flow tai 1912. • diversion. it is proposed to build a
(2) The spring precipitation for 1911 dam of wfildent height to back the
was st1gbtly grester than the avenge water n to Benmlller bridge and to
but tench less than the spring wet -Mita- further increase the bead by diverting
tins for 1912, the tendency being there- ib. flow acmes the neck of • sharp
fore to produce a Spring run off, and bend in the river. The additional
t�osasqueatly • slimmer fcw, slightlybead obtained by this diversion will
above the average in 1911, but Mee than will be 6 to 15 feet, depending upon
wesM obtain in 1912. the relatives locations of the dam and
(3) The lamsser precipitation forpower hones, and the total average
as
test wcos.: dm below . avenge, bead ayallahle would be about f0 fleet.
t5. (sedency therefore being to produce The largest Item of capital east 1e
a semester flow less than the average. the eonnectlon with this development b
tendency being to peodace as autumn the dam construction. and before the
end winter flow greeter than the average flow characteristics of the river had
(4) The autumn precipitation for been Ievestlgatad it wast.hoegh4 that
MMU wee cossidersbiy above the aver eartb-dll eosstroctbs could le end
for the mate darn. but the abasemel
▪ As rysrds.sasteer low is tett, we flood flow oneditioo. .sN.eud hp
hew thenfsre two factors, the wisest � this '• Maar
ref aping pe dpltatioe awl the .prise the pr.ctteal inigeseihnley
1neetfl teadin`` to snake 1t a nazimam COST OF POWER TO GODERICH DISTRICT -NIAGARA SYSTEM
th b the elect of
+oug ground storate COSTS AS PER Gose -LEADS AS PER (3-4pt.sX-
and one tactor, the Sommer eci stomp.
FULL DEPREC.-POWER TRANSMITTED FROM
Tim NIAGARA SYSTEM ONLY VIA
tion, tending to make it a minimum by
meson of • summer ruoyfl which was
below the average. Inasmuch aa sur-
teoe low is assumed to be the govero-
ing factor as regal the discharge of
the Maitland River, it may be reason-
ably stated that the summer discharge
for 1911 was really below the average
and also that the summer discharge for
1912 nay be expected to be greater
than that of 1911 and possibly above
the average.
In the matter of autumn and winter
Sow, that shown by measurement
during 1911 and 1912 is probably
much ggrr ter than can ordinarily be
expected• as the autumn Freelpita-
tion was se mach in cacaos, of the
average. Smaller values for diaeh•rge
are to be anticipatedt6•
coming autumn and winter f, duringsseems
probable, the precipitation more closely
approaches the average.
To conclude this potion of the argu-
ment it may be said that, as regards the
low characteristics of the Maitland
River, the outstanding features are.
first, its sensitiveness to the effects of
rain -fall, and secondly, its dependence
upon surface run-off .a against ground
storage. Therefore, while the conclu-
sions above set forth may cover the
general behavior of the river over e
cycle of years, the occurrence of ab-
normal or unusual precipitation phen-
omena during some particular season
maygive rise to temporary conditions
of ow, the nature of which it is not now
possible to anticipate.
The initial decision that the Black
Hole power -site was the beat suited to
the requirements of the Commission
and the County of Huron is amply
i)edified by the results of the subsequent
nvestigation. The minimum capacity
of Io H. P. per foot of head proves the
necessity for developing under the
highest powtbre head that to phi-
s conditions trill permit and that
capital cost will justify, and also for
choosing a site providing the bat
facilities for poadage. in order to make
peak load storage c•pecity a maximum.
The Black Hole site, with an operating
head of 8o feet, and something over 700
acres of pondage obtainable, fulfils the
required conditions more .tlafactorily
than any other possible location on the
lower river, and has been considered t0
the exclusion of all others.
Referring back to the table of dis-
charge measurements, the power capac-
ity of the Black Hole site, under an 8o
foot head, upon the various dates of flow
measurement, would be as follows :
Date of Continuous Prob. comb'd to
Measure- 24 -hr. pwr. hr, and 24 hr.
ments. capacity. capacity.
May 19;11-656o E.H.P. r o,00o E.H.P.
June 14, -3680 5,800 "
July 20, -2000 3,20o
,.
Aug. 11, -1130 i,Soo
Ang.3o(min)800 " ',too "
Sept. 18, -1120 I,68o "
Oct. 16, - 168o " 2.400 "
Nov. 20, -27200 " 38,000
Dec. 22, -8560• " 12000 "
Jae. 37, '13-5040 .. 7,10^ .,
Feb. 39, -3360 4.700 "
Mar. 28, -14040 " 21,000 "
Ate. 26. -9600 " 15,40°0 ''
May 3o, -38 " 62,000 "
Considering the above figures in
connection with the conclusions de-
rived from the study of precipitation,
the following general statements with
regard to power capacity would semi
justifiable: -
(1) The Spring flow will, under ail
circumstances, produce power in ex-
cess of economic installed capacity.
(2) The Summer flow was prohahly
close to the minimum during 1911 and
• larger Summer power capacity may
be anticipated under average condi-
tions.
(3) The Autumn precipitation and
late Autumn Sow was considerably in
excess of the average, so that the
power capacities established by
measurement during the Autumn and
Winter of 1911.12 cannot be consider-
ed normal, and conditions much less
favorable should frequently obtain.
Considering the power capacities in
connection with the market demand
as previously listed, it le evident that
even under average condition., the
Summer power capacity of the Black
Hole rite will not be sufficient to
carry the Huron County load, so that
some portion of It will always have to
be carried by Niagara during the
Summer season. and probably at
times in the early autumn. Also
while the Autumn and Winter capa-
city may at all times be sufficient to
carry the Huron ()minty load, it le by
no means certain that sufficient sur-
plus capacity will be available to
supply anxtliary power to the Niagara
System. As the Maitland River wit)
be obliged to furnish power t.o the
Niagara System during the Autumn
and Winter months to compensate
for power obtained from Niagara
during the Summer. the serious nat-
ure of this condition Is evident, for
unless the Maitland River can furnish
auxIllary power during the peak
load period when It is required, the
Summer power supplied by the
Niagara System will have to be paid
for by the County of Huron.
STRATFORD.
1'no?OSITtoN A -L
Municipality H. P, Delivered Plus
Volta Int. 4%
Goderich 600 19900 $9177
Bayfield 150 2900 86 63
Clinton 300 13200 21i1 17
Belgrave 9) 2800 41 83
Wingham 260 13700 42 27
Brussels 100 2800 49 (16
Birth 100 *00 47 90
Hansell 150 2200 36 61
Zurich 100 2700 4170
Exeter 200 9800 37 37
Crediton 50 2900 6193
Dashwood 75 2900 46 47
Seaforth 400 19900 29 91
Goderich
Hayfield
ClinBelgrave
Wingham
Brussels
Blyth
Hensel,
Zurich
Exeter
Crediton
Dashwood
Meatortb
Goderich
Bayfield
Olinton
Belgrave
Wingain
Brussels
Blyth
Hensel'
Zurich
Exeter
Oredi ton
Dashwood
Seaforth
2406
760
996
460
46
375
160
150
216
160
800
75
112
800
3607
1000
300
800
00
500
200
200
900
100
400
100
150
800
4810
Plus Plus 8. Plus De-
Malot. 1.5X Fund 1.8% prec.(full)
481
42
39
48
48
67
Be
40
'64
38
80 137 64 $46 12
78 50 23 84 81
36 38 36 46 66
62 58 78 70 98
07 67 23 06 18
19 86 64 86 96
09 66 92 83 86
8647 16 58 Ott
41 56 46 70 48
98 49 71 61 76
91 71 71 919 23
18 68 43 81 40
47 37 74 44 51
PRorosrriow A-9,
13900 424 41 427 56
2200 81 69 36 35
13210 24 74 27 90
2900 33 42 38 49
1.4200 31 71 98 19
2900 38 48 48 50
2300 37 71 43 57
22011 29 21 39 24
2200 32 18 37 49
9200 80 47 34 74
2200 37 02 43 61
220u 3p- 08 42 38
19800 25 04 27 87
PROPOIITION ♦.3.
138)) $22 30 426 Oki
2200 28 61 30 49
18700 22 55 25 85
2800 29 20 33 52
13200 27 80 31 66
2200 33 06 37 96
2250 32 46 37 22
2100 26 29 20 78
2200 28 90 32 00
2200 27 29 30 96
2200 34 76 40 17
2100 32 01 36 78
13200 21 87 26 40
1131 33 p-7 60
4206 5251
31 88 38 04
44 56 64 86
41 66 50 91
55 71 89 28
50 68 63 62
38 04 46 06
43 26 53 50
99 86 48 60
50 66 64 29
49 24 82 02
31 26 3645
$2, 31 433 38
36 18 43 39
28 72 83 70
38 80 47 28
36 06 43 78
43 85 64 78
42 96 62 51
33 85 40 77
37 92 48 37
35 37 42 73
48 67 58 92
42 60 62 91
28 45 3K 06
Extension to the Strstford station to accommodate 4-12611 K. V. A . trans-
formers stepping down from 110,000 volts to 44,000 volts. Transmission at
44,000 volts to etemdown stations at Black Hole, Hen'sall and Belgrave.
Development at Black Hole not included.
COST OP POWER TO GODERICH DISTRICT -POWER GENERATED
AT BLACK HOLE-44,0oo V. TiE LINE TO NIAGARA SYSTEM.
PROPOSITION B-1.
Municipality H. P. Delivered Plus Plus Plus 3. Pius De.
Volts Int. 4% saint. 1.5% Fund 1.8% prec.(full)
Goderich 600 13200 419 41 $23 08 429 68 435 61
Bayfield 150 2200 28 17 33 30 42 54 56 15
Clinton 900 13400 19 54 23 27 29 98 35 74
Belgrave 90 2200 37 82 44 07 56 32 71 82
Winghaw • 250 13200 36 82 41 47 61 84 06 46
Brpssels 100 =CO 44 53 51 67 84 62 86 26
Blyth 100 2200 43 47 50 44 63 00 33 00
Hehsall 160 2200 32 01 37 22 48 50 59 11
Zurich 100 2200 98 70 42 68 53 46 69 70
Exeter 210 2300 33 52 38 96 4)4 75 82 47
Crediton 50 4300 56 97 64 05 78 51 102 84
Dashwood 75 4200 41 92 48 76 61. 07 81 40
Seafcrth 400 13200 90 39 35 Q4 43 41 63 61
2405
PnoPoeITION B-2
Plus Plus
Municipality H. P. Int. Maint.
4% 17.
Goderich 760 413 76 $10 37
Clintond 223 19 08 23 29
450 13 86 16
Belgrave 45 26 20 30 58
Wingham 373 24 85 28 32
Bruatels 160 90 81 35 81
Blyth 150 30 08 34 97
Hamill 295 22 27 25 90
Zurich 160 23 45 29 07
Rxeter 300 23 31 27 16
Crediton 76 32 28 87 82
Dashwood 112 29 0) 33 61
Seaforth 000 f'0 96 24 30
3807
Plus
Depose.
*2t 08
29 79
21 28
38 48
33 97
44 81
43 77
32 00
3727
34 09
47 27
42 26
30 36
PROPOSITION 8-3.
Municipality H. P. Delivered Plus Plus Plus S.
Volta int. 4% Maint. 1% Fund L8%
Goderich 1000 13100 *10 40 412 37 $15 92
Hayfield 300 2200 14 (83 17 67 22 61
Clinton 000 13100 10 66 12 59 16 24
B•elgrave 80 2200 10 05 28 41 29 47
Wingham 600 13310 18 88 21 91 17 36
Brussels 900 2200 IS 44 27 28 34 13
Blyth 3)0 2700 22 91 26 84 33 36
Heneail 900 2200 17 15 19 09 25 11
Zurich 200 2200 19 62 22 75 28468
Exeter 400 2200 17 07 20 63 15 96
Crediton 100 2200 24 67 28 69 36 12
Daahwood 150 2900 29 02 25 71 '32 36
Seaforth 800 13201 16 78 18 32 22 90
Pies
Sinking
Fund 1.8%
425 13
38 47
26 28
49 90
48 21
50 74
58 14
41 96
48 51
4383
63 91
56 52
37 77
Plus De-
prec.full)
$19 00
2924
19 30
3834
96 tri
46 84
44 45
31 99
37 34
39 42
49 00
43 25
28 51
Tie line 44,000 volts single circuit Seaforth to Stratford. Stratford stal-
lion extended and 4-750 5. V. A. transformers installed stepping down from
110,000 volts to 44,000 volts, if 1230 R. V. A. transformers were used instead
01 the 760's t he above prices would each increase 13,' per H. P.
COST OF POWER TO GODERICH AND DISTRICT -POWER DEVEL-
OPED AT BLACK HOLE -NO CONNECTION WiTH
NIAGARA SYSTEM
Paoposmow 0-1.
Municipality
Goderich
011nd
Railway
Goderich
Bayfield
Clinton
Railway
H. P. Del'd P1u. Plus Plus
Voltage lot.. 4/; Matt. 1% S. F. 1.8%
400 13200 32 50 88 47 49 07
100 2200 49 06 68 27 73 77
200 14300 38 40 45 20 67 63
800 13200 82 59 388 47 40 07
1,61'
PHOPI MIT ION 1'-2.
7110 134)0 19 14 24 et
150 2100 29 76 36 41
3101 13200 22 79 27 20
4100 13200 19 14 22 04
20 78
46 5M
35 14
20 78
Plus
Dep'n
40 54
87 66
(1206
49 64
:1007
F4 94
98 66
:30 07
Generate at Black Hole at 13,200 volts and transmit to Goderich. Bay -
fleld and Clinton, No connection with Niagara system.
COST OP POWER TO GODERICH DISTRICT -NIAGARA SYSTEM
COSTS AS PER G-u3-4.0AD AS PER 0•119 -MAINT. 1.57,
PULL DRPREC.
PRoroemoe D-1.
Municipality H. P. Delivered Plus Phis Plus M. Plus De -
Volts let. 4% Maint. 1.5% Fuod 1.118 prise. (full)
(iodes4h 421 18100 436 02 440 08 446 06
li•ylsld 100 2900 60 85 M 79 Ila fa
theta] 900 14100 36 70 42 19 48 71
fiaafertb 8x10 1,1$30 80 67 M 40 41 21
MaUw•v 800 MOO M 02 40 est M 1e1
ilus+
455 41
17 97
48 78
40 M
Igo 41
Goderich
Bayfield
Clinton
Sealortb
Railway
Uoderwh
Bayfield
Clinton
Seeforth
Railway
700
160
300
350
400
1a)U0
200
400
400
500
2600
Municipalities
PRoreemoN
13A111 429 84
2200 99
19800 29
13800 26
13310 Ili
13.410
2330
13311)
133)0
1320)
24
86
64
84
D-2.
03270 $3795
4.543 5287
34 15 99 09
3062 3530
32 7u 37 36
PROPOSITION D-3.
426 81 429 15
34 04 99 16
27 51 31 36
34 27 27 76
25 81 29 15
15
4629
86 07
3194
38 15
844 96
88 41
49 88
42 37
44 36
438 8N
56 25
44 22
38 11
38 86
An extension to the Stratford station Arai the installation of 4.750 H. V.
A. transformers, stepping down from 110,188) volts to 44,000 volts and trees -
mission at 44,000 volts to a step-down station near Black Hole. Transmission
at. 13,200 volts to t,todericb, Clinton and Bayfield, and a step-down atotion to
2,900 volts at Bayfield.
utilizing this type of construction et
the Black Hole. 1t wan therefore
necessary to largely increase such
preliminary estimates as hat1 been
made to provide for a masonry dam.
and the hollow reinforced ,vee of
construction was adopted se 1, in,( the
cheapest and most economic .1 after
giving proper consideration to safe
and efilcient handling of ice olid flood
water.
In a general way it may be said
that the conditions relative to devel-
opment at the Black Hole cot}ld not
well be more unfavorable, as the low
water power conditions are such as to
make the revenue producing power
capacities very small, while the flood
conditions are such as to call for an
abnormally heavy capital expenditure
for dam'construction and permanent
works. The annual cost of generated
power is therefore affected by reason
of the fact that the revenue from
power generated at low stages of flow
must be sufficient to cover the heavy
capital charges and maintenance+ costs
arising out of the necessity for hand-
ling an abnormal flood discharge.
Two estimates of the cost of devel-
opment at the Black Hole have been
made, one for 2000 H. P., and one for
0000 H. P. installed capacity. The
9000 H. P. estimate represents the
cost of developing the Black Hole site,
as an independent source of power, to
the limit of dependable 10 hour capa-
city. The 8000 H. P. estimate pro-
vides surplus Installed capacity for the
Purpose of using the higher stages of
flow to supply auxiliary power to the
Niagara system.
The 2000 H. P. estimate shows a
capital cost of 8587,000, and a total
annual charge of 445,600. The 8000
H. P. estimate shows a capital cost of
$697,000 and a total annual charge of
451,500. Considering these figures in
connection with the statements made
above as to the effect of a low power
capacity combined with • heavy flood
discharge upon cost, it is Interesting
to noteIn ,-
(1) the 2000 H. P. estimate, the
dam construction amounts to 03 per
cent of the total capital cost. and the
annual charges against dam construc-
tion alone amount to 51 per cent. of
the total annual charges.
In the 2000 H. estimate the
interest and sinking fund charges
amount to 76 per cent. of the total
annual charges. ,
(3) In the 0000 H,P. sstimete the
dam construction amounts to 64 per
Dent. of the total capital Dost, and the
annual charges against dam construc-
tion alone amount to 45 per cent. of
the total annual charges.
(4) In the 6000 H.P. estimate the
interest and sinking fund charges
amount to 11 per cent. of the total an-
nual charges.
It is evident from the above figures
that tbeannual cost of generated power
at Black Hole will be high as long as
the interest and sinking food continue
to be an annual liability, the more so
because the revenue from such contin-
uous power as can be generated under
conditions of minimum flow will al-
ways have to carry the bulk of the
annual charge against the develop-
ment, owing to the fact that auxiliary
power must be sold for 49.40 or 49 00
per H.P. per annum. On the other
band, the figures show that at the end
of thirty years, when the interest and
sinkingfund charges will cease, the
cwt of generated power will be very
low, providing, of course, that no ex-
traordinary conditions arise dnring
this period which might cause serious
injury to, or the destruction of the
permanent works.
ESTIMATES.
By means of the extended series of
estimates submitted herewith, it is
intended to indicate ay clearly as pos-
sible how existing conditions, as set
forth above, affect toe cwt of deliv-
ered power.
These estimates may be classified as
follows :
Series A.
This series contemplates serving the
county of Huron exclusively from
Niagara, by means of a 44,0110 -volt line
from Stratford and a distribution sys-
tem covering the greater portion of
the county. Allowance is made for
extending the Stratford station and
Installing additional transformer ea-
pecity. R'timate A•1 rovers the quan-
tities of power which are considered at
present aysllahle. Estimates A-2 and
A-9 cover quantities bel per rent. and
100) per cent., resppeecctively-, in excess of
those used in Estimate A -I.
An development at the Bleck Hole
is not ronelder•d in these estimetee,
the it&osmission distance from Niag-
ara is the controlling factor as regards
Anal Bost. Estimates A-2 and A 8 in-
dio•te the extent to which costs can
he reduced by increasing the load.
Series B.
This series eootemplates serving the
county of Huron from the develop-
ment
evelopant et the Black Hole with the
Meier* system as a source of auxil-
iary power. the same territory being
covered, and the same quantities of
power heist assumed es to Series A.
The oomety system is connected to
Niagara the,ugb • tie -line between
Aisles and t e•foetb, end the final
meta sower all charges 1n .wwine+etroe
with the tie -line and the development
at the Black Hole. No charge for
auzil" power or revenue therefrom
is inched in the.. estimates, it being
assumed that the surplus output at
the Black Hole during high stages of
Now will cover the draft uo the Niag-
ara System during the low-water
period.
lids Serie•+ of estimates also shown
the effect of so increase in load upon
the final cost of power. The influence
u(,,,11 cost of the unfavorable l0.ation
of the outlying loads is illustrated in
Estimate .13-,1 where the runual coat
of transmiseioo within the, county
' ' a is t hree to five times the cost of
gener.ition at the Black Hole. This
condition becomes leas. pronounced as
the load increases, until in Estimate
B-3 the annual cost of transmission
and transformation is reduced to a
reasonable figure.
Sense C.
This series of estimates is leas com-
prehensive than those shove described,
the intention being to serve ex-
clusively from the Black Hole such
municipalities as could hs served
under conditiousof mlhimum flow.
Stena D.
in this series the same territory in
covered, rad the same quantities* of
power assumed as ind$erles 0, but the
Black Hole development is eliminated
sod the Niagara system is considered
as the source of supply. As is Series
A, the controlling factor is the trans-
mission distance from Niagara Falls.
The Series C and Series D estimates
form a basis upon which to coin=
the Niagara system and the
Hole as sources of power under the
load conditions assumed.
Delivered Voltage
In the appended estimates it will be
noted that there ie a column showing
the voltage at which power is to be
delivered. In accordance with the
Power Act, the delivered voltege for
towns and cities ler 13,200 volts, fwd
for villages the delivered voltage is
2,200 volts. The prices for the towns
In the county of Huron, therefore. do
not include the anneal cost of stepping
down to 2.900 volts for local dis-
tribution. In the case of villages,
however, the prices quoted include
all costa except operation, lo connec-
tion with the transformer station and
apparatus necessary to step down to
2,200 volts for local distribution.
EACH ESTIMATE TO BH CON-
SiDER EDA SEPARATE
SCHEME.
It is to be further noted that each
series of estimates and each sub -esti-
mate is to be considered u a tsepaeate
proposition. In Series A, for ex-
ample, Estimate A-1 is compiled on a
basis of 2,406 H. P. delivered, and the
transmission line posts have been esti-
mated for this capacity. Similarlyin
Eetlmate A-2, the transmission ine
costa have been estimated for a capac-
ity of 3,607 H. P. This means that if
the lines were built In the beginnings
for a capacity of 2,406 H. P., accord-
ing to Estimate A-1, and the capacity
of the lines were gradually increased
to carry a load of 3,007 H. P., the final
cost of power might be slightlyhigher
than it the lines had been buit for a
capacity of 3,1407 H. P. at the outset,
according to Estimate A-2. This ap-
plies to each of the series of sub•esti•
maws ea submitted herewith.
GENERAL CONCLUSIONS.
Two tact.• of major importance, as
indicated by the estimates, may be
expressed as follows :
U) Any quantity of power from
2,6011 H. l', to 5,000 H.P. can under all
circumstances, be supplied to the
county of Huron by insane of the
Black Hole development and N(agat•s
tie -line cheaper than It can bssupplled
from Niagara direct
(2) The Series A and Series B esti-
mates indicate that the general dis-
tribution of power throughout the
county will produce a fair schedule of
prices when the total demand reaches
4,500 H. P. In this connection, it
sould be noted that the basic factor
affecting cost is the total quantity of
power taken, the distribution of the
individual loads being of se000dary
importance. The loade need not
therefore be distributed exactly se
shown In the estimates of Series A
and B, as long as the total power eon-
sumption is fulfilled.
in view of the above, it was consid-
ered necessary to prepare a series of
estimates based on the supply of
smaller total quantities of power, and
stowing at the outset a more restricted
territory. Is Series (' the main item
of annual rost Is chargeable to genera-
tion at the Black Hole, by reason of
the face that the heavy annual east of
development must be carried by the
twenty -minute monthly peak capac-
ity of the pleat under conditions of
minimum flow. This aeries of esti-
mates Is valuable in that it shows
what the Black Hole power -site Is
worth as an Iodependeet mune of
power. The quantities of power enu-
merated in Estimate C-1 repswent the
extreme limit of the capacity avail-
able at the Black Hole based upon
pretest information.
The estimates of Mertes D bave
hews prepared toe purposes or encs
o'awe4anaa ea eau+ r