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The Signal, 1898-6-9, Page 3Duo tiers is eleteee, sol ealtby t Havana, N,a (ever aced t ehry are. rainy, star reins be. large to • worse a few days far and P•01)10 ser deadly he weather fol Imtt should ps. re went had nee rt fur ore coed, t io., blockade prow ideal, bawled, motet h, bans note. Wee err began to nee troche run out, and tion stare ing. • refused with the time I,ia watt •hc •"to feat ead. Aums a 000d,u y he USA NDa. meal r diorama keep clean, en if whinr of the er itk,n flee isms 11 pox in Cubs reduced Ne he •aer,ne died trots apo feared the yelk.w •rvrr. demi'. mild torso tbsaoefort► er bas as r he■ se recovering again lied ED. fever r.. is burse went i nes. is or. alert 1(4 J. Sri barrtwl -bsried as Mem rainy nndrede of eomfaar at ran- t may rue the piddle are name ty to fifty before the bed, bet oil strait- peais6 tad - away from Mire to tee n wratrbe•.- ad'tbs Cie as is wee• any le to us than t. Ming; where rtor of an t. has mare a Meow tall back tie of life;, 110007 ■s to lithe black - 'eatable of sore. • die °o r- bsa strewn Low.H. • propen- from not loyal. lei done sed iter beef - iter Sect[, • amide 7 to pro - MI of se It knows I if food. plana re. t time of have Wormer sed rain tun day one e WE WANT GOOD ROADS." By A. W. Campbell, C. E., Road Commissioner of Ontario. The Great Need of This Country is Good Roads --Now to Build Them Economically Explained by an Expert—Useful Hints and Diagrams to the Road Builders of this Country. Do we actually waat good roadst Or are bad roads preferable, is the cry Met has been raised throughout the Iaegthz sad breadth ot C•sed& aad of thus costumed. "We want good roadie" tion demand of area to their Bober ma - Nut Or baa labor and money been pieced on our roads for a osntary put sorely to occupyear time, sad keep ear anrpto• captal in circulation. If we do not want good roads, It bad roads ale preferable. why should we want Msds st sll.1 • We meat have roe*, Tbat MeeeKtp Wing been placed upon as. Nat int - nee t -nee which 6a• taught as the we- enie as tuto.lihulY. ldae pians the economy of Issialeielefloteat iffei good. wt rood* which will withstandweeer. W fos tweet the labor sad money spent on thea to be • payinvestment. W. mat roads wh/ek will be good so mat- ter what the state of the wsatber. aWe whet roads which well not become rat- ted atted immediately the fall rains Mate ea ee when the frost leaves the ground (• the wrist, remaining iso rosgb -haps for & conslder•ble part of the er. A road Whist' doss this is a road. The mosey and tabor "pest as it, is largely forced down into•tbs and, is plowed under within • yearn ud wasted. A good road la an econ- omical road. in building as economical road. Ira - Sweetmeats meet be made in such a est that they will last. Roads la Can- ada have been built on the sante prin- ciple as a wagon which breaks down w fader the first toed. sad is used for woad alter • year ellservice. Moat wi et't71e 1eYdian •:wit.h ft liMYie hare Imes made apd remade a actors of time II Ga sad ire &tit! bad roads. They are of tis kind tbat "break ap." A road that "breaks up" is lib aa7tkiag else U•t breaks up. a poor emeeetme*t. Wben road banding is rightly wader - stood in this country, township cone - sitters will no mon thine of baildt*g reads that break eV la the •preag [baa they wilt think of coastsctrog hoarse or townships find that they can do more work by commuting all the labor at thirty -flue cents per day. Usefulnesstherethere[ is csrotalgly seed for reform wisest a man's labor is worth less than thirty -flue cents a day. A feeling In favor of statute labor alit holds In some localities, but is grow lag weaker. There is not a country 1 eMe world. characterized b7 good roads, where a system of statute tabor is in ase. Toa slight, but very slight ex o hat tog gravel. In this worts titer I is less opportunity for wasting time - it is work which is more agreeable tbu n mach of the other work of greasg a ditching; it is work which the aver age farmer understands to be of dine P•thamstera, (and fewer of diem) were appointed tee a teras of n to carry out the directions of the •u rvtsor, and if to them positions the rtppkt mea were atrpointed, • euasiderabls step would betaken towards the better 4•n- ageme*t of roads in the townships. Under systematic management, maNy sad labor meld be made to work to- gether to the beat possible advantage. At present eacb pethmeater is given • few dollars end a few days of labor. surrounded b7 neighbors. Notbing but patchwork can be expected. By con- solidating this money and labor, by ae- lng the vch iitcanbbe turnede labor btothhe bbd ad- vantage, by using the money in Yet- ah&*tug materiel and doing work to whicstatute labor is not adapted, by seeing that •e this work is proper[ done, and at flys right time much coned be doe. to Improve present coe- d Wons. UTILIZING STATUTE LABOR. One of the most profitable metttetr of using statute labor u to utilize it 1 and report. to cotison op all machines bad implements, showing their condi- tion and where kept. 10th. He aboled carefully examine all parts of the townsbip where gravel and stone exist. and should by borings and teats. determine tile quality and extent, and report thereon to the coun- cil. Alt material. atone, plank, gravel. etc., should be purchased by the su- pervisor in large quantities, and und- er iastrI».Uo* from the couch, the required amount to be determined by his estimates :veered to above. As far am possible the material should he per - Missed by tender. trod due conaidsraUos should be given to any ratepayer har- ing material for sale. When parohas- ed it ahoutd be delivered sad stored et convenient pointe. and placed is eharge of. sad used by the pat/ master, subject to the order of the supervisor. sad in emergency work. 11th. He &boned prepare specifica- tions of all work for which the coun- cil makes appropriations. Coatracte should be awarded to the lowest bidder • if proper aecurity is given, but the work should be subject to the approv- e al of the supervisor and all accounts ad should be certified by bins before pay- _ meat. t PATIRMASTER8. •it rainy be said to be wed ie France bat with very dlffsre>e* meth- ods of applying It, 11 it 4e to be retain- ed in Ontario, the present feeling of the people strongly Indicates that it will have to be placed on a beakss wheesrel. by There is • y prevalentteas fr ne and is It follows than entered (n into ritotb- er mean& to " be used in performing other work. For the grading of the roads there is machinery which every township Should possess. For the ee- ration of these machines one mall me atuteWtadu�Gl sad experts wed ..,ce aaround from fatrmer Wunfarm•: k• a scraper or a plow. These ma - m do not know how a road should Shaped, but in the hands of a man does, tbey are exceedingly vale •For drainage and ditching it i& ally beet to jure the work done, by en who are •eouatomed Lo this class work. One of the most necessary w to 6a taken no es to receive the test hematite from statute Tabor is res that the material. whether gra- [ or broken atone. is prepared in the or query, ready to be drawn to road. If screening, enmities or ;piling s pit la necessary, it should -v ail done before statute labor oom- bnenres. Gravel may be plentiful. bet I of a ve-y inferior quality. Usually no effort is made by the council to screen the grave!, remove the surface soil from the pit or In any way prepare the gravel th'iai6eaJd ar resident on a eoaoeasion road knows' p, better than anyone else the re -}1i quiJGments of that particular road A II b feature, • _ c r, ia that I he no twok clauses agree a their ideas of who what wbrk should be done, or bow It; sou should be dose. No doubt then are ems cues in which one man is riget; but m when one man la right all the rent meet! of be ad in wrong, uurrn from g tahese ttore pplan , gee and superintend the roadwork. The to only result which could reasonably fol-' ve low from each a system is that whecb' pit we tied—wade and lad roads. the The patbmeeters can make the road stn r destroy y it call one the men or not; make the Medway 10, 20. 30 or 40 feet id., as may suit their individual ideas make the width uniform or of as unsay dim as there are pathmuirn;+ meows the grads, make it flat or a s- ved u may occur tc them ; they can' noH(y the ratepayers on the beat of the number of days to be performed and instruct them to turn out when they lee tit, the ratepayer, bring such isaptsmente as tiny wish, work or do; not work, so long u the pat 1n the time; they beat gravel t they went to qct In three days in one; haat sand tart so long as tate& from the A CONCRETE CULVERT, that break kp in the a rlag, baron the break tip fa the spring, or fences the break ap in the eyries The road builders of this coyote hos not given sufficient 000sider*tio to the eftast of bstilding bad road Tear after year work of a tlimsy *MINN character is placed on t6 roads. T6a romans are telly temporar tad are daetro ed by a very Ilttl wear and trim Is • very .her time the work his to be done ore again. Bat the evil does sot end wit this. This teasel demand for repair Is so great that no towasbip can re - pond to it. The roads Mistimed of be Ing repaired wiles they seed it are ne- glected, grow worse sad worse sad ell the evils of bad roads follow. What bad roads are delis for this C catty V °sty ase aide of the evil. as other aids te whet they an sot &lm the Ines doss sot arise so mach ear. as !t does frons tsad he abwsent* of thed e ban•fits witch good raids would bring. Oar toss must be measured not so much p' the mosey and labor we are throw - Ug away on bad roads, as by the op- portunities which would ooms to us U the roads were good. t township pit, haat one load or tea ao t long as the day is spent, and the patb- master Is satisfied. He is the aggeenat of y the commit. and hie word is law. If u he keeps bis men •t work, in good a. humor, and is securing • good road/ be o is a good fellow, bot can't be kept la e office mon than two years. The job' t 7 must be peened around area It the new man destroys the good work of bis Iiredecemor. Petbaasters meat oar- aro f tify to the loads of gravel hauled wise- Lb a cher they see them based or not. Coate t s cels must pay that account at w mucb a load, right or wrong, and quality of - of material mast not be congested, bet The result of thaw lack of supenis- los le mtamaaagement in aetual road iib coostru*tion, A description of the 60- of teat work dose sounds lib ridiarle, however earnest it may be. A. statute .a tabor die is Short, of eight hove, but R the mos ars rarely eat ground for a more than six bours. A good part of a1 the six hoer* is sweat in guosip, in ' ed argniurl as to what abould be don.,and ; of es finding fault with west is being ou stone. Another part la spent is look-' lag up serapes and plows that should have been provided before the work do was commenced. When we ooaatder; ity the clam of team% sent out by the ` at ratepayers; the ns which can carry! team only belt' a load, the boys who come to the do • msa's work—these sad many M6-' r sr det•tl., the friesda of statute labor Mud meossearlly frame numerous' nil .{tologios. lab* Statute labor is performed at a time! ca of the year woes every farmer can bat use hl. time to advantage on his ata own lead,. bet Instead ot remaiaitr4' chi where be roe do the moat profitable it work, he two his time in paying a road a tar. A large part of the time spent. Mu in road work is unquestionably waited. tem neat tad sill parrto of din' one an- • • is expended oa the roads. A corafu! conslderatioa of this imp j*s�pnditure will show that mane of son theleading roads, far (roes beta( good,,eih Hatt much more than first &sae roads stile 6 etas thane coni of oro nig placed ma rs at a time It is of infer hit but the "i"hare are men to ever township who are capable of taking the oversight of road-conatruettoa, but the system 4 changing the pathmasters every one or two years is not likely to produce men wire are well quAUtisd in this respect. Appointed in the spring, the pathmast- bee no tens to maks a study of the subject such as it demands. Nor 1s the -tact that he will be succeeded by wane one else es patltmaster the following year an eneourageknent to efts rt In this direction, 4� ,s�� Read divisions or "beats" aace& be from three to five mike in length. A p•thtaastsr should 6. a permanent of - This Materiel 4 pn,rehaaad at from 6 to 10 mate a load, and when mixed with as ezossslvs amount of mad or clay is the most expensive road easter" lel for Much travelled highways. When we consider the number of pits in some townships and their immense alae, re- prwntlag that thousands of loads here been taken out, and then oonaider the short mileage gravelled, we mast readl- 1,y ass that something in the quality of Material and the mode of construction is radically wrong. In some instances much more than the value, of a whole Carta has been paid for by gravel pur- aheasd by the load sad takeo from • •mall corner. It first -clap material were used un- der ordinary traffic, the annual re- pairs rendered necessary would be very alight. In searching for gravel. the clearest lnd1e*tiotas are usually to to round along the bank& of streams, where any extensive strata le apt to be exposed. A post -hole auger affords a convenient tgaans of making tests over the sat - hoe o1 the soil for gravel, but the beat implement la generally a simple form of drill. There are cases in which gravel beds may be entered at the level of a stream bed. and water is thereby obtained for washing t6. metal by natural drainage. affording it trona sandandearthy matterr means of than by screen- ing.Gravel Is still being deposited in drfts end bus by the agency of streams; this will be found to partake of the character of the pit graver ot the locality but generally will contain In ez thy, although ad m This is uaually one olytbe he Lunt sources. as the gravel can be washed by natural drainage. Lake gravel i. often • good metal but vari- es greatly. It be apt to be slaty. as undesirable qqu*Uty • It will to tree from dirt sed oIeq. gt contains suttl- THE GRAVEL OR BROKEN STONE IN PLACE.—Croarosection. floor, and his division should be such cleat sharp sand to lemurs conwlid•- that the most 0f' 61s travel wi11 lead tion, especially if a roller is used hi os m er the greatest portion of It. He need not receive a salary, but should, al a slight recompense, pre- ferred in doing email job& under the saparvisor, wbere the work is not con- sidered of lafliclent lmPortanoe to be Te for be[ as theeseed.{ log 6p roar-rect. •lpould in ad - Tea to go Into rho pit one or two inferior b�auaa _1 cannot undertake the•haaht of ve- to eattfytbeir fewth d ay or labor in der lo other sections there is no (ravel, but field and quarry stone is to he found in abundance. frequently flow/ the road to be improved, But wl1.h bis materiel unprepared for roadwork, no- thing can be done by the farmers ex- cept to plow and amulet the mud, in other ways, put in their time treeless effort. If the council wo purchase or otherwise employ a r crusher to prepare this stews and lea it ready for battling, it they were pQrehau amens, strip pita, rte., see that aothisg but first-class gra was provided, farmers wield bre ewe aged and would willingly spend the time to the fullest extent in bawl this material. A SUPERVISOR. The first and greatest need of ev sad ase system of road construct' to leave one man at the bead of work to art as a (funeral euperviwr mast be • practical man, and it sites, erperleaced in road most tion, and acquainted with the pr ciples underlying it. The advantage of having suet) an officer, appointed by br-law. with term of ot(lee se ire as that of a townahep clerk wUl best ezylaiaed by stating his date het- The supervisor abould prepue pige .f his dietriet, or township, Jag all roods, sad the location oa the I all culverts, bridges and ware courses. claaaifying roads aocording heir requtremsnte. tad,Be should prepare a flat of °reverts and bridges, allowing di on, material lined is co**trueti efr coaditioss and the direeti.,,, he watercoar.ea passing throag them. with meamised& as to the eon the water and location of the oa lard• The plass wed records shoe w, u to roads, whether they a grsvei, stems or .aril. goaded tag the system t f drwlaage. land e are sohould traffic upon them, carefully study the present ad faints rsqulremeats of traffic on I roads, the class of roads best suit - to each traffic. the width and depth natal, width of graded portio•, am- nt of crown and other details of construction. 4th- Hs should full Intorma.- n am to location, extent and gnat - of material suitable for road cen- ruction, and amount of plonk and ter obtainable from ratepayers in township or district, mutable for spline 5th. 11e sleeted report to the Coal - as 'early as peeeible 1a each year wing the. member and location of Meets aril small bridges to be re - it or repaired, with • detailed tement of "all material required for s work, and an eutimate of tits cost• would also be advantageous to have I,robable estimate 'o1 material re - red during the following year, pre - ted each tall so that, if thought ad- isabts, it may be Parcbased sad de - erred on Um groped daring winter nth. or other matt convenient sea - so ss to utilise u mach as poa- le, the labor of ratepayers daring Week Puma. tic. His report boned specify the dittos of all bridges, iadiesting who require repgirs or re- traction, together with en estimate cost, sed • itatedir t lleattagg with h special proteetloe work on stream* *a; deem worth the enamel* Them aimed also be to rosy n.ad.d re-1eeMiss or of sxistisg roads with a view away myth bridges, ealverta, k sreds asp 4/r other features kb head to gravest permanent k sad It.e�mmlo itnintManes, th. *.6es.1d coalslt with all Nab - tare ied report to the coattail ieg the mintier of dye' labor In diehpiss, the work to be nadertak- sad the sa.aat of moss which !d M appropriated the eritiny to pr.Nrlyt Ise the statute 1.1 in actually necessary to oversee the uld of the division, la a000rdance with the ock local by-law ot raise and regulations, ve which should be fraapd so as to include to this :tatter. and GRAVEL. ROADS. vee ur- Grewal is very eleatifui in many er partec of Caead•, and where it can be ing obtained. of a good quality, within rea- sonable healing distance, makes a cheap but good road surface. As pre- vlotaly poteted out, it should be clean, cry free from sand sad Olay, since it is the construction ditto*. give apectil attention aeon; emer(•noy work. suchre w•abo Gravel which retains a perpendicular face in the spring, and shows on trace of slipping when thawing out mail gen- eral -1Y be *seamed to be sufficiently Glean and free from clay for use on the road without any treatment other than is necessary to break stones tewater than one twitanti • hath ha WS. 1 diameter. brutes eaherts and Midges. 11 the I (Tb be Continued.) time required to oversee the statute Labor in his division is more than would be needed for bis own statute labor, he should be paid for such excess un- der oertifie'te of the erancdl, the object beingptov Leer or oonoun proper sapervislo& of all work per- formed and determine whether the excess time was the council or supervisor to stone, not the earthy materials which Hr are needed on the road. Nor should k atones sad boulders be mixed wee- with it, as they will work ap, and roll looser under the feet of the borses in- •rad ib. hen w la of vehicles. 1s tbe preparation of gravel it is fregnently advisable to place • atone crusher with screen attachment In the Abe pit- By ps.siag all t6s gravel through a I the sand sad clay pas removed and the ate- large atones broken by the one opera- ttoa. If the gravel to fit to be placed & oa the road without such treatment r la nearly every ease it will be noose - to &pry to send a mea over 16e road to men'rake off large ptoses and break tbem by band. on, taking eareleaseeen is exercised In of average ng gravel out of the pit. Ie the • r*e of from Ptwo to t we find feett coompurface �oseed t t of earthy matter • thea a layer of four or five Leet of Mesa gravel of excel- w Hest quality; than a stratum of mares 1't. Sand aro to two fast think:sad muter - re this another stratum of fairly TRIUMPH OF ngRF1.-WOMEN. For more theta five years that ex- ample of progressive graciousness, the wbeelwomaa was the recipient of all aorta of harsh abuse for the reason that a6e liked bicycling. bought * wheel for herself and in*isted upon riding it. Yeaxe before abs even thought of that exercise (or herself men bad enjoyed cycling. and it had increased their .ig- or and prolonged their lines. Scarcely more [has tea years ago safety bicy- cles were in their infancy, and mak- ing them for women's use waa an ex- periment undertaken with more or leas misgiving. It was estimated that the force need- ed tee propel a wheal was greater than the average woman could supply. That was the first objection to womb try. coming eyelets. Then it welt .asserted that wheeling was too unbecoming and immodest to be practiced by the gentl- er sex. When those &remnants (ailed to dissuade women trona takgg their daily spins ...ley were assailed and ap- pealed to oq the ground that the wheel wee the personal sad favorite instru- ment of Satan, and that cycling "bad a tendency to Inn young girls into paths that lead directly to sin." Moth- er were cautioned against permitting heir daughters to ride, and husbands became uueaay lent their wives should heel away. To 'supplement the anxiety of 16e household. clergymen averred that Otis of the greatest obstacles 1* the way of rood taprovoa.at i. t6. .arrow view takes of tbs question by so many attester of t61s evaatry. They ban been accustomed to think of roads merely as lacidegtal to statute labor; and eta - tuba labor they eoriaider as means little cb oapathaaaster can gut a work dons la front of his own termridvagtage. wlcfote will be of direst personal Thee do not ass sor appreciate the tae•efcta w�a,,, wpalei accrue to the s••Vilet'whi and provisos. But They ►add ou gone le megegyy °R i mfiytpttrttsad labor spent on the reads of the ttown- saep *i11 embalm* the valise of every farm by lac the *Sand for Land; it ere roe 01. s tigs tits Wittigof the farm by` the elOelise of the [era, 7'!a let*strtes would in liagie ilectiro . fret�rn�Al wooltt e aete" Matt remunerative, rale would be lor Draftee Which ia 00i Sow tweed. beasees ed t}eiditasal a ill l "Ming the stark.t. BTATT FR LABOR. t v The greet majority of roads I* Can- ads spa snider the mantra of tbwnebtp councils. bad are built lay stalest*, bor aupplented by mossy giants. The statute lanai, system is fatted to a Veer ega. It sults ties abilities of People taaitl"- a hoots 1a • Dew .the Spirit of their fedi ammo (4 Visa Node istM tnl• lkTI5st �wat�'flliigsitly and tait6n et labor% chs Maes s I w..._ .. _ et WEIR aril of ll [.made: hare grove ddltliret hean lots. t should east. Nor is ties aft., the most regrettable is that, through r mesa IMIdimp.> t0 a ms aeon/. Min has beak >MJ 1 OD MONEY, appropriate se gals Ivor to beeper* on the ttlehi la mania. id would in ever. that *peat la mien iteb wor • alma oboe each shoe bor. itth. He mhos Ions desiring to bor for a tin* to the finished Oth. lie Alas striate with dive- d statute la - with a view rmanitat end take Moak annuaiiy, good gravel. The common practice followed by teamsters Is to scrape THE FINISHED ROADWAY. down the fear of ties pit, mailbag the ao1l. pleas gravel sand to mix to- gether at the This to put i& the wagons bad tabes to the road. Very few gravel pits provide muter- se pal (1t la it* natural stab for ups on of the road. 8erssatsg and *rushing are pi ofi oft.• remove y, partioslarly the form- fr am the iaad and clay from whit* is wanted mg the res. It oad the dose mad and ala not the sed cls a y� y oat the road There 4 enough nand drawing it sbvr'il miles from the grav- el pit. Road matarfaL to to of 1ts greatest •acne oa the road should be nearly tree from sand bad slay. Dirty gravel. while It unites readily sed forme a good roadway In dry weather, slushy and rata with eggs] readies* 1a west weather; wbers- as with clean material the stones as- sume a moebaaleal a the ese of the olier, that will sot Aged to all the saws extant in wet weather. Earth lint sqd atheist moisture sod atter a few boars' role the road be - maw mettlaa.d. 1e this slight rats ars et Meenieeidth ld 1pawater; the whole dag the hood lied psreitttf g eaab suecss- sive vehicle to chars t rata deep er petit the grave) station le het tbrotgb. PTTRCHARg fl ORA'1 RL. A great many toweships buy ster- ol b the load. Ten is very mach files bayieg router hJ the pailful lastead of digging a well. retied should be bought b7 the pit, or by the mire sad should 6e ►veilahie at all tames 1lr *at farmer who wastage 1..3z.2: ♦alae ot r ford road poet It. sbotSY b tabes by consign 1.• CIM Oak . pvlor to the poMoraaess et Meta* tabor. t6. pit In etreppsd bed t6e eray., .16ir wise treated It ei.OMq. their congregaLions had been seriounly diminished by the bicycle's popularity. and that sisters wbo had formerly oc- cupied front seats io the churches were to be seem reeked in blouse waists and abbreviated skirts hurrying past the seactnary. Theatre managers charged the wheel with diverting the &tier/tem a yenta, ladies from the harmless am- usements of the stage to the doubtful &Warless of iniburban groves aad retreats lebelled "lee Cream and Hods." Other diretatisfied persons, in - chiding. deniers in turnitans. vowed thee with many housewives, comfort aad artsthettes in the home bad beeotne femietnity had been girea to bowi- ightened eh -isle -omen who weuldn't erd their Owe roedeters with thresh of parenthesis and paresis in the intermits'. lumbrieales end adduct- or pellicle. In the last year or two wheeleromen have shown a decided liking for cen- tury tuna aud for that they base been vigorously scored. A fee, women bare eurlabibeti had bane by engaging in long rink runs temposed of MOO witb *bens their soquefutethee wee little or nothiver. Happily, etch imprudence tun leen rare, mid the examples fur- nisbee have resulted In better judg- ment being exercised by other.. Having endured etitieleak reproaeb. sad dbtoouragement for so levy a time. the whosiiron5,54 imow rides with a light heart, She hes succeeded la showing that. In the way of moderate and wall - timed bleyele riding. vrbat-ii good for man also good for Ma compaeloa. In other words. hi her battle tor tlis piesalmists end /ticklers for oiti-tiMe straitlaced deeorum, and to qotate oat of nor number. "good health and con- tentment sums( the bicycle glebe now appear ICI le imetagions. 5 MANAGING A DOT. boy is of hie beelthil My boy is oon- etantly rannieg out Is all aerie et heather. withal* averment or over- seas*, no matter what my. How do you eenteimet Mrs. Brings—When say boy °steno oeld give him tied liver di. TERRIBLE IAN -KILLERS. few awn.* emaarases se se owe Hi Waft. ea sae treasee. Marvelloue es are mu- Maxim and Gatling guns. toreedoea. and all the other islet rune -ate of mashie:1 war faro buinan ingenuity in this diroce tion hao by nu exbauated Real. in a few pore the man-killiug uppers - tug' will probably beef a for more won- derful and seful character thee at Present ; for inventor* to different countries are perfecting terrible im- plemental. newly of %hick *ill, as soon aa losable. be turned to preotical All engineer In (he north of Eng- land hoe juat patented a gun whisah is maculated to beat the record in etaok discharge of bullets, for it is aritimated. that it will fire no fewer than Be.000 in a auntie minute. It is constructed on the priuciple of a *ling. A dew from which two bands project et feet orki rug triode a cese at the rate of 15,000 revolutions per min- uet,. The bullets are poured into the ewe. and caught by the whirling hands. witioh ',Soot them through en °Pee- ing Leading to a barrel. which :nee lee direoted to any particular spot. The machine will be niiiiiited on a canter oar, Medea projecting from the axles. The bullets are discharged with enormoue vekoity, and the in- ventor deolares that at close quarters an -enemy would be absolutely anaihi- ready been made. and have proved fully datisfamory. A new quioli-firing gun WM soon be turned out by a Birmingham firm. which will put all others of its class into the shade. All the gunner haa to do is to turn a wheel, and bullets. which will kill at three tuilios, are dis- obarged at the rate a 600 PER MINUTE. The gun only weighs Icwt.. and the barrow( may be pointed in any direction with the greateat facility. The veto- ciple is t hat a an endless belt. which Shieids would appear to to out of date; but the authorities at Pekin are aeloptiag some of a very interesting kind. They are about. the same size end weight se a Cheese war -shield; but the special advaatage of thiai are that they am bullet-proof, and that within each "shield a sword-bayoaet is oceicealect. which. by simply touching a spring. ma be made in a second to projeot trona the front. The Chinese believe that with them their soldiers will be able to oharge the enemy and put them to the sword with very little When Germeny es next engaged a great war in Europe she will pro- bably make um of huge ',refine of an extraordinary sort. which ts being or has been, constructed. It is a kind of land 'toadied. being a big movable house on wheels. It is built of im- penetrably thick steel with long, ugly spikes sticking out like quills tram • porcupine. whilst there are seores of openinge in the walla. front each of whish a big gun peeps out. To poem an oniony or put one to aleep is a decidedly novel idea ; but eeperimente in this direction are tie- ing made at Fit. Petersburg. A Rus- sian obemiat discovered an anaes- thetio which he clams to be neveral thourand times stronger than chloro- form. 1.2.forts are now being made to inclose it in bourbe, which could be shot into the midst of the enemy. Tbey would then burst and take instant et - foot upon all around. Thome who were not killed would be rendered insen- sible for a long period. and it M cal- culated that a wbole army could soon be made helpleas. In England our calla, Illy, is called the aninehly. It ia not a "lily" at all, bet it la an artun. and the regal iqueee of its farraly—the family to which the Jack-in-the-Palpit or Indian turnip a our forests La allied. la Australia the calla is such a peat as the water hyacinth is in Florida; It chokes up the irrigating channels by ita raged grow- th and requires vigoroue measures to subdue. Another flower called a lily, which ham no right. save that of long usuese. tbe name. Is the lily of the valley. In medieval times the monks said them little flowers. the simplest of the simple were the "lilies of the field." which onr Lord said were more splendidly arrayed than Solomon in all bin glory. .04 sines then wee man have equabbled over the plume and the Mower to each purpose that they have cons* to no einteltision bat it Is more tban likely that the Pima rie which the Saviour's eye chanced te fall tem eith- er the crown -imperial or tha marta- goo, or an amaryllis—each of them flovvere of sumptuous coloring and all natives of Palestine It oertataly could not have been the modest hell of the Iffy of the yeller for It in not the least like a king In his glory. nor. what is more ronotnaive. does lt grow wild in tbe Holy Land. FIVE-FOOT Sor,DIERS. The minimum height in the Mika, do's army is a fraction of an Inch over fire feet. and that in the ian army rive feet one inch. Ast the height of individase In Japan does not oftem exceed five feet four inches for males, it follower that there is WMI. dark( aaitoresity observable In the viler of iikthet4sJapasesesiatiripor:. lananed marchea. very few falling out of the rank& What one ran do all can do. The Emperor himself ls meth ebove METHODICA L. My wife is a groat business wee man." remarked t be man who is elude misty pewee. Talkie ogre to preserve doeuments aail that met of thine? Yew Why, bet women wool even reel her hair anima she has the pap- ers to shOer for it. THE RICH HEN OF THE WORLD. gm, teener, ts World Mae its *hem or Iltillowelrea. Germany is met generally regarded so a laud of rich MOO. end yet the gulden book abould bars a very lug* section devoted to tierniany and Aus- trisellungary, says the Lon duo &pee- tator. It Ls true that moat of the names would. have Vrince before them, but. being a royal Wood does not alter the fact of wealth. Without coveting the private propertied of the sover- eigns. who ought nut to be iaoluded. liestiee steam wealth. not wattle ill Made. but in moos/. is enormous. For example, that of the father of the pres- ent Prince of Bulgaria waareanted by teeny sterling. Many of the dethroned ruonarche again, are very rioh, for roi en exit has cealied to bee synonym for poverty. No one, of course, knows the exact wealth of tits Orleans family, but it ia very great. aad oven Bourboaa are well off. Don Carlon in emit* of the money he bee SPOIlltt on Spanish and ot her edema t oleo THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE waiiiiks_bas maks gookl show, tor at - though she g-reat. landed proprietors have-tenaltimo of tate yeara. mein; of the merchants and financiers have done exceedingly well. If riunor is to be trusted. Sane of the officials *re also very rich. Fabulous sums are &Uri, Mated to one in particular. The calle lantana of Airiest vvould, we sumo*" be confined to Kimberley aad the- - Rand; Mit possibly there are some laws fortune/ in Cairo among the Levantine colony, Asia will probably make a very respectable show in the golds"! book. It es true that in the Turkish sad Persian empires million- aires are never long-lived, and this fact tends to their non-eriatenoe; but for all that, aoane of ties lienyrna Greeke and Damaacus Jews ought to be able to gain admimion. India. on the otber hand, it the native princes *ha do not peeress sovereign rights are counted. ae they [twat lie, contain& a great number there merchant& in the great ci tea VI no are worth aeverel millions in personal property. but there axe abso four or five greet Zemindars wbo have 'monies which represent Use interest on two or three millions sterling. The re - tuition againet thinking of India es a piece of wealth has. in fact. been car- ried too far ; and es' are apt to forget that priarely fortunes are Mill made sod kept there. The truth about the Chinese for: - tunes would be moat arrives if it could be discovered. Unfortunately. it is the land a the crepto-naillion- area. of the men who lyre in little booms end hoard gold ingots in the shape ot Napes biscuits. It is known however, that THE EMPRES' S DOWAGER is among the richest. if not the rich- est. pergola. alive; while Li Hung Chang. unload; be Mae lately been plun- dered. whioh is unlikely. must &leo hare vast weelth. Outside China the Chileans ere often very rioh. and dare to show their weaith. For seample. it is elwao• said. and as far as we know with truth, that several of the Chinese men -Seats Ringapore are men of enormoire etches. With the American millionaire it is hardly necessary to deal. What place is not full of the report of his donors? It should. how- ever, he noted. tbat, though one or two of the American fortunes are be- yond ties dreams of avarice. the total number of "eerie men" is. in propor- tion to poputation. not ao great as it is here. There are, tbat is. mot so Duey great, but far inore mil- Bonaire/I in England. The men wbo reaohea the 05.000,000 mark is apt eith- er to loseett all again. or else to turn it into 1150.000,000 or 11100.000,000. Spenisk South Americo is not. as a rola. regarded as a place for rick men. yet, so a matter 4 faot, Chili, Mexico. Brazil and the Argentine have all within the last thirty years, produced fortunem on tbe groat seals. and not very bug ego the reateet heiress tu the siorld was said to le. the oaly CHAPTER ON DENTISTRy. Ned sewed Ile Ireilleee et Mc ler- area's 114weeele. The special partner emirs in with his hand to his jaw. and trot in the best of humor. He had been having e tooth extrarted. and am the pain wore away somewhat he was dispoeed to dilate on it, es men will. After all the particelare—first attar*. what be said. what his wife _maid, etc.—be re- tuarkee that be oould teach the cen- time something they did not know. "Tbe Infernal pain ot eztraction," *aid he. "Le due to the ooldnesa of tbe forceps. 'Nothing in the world is eo cruelly cold se a dentist's forceps. end When tbey ankh on to ties bet and inflamed tooth as chill goes all through tbe victim. I think it would confer a boom on mankind if some one would diaeover • aner metal that will wenn. or why can't tbe dentists dip the forceps into warm water betore ap- plying them t It would be a bleasielf to mankind." . have had two teeth extracted within a year." said the old traveling man. "and I bower notioed the oold- wom you amok of." "You must be very unobservant. ale," mid the iparlet partner; eleerp- ty, who was sot. used to being thwart - "No," replied the traveling man. looking sp at the militia. "1 took gee." PROVIDING FOlt AN EMERGIENOT. Met will you have inquired the French hill of fare. Wel, be answered. placiug his finger over ea item. yie kis briery 111001.4 '11 I hat. Rut don't go away: 'came. it• it. tsetse lee it hob In print lone 10 try erweithia• eles.